Two dimensional and layered transition metal oxides

Applied Materials Today

Volumn 5, Issue , 2016, Pages 73-89

  Kalantar zadeh, Kourosh ^a   Ou, Jian Zhen ^a   Daeneke, Torben ^a   Mitchell, Arnan ^a   Sasaki, Takayoshi ^b   Fuhrer, Michael S ^c  

^a RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Japan)

^c MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Biosystem; Catalyst; Energy; Sensor; Spintronics; Transistor

Indexed keywords

CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; GEOCHEMISTRY; LUBRICANTS; OXYGEN; SENSORS; SPINTRONICS; TRANSISTORS; TRANSITION METALS;

BIO SYSTEMS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC; CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; ENERGY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAYERED TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; TWO DIMENSIONAL (2 D);

TRANSITION METAL OXIDES;

EID: 84988690059     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23529407     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2016.09.012     Document Type: Review

References (217)

1. [1] Butler, S.Z., et al. Progress, challenges, and opportunities in two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. ACS Nano 7 (2013), 2898–2926.
2. [2] Geim, A.K., Grigorieva, I.V., Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499 (2013), 419–425.
3. [3] Hwang, H.Y., et al. Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces. Nat. Mater. 11 (2012), 103–113.
4. [4] Mas-Balleste, R., Gomez-Navarro, C., Gomez-Herrero, J., Zamora, F., 2D materials: to graphene and beyond. Nanoscale 3 (2011), 20–30.
5. [5] Naguib, M., Gogotsi, Y., Synthesis of two-dimensional materials by selective extraction. Acc. Chem. Res. 48 (2015), 128–135.
6. [6] Novoselov, K.S., et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005), 10451–10453.
7. [7] Osada, M., Sasaki, T., Exfoliated oxide nanosheets: new solution to nanoelectronics. J. Mater. Chem. 19 (2009), 2503–2511.
8. [8] Osada, M., Sasaki, T., Two-dimensional dielectric nanosheets: novel nanoelectronics from nanocrystal building blocks. Adv. Mater. 24 (2012), 210–228.
9. [9] Wolfram, T., Two-dimensional character of the conduction bands of d-band perovskites. Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 (1972), 1383–1387.
10. [10] Xu, M., Liang, T., Shi, M., Chen, H., Graphene-like two-dimensional materials. Chem. Rev. 113 (2013), 3766–3798.
11. 2 layers. Nature 422 (2003), 53–55.
12. [12] Walia, S., et al. Transition metal oxides – thermoelectric properties. Prog. Mater. Sci. 58 (2013), 1443–1489.
13. [13] Gupta, M.K., Lee, J.-H., Lee, K.Y., Kim, S.-W., Two-dimensional vanadium-doped ZnO nanosheet-based flexible direct current nanogenerator. ACS Nano 7 (2013), 8932–8939.
14. [14] Mannhart, J., Schlom, D.G., Oxide interfaces – an opportunity for electronics. Science 327 (2010), 1607–1611.
15. [15] Goniakowski, J., Finocchi, F., Noguera, C., Polarity of oxide surfaces and nanostructures. Rep. Prog. Phys., 71, 2008, 016501.
16. [16] Chimene, D., Alge, D.L., Gaharwar, A.K., Two-dimensional nanomaterials for biomedical applications: emerging trends and future prospects. Adv. Mater. 27 (2015), 7261–7284.
17. [17] Rienks, E.D.L., et al. Local zero-bias anomaly in tunneling spectra of a transition-metal oxide thin film. Phys. Rev. B, 75, 2007, 205443.
18. [18] Surnev, S., Ramsey, M.G., Netzer, F.P., Vanadium oxide surface studies. Prog. Surf. Sci. 73 (2003), 117–165.
19. [19] Wu, Q.-H., Fortunelli, A., Granozzi, G., Preparation, characterisation and structure of Ti and Al ultrathin oxide films on metals. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 28 (2009), 517–576.
20. 2 and their optical properties. J. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997), 10159–10161.
21. [21] Poizot, P., Laruelle, S., Grugeon, S., Dupont, L., Tarascon, J.M., Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nature 407 (2000), 496–499.
