메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 222, Issue , 2016, Pages 581-589

Potential beneficial effect of some adipokines positively correlated with the adipose tissue content on the cardiovascular system

Author keywords

Adipokines; Angiogenesis; Endothelial progenitor cells; Epicardial adipose tissue; Heart failure; Obesity paradox

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTOKINE; ADIPONECTIN; ANGIOPOIETIN RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2; APELIN; CHEMERIN; CTRP 3 PROTEIN; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1; INTERLEUKIN 8; LEPTIN; MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITION FACTOR; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN ALPHA; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN BETA; N(G),N(G) DIMETHYLARGININE; NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; NITRIC OXIDE; OMENTIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA COACTIVATOR 1ALPHA; PROGRANULIN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; STROMAL CELL DERIVED FACTOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN; VASPIN;

EID: 84982786854     PISSN: 01675273     EISSN: 18741754     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.054     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (152)
  • 1
    • 53549099661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: role of muscle reflexes
    • [1] Piepoli, M.F., Dimopoulos, K., Concu, A., Crisafulli, A., Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: role of muscle reflexes. Int. J. Cardiol. 130:1 (2008), 3–10.
    • (2008) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.130 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-10
    • Piepoli, M.F.1    Dimopoulos, K.2    Concu, A.3    Crisafulli, A.4
  • 2
    • 18244379073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineralocorticoid receptor is overexpressed in cardiomyocytes of patients with congestive heart failure
    • [2] Yoshida, M., Ma, J., Tomita, T., et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor is overexpressed in cardiomyocytes of patients with congestive heart failure. Congest. Heart Fail. 11 (2005), 12–16.
    • (2005) Congest. Heart Fail. , vol.11 , pp. 12-16
    • Yoshida, M.1    Ma, J.2    Tomita, T.3
  • 3
    • 80155188415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired natriuretic and renal endocrine response to acute volume expansion in pre-clinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction
    • [3] McKie, P.M., Schirger, J.A., Costello-Boerrigter, L.C., et al. Impaired natriuretic and renal endocrine response to acute volume expansion in pre-clinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 58(20), 2011, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.042.
    • (2011) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.58 , Issue.20
    • McKie, P.M.1    Schirger, J.A.2    Costello-Boerrigter, L.C.3
  • 4
    • 84897077731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of human heart failure: importance of skeletal muscle myopathy and reflexes
    • [4] Piepoli, M.F., Crisafulli, A., Pathophysiology of human heart failure: importance of skeletal muscle myopathy and reflexes. Exp. Physiol. 99 (2014), 609–615.
    • (2014) Exp. Physiol. , vol.99 , pp. 609-615
    • Piepoli, M.F.1    Crisafulli, A.2
  • 5
    • 84884910084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between measures of obesity and incident heart failure: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
    • [5] Ebong, I.A., Goff, D.C., Rodriguez, C.J., et al. The relationship between measures of obesity and incident heart failure: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21:9 (2013), 1915–1922.
    • (2013) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1915-1922
    • Ebong, I.A.1    Goff, D.C.2    Rodriguez, C.J.3
  • 6
    • 84864657351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance
    • [6] Pal, D., Dasgupta, S., Kundu, R., et al. Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance. Nat. Med. 18 (2012), 1279–1285.
    • (2012) Nat. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 1279-1285
    • Pal, D.1    Dasgupta, S.2    Kundu, R.3
  • 7
    • 84957053633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acids activate renin-angiotensin system in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through nuclear factor-kappa B pathway
    • [7] Sun, J., Luo, J., Ruan, Y., et al. Free fatty acids activate renin-angiotensin system in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. J. Diabetes Res., 2016, 2016, 1587594.
    • (2016) J. Diabetes Res. , vol.2016 , pp. 1587594
    • Sun, J.1    Luo, J.2    Ruan, Y.3
  • 8
    • 84966283575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic interactions between carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in obesity hypertension
    • (HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07232)
    • [8] Lohmeier, T.E., Iliescu, R., Tudorancea, I., et al. Chronic interactions between carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in obesity hypertension. Hypertension, 2016 (HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07232).
    • (2016) Hypertension
    • Lohmeier, T.E.1    Iliescu, R.2    Tudorancea, I.3
  • 9
    • 33845914986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease
    • [9] Van Gaal, L.F., Mertens, I.L., De Block, C.E., Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease. Nature 444 (2006), 875–880.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 875-880
    • Van Gaal, L.F.1    Mertens, I.L.2    De Block, C.E.3
  • 10
    • 84863559380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of obesity reduction on preservation of heart function and attenuation of left ventricular remodeling, oxidative stress and inflammation in obese mice
    • [10] Wang, H.-T., Liu, C.-F., Tsai, T.-H., et al. Effect of obesity reduction on preservation of heart function and attenuation of left ventricular remodeling, oxidative stress and inflammation in obese mice. J. Transl. Med., 10, 2012, 145.
    • (2012) J. Transl. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 145
    • Wang, H.-T.1    Liu, C.-F.2    Tsai, T.-H.3
  • 11
    • 84875921754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-induced obesity causes long QT and reduces transcription of voltage-gated potassium channels
    • [11] Huang, H., Amin, V., Gurin, M., et al. Diet-induced obesity causes long QT and reduces transcription of voltage-gated potassium channels. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 59 (2013), 151–158.
    • (2013) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. , vol.59 , pp. 151-158
    • Huang, H.1    Amin, V.2    Gurin, M.3
  • 12
    • 80053084035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of nonischemic sudden cardiac death in the current era
    • [12] Hookana, E., Juntilla, M.J., Puurunen, V.P., et al. Causes of nonischemic sudden cardiac death in the current era. Heart Rhythm. 8:10 (2011), 1570–1575.
