메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1449-1458

A prospective study of the effect of hypertension and baseline blood pressure on cognitive decline and dementia in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

(11)  Johnson, Karen C a   Margolis, Karen L b   Espeland, Mark A c   Colenda, Christopher C d   Fillit, Howard e   Manson, JoAnn E f   Masaki, Kamal H g   Mouton, Charles P h   Prineas, Ronald c   Robinson, Jennifer G i   Wassertheil Smoller, Sylvia j  


Author keywords

Blood pressure; Cognition; Dementia; Hypertension; Women's health

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COGNITION; COMORBIDITY; DEMENTIA; DEMOGRAPHY; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 51249104031     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01806.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0035899258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VN characteristics of patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the United States
    • Hyman DP. VN characteristics of patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the United States. N Engl J Med 2001 345 : 479 486.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 479-486
    • Hyman, D.P.1
  • 2
    • 51249114090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Hypertension prevalence among adults, according to age, race, sex, and hispanic origin. In Health United States [on-line], 2002. Available at. Accessed October 20, 2005.
    • National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Hypertension prevalence among adults, according to age, race, sex, and hispanic origin. In Health United States [on-line], 2002. Available at Accessed October 20, 2005.
  • 3
    • 0024317904 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported
    • Evans DA, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported. JAMA 1989 262 : 2551 2556.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2551-2556
    • Evans, D.A.1    Funkenstein, H.H.2    Albert, M.S.3
  • 4
    • 0025273369 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: A door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy
    • Rocca WA, Bonaiuto S, Lippi A et al. Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: A door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy. Neurology 1990 40 : 626 631.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 626-631
    • Rocca, W.A.1    Bonaiuto, S.2    Lippi, A.3
  • 5
    • 0025800462 scopus 로고
    • Dementia: Case ascertainment in a community survey
    • Folstein MF, Bassett SS, Anthony JC et al. Dementia: Case ascertainment in a community survey. J Gerontol 1991 46 : M132 M138.
    • (1991) J Gerontol , vol.46
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Bassett, S.S.2    Anthony, J.C.3
  • 6
    • 0028296884 scopus 로고
    • Canadian study of health and aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia
    • Canadian study of health and aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1994 150 : 899 913.
    • (1994) Can Med Assoc J , vol.150 , pp. 899-913
  • 7
    • 0028109336 scopus 로고
    • The US economic and social costs of Alzheimer's disease revisited
    • Ernst RL, Hay JW. The US economic and social costs of Alzheimer's disease revisited. Am J Public Health 1994 84 : 1261 1264.
    • (1994) Am J Public Health , vol.84 , pp. 1261-1264
    • Ernst, R.L.1    Hay, J.W.2
  • 8
    • 0029556623 scopus 로고
    • A prevalence study of age-associated memory impairment
    • Barker A, Jones R, Jennison C. A prevalence study of age-associated memory impairment. Br J Psychiatry 1995 167 : 642 648.
    • (1995) Br J Psychiatry , vol.167 , pp. 642-648
    • Barker, A.1    Jones, R.2    Jennison, C.3
  • 9
    • 0027250907 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment and dementia in a rural community
    • Coria F, Gomez de Caso JA, Minguez L et al. Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment and dementia in a rural community. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993 56 : 973 976.
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 973-976
    • Coria, F.1    Gomez De Caso, J.A.2    Minguez, L.3
  • 10
    • 0028234554 scopus 로고
    • Estimated prevalence of age-associated memory impairment derived from standardized tests of memory function
    • Larrabee GJ, Crook TH III. Estimated prevalence of age-associated memory impairment derived from standardized tests of memory function. Int Psychogeriatr 1994 6 : 95 104.
    • (1994) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.6 , pp. 95-104
    • Larrabee, G.J.1    Crook Iii., T.H.2
  • 11
    • 84973681718 scopus 로고
    • Memory self-report in Alzheimer's disease and in age-associated memory impairment
    • Feher EP, Larrabee GJ, Sudilovsky A et al. Memory self-report in Alzheimer's disease and in age-associated memory impairment. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994 7 : 58 65.
    • (1994) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 58-65
    • Feher, E.P.1    Larrabee, G.J.2    Sudilovsky, A.3
  • 12
    • 0034603520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: An epidemiologic perspective
    • Breteler MM. Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: An epidemiologic perspective. Neurobiol Aging 2000 21 : 153 160.