22. [22] Fukuda, K., et al. Unusual crystallization behaviors of anatase nanocrystallites from a molecularly thin titania nanosheet and its stacked forms: increase in nucleation temperature and oriented growth. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007), 202–209.
23. [23] Ganduglia-Pirovano, M.V., Hofmann, A., Sauer, J., Oxygen vacancies in transition metal and rare earth oxides: current state of understanding and remaining challenges. Surf. Sci. Rep. 62 (2007), 219–270.
24. [24] Carrasco, J., Lopez, N., Illas, F., Freund, H.-J., Bulk and surface oxygen vacancy formation and diffusion in single crystals, ultrathin films, and metal grown oxide structures. J. Chem. Phys., 125, 2006, 074711.
25. 3 sheets. Nanoscale 2 (2010), 429–433.
26. [26] Balendhran, S., et al. Two-dimensional molybdenum trioxide and dichalcogenides. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 (2013), 3952–3970.
27. [27] Alsaif, M.M.Y.A., et al. Tunable plasmon resonances in two-dimensional molybdenum oxide nanoflakes. Adv. Mater. 26 (2014), 3931–3937.
28. [28] Alsaif, M.M.Y.A., et al. High-performance field effect transistors using electronic inks of 2D molybdenum oxide nanoflakes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 (2016), 91–100.
29. 3 sheets from hydrated tungsten trioxide. Chem. Mater. 22 (2010), 5660–5666.
30. 3 nanosheets for high-performance solar blind photodetectors. J. Mater. Chem. C 2 (2014), 3254–3259.
31. 5 hydrate as the hole-transport layer for stable organic solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 6 (2013), 3088–3098.
32. 5 nanosheet cathodes: realizing ultrafast reversible lithium storage. Nanoscale 5 (2013), 556–560.
33. [33] Tusche, C., Meyerheim, H.L., Kirschner, J., Observation of depolarized ZnO(0001) monolayers: formation of unreconstructed planar sheets. Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, 2007, 026102.
34. 12. Chem. Mater. 13 (2001), 2759–2761.
35. 6 thin films as efficient visible-light-active photocatalysts. Adv. Mater. 21 (2009), 1286–1290.
36. 7 nanosheets. J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009), 8735–8742.
37. 10: a far-red luminescent nanosheet phosphor with the double perovskite structure. J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008), 17115–17120.
38. [38] Schaak, R.E., Mallouk, T.E., Perovskites by design: a toolbox of solid-state reactions. Chem. Mater. 14 (2002), 1455–1471.
39. [39] Schaak, R.E., Mallouk, T.E., Self-assembly of tiled perovskite monolayer and multilayer thin films. Chem. Mater. 12 (2000), 2513–2516.
40. [40] Damascelli, A., Hussain, Z., Shen, Z.-X., Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 (2003), 473–541.
41. [41] Tang, Q., Zhou, Z., Chen, Z., Innovation and discovery of graphene-like materials via density-functional theory computations. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Mol. Sci. 5 (2015), 360–379.
42. [42] Vila-Fungueiriño, J.M., et al. Integration of functional complex oxide nanomaterials on silicon. Front. Phys., 3, 2015, 38.
43. [43] Kim, H.-J., et al. Hunting for monolayer oxide nanosheets and their architectures. Sci. Rep., 6, 2016, 19402.
44. [44] Fukuda, K., Nakai, I., Ebina, Y., Ma, R., Sasaki, T., Colloidal unilamellar layers of tantalum oxide with open channels. Inorg. Chem. 46 (2007), 4787–4789.
45. 2 derived via delamination of a layered manganese oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003), 3568–3575.
46. [46] Bauer, E., van der Merwe, J.H., Structure and growth of crystalline superlattices: from monolayer to superlattice. Phys. Rev. B 33 (1986), 3657–3671.
47. [47] Thiel, S., Hammerl, G., Schmehl, A., Schneider, C.W., Mannhart, J., Tunable quasi-two-dimensional electron gases in oxide heterostructures. Science 313 (2006), 1942–1945.
48. [48] Rijnders, G.J.H.M., Koster, G., Blank, D.H.A., Rogalla, H., In situ monitoring during pulsed laser deposition of complex oxides using reflection high energy electron diffraction under high oxygen pressure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (1997), 1888–1890.