    • (2011) Heart Rhythm. , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 1570-1575
    • Hookana, E.1    Juntilla, M.J.2    Puurunen, V.P.3
  • 14
    • 84877935534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure
    • [14] Lavie, C.L., Alpert, M.A., Arena, R., Mehra, M.R., Milani, R.V., Ventura, H.O., Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 1:2 (2013), 93–102.
    • (2013) JACC Heart Fail. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-102
    • Lavie, C.L.1    Alpert, M.A.2    Arena, R.3    Mehra, M.R.4    Milani, R.V.5    Ventura, H.O.6
  • 15
    • 0346463030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiponectin stimulates angiogenesis by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling in endothelial cells
    • [15] Ouchi, N., Kobayashi, H., Kihara, S., et al. Adiponectin stimulates angiogenesis by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling in endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279:2 (2004), 1304–1309.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , Issue.2 , pp. 1304-1309
    • Ouchi, N.1    Kobayashi, H.2    Kihara, S.3
  • 16
    • 84855264182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat-derived factor omentin stimulates endothelial cell function and ischemia-induced revascularization via endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism
    • [16] Maruyama, S., Shibata, R., Kikuchi, R., et al. Fat-derived factor omentin stimulates endothelial cell function and ischemia-induced revascularization via endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 287:1 (2012), 408–417.
    • (2012) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.287 , Issue.1 , pp. 408-417
    • Maruyama, S.1    Shibata, R.2    Kikuchi, R.3
  • 17
    • 0033515761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity
    • Apr 2
    • [17] Arita, Y., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257:1 (1999 Apr 2), 79–83.
    • (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.257 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-83
    • Arita, Y.1    Kihara, S.2    Ouchi, N.3
  • 18
    • 34249674520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omentin plasma levels and gene expression are decreased in obesity
    • Jun
    • [18] de Souza Batista, C.M., Yang, R.Z., Lee, M.J., et al. Omentin plasma levels and gene expression are decreased in obesity. Diabetes 56:6 (2007 Jun), 1655–1661.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 1655-1661
    • de Souza Batista, C.M.1    Yang, R.Z.2    Lee, M.J.3
  • 19
    • 84884869486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than a simple storage organ: adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease
    • Oct
    • [19] Rega-Kaun, G., Kaun, C., Wojta, J., More than a simple storage organ: adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease. Thromb. Haemost. 110:4 (Oct 2013), 641–650.
    • (2013) Thromb. Haemost. , vol.110 , Issue.4 , pp. 641-650
    • Rega-Kaun, G.1    Kaun, C.2    Wojta, J.3
  • 20
    • 84865004276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin promotes angiogenesis and reverses isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats: Role of iNOS and VEGF
    • Sep 15
    • [20] Zaitone, S.A., Abo-Gresha, N.M., Rosuvastatin promotes angiogenesis and reverses isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats: Role of iNOS and VEGF. European Journal of Pharmacology 691:1–3 (2012 Sep 15), 134–142.
    • (2012) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.691 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 134-142
    • Zaitone, S.A.1    Abo-Gresha, N.M.2
  • 21
    • 42149086469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance between Angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 is in favor of angiopoietin-2 in atherosclerotic plaques with high microvessel density
    • [21] Post, S., Peeters, W., Busser, E., et al. Balance between Angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 is in favor of angiopoietin-2 in atherosclerotic plaques with high microvessel density. J. Vasc. Res. 45 (2008), 244–250.
    • (2008) J. Vasc. Res. , vol.45 , pp. 244-250
    • Post, S.1    Peeters, W.2    Busser, E.3
  • 22
    • 0842287510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin receptor tie-2 levels in congestive heart failure
    • Feb 4
    • [22] Chong, A.Y., Caine, G.J., Freestone, B., Blann, A.D., Lip, G.Y., Plasma angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin receptor tie-2 levels in congestive heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43:3 (Feb 4 2004), 423–428.
    • (2004) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-428
    • Chong, A.Y.1    Caine, G.J.2    Freestone, B.3    Blann, A.D.4    Lip, G.Y.5
  • 23
    • 84873154212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of serum angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-2 to angiopoietin-1 ratio with heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • [23] Chen, S., Guo, L., Chen, B., Sun, L., Cui, M., Association of serum angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-2 to angiopoietin-1 ratio with heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Exp. Ther. Med. 5:3 (2013), 937–941.
    • (2013) Exp. Ther. Med. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 937-941
    • Chen, S.1    Guo, L.2    Chen, B.3    Sun, L.4    Cui, M.5
  • 24
    • 84945921245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum VEGF predicts worse clinical outcome of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention therapy
    • Oct 26
    • [24] Han, X., Liu, L., Niu, J., Yang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Serum VEGF predicts worse clinical outcome of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention therapy. Med. Sci. Monit. 21 (Oct 26 2015), 3247–3251.
    • (2015) Med. Sci. Monit. , vol.21 , pp. 3247-3251
    • Han, X.1    Liu, L.2    Niu, J.3    Yang, J.4    Zhang, Z.5    Zhang, Z.6
  • 26
    • 0032771096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the control of cardiac lipid metabolism
    • [26] Djouadi, F., Brandt, J., Weinheimer, C.J. et al., The role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the control of cardiac lipid metabolism. Prostagl Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 60 (1999), 339–343.
    • (1999) Prostagl Leukot Essent Fatty Acids , vol.60 , pp. 339-343
    • Djouadi, F.1    Brandt, J.2    Weinheimer, C.J.3
  • 27
    • 0029800177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression is downregulated in the failing heart
    • [27] Sack, M.N., Rader, T.A., Park, S., Bastin, J., McCune, S.A., Kelly, D.P., Fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression is downregulated in the failing heart. Circulation 94 (1996), 2837–2842.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2837-2842
    • Sack, M.N.1    Rader, T.A.2    Park, S.3    Bastin, J.4    McCune, S.A.5    Kelly, D.P.6
  • 28
    • 7744234747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramyocardial lipid accumulation in the failing human heart resembles the lipotoxic rat heart
    • [28] Sharma, S., Adrogue, J.V., Golfman, L., et al. Intramyocardial lipid accumulation in the failing human heart resembles the lipotoxic rat heart. FASEB J. 18:14 (2004), 1692–1700.