    • (2000) Neurobiol Aging , vol.21 , pp. 153-160
    • Breteler, M.M.1
  • 13
    • 0035931293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, cognitive functions, and prevention of dementias in older patients with hypertension
    • Birkenhager WH, Forette F, Seux ML et al. Blood pressure, cognitive functions, and prevention of dementias in older patients with hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2001 161 : 152 156.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 152-156
    • Birkenhager, W.H.1    Forette, F.2    Seux, M.L.3
  • 14
    • 0036300343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: Potential for pharmacological intervention
    • Kivipelto M, Laakso MP, Tuomilehto J et al. Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: Potential for pharmacological intervention. CNS Drugs 2002 16 : 435 444.
    • (2002) CNS Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 435-444
    • Kivipelto, M.1    Laakso, M.P.2    Tuomilehto, J.3
  • 15
    • 0030603535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia
    • Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 1996 347 : 1141 1145.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1141-1145
    • Skoog, I.1    Lernfelt, B.2    Landahl, S.3
  • 16
    • 0034594441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife blood pressure and dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging study
    • Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging study. Neurobiol aging 2000 21 : 49 55.
    • (2000) Neurobiol Aging , vol.21 , pp. 49-55
    • Launer, L.J.1    Ross, G.W.2    Petrovitch, H.3
  • 17
    • 0035897938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Longitudinal, population based study
    • Kivipelto M, Helkala E-L, Laakso MP et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 2001 322 : 1447 1451.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 1447-1451
    • Kivipelto, M.1    Helkala, E.-L.2    Laakso, M.P.3
  • 18
    • 0032816804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: Relationship of antihypertensive medication use
    • Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Zhu L et al. Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: Relationship of antihypertensive medication use. Arch Neurol 1999 56 : 991 996.
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 991-996
    • Guo, Z.1    Fratiglioni, L.2    Zhu, L.3
  • 19
    • 0034994528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
    • in't Veld BA, Ruitenberg A, Hofman A et al. Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of dementia: The Rotterdam Study. Neurobiol Aging 2001 22 : 407 412.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Aging , vol.22 , pp. 407-412
    • In'T Veld, B.A.1    Ruitenberg, A.2    Hofman, A.3
  • 20
    • 14644411053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment in an elderly population
    • Hajjar I, Catoe H, Sixta S et al. Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment in an elderly population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005 60A : 67 73.
    • (2005) J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.60 , pp. 67-73
    • Hajjar, I.1    Catoe, H.2    Sixta, S.3
  • 21
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group.
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991 265 : 3255 3264.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 22
    • 0029988543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council's trial of hypertension in older adults
    • Prince MJ, Bird AS, Blizard RA et al. Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council's trial of hypertension in older adults. BMJ 1996 312 : 801 805.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 801-805
    • Prince, M.J.1    Bird, A.S.2    Blizard, R.A.3
  • 23
    • 0028006802 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension on behavioral variables. Results from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
    • Applegate WB, Pressel S, Wittes J et al. Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension on behavioral variables. Results from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Arch Intern Med 1994 154 : 2154 2160.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2154-2160
    • Applegate, W.B.1    Pressel, S.2    Wittes, J.3
  • 24
    • 0038669268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease
    • Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2003 163 : 1069 1075.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Tzourio, C.1    Anderson, C.2    Chapman, N.3
  • 25
    • 0032564132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial
    • Forette F, Seux M-L, Staessen JA et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998 352 : 1347 1351.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1347-1351
    • Forette, F.1    Seux, M.-L.2    Staessen, J.A.3
  • 26
    • 6844255857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. the Women's Health Initiative study group
    • Women's Health Initiative Investigators.
    • Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative study group. Control Clin Trials 1998 19 : 61 109.
    • (1998) Control Clin Trials , vol.19 , pp. 61-109
  • 27
    • 10744219623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of the Women's Health Initiative study design
    • Anderson G, Manson J, Wallace R et al. Implementation of the Women's Health Initiative study design. Ann Epidemiol 2003 13 : S5 S17.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13
    • Anderson, G.1    Manson, J.2    Wallace, R.3
  • 28
    • 0142248735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Women's Health Initiative recruitment methods and results
    • Hays J, Hunt J, Hubbell F et al. The Women's Health Initiative recruitment methods and results. Ann Epidemiol 2003 13 : S18 S77.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13
    • Hays, J.1    Hunt, J.2    Hubbell, F.3
  • 29
    • 0032430616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): A trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia
    • Shumaker SA, Reboussin BA, Espeland MA et al. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): A trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia. Controlled Clin Trials 1998 19 : 604 621.