49. [49] Bibes, M., Villegas, J.E., Barthélèmy, A., Ultrathin oxide films and interfaces for electronics and spintronics. Adv. Phys. 60 (2011), 5–84.
50. [50] Tan, C., Zhang, H., Wet-chemical synthesis and applications of non-layer structured two-dimensional nanomaterials. Nat. Commun., 6, 2015, 7873.
51. [51] Sahoo, T., Nayak, S.K., Chelliah, P., Rath, M.K., Parida, B., Observations of two-dimensional monolayer zinc oxide. Mater. Res. Bull. 75 (2016), 134–138.
52. [52] Chen, C., et al. Self-assembled free-standing graphite oxide membrane. Adv. Mater. 21 (2009), 3007–3011.
53. [53] Hagrman, D., Sangregorio, C., O'Connor, C.J., Zubieta, J., Solid state coordination chemistry: two-dimensional oxides constructed from polyoxomolybdate clusters and copper-organoamine subunits. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1998, 3707–3710.
54. 2 thin layers on insulating substrates. Nano Lett. 12 (2012), 1538–1544.
55. [55] Liu, G., et al. Nitrogen-doped titania nanosheets towards visible light response. Chem. Commun., 1383–1385, 2009.
56. [56] Sasaki, T., Watanabe, M., Osmotic swelling to exfoliation. Exceptionally high degrees of hydration of a layered titanate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998), 4682–4689.
57. [57] Sasaki, T., Watanabe, M., Hashizume, H., Yamada, H., Nakazawa, H., Macromolecule-like aspects for a colloidal suspension of an exfoliated titanate. Pairwise association of nanosheets and dynamic reassembling process initiated from it. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996), 8329–8335.
58. 2-related structure and its electrochemical supercapacitor property. Inorg. Chem. 49 (2010), 4391–4393.
59. [59] Takagaki, A., et al. Exfoliated nanosheets as a new strong solid acid catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003), 5479–5485.
60. [60] Zhao, C., Zhang, H., Si, W., Wu, H., Mass production of two-dimensional oxides by rapid heating of hydrous chlorides. Nat. Commun., 7, 2016, 12543.
61. [61] Nicolosi, V., Chhowalla, M., Kanatzidis, M.G., Strano, M.S., Coleman, J.N., Liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science, 340, 2013, 1226419.
62. [62] Coleman, J.N., et al. Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 331 (2011), 568–571.
63. [63] Yuhas, B.D., Zitoun, D.O., Pauzauskie, P.J., He, R., Yang, P., Transition-metal doped zinc oxide nanowires. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (2006), 420–423.
64. [64] Greiner, M.T., Chai, L., Helander, M.G., Tang, W.M., Lu, Z.H., Transition metal oxide work functions: the influence of cation oxidation state and oxygen vacancies. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 (2012), 4557–4568.
65. [65] Grisolia, M.N., et al. Hybridization-controlled charge transfer and induced magnetism at correlated oxide interfaces. Nat. Phys. 12 (2016), 484–492.
66. 2. Sci. Rep., 5, 2015, 15989.
67. [67] Amsalem, Y., et al. Iron-oxide labeling and outcome of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in the infarcted myocardium. Circulation 116 (2007), I38–I45.
68. [68] Gao, W., Dickinson, L., Grozinger, C., Morin, F.G., Reven, L., Self-assembled monolayers of alkylphosphonic acids on metal oxides. Langmuir 12 (1996), 6429–6435.
69. [69] Fukumura, T., Jin, Z., Ohtomo, A., Koinuma, H., Kawasaki, M., An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999), 3366–3368.
70. x contact for silicon solar cells. Nano Lett. 14 (2014), 967–971.
71. [71] Stamenkovic, V., et al. Changing the activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction by tuning the surface electronic structure. Angew. Chem. 118 (2006), 2963–2967.
72. [72] Nilius, N., Freund, H.-J., Activating nonreducible oxides via doping. Acc. Chem. Res. 48 (2015), 1532–1539.
73. [73] Morimoto, T., Nagao, M., Tokuda, F., Relation between the amounts of chemisorbed and physisorbed water on metal oxides. J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969), 243–248.
74. [74] Ji, X., Lee, K.T., Nazar, L.F., A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat. Mater. 8 (2009), 500–506.