    • (2004) FASEB J. , vol.18 , Issue.14 , pp. 1692-1700
    • Sharma, S.1    Adrogue, J.V.2    Golfman, L.3
  • 29
    • 84911892265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceramide-mediated depression in cardiomyocyte contractility through PKC activation and modulation of myofilament protein phosphorylation
    • [29] Simon, J.N., Chowdhury, S.A.K., Warren, C.M., et al. Ceramide-mediated depression in cardiomyocyte contractility through PKC activation and modulation of myofilament protein phosphorylation. Basic Res. Cardiol., 109, 2014, 445.
    • (2014) Basic Res. Cardiol. , vol.109 , pp. 445
    • Simon, J.N.1    Chowdhury, S.A.K.2    Warren, C.M.3
  • 30
    • 79952175806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiomyocyte lipids impair β-adrenergic receptor function via PKC activation
    • [30] Drosatos, K., Bharadwaj, K.G., Lymperopoulos, A., et al. Cardiomyocyte lipids impair β-adrenergic receptor function via PKC activation. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 300:3 (2011), E489–E499.
    • (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.300 , Issue.3 , pp. E489-E499
    • Drosatos, K.1    Bharadwaj, K.G.2    Lymperopoulos, A.3
  • 31
    • 24344486460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oleate prevents palmitate-induced cytotoxic stress in cardiac myocytes
    • [31] Miller, T.A., LeBrasseur, N.K., Cote, G.M., et al. Oleate prevents palmitate-induced cytotoxic stress in cardiac myocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336 (2005), 309–315.
    • (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.336 , pp. 309-315
    • Miller, T.A.1    LeBrasseur, N.K.2    Cote, G.M.3
  • 32
    • 33845575826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum structure and integrity in lipotoxic cell death
    • [32] Borradaile, N.M., Han, X., Harp, J.D., et al. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum structure and integrity in lipotoxic cell death. J. Lipid Res. 47:12 (2006), 2726–2737.
    • (2006) J. Lipid Res. , vol.47 , Issue.12 , pp. 2726-2737
    • Borradaile, N.M.1    Han, X.2    Harp, J.D.3
  • 33
    • 84877580638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and metabolic implications of regional differences among fat depots
    • [33] Tchkonia, T., Thomou, T., Zhu, Y., et al. Mechanisms and metabolic implications of regional differences among fat depots. Cell Metab. 17:5 (2013), 644–656.
    • (2013) Cell Metab. , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 644-656
    • Tchkonia, T.1    Thomou, T.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 34
    • 0029120913 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of normal and excessive (cor adiposum) subepicardial adipose tissue, its clinical significance, and its effect on electrocardiographic QRS voltage
    • [34] Shirani, J., Berezowski, K., Roberts, W.C., Quantitative measurement of normal and excessive (cor adiposum) subepicardial adipose tissue, its clinical significance, and its effect on electrocardiographic QRS voltage. Am. J. Cardiol. 76:5 (1995), 414–418.
    • (1995) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 414-418
    • Shirani, J.1    Berezowski, K.2    Roberts, W.C.3
  • 35
    • 79960377550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat volume in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
    • [35] Khawaja, T., Greer, C., Chokshi, A., et al. Fat volume in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Am. J. Cardiol. 108:3 (2011), 397–401.
    • (2011) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.108 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-401
    • Khawaja, T.1    Greer, C.2    Chokshi, A.3
  • 36
    • 85042805111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial and perivascular adipose tissues and their influence on cardiovascular disease: basic mechanisms and clinical associations
    • e000582
    • [36] Fitzgibbons, T.P., Czech, M.P., Epicardial and perivascular adipose tissues and their influence on cardiovascular disease: basic mechanisms and clinical associations. J. Am. Heart Assoc., 3(2), 2014, e000582.
    • (2014) J. Am. Heart Assoc. , vol.3 , Issue.2
    • Fitzgibbons, T.P.1    Czech, M.P.2
  • 37
    • 69949110064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling protein-1 and related messenger ribonucleic acids in human epicardial and other adipose tissues: epicardial fat functioning as brown fat
    • [37] Sacks, H.S., Fain, J.N., Holman, B., et al. Uncoupling protein-1 and related messenger ribonucleic acids in human epicardial and other adipose tissues: epicardial fat functioning as brown fat. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94:9 (2009), 3611–3615.
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , Issue.9 , pp. 3611-3615
    • Sacks, H.S.1    Fain, J.N.2    Holman, B.3
  • 38
    • 0024820494 scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue in the mammalian heart and pericardium: structure, foetal development and biochemical properties
    • [38] Marchington, J.M., Mattacks, C.A., Pond, C.M., Adipose tissue in the mammalian heart and pericardium: structure, foetal development and biochemical properties. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 94:2 (1989), 225–232.
    • (1989) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-232
    • Marchington, J.M.1    Mattacks, C.A.2    Pond, C.M.3
  • 39
    • 84905737174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased myocardial dysfunction, dyssynchrony, and epicardial fat across the lifespan in healthy males
    • [39] Crendal, E., Dutheil, F., Naughton, G., et al. Increased myocardial dysfunction, dyssynchrony, and epicardial fat across the lifespan in healthy males. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 14, 2014, 95.
    • (2014) BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. , vol.14 , pp. 95
    • Crendal, E.1    Dutheil, F.2    Naughton, G.3
  • 40
    • 84864414070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial fat and its association with cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional observational study
    • [40] Mookadam, F., Goel, R., Alharthi, M.S., et al. Epicardial fat and its association with cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional observational study. Heart Views 11:3 (2010), 103–108.