    • (1998) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.19 , pp. 604-621
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Reboussin, B.A.2    Espeland, M.A.3
  • 30
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators.
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002 288 : 321 333.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
  • 31
    • 1842867053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of conjugated equine estrogens in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee.
    • The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogens in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004 291 : 1701 1712.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1701-1712
  • 32
    • 0142248517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The women's health initiative postmenopausal hormone trials: Overview and baseline characteristics of participants
    • Stefanick M, Cochrane B, Hsia J et al. The women's health initiative postmenopausal hormone trials: Overview and baseline characteristics of participants. Ann Epidemiol 2003 13 : S78 S86.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13
    • Stefanick, M.1    Cochrane, B.2    Hsia, J.3
  • 33
    • 0038386058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, a randomized controlled trial
    • Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003 289 : 2651 2662.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2651-2662
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Legault, C.2    Rapp, S.R.3
  • 34
    • 0038724280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, a randomized controlled trial
    • Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Shumaker SA et al. The effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003 289 : 26663 22672.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 26663-22672
    • Rapp, S.R.1    Espeland, M.A.2    Shumaker, S.A.3
  • 35
    • 2942755831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
    • Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004 291 : 2947 2958.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2947-2958
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Legault, C.2    Kuller, L.3
  • 36
    • 2942750157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
    • Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004 291 : 2959 2968.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2959-2968
    • Espeland, M.A.1    Rapp, S.R.2    Shumaker, S.A.3
  • 37
    • 0023194048 scopus 로고
    • The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination
    • Teng EL, Chui HC. The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry 1987 48 : 314 318.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 314-318
    • Teng, E.L.1    Chui, H.C.2
  • 38
    • 0030969110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community screening for dementia: The Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and modified Mini-Mental State exam (3MS) compared
    • McDowell I, Kristjansson B, Hill GB et al. Community screening for dementia: The Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and modified Mini-Mental State exam (3MS) compared. J Clin Epidemiol 1997 50 : 377 383.
    • (1997) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.50 , pp. 377-383
    • McDowell, I.1    Kristjansson, B.2    Hill, G.B.3
  • 39
    • 0030912703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the modified Mini-Mental State examination in the context of a two-phase community prevalence study
    • Bravo G, Hebert R. Reliability of the modified Mini-Mental State examination in the context of a two-phase community prevalence study. Neuroepidemiology 1997 16 : 141 148.
    • (1997) Neuroepidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 141-148
    • Bravo, G.1    Hebert, R.2
  • 40
    • 0033679042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and its treatment in postmenopausal women: Baseline data from the Women's Health Initiative
    • Wassertheil-Smoller S, Anderson G, Psaty BM et al. Hypertension and its treatment in postmenopausal women: Baseline data from the Women's Health Initiative. Hypertension 2000 36 : 780 789.
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , pp. 780-789
    • Wassertheil-Smoller, S.1    Anderson, G.2    Psaty, B.M.3
  • 41
    • 11344283814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of time-scale in Cox's model analysis of epidemiologic cohort data: A simulation study
    • Thiebaut ACM, Benichou J. Choice of time-scale in Cox's model analysis of epidemiologic cohort data: A simulation study. Stat Med 2004 23 : 3803 3820.
    • (2004) Stat Med , vol.23 , pp. 3803-3820
    • Thiebaut, A.C.M.1    Benichou, J.2
  • 42
    • 0023555764 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and cognitive performance. the Framingham Study
    • Farmer ME, White LR, Abbott RD et al. Blood pressure and cognitive performance. The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1987 126 : 1103 1114.
    • (1987) Am J Epidemiol , vol.126 , pp. 1103-1114
    • Farmer, M.E.1    White, L.R.2    Abbott, R.D.3
  • 43
    • 0034798731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of incident Alzheimer disease and blood pressure measured from 13 years before to 2 years after diagnosis in a large community study
    • Morris MC, Scherr PA, Hebert LE et al. Association of incident Alzheimer disease and blood pressure measured from 13 years before to 2 years after diagnosis in a large community study. Arch Neurol 2001 58 : 1640 1646.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 1640-1646
    • Morris, M.C.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Hebert, L.E.3
  • 44
    • 0021810821 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of free-recall memory to hypertension in the elderly. the Iowa 65+Rural Health Study
    • Wallace RB, Lemke JH, Morris MC et al. Relationship of free-recall memory to hypertension in the elderly. The Iowa 65+Rural Health Study. J Chronic Dis 1985 38 : 475 481.