75. [75] Rasmussen, F.A., Thygesen, K.S., Computational 2D materials database: electronic structure of transition-metal dichalcogenides and oxides. J. Phys. Chem. C 119 (2015), 13169–13183.
76. [76] Sun, Y.-N., et al. The interplay between structure and CO oxidation catalysis on metal-supported ultrathin oxide films. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49 (2010), 4418–4421.
77. [77] Giordano, L., et al. Charging of metal adatoms on ultrathin oxide films: Au and Pd on FeO/Pt(111). Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 2008, 026102.
78. 6 nanosheets: facile synthesis and enhanced hydrogen evolution performance from photocatalytic water splitting. Chem. Commun. 51 (2015), 15125–15128.
79. [79] Wilk, G.D., Wallace, R.M., Anthony, J.M., High-κ gate dielectrics: current status and materials properties considerations. J. Appl. Phys. 89 (2001), 5243–5275.
80. [80] Kingon, A.I., Streiffer, S.K., Basceri, C., Summerfelt, S.R., High-permittivity perovskite thin films for dynamic random-access memories. MRS Bull. 21 (1996), 46–52.
81. [81] Kingon, A., Device physics: memories are made of …. Nature 401 (1999), 658–659.
82. [82] Kingon, A.I., Maria, J.-P., Streiffer, S.K., Alternative dielectrics to silicon dioxide for memory and logic devices. Nature 406 (2000), 1032–1038.
83. [83] Kim, S.K., et al. Capacitors with an equivalent oxide thickness of <0.5 nm for nanoscale electronic semiconductor memory. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010), 2989–3003.
84. [84] Niinistö, J., Kukli, K., Heikkilä, M., Ritala, M., Leskelä, M., Atomic layer deposition of high-k oxides of the group 4 metals for memory applications. Adv. Eng. Mater. 11 (2009), 223–234.
85. [85] Kukli, K., Ritala, M., Leskelä, M., Development of dielectric properties of niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, and aluminum oxide based nanolayered materials. J. Electrochem. Soc. 148 (2001), F35–F41.
86. [86] Osada, M., et al. Solution-based fabrication of high-κ dielectric nanofilms using titania nanosheets as a building block. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, 2007, 6979.
87. 5 crystallographic shear structures. J. Mater. Res. 11 (1996), 1428–1432.
88. [88] Brennecka, G.L., Ihlefeld, J.F., Maria, J.P., Tuttle, B.A., Clem, P.G., Processing technologies for high-permittivity thin films in capacitor applications. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93 (2010), 3935–3954.
89. 2 interlayer. Chem. Mater. 22 (2010), 4419–4425.
90. 2 thin films on a Ru electrode grown at 250 °C by atomic-layer deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 (2004), 4112–4114.
91. [91] Jang, C., et al. Tuning the effective fine structure constant in graphene: opposing effects of dielectric screening on short- and long-range potential scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 2008, 146805.
92. 2 field-effect transistors: substrate and dielectric effects. Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 2013, 042104.
93. [93] Balendhran, S., et al. Enhanced charge carrier mobility in two-dimensional high dielectric molybdenum oxide. Adv. Mater. 25 (2013), 109–114.
94. 1−xO/ZnO heterostructures below v = 1/3. Phys. Rev. B, 84, 2011, 033304.
95. 3 heterointerface. Nature 427 (2004), 423–426.
96. [96] Yang, Y., et al. Observation of conducting filament growth in nanoscale resistive memories. Nat. Commun., 3, 2012, 732.
97. [97] Liang, L., et al. Vacancy associates-rich ultrathin nanosheets for high performance and flexible nonvolatile memory device. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 (2015), 3102–3108.
98. [98] Ramos, A.V., et al. Room temperature spin filtering in epitaxial cobalt-ferrite tunnel barriers. Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 2007, 122107.
99. [99] Yang, J.J., Strukov, D.B., Stewart, D.R., Memristive devices for computing. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 (2013), 13–24.
100. 2/Pt structure for nonvolatile memory devices. Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, 2009, 042105.
101. [101] Chen, G., et al. Resistive switching and magnetic modulation in cobalt-doped ZnO. Adv. Mater. 24 (2012), 3515–3520.
102. 3 ferroelectric ceramics. Appl. Mater. Today 1 (2015), 37–44.