    • (2010) Heart Views , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 103-108
    • Mookadam, F.1    Goel, R.2    Alharthi, M.S.3
  • 41
    • 70349876452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased epicardial fat volume quantified by 64-multidetector computed tomography is associated with coronary atherosclerosis and totally occlusive lesions
    • [41] Ueno, K., Anzai, T., Jinzaki, M., et al. Increased epicardial fat volume quantified by 64-multidetector computed tomography is associated with coronary atherosclerosis and totally occlusive lesions. Circ. J. 73:10 (2009), 1927–1933.
    • (2009) Circ. J. , vol.73 , Issue.10 , pp. 1927-1933
    • Ueno, K.1    Anzai, T.2    Jinzaki, M.3
  • 42
    • 61649100311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial adipose tissue thickness by echocardiography is a marker for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease
    • [42] Eroglu, S., Sade, L.E., Yildirir, A., et al. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness by echocardiography is a marker for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 19:3 (2009), 211–217.
    • (2009) Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-217
    • Eroglu, S.1    Sade, L.E.2    Yildirir, A.3
  • 43
    • 0031019745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis
    • [43] Asahara, T., Murohara, T., Sullivan, A., et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science 275:5302 (1997), 964–967.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , Issue.5302 , pp. 964-967
    • Asahara, T.1    Murohara, T.2    Sullivan, A.3
  • 44
    • 10744228523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration
    • [44] Beltrami, A.P., Barlucchi, L., Torella, D., et al. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell 114:6 (2003), 763–776.
    • (2003) Cell , vol.114 , Issue.6 , pp. 763-776
    • Beltrami, A.P.1    Barlucchi, L.2    Torella, D.3
  • 46
    • 0032493368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
    • 2-dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Biol. Sci. Biochem. 95:14 (1998), 7987–7992.
    • (1998) Biol. Sci. Biochem. , vol.95 , Issue.14 , pp. 7987-7992
    • Huang, L.E.1    Gu, J.2    Schau, M.3    Bunn, H.F.4
  • 47
    • 0037097861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FIH-1 is an asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme that regulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor
    • [47] Lando, D., Peet, D.J., Gorman, J.J., et al. FIH-1 is an asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme that regulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor. Genes Dev. 16:12 (2002), 1466–1471.
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 1466-1471
    • Lando, D.1    Peet, D.J.2    Gorman, J.J.3
  • 48
    • 0026485002 scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis
    • (29)
    • [48] Shweiki, D., Itin, A., Soffer, D., Keshet, E., Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature 359:6398 (29 1992), 843–845.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , Issue.6398 , pp. 843-845
    • Shweiki, D.1    Itin, A.2    Soffer, D.3    Keshet, E.4
  • 49
    • 4043184065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF-1 induction of SDF-1
    • [49] Ceradini, D.J., Kulkarni, A.R., Callaghan, M.J., et al. Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF-1 induction of SDF-1. Nat. Med. 10 (2004), 858–864.
    • (2004) Nat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 858-864
    • Ceradini, D.J.1    Kulkarni, A.R.2    Callaghan, M.J.3
  • 50
    • 67651098992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor–2α (HIF-2α) alters vascular function and tumor angiogenesis
    • [50] Skuli, N., Liu, L., Runge, A., et al. Endothelial deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor–2α (HIF-2α) alters vascular function and tumor angiogenesis. Blood 114:2 (2009), 469–477.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , Issue.2 , pp. 469-477
    • Skuli, N.1    Liu, L.2    Runge, A.3
  • 51
    • 36049037185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiomyocyte GATA4 functions as a stress-responsive regulator of angiogenesis in the murine heart
    • [51] Heineke, J., Auger-Messier, M., Xu, J., et al. Cardiomyocyte GATA4 functions as a stress-responsive regulator of angiogenesis in the murine heart. J. Clin. Invest. 117:11 (2007), 3198–3210.
    • (2007) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.117 , Issue.11 , pp. 3198-3210
    • Heineke, J.1    Auger-Messier, M.2    Xu, J.3
  • 52
    • 4143136640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress
    • [52] Ferrara, N., Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr. Rev. 25 (2004), 581–611.
    • (2004) Endocr. Rev. , vol.25 , pp. 581-611
    • Ferrara, N.1
  • 53
    • 0032560058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiopoietin-1 induces sprouting angiogenesis in vitro
    • [53] Koblizek, T.I., Weiss, C., Yancopoulos, G.D., et al. Angiopoietin-1 induces sprouting angiogenesis in vitro. Curr. Biol. 8:9 (1998), 529–532.
    • (1998) Curr. Biol. , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 529-532
    • Koblizek, T.I.1    Weiss, C.2    Yancopoulos, G.D.3
  • 54
    • 18644382318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiopoietin-2 is required for postnatal angiogenesis and lymphatic patterning, and only the latter role is rescued by angiopoietin-1
    • [54] Gale, N.W., Thurston, G., Hackett, S.F., et al. Angiopoietin-2 is required for postnatal angiogenesis and lymphatic patterning, and only the latter role is rescued by angiopoietin-1. Dev. Cell 3:3 (2002), 411–423.
    • (2002) Dev. Cell , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-423
    • Gale, N.W.1    Thurston, G.2    Hackett, S.F.3
  • 55
    • 55849150964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity
    • [55] Murakami, M., Nguyen, L.T., Zhang, Z.W., et al. The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity. J. Clin. Invest. 118:10 (2008), 3355–3366.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , Issue.10 , pp. 3355-3366
    • Murakami, M.1    Nguyen, L.T.2    Zhang, Z.W.3
  • 56
    • 0035869241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous clustered neuropilin 1 enhances vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
    • [56] Yamada, Y., Takakura, N., Yasue, H., et al. Exogenous clustered neuropilin 1 enhances vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Blood 97:6 (2001), 1671–1678.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 1671-1678
    • Yamada, Y.1    Takakura, N.2    Yasue, H.3
  • 57
    • 77955977167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and specification by upregulating Dll4/notch signaling
    • [57] Corada, M., Nyqvist, D., Orsenigo, F., et al. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and specification by upregulating Dll4/notch signaling. Dev. Cell 18:6 (2010), 938–949.
