Hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 119, Issue , 2014, Pages 161-167

  Price, Raymond S ^a   Kasner, Scott E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral autoregulation; Cerebral hemorrhage; Cerebral infarction; Hypertension; Hypertensive encephalopathy

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN INFARCTION; CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION; DRUG EFFECT; HISTORY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTENSION ENCEPHALOPATHY; RISK FACTOR;

CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84890879265     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00012-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (39)

1. Allen F.M., Sherrill J.W. Treatment of arterial hypertension. J Metab Res 1922, 2:429-545.
2. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002, 288:2981-2997.
3. Andrade M.R., Pitella J.E. Immunohistchemical identification of plasma protein deposits in the wall of lenticulostriate ateries in patients with longstanding hypertension, with and without lipohyalinosis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2009, 67:82-89.
4. Arima H., Chalmers J., Woodward M., et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. J Hypertens 2006, 24:1201-1208. PROGRESS Collaborative Group.
5. Berend K., Levi M. Is it time to celebrate a century of blood pressure management?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008, 23:2558-2562.
6. Bornstein N.M., Aronovich B.D., Karepov V.G., et al. The Tel Aviv Stroke Registry. 3600 consecutive patients. Stroke 1996, 27:1770-1773.
7. Burt V.L., Whelton P., Roccella E.J., et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1996, 25:305-313.
8. Chalmers J., MacMahon S. Perindopril pROtection aGainst REcurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS): interpretation and implementation. J Hypertens Suppl 2003, 21:S9-S14.
9. Chapman N., Huxley R., Anderson C., et al. Effects of a perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering regimen on the risk of recurrent stroke according to stroke subtype and medical history: the PROGRESS trial. Stroke 2004, 35:116-121. Committee for the PROGRESS Collaborative Group.
10. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003, 42:1206-1252. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating CommitteeNational High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee.
11. Dahlof B., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002, 359:995-1003.
12. Fugate J.E., Claassen D.O., Cloft H.J., et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: associated clinical and radiologic findings. Mayo Clin Proc 2010, 85:427-432.
13. George A.E., De Leon M.J., Kalnin A., et al. Leukoencephalopathy in normal and pathologic aging: 2. MRI of brain lucencies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1986, 7:567-570.
14. Hirschl M.M., Binder M., Bur A., et al. Clinical evaluation of different doses of intravenous enalaprilat in patients with hypertensive crises. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:2217-2223.
15. Kannel W.B., Schwartz M.J., McNamara P.M. Blood pressure and risk of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Dis Chest 1969, 56:43-52.
16. Krogsgaard A.R., McNair A., Hilden T., et al. Reversibility of cerebral symptoms in severe hypertension in relation to acute antihypertensive therapy. Acta Med Scand 1986, 220:25-31.
17. Lawes C.M., Vander Hoorn S., et al. Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001. Lancet 2008, 371:1513-1518.
18. Lee V.H., Wijdicks E.F., Manno E.M., et al. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Arch Neurol 2008, 65:205-210.
19. Levy D., Larson M.G., Benjamin E.J., et al. Framingham Heart Study 100K Project: genome-wide associations for blood pressure and arterial stiffness. BMC Med Genet 2007, 8(Suppl 1):S3.
20. Liu L., Wang Z., Gong L., et al. Blood pressure reduction for the secondary prevention of stroke: a Chinese trial and a systematic review of the literature. Hypertens Res 2009, 32:1032-1040.
21. MacKenzie E.T., Strandgaard S., Graham D.I., et al. Effects of acutely induced hypertension in cats on pial arteriolar caliber, local cerebral blood flow, and the blood-brain barrier. Circ Res 1976, 39:33-41.
22. Moser M. Historical perspectives on the management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2006, 8(8 Suppl 2):15-20.
23. Mullen M.T., McKinney J.S., Kasner S.E. Blood pressure management in acute stroke. J Hum Hypertens 2009, 23:559-569.
24. Neal B., MacMahon S., Chapman N. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Lancet 2000, 356:1955-1964.
25. Ogaki K., Fukae J., Noda K., et al. Blurred vision with acute hypertension indicating hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy-case report. Neurol Med Chir 2009, 49:625-630.
26. Ovbiagele B., Diener H.C., Yusuf S., et al. Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of recurrent stroke. JAMA 2011, 306:2137-2144. PROFESS Investigators.
27. Patmcek E.A., Bednarczyk E.M., Dunbar L.M., et al. Randomized, prospective trial of fenoldopam vs sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of acute severe hypertension. Acad Emerg Med 1995, 2:959-965.
28. Qi X., Inagaki K., Sobel R.A., et al. Sustained pharmacological inhibition of δPKC protects against hypertensive encephalopathy through prevention of blood-brain barrier breakdown in rats. J Clin Invest 2008, 118:173-182.
29. Ramirez M.M., Kim D.D., Duran W.N. Protein kinase C modulates microvascular permeability through nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol 1996, 271:H1702-H1705.
30. Riva-Rocci S. Un nuovo sfigmomanometro [a new sphygmomanometer]. Gazzetta Medica di Torino 1896, 50:981-996.
31. Rosenblum W.I. Fibrinoid necrosis of small brain arteries and arterioles and miliary aneurysms as causes of hypertensive hemorrhage: a critical reappraisal. Acta Neuropathol 2008, 116:361-369.
32. Schrader J., Luders S., Kulschewski A., et al. MOSES Study Group. Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005, 36:1218-1226.
33. Shih P.A., O'Connor D.T. Hereditary determinants of human hypertension: strategies in the setting of genetic complexity. Hypertension 2008, 51:1456-1464.
34. Vasan R.S., Larson M.G., Leip E.P., et al. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1291-1297.
35. Vasan R.S., Beiser A., Seshadri S., et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2002, 287:1003-1010.
36. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129mm Hg. JAMA 1967, 202:1028-1034.
37. Viswanathan A., Chabriat H. Cerebral microhemorrhage. Stroke 2006, 37:550-555.
38. Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 2007, 447:661-678.
39. Zampaglione B., Pascale C., Marchisio M., et al. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Prevalence and clinical presentation. Hypertension 1996, 27:144-147.