103. [103] Ahn, C.H., Rabe, K.M., Triscone, J.-M., Ferroelectricity at the nanoscale: local polarization in oxide thin films and heterostructures. Science 303 (2004), 488–491.
104. [104] Rodrı́guez Contreras, J., et al. Resistive switching in metal–ferroelectric–metal junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003), 4595–4597.
105. [105] Kanamori, J., Superexchange interaction and symmetry properties of electron orbitals. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 10 (1959), 87–98.
106. [106] Lawes, G., Ramirez, A.P., Varma, C.M., Subramanian, M.A., Magnetodielectric effects from spin fluctuations in isostructural ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 2003, 257208.
107. 3. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 20, 1965, 1529.
108. [108] Haghiri-Gosnet, A.M., Arnal, T., Soulimane, R., Koubaa, M., Renard, J.P., Spintronics: perspectives for the half-metallic oxides. Phys. Status Solidi 201 (2004), 1392–1397.
109. 3/Fe junction. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 139 (1995), L231–L234.
110. [110] Moodera, J.S., Kinder, L.R., Wong, T.M., Meservey, R., Large magnetoresistance at room temperature in ferromagnetic thin film tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995), 3273–3276.
111. [111] Gupta, A., Li, X.W., Xiao, G., Inverse magnetoresistance in chromium-dioxide-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 (2001), 1894–1896.
112. [112] Fonin, M., Dedkov, Y.S., Pentcheva, R., Rüdiger, U., Güntherodt, G., Magnetite: a search for the half-metallic state. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 19, 2007, 315217.
113. [113] Kathrin, D., Ferromagnetic manganites: spin-polarized conduction versus competing interactions. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, 2006, R125.
114. [114] Serrate, D., De Teresa, J.M., Ibarra, M.R., Double perovskites with ferromagnetism above room temperature. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 19, 2007, 023201.
115. [115] Jo, M.-H., Mathur, N.D., Todd, N.K., Blamire, M.G., Very large magnetoresistance and coherent switching in half-metallic manganite tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. B 61 (2000), R14905–R14908.
116. [116] Ogale, S.B., Dilute doping, defects, and ferromagnetism in metal oxide systems. Adv. Mater. 22 (2010), 3125–3155.
117. [117] Wang, L., Sasaki, T., Titanium oxide nanosheets: graphene analogues with versatile functionalities. Chem. Rev. 114 (2014), 9455–9486.
118. [118] Priour, D.J., Hwang, E.H., Das Sarma, S., Quasi-two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 2005, 037201.
119. c superconductivity in oxides. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 (1987), 2794–2797.
120. 2-layered compounds. Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989), 1197–1200.
121. [121] Schilling, A., Cantoni, M., Guo, J.D., Ott, H.R., Superconductivity above 130 K in the Hg–Ba–Ca–Cu–O system. Nature 363 (1993), 56–58.
122. [122] Reyren, N., et al. Superconducting interfaces between insulating oxides. Science 317 (2007), 1196–1199.
123. [123] Liu, J., Liu, X.-W., Two-dimensional nanoarchitectures for lithium storage. Adv. Mater. 24 (2012), 4097–4111.
124. [124] Peng, X., Peng, L., Wu, C., Xie, Y., Two dimensional nanomaterials for flexible supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 (2014), 3303–3323.
125. [125] Lee, J., et al. Unlocking the potential of cation-disordered oxides for rechargeable lithium batteries. Science 343 (2014), 519–522.
126. 5 nanosheets with exceptional small thickness for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 13 (2015), 58–66.
127. 2/graphene hybrid nanostructures for high-performance, flexible planar supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 13 (2013), 2151–2157.
128. [128] Zhou, G., et al. Oxygen bridges between NiO nanosheets and graphene for improvement of lithium storage. ACS Nano 6 (2012), 3214–3223.
129. [129] Liu, R., et al. Water splitting by tungsten oxide prepared by atomic layer deposition and decorated with an oxygen-evolving catalyst. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 (2011), 499–502.
130. 2 as a better cathode material for lithium ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 119 (2015), 28783–28788.
131. 2 as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries from first principles calculations. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 (2013), 9075–9083.