    • (2010) Dev. Cell , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 938-949
    • Corada, M.1    Nyqvist, D.2    Orsenigo, F.3
  • 58
    • 66449123068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The notch ligands Dll4 and Jagged1 have opposing effects on angiogenesis
    • [58] Benedito, R., Roca, C., Sörensen, I., et al. The notch ligands Dll4 and Jagged1 have opposing effects on angiogenesis. Cell 137:61 (2009), 1124–1135.
    • (2009) Cell , vol.137 , Issue.61 , pp. 1124-1135
    • Benedito, R.1    Roca, C.2    Sörensen, I.3
  • 59
    • 58249094059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nrarp coordinates endothelial notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density in angiogenesis
    • [59] Phng, L.K., Potente, M., Leslie, J.D., et al. Nrarp coordinates endothelial notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density in angiogenesis. Dev. Cell 16:1 (2009), 70–82.
    • (2009) Dev. Cell , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-82
    • Phng, L.K.1    Potente, M.2    Leslie, J.D.3
  • 60
    • 84864292241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VEGFR2 induces c-Src signaling and vascular permeability in vivo via the adaptor protein TSAd
    • [60] Sun, Z., Li, X., Massena, S., et al. VEGFR2 induces c-Src signaling and vascular permeability in vivo via the adaptor protein TSAd. J. Exp. Med. 209 (2012), 1363–1377.
    • (2012) J. Exp. Med. , vol.209 , pp. 1363-1377
    • Sun, Z.1    Li, X.2    Massena, S.3
  • 61
    • 0037815292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VEGF guides angiogenic sprouting utilizing endothelial tip cell filopodia
    • [61] Gerhardt, H., Golding, M., Fruttiger, M., et al. VEGF guides angiogenic sprouting utilizing endothelial tip cell filopodia. J. Cell Biol. 161 (2003), 1163–1177.
    • (2003) J. Cell Biol. , vol.161 , pp. 1163-1177
    • Gerhardt, H.1    Golding, M.2    Fruttiger, M.3
  • 62
    • 33847046849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis
    • [62] Hellström, M., Phng, L.-K., Hofmann, J.J., et al. Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis. Nature 445 (2007), 776–780.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 776-780
    • Hellström, M.1    Phng, L.-K.2    Hofmann, J.J.3
  • 63
    • 0037108152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially restricted patterning cues provided by heparin-binding VEGF-A control blood vessel branching morphogenesis
    • [63] Ruhrberg, C., Gerhardt, H., Golding, M., et al. Spatially restricted patterning cues provided by heparin-binding VEGF-A control blood vessel branching morphogenesis. Genes Dev. 16 (2002), 2684–2698.
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 2684-2698
    • Ruhrberg, C.1    Gerhardt, H.2    Golding, M.3
  • 64
    • 0005911475 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell-derived basic fibroblast growth factor: synthesis and deposition into subendothelial extracellular matrix
    • [64] Vlodavsky, I., Folkman, J., Sullivan, R., et al. Endothelial cell-derived basic fibroblast growth factor: synthesis and deposition into subendothelial extracellular matrix. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84:8 (1987), 2292–2296.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.84 , Issue.8 , pp. 2292-2296
    • Vlodavsky, I.1    Folkman, J.2    Sullivan, R.3
  • 65
    • 84861820220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiopoietin-2 differentially regulates angiogenesis through TIE2 and integrin signaling
    • [65] Felcht, M., Luck, R., Schering, A., et al. Angiopoietin-2 differentially regulates angiogenesis through TIE2 and integrin signaling. J. Clin. Invest. 122:6 (2012), 1991–2005.
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , Issue.6 , pp. 1991-2005
    • Felcht, M.1    Luck, R.2    Schering, A.3
  • 66
    • 70349997561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of vascular lumen formation in the developing mouse aorta
    • [66] Strilić, B., Kučera, T., Eglinger, J., et al. The molecular basis of vascular lumen formation in the developing mouse aorta. Dev. Cell 17:4 (2009), 505–515.
    • (2009) Dev. Cell , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 505-515
    • Strilić, B.1    Kučera, T.2    Eglinger, J.3
  • 67
    • 84912534207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal Flt1 tyrosine kinase activity is a positive regulator of endothelial survival and vascularization during zebrafish embryogenesis
    • [67] Li, S., Zhou, X.L., Dang, Y.Y., et al. Basal Flt1 tyrosine kinase activity is a positive regulator of endothelial survival and vascularization during zebrafish embryogenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1850:2 (2015), 373–384.
    • (2015) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. , vol.1850 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-384
    • Li, S.1    Zhou, X.L.2    Dang, Y.Y.3
  • 68
    • 55849150964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity
    • (Erratum in: J Clin Invest 2009 Jul;119(7):2113. Zhang, Zhen W [corrected to Zhuang, Zhen W])
    • [68] Murakami, M., Nguyen, L.T., Zhuang, Z.W., et al. The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity. J. Clin. Invest. 118:10 (2008), 3355–3366 (Erratum in: J Clin Invest 2009 Jul;119(7):2113. Zhang, Zhen W [corrected to Zhuang, Zhen W]).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , Issue.10 , pp. 3355-3366
    • Murakami, M.1    Nguyen, L.T.2    Zhuang, Z.W.3
  • 69
    • 43049116513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiopoietins assemble distinct Tie2 signalling complexes in endothelial cell–cell and cell-matrix contacts
    • [69] Saharinen, P., Eklund, L., Miettinen, J., et al. Angiopoietins assemble distinct Tie2 signalling complexes in endothelial cell–cell and cell-matrix contacts. Nat. Cell Biol. 10:5 (2008), 527–537.