    • (1985) J Chronic Dis , vol.38 , pp. 475-481
    • Wallace, R.B.1    Lemke, J.H.2    Morris, M.C.3
  • 45
    • 0028840753 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological test performance, cognitive functioning, blood pressure, and age: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Elias MF, D'Agostino RB, Elias PK et al. Neuropsychological test performance, cognitive functioning, blood pressure, and age: The Framingham Heart Study. Exp Aging Res 1995 21 : 369 391.
    • (1995) Exp Aging Res , vol.21 , pp. 369-391
    • Elias, M.F.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Elias, P.K.3
  • 46
    • 0030932408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of blood pressure in cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Osservatorio Geriatrico Campano Group
    • Cacciatore F, Abete P, Ferrara N et al. The role of blood pressure in cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Osservatorio Geriatrico Campano Group. J Hypertens 1997 15 : 135 142.
    • (1997) J Hypertens , vol.15 , pp. 135-142
    • Cacciatore, F.1    Abete, P.2    Ferrara, N.3
  • 47
    • 0033949424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term predictors of cognitive outcome in a cohort of older people with hypertension
    • Cervilla JA, Prince M, Joels S et al. Long-term predictors of cognitive outcome in a cohort of older people with hypertension. Br J Psychiatry 2000 177 : 66 71.
    • (2000) Br J Psychiatry , vol.177 , pp. 66-71
    • Cervilla, J.A.1    Prince, M.2    Joels, S.3
  • 48
    • 0034749132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of cognitive ability in normotensive and hypertensive 68-year-old men: Results from population study "men Born in 1914," in Malmo, Sweden
    • Andre-Petersson L, Hagberg B, Janzon L et al. A comparison of cognitive ability in normotensive and hypertensive 68-year-old men: Results from population study "Men Born in 1914," in Malmo, Sweden. Exp Aging Res 2001 27 : 319 340.
    • (2001) Exp Aging Res , vol.27 , pp. 319-340
    • Andre-Petersson, L.1    Hagberg, B.2    Janzon, L.3
  • 49
    • 0033675520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance in hypertensive and normotensive older subjects
    • Harrington F, Saxby BK, McKeith IG et al. Cognitive performance in hypertensive and normotensive older subjects. Hypertension 2000 36 : 1079 1082.
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Harrington, F.1    Saxby, B.K.2    McKeith, I.G.3
  • 50
    • 33646433026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive medication use and incident Alzheimer disease: The Cache County Study
    • Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketsos CG et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incident Alzheimer disease: The Cache County Study. Arch Neurol 2006 63 : 686 692.
    • (2006) Arch Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 686-692
    • Khachaturian, A.S.1    Zandi, P.P.2    Lyketsos, C.G.3
  • 51
    • 0027453765 scopus 로고
    • Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: The Framingham Study
    • Elias MF, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB et al. Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993 138 : 353 364.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.138 , pp. 353-364
    • Elias, M.F.1    Wolf, P.A.2    D'Agostino, R.B.3
  • 52
    • 0035954333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study
    • Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Hanninen T et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study. Neurology 2001 56 : 1683 1689.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Kivipelto, M.1    Helkala, E.L.2    Hanninen, T.3
  • 53
    • 0029617996 scopus 로고
    • The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H et al. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA 1995 274 : 1846 1851.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1846-1851
    • Launer, L.J.1    Masaki, K.2    Petrovitch, H.3
  • 54
    • 2942590963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and late-life cognitive function change: A biracial longitudinal population study
    • Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bennett DA et al. Blood pressure and late-life cognitive function change: A biracial longitudinal population study. Neurology 2004 62 : 2021 2024.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 2021-2024
    • Hebert, L.E.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Bennett, D.A.3
  • 55
    • 0035830396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults
    • Knopman D, Boland LL, Mosley T et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults. Neurology 2001 56 : 42 48.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 42-48
    • Knopman, D.1    Boland, L.L.2    Mosley, T.3
  • 56
    • 0037468674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline
    • Vermeer SE, Prins ND, den Heijer T et al. Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. N Engl J Med 2003 348 : 1215 1222.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1215-1222
    • Vermeer, S.E.1    Prins, N.D.2    Den Heijer, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.