132. 2 nanosheets in an electrochemical capacitor investigated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Chem. Commun. 47 (2011), 1252–1254.
133. [133] Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y., Dunn, B., Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin?. Science 343 (2014), 1210–1211.
134. [134] Su, Y., et al. Two-dimensional carbon-coated graphene/metal oxide hybrids for enhanced lithium storage. ACS Nano 6 (2012), 8349–8356.
135. [135] Higgins, T.M., et al. Effect of percolation on the capacitance of supercapacitor electrodes prepared from composites of manganese dioxide nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 8 (2014), 9567–9579.
136. [136] Kong, S., et al. A novel three-dimensional manganese dioxide electrode for high performance supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 308 (2016), 141–148.
137. 2 nanosheet arrays on carbon fiber for high-performance pseudocapacitors. J. Electroanal. Chem. 759 (2015), 95–100.
138. [138] Huang, M., Zhao, X.L., Li, F., Zhang, L.L., Zhang, Y.X., Facile synthesis of ultrathin manganese dioxide nanosheets arrays on nickel foam as advanced binder-free supercapacitor electrodes. J. Power Sources 277 (2015), 36–43.
139. [139] Sung, D.-Y., Kim, I.Y., Kim, T.W., Song, M.-S., Hwang, S.-J., Room temperature synthesis routes to the 2D nanoplates and 1D nanowires/nanorods of manganese oxides with highly stable pseudocapacitance behaviors. J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011), 13171–13179.
140. 2 made by hydrothermal growth. Chem. Mater. 16 (2004), 477–485.
141. [141] Tsuchiya, M., Lai, B.-K., Ramanathan, S., Scalable nanostructured membranes for solid-oxide fuel cells. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 (2011), 282–286.
142. [142] Fabbri, E., Bi, L., Pergolesi, D., Traversa, E., Towards the next generation of solid oxide fuel cells operating below 600 °C with chemically stable proton-conducting electrolytes. Adv. Mater. 24 (2012), 195–208.
143. 2/Mo(112). ChemPhysChem 9 (2008), 1367–1370.
144. [144] Wachsman, E.D., Lee, K.T., Lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells. Science 334 (2011), 935–939.
145. [145] Shim, J.H., et al. Intermediate-temperature ceramic fuel cells with thin film yttrium-doped barium zirconate electrolytes. Chem. Mater. 21 (2009), 3290–3296.
146. 3 cathodes and yttria-doped zirconia electrolyte films. J. Power Sources 186 (2009), 252–260.
147. 3. Nat. Mater. 6 (2007), 129–134.
148. [148] Hicks, L.D., Dresselhaus, M.S., Effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit. Phys. Rev. B 47 (1993), 12727–12731.
149. [149] Koumoto, K., Wang, Y., Zhang, R., Kosuga, A., Funahashi, R., Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 40 (2010), 363–394.
150. [150] He, J., Liu, Y., Funahashi, R., Oxide thermoelectrics: the challenges, progress, and outlook. J. Mater. Res. 26 (2011), 1762–1772.
151. [151] Blonsky, M.N., Zhuang, H.L., Singh, A.K., Hennig, R.G., Ab initio prediction of piezoelectricity in two-dimensional materials. ACS Nano 9 (2015), 9885–9891.
152. [152] Zhou, M., Lou, X.W., Xie, Y., Two-dimensional nanosheets for photoelectrochemical water splitting: possibilities and opportunities. Nano Today 8 (2013), 598–618.
153. 7 nanosheets originating from band gap narrowing. Nano Res. 5 (2012), 213–221.
154. [154] Choi, K.-S., Shape effect and shape control of polycrystalline semiconductor electrodes for use in photoelectrochemical cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 (2010), 2244–2250.
155. 2 surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998), 3216–3226.
156. [156] Zhou, M., et al. Rational design of the nanowall photoelectrode for efficient solar water splitting. Chem. Commun. 48 (2012), 3439–3441.
157. 2/Au as a plasmonic coupling photocatalyst. J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012), 6490–6494.
158. [158] Spurgeon, J.M., Atwater, H.A., Lewis, N.S., A comparison between the behavior of nanorod array and planar Cd(Se,Te) photoelectrodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008), 6186–6193.