    • (2008) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 527-537
    • Saharinen, P.1    Eklund, L.2    Miettinen, J.3
  • 70
    • 0032768156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta in recruitment of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes during embryonic blood vessel formation in the mouse
    • [70] Hellstrom, M., Kalen, M., Lindahl, P., Abramsson, A., Betsholtz, C., Role of PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta in recruitment of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes during embryonic blood vessel formation in the mouse. Development 126 (1999), 3047–3055.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 3047-3055
    • Hellstrom, M.1    Kalen, M.2    Lindahl, P.3    Abramsson, A.4    Betsholtz, C.5
  • 71
    • 53749096012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in left ventricular remodeling by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer AVE9488 after experimental myocardial infarction
    • (19)
    • [71] Fraccarollo, D., Widder, J.D., Galuppo, P., et al. Improvement in left ventricular remodeling by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer AVE9488 after experimental myocardial infarction. Circulation 118:8 (19 2008), 818–827.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , Issue.8 , pp. 818-827
    • Fraccarollo, D.1    Widder, J.D.2    Galuppo, P.3
  • 72
    • 84869890292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential roles of angiogenic chemokines in endothelial progenitor cell-induced angiogenesis
    • [72] Kanzler, I., Tuchscheerer, N., Steffens, G., et al. Differential roles of angiogenic chemokines in endothelial progenitor cell-induced angiogenesis. Basic Res. Cardiol., 108(1), 2013, 310.
    • (2013) Basic Res. Cardiol. , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 310
    • Kanzler, I.1    Tuchscheerer, N.2    Steffens, G.3
  • 73
    • 82755166899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammation: from biomarker to therapeutic agent
    • [73] Grisar, J.C., Haddad, F., Gomari, F.A., Wu, J.C., Endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammation: from biomarker to therapeutic agent. Biomark. Med 5:6 (2011), 731–744.
    • (2011) Biomark. Med , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 731-744
    • Grisar, J.C.1    Haddad, F.2    Gomari, F.A.3    Wu, J.C.4
  • 74
    • 84862331842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The renin–angiotensin system, bone marrow and progenitor cells
    • [74] Durik, M., Sevá Pessôa, B., Roks, A.J.M., The renin–angiotensin system, bone marrow and progenitor cells. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 123 (2012), 205–223.
    • (2012) Clin. Sci. (Lond.) , vol.123 , pp. 205-223
    • Durik, M.1    Sevá Pessôa, B.2    Roks, A.J.M.3
  • 75
    • 84899683927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between endothelial progenitor cell populations and epicardial and microvascular coronary disease—a cellular, angiographic and physiologic study. Germain S, ed.
    • e93980
    • [75] Chan, KH, Simpson, P.J.L., Yong, A.S., et al. The relationship between endothelial progenitor cell populations and epicardial and microvascular coronary disease—a cellular, angiographic and physiologic study. Germain S, ed. PLoS ONE, 9(4), 2014, e93980.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , Issue.4
    • Chan, K.H.1    Simpson, P.J.L.2    Yong, A.S.3
  • 76
    • 0032552988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor
    • [76] Tatemoto, K., Hosoya, M., Habata, Y., et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:(2) 20 (1998), 471–476.
    • (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.251 , Issue.2-20 , pp. 471-476
    • Tatemoto, K.1    Hosoya, M.2    Habata, Y.3
  • 77
    • 50349086725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular effects of apelin in vivo in man
    • [77] Japp, A.G., Cruden, N.L., Amer, D.A.B., et al. Vascular effects of apelin in vivo in man. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52:11 (2008), 908–913.
    • (2008) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.52 , Issue.11 , pp. 908-913
    • Japp, A.G.1    Cruden, N.L.2    Amer, D.A.B.3
  • 78
    • 77951768113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cardiovascular effects of apelin in humans: potential role in patients with chronic heart failure
    • [78] Japp, A.G., Cruden, N.L., Barnes, G., et al. Acute cardiovascular effects of apelin in humans: potential role in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 121 (2010), 1818–1827.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 1818-1827
    • Japp, A.G.1    Cruden, N.L.2    Barnes, G.3
  • 79
    • 0037032005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility
    • [79] Szokodi, I., Tavi, P., Földes, G., et al. Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility. Circ. Res. 91 (2002), 434–440.
    • (2002) Circ. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 434-440
    • Szokodi, I.1    Tavi, P.2    Földes, G.3
  • 80
    • 84922628200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition from metabolic adaptation to maladaptation of the heart in obesity: role of apelin
    • [80] Alfarano, C., Foussal, C., Lairez, O., et al. Transition from metabolic adaptation to maladaptation of the heart in obesity: role of apelin. Int. J. Obes. 39:2 (2015), 312–320.
    • (2015) Int. J. Obes. , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 312-320
    • Alfarano, C.1    Foussal, C.2    Lairez, O.3
  • 81
    • 84900800981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin-12 and its structural analog enhance antioxidant defense in experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
    • [81] Pisarenko, O.I., Lankin, V.Z., Konovalova, G.G., et al. Apelin-12 and its structural analog enhance antioxidant defense in experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 391:1 (2014), 241–250.
    • (2014) Mol. Cell. Biochem. , vol.391 , Issue.1 , pp. 241-250
    • Pisarenko, O.I.1    Lankin, V.Z.2    Konovalova, G.G.3
  • 82
    • 84865723579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin-13 increases myocardial progenitor cells and improves repair postmyocardial infarction
    • [82] Li, L., Zeng, H., Chen, J.-X., Apelin-13 increases myocardial progenitor cells and improves repair postmyocardial infarction. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 303:5 (2012), H605–H618.
    • (2012) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.303 , Issue.5 , pp. H605-H618
    • Li, L.1    Zeng, H.2    Chen, J.-X.3
  • 83
    • 84894047561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin gene therapy increases myocardial vascular density and ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via upregulation of sirtuin 3
    • [83] Zeng, H., He, X., Hou, X., et al. Apelin gene therapy increases myocardial vascular density and ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via upregulation of sirtuin 3. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 306:4 (2014), H585–H597.