159. [159] Cook, T.R., et al. Solar energy supply and storage for the legacy and nonlegacy worlds. Chem. Rev. 110 (2010), 6474–6502.
160. 4 photoelectrode decorated with Co-Pi catalysts. ChemSusChem 5 (2012), 1420–1425.
161. 4@Fe core@shell, and ZnO nanoparticles: synthesis and excellent electromagnetic absorption properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012), 6436–6442.
162. 2 nanosheets for malachite green degradation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 134 (2014), 26–36.
163. 4 deep oxidation. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 507 (2015), 109–118.
164. 4 nanoparticles for photocatalytic dye degradation. Appl. Mater. Today 1 (2015), 67–73.
165. 7.7−δ for the hydrogen evolution reaction: beyond van der Waals heterostructures. ChemPhysChem 16 (2015), 769–774.
166. 9 as a new class of chalcogenide materials for hydrogen evolution. Chem. Mater. 26 (2014), 4130–4136.
167. [167] Lim, C.S., et al. Layered transition metal oxyhydroxides as tri-functional electrocatalysts. J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015), 11920–11929.
168. [168] Lim, C.S., et al. High temperature superconducting materials as bi-functional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction. J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015), 8346–8352.
169. [169] Toh, R.J., Sofer, Z., Pumera, M., Transition metal oxides for the oxygen reduction reaction: influence of the oxidation states of the metal and its position on the periodic table. ChemPhysChem 16 (2015), 3527–3531.
170. 2 into hydrocarbon fuels under visible light. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012), 3372–3377.
171. [171] Trasatti, S., Electrocatalysis in the anodic evolution of oxygen and chlorine. Electrochim. Acta 29 (1984), 1503–1512.
172. [172] Lu, Y., et al. Facile synthesis of graphene-like copper oxide nanofilms with enhanced electrochemical and photocatalytic properties in energy and environmental applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015), 9682–9690.
173. [173] Wang, C., Yin, L., Zhang, L., Xiang, D., Gao, R., Metal oxide gas sensors: sensitivity and influencing factors. Sensors 10 (2010), 2088–2106.
174. 2 gas sensing. Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 192 (2014), 196–204.
175. 5 films. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015), 4751–4758.
176. [176] Breedon, M., et al. Synthesis of nanostructured tungsten oxide thin films: a simple, controllable, inexpensive, aqueous sol–gel method. Cryst. Growth Des. 10 (2010), 430–439.
177. 2 electroreduction in alkaline medium. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37 (2012), 13611–13615.
178. [178] Alsaif, M.M.Y.A., et al. Substoichiometric two-dimensional molybdenum oxide flakes: a plasmonic gas sensing platform. Nanoscale 6 (2014), 12780–12791.
179. [179] Wang, Z., et al. Biological and environmental interactions of emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chem. Rev. 45 (2016), 1750–1780.
180. [180] Kalantar-zadeh, K., et al. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides in biosystems. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 (2015), 5086–5099.
181. [181] Anh Tran, T., Krishnamoorthy, K., Song, Y.W., Cho, S.K., Kim, S.J., Toxicity of nano molybdenum trioxide toward invasive breast cancer cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014), 2980–2986.
182. [182] Park, M., et al. Large-scale synthesis of ultrathin manganese oxide nanoplates and their applications to T1 MRI contrast agents. Chem. Mater. 23 (2011), 3318–3324.
183. 2 nanosheets: in vivo toxicity investigation. RSC Adv. 4 (2014), 42598–42603.
184. [184] Macher, T., et al. Ultrathin iron oxide nanowhiskers as positive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 (2015), 490–494.
185. 2 nanosheet – aptamer nanoprobe. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 (2014), 11220–11223.
186. [186] Hao, Y., et al. Multifunctional nanosheets based on folic acid modified manganese oxide for tumor-targeting theranostic application. Nanotechnology, 27, 2016, 025101.
187. 2 nanosystem for efficient gene silencing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 (2015), 4801–4805.
188. [188] Meng, H.-M., et al. Multiple functional nanoprobe for contrast-enhanced bimodal cellular imaging and targeted therapy. Anal. Chem. 87 (2015), 4448–4454.
189. 2-phenol formaldehyde resin nanocomposite. Biosens. Bioelectron. 77 (2016), 299–305.
190. 2 nanosheets promotes ultrasensitive pH-triggered theranostics of cancer. Adv. Mater. 26 (2014), 7019–7026.
191. 2 for drug release from mesoporous silica nanoparticles to cancer cells. Part. Part. Syst. Char. 32 (2015), 205–212.
192. [192] Song, G., et al. Degradable molybdenum oxide nanosheets with rapid clearance and efficient tumor homing capabilities as a therapeutic nanoplatform. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55 (2016), 2122–2126.
193. [193] Liu, Z., et al. Single-layer tungsten oxide as intelligent photo-responsive nanoagents for permanent male sterilization. Biomaterials 69 (2015), 56–64.
194. 2 nanosheet architecture for glutathione sensing in human whole blood samples. Chem. Commun. 51 (2015), 12748–12751.
195. [195] He, D., et al. Nanometer-sized manganese oxide-quenched fluorescent oligonucleotides: an effective sensing platform for probing biomolecular interactions. Chem. Commun. 50 (2014), 11049–11052.
196. 2-modified persistent luminescence nanoparticles for detection and imaging of glutathione in living cells and in vivo. Chem. Eur. J. 20 (2014), 16488–16491.
197. 2 nanosheets as a platform for live cell microRNA sensing. RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 104245–104249.
198. 2 and glucose in blood. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015), 10548–10555.
199. 2 nanosheet as a label-free nanoplatform for homogeneous biosensing. Chem. Commun. 50 (2014), 1095–1097.
200. 2 nanosheets suppressed fluorescence of 7-hydroxycoumarin: mechanistic study and application for sensitive sensing of ascorbic acid in vivo. Anal. Chem. 86 (2014), 12206–12213.
201. 2 nanoflakes for applications in biological systems. Nano Lett. 14 (2014), 857–863.
202. 3 nanosheets for highly sensitive SERS detection through nanoshell-isolated electromagnetic enhancement. Chem. Commun. 52 (2016), 2893–2896.
203. [203] Solanki, P.R., Kaushik, A., Agrawal, V.V., Malhotra, B.D., Nanostructured metal oxide-based biosensors. NPG Asia Mater. 3 (2011), 17–24.
204. [204] Li, R., et al. Ionic liquid precursor-based synthesis of CuO nanoplates for gas sensing and amperometric sensing applications. Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 168 (2012), 156–164.
205. [205] Sun, S., Sun, Y., Chen, A., Zhang, X., Yang, Z., Nanoporous copper oxide ribbon assembly of free-standing nanoneedles as biosensors for glucose. Analyst 140 (2015), 5205–5215.
206. [206] Vabbina, P.K., Kaushik, A., Pokhrel, N., Bhansali, S., Pala, N., Electrochemical cortisol immunosensors based on sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide 1D nanorods and 2D nanoflakes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 63 (2015), 124–130.
207. 3 nanoparticles for biosensing applications. Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 223 (2016), 186–194.
208. [208] How, G.T.S., Pandikumar, A., Ming, H.N., Ngee, L.H., Highly exposed {001} facets of titanium dioxide modified with reduced graphene oxide for dopamine sensing. Sci. Rep., 4, 2014, 5044.
209. 3. ACS Nano 7 (2013), 9753–9760.
210. [210] Okamoto, S., Millis, A.J., Electronic reconstruction at an interface between a Mott insulator and a band insulator. Nature 428 (2004), 630–633.
211. 3 heterostructures: origin, dimensionality, and perspectives. Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, 2007, 216803.
212. n superlattices. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 2008, 117208.
213. 3 phototransistors for ultrahigh responsivity and photosensitivity photodetector applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016), 4894–4902.
214. 2 nanowire field-effect transistors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 (2011), 474–479.
215. [215] Shi, Y., et al. Ultrarapid sonochemical synthesis of ZnO hierarchical structures: from fundamental research to high efficiencies up to 6.42% for quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Mater. 25 (2013), 1000–1012.
216. 2 nanoparticles in dielectric hosts show much improved luminous transmittance and solar energy transmittance modulation. J. Appl. Phys., 108, 2010, 063525.
217. [217] He, X.-P., Tian, H., Photoluminescence architectures for disease diagnosis: from graphene to thin-layer transition metal dichalcogenides and oxides. Small 12 (2016), 144–160.