    • (2014) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.306 , Issue.4 , pp. H585-H597
    • Zeng, H.1    He, X.2    Hou, X.3
  • 84
    • 84890090677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin is a positive regulator of ACE2 in failing hearts
    • [84] Sato, T., Suzuki, T., Watanabe, H., et al. Apelin is a positive regulator of ACE2 in failing hearts. J. Clin. Invest. 123:12 (2013), 5203–5211.
    • (2013) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.123 , Issue.12 , pp. 5203-5211
    • Sato, T.1    Suzuki, T.2    Watanabe, H.3
  • 85
    • 66149144223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin prevents aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting macrophage inflammation
    • [85] Leeper, N.J., Tedesco, M.M., Kojima, Y., et al. Apelin prevents aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting macrophage inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 296:5 (2009), 1329–1335.
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.296 , Issue.5 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Leeper, N.J.1    Tedesco, M.M.2    Kojima, Y.3
  • 86
    • 84943260528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway
    • 4
    • [86] Yao, F., Lv, Y.-C., Zhang, M., et al. Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 466:(4)4 (2015), 637–643.
    • (2015) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.466 , Issue.4 , pp. 637-643
    • Yao, F.1    Lv, Y.-C.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 87
    • 33744816839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of the novel peptide apelin are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure
    • [87] Chong, K.S., Gardner, R.S., Morton, J.J., Ashley, E.A., McDonagh, T.A., Plasma concentrations of the novel peptide apelin are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 8 (2006), 355–360.
    • (2006) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.8 , pp. 355-360
    • Chong, K.S.1    Gardner, R.S.2    Morton, J.J.3    Ashley, E.A.4    McDonagh, T.A.5
  • 88
    • 80053107843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaspin protects vascular endothelial cells against free fatty acid-induced apoptosis through aphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway
    • 413
    • [88] Jung, C.H., Lee, W.J., Hwang, J.Y., et al. Vaspin protects vascular endothelial cells against free fatty acid-induced apoptosis through aphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23:413(2) (2011), 264–269.
    • (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-269
    • Jung, C.H.1    Lee, W.J.2    Hwang, J.Y.3
  • 89
    • 84893647250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaspin inhibits cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression via AMP-activated protein kinase activation in vascular endothelial cells
    • [89] Jung, C.H., Lee, M.J., Kang, Y.M., et al. Vaspin inhibits cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression via AMP-activated protein kinase activation in vascular endothelial cells. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 13, 2014, 41.
    • (2014) Cardiovasc. Diabetol. , vol.13 , pp. 41
    • Jung, C.H.1    Lee, M.J.2    Kang, Y.M.3
  • 90
    • 84923093958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaspin alleviates dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells induced by high glucose via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway
    • [90] Sun, N., Wang, H., Wang, L., Vaspin alleviates dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells induced by high glucose via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 8:1 (2015), 482–489.
    • (2015) Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 482-489
    • Sun, N.1    Wang, H.2    Wang, L.3
  • 91
    • 84871693810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaspin increases nitric oxide bioavailability through the reduction of asymmetric dimethylarginine in vascular endothelial cells
    • Grundmann S, ed e52346
    • [91] Jung, C.H., Lee, W.J., Hwang, J.Y., et al. Vaspin increases nitric oxide bioavailability through the reduction of asymmetric dimethylarginine in vascular endothelial cells. Grundmann S, ed PLoS ONE, 7(12), 2012, e52346.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , Issue.12
    • Jung, C.H.1    Lee, W.J.2    Hwang, J.Y.3
  • 92
    • 84884355814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma vaspin concentrations are decreased in acute coronary syndrome, but unchanged in patients without coronary lesions
    • [92] Zhang, B., Peng, W., Li, H., et al. Plasma vaspin concentrations are decreased in acute coronary syndrome, but unchanged in patients without coronary lesions. Clin. Biochem. 46:15 (2013), 1520–1525.
    • (2013) Clin. Biochem. , vol.46 , Issue.15 , pp. 1520-1525
    • Zhang, B.1    Peng, W.2    Li, H.3
  • 93
    • 84886270492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of progranulin exacerbates atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice
    • [93] Kawase, R., Ohama, T., Matsuyama, A., et al. Deletion of progranulin exacerbates atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Cardiovasc. Res. 100:1 (2013), 125–133.
    • (2013) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 125-133
    • Kawase, R.1    Ohama, T.2    Matsuyama, A.3
  • 94
    • 84884750961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progranulin protects vascular endothelium against atherosclerotic inflammatory reaction via Akt/eNOS and nuclear factor-κB pathways
    • Mohanraj R, ed e76679
    • [94] Hwang, H.-J., Jung, T.W., Hong, H.C., et al. Progranulin protects vascular endothelium against atherosclerotic inflammatory reaction via Akt/eNOS and nuclear factor-κB pathways. Mohanraj R, ed PLoS ONE, 8(9), 2013, e76679.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.9
    • Hwang, H.-J.1    Jung, T.W.2    Hong, H.C.3
  • 95
    • 79955477738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice
    • [95] Tang, W., Lu, Y., Tian, Q.-Y., et al. The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice. Science 332:6028 (2011), 478–484.
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , Issue.6028 , pp. 478-484
    • Tang, W.1    Lu, Y.2    Tian, Q.-Y.3
  • 96
    • 84855430348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue
    • [96] Matsubara, T., Mita, A., Minami, K., et al. PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue. Cell Metab. 15:1 (2012), 38–50.
    • (2012) Cell Metab. , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-50
    • Matsubara, T.1    Mita, A.2    Minami, K.3
  • 97
    • 46749083014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase enhance inflammation in mice by inactivating antiinflammatory progranulin
    • [97] Kessenbrock, K., Fröhlich, L., Sixt, M., et al. Proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase enhance inflammation in mice by inactivating antiinflammatory progranulin. J. Clin. Invest. 118:7 (2008), 2438–2447.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , Issue.7 , pp. 2438-2447
    • Kessenbrock, K.1    Fröhlich, L.2    Sixt, M.3
  • 98
    • 27144444137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemerin activation by serine proteases of the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory cascades
    • [98] Zabel, B.A., Allen, S.J., Kulig, P., et al. Chemerin activation by serine proteases of the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory cascades. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 2005, 34661-.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 34661-
    • Zabel, B.A.1    Allen, S.J.2    Kulig, P.3
  • 99
    • 84920850132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemerin is a novel biomarker of acute coronary syndrome but not of stable angina pectoris
    • [99] Ji, Q., Lin, Y., Liang, Z., et al. Chemerin is a novel biomarker of acute coronary syndrome but not of stable angina pectoris. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 13, 2014, 145.
    • (2014) Cardiovasc. Diabetol. , vol.13 , pp. 145
    • Ji, Q.1    Lin, Y.2    Liang, Z.3
  • 100
    • 79959718290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP channel opener iptakalim
    • ATP channel opener iptakalim. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 32:5 (2011), 573–580.
    • (2011) Acta Pharmacol. Sin. , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 573-580
    • Zhao, R.1    Wang, H.2
  • 101
    • 77952749129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemerin, a novel adipokine in the regulation of angiogenesis
    • [101] Bozaoglu, K., Curran, J.E., Stocker, C.J., et al. Chemerin, a novel adipokine in the regulation of angiogenesis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95:5 (2010), 2476–2485.
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 2476-2485
    • Bozaoglu, K.1    Curran, J.E.2    Stocker, C.J.3
  • 102
    • 42249083372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic chemerin-derived peptides suppress inflammation through ChemR23
    • [102] Cash, J.L., Hart, R., Russ, A., et al. Synthetic chemerin-derived peptides suppress inflammation through ChemR23. J. Exp. Med. 205:4 (2008), 767–775.
    • (2008) J. Exp. Med. , vol.205 , Issue.4 , pp. 767-775
    • Cash, J.L.1    Hart, R.2    Russ, A.3
  • 103
    • 58149315989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, biochemical and functional characterizations of C1q/TNF family members: adipose-tissue-selective expression patterns, regulation by PPAR-γ agonist, cysteine-mediated oligomerizations, combinatorial associations and metabolic functions
    • [103] Wong, G.W., Krawczyk, S.A., Kitidis-Mitrokostas, C., Revett, T., Gimeno, R., Lodish, H.F., Molecular, biochemical and functional characterizations of C1q/TNF family members: adipose-tissue-selective expression patterns, regulation by PPAR-γ agonist, cysteine-mediated oligomerizations, combinatorial associations and metabolic functions. Biochem. J. 416:2 (2008), 161–177.
    • (2008) Biochem. J. , vol.416 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-177
    • Wong, G.W.1    Krawczyk, S.A.2    Kitidis-Mitrokostas, C.3    Revett, T.4    Gimeno, R.5    Lodish, H.F.6
  • 104
    • 84863210727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C1q/TNF-related protein-3, a newly identified adipokine, is a novel anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, and cardioprotective molecule in the ischemic mouse heart
    • [104] Yi, W., Sun, Y., Yuan, Y., et al. C1q/TNF-related protein-3, a newly identified adipokine, is a novel anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, and cardioprotective molecule in the ischemic mouse heart. Circulation 125:25 (2012), 3159–3169.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , Issue.25 , pp. 3159-3169
    • Yi, W.1    Sun, Y.2    Yuan, Y.3
  • 105
    • 84885404787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visfatin as a novel mediator released by inflamed human endothelial cells
    • Song Q, ed e78283
    • [105] Romacho, T., Villalobos, L.A., Cercas, E., et al. Visfatin as a novel mediator released by inflamed human endothelial cells. Song Q, ed PLoS ONE, 8(10), 2013, e78283.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.10
    • Romacho, T.1    Villalobos, L.A.2    Cercas, E.3
  • 106
    • 84880154046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visfatin/Nampt: an adipokine with cardiovascular impact
    • [106] Romacho, T., Sánchez-Ferrer, C.F., Peiró, C., Visfatin/Nampt: an adipokine with cardiovascular impact. Mediat. Inflamm., 2013, 2013, 946427.
    • (2013) Mediat. Inflamm. , vol.2013 , pp. 946427
    • Romacho, T.1    Sánchez-Ferrer, C.F.2    Peiró, C.3
  • 107
    • 70149095672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase regulates cell survival through NAD + synthesis in cardiac myocytes
    • [107] Hsu, C.P., Oka, S., Shao, D., et al. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase regulates cell survival through NAD + synthesis in cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. 105:5 (2009), 481–491.
    • (2009) Circ. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.5 , pp. 481-491
    • Hsu, C.P.1    Oka, S.2    Shao, D.3
  • 108
    • 58449109119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perivascular adipose tissue-derived visfatin is a vascular smooth muscle cell growth factor: role of nicotinamide mononucleotide
    • [108] Wang, P., Xu, T.Y., Guan, Y.F., Su, D.F., Fan, G.R., Miao, C.Y., Perivascular adipose tissue-derived visfatin is a vascular smooth muscle cell growth factor: role of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Cardiovasc. Res. 81:2 (2009), 370–380.
    • (2009) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 370-380
    • Wang, P.1    Xu, T.Y.2    Guan, Y.F.3    Su, D.F.4    Fan, G.R.5    Miao, C.Y.6
  • 109
    • 33846527541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visfatin, an adipocytokine with proinflammatory and immunomodulating properties
    • [109] Moschen, A.R., Kaser, A., Enrich, B., et al. Visfatin, an adipocytokine with proinflammatory and immunomodulating properties. J. Immunol. 178 (2007), 1748–1758.
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.178 , pp. 1748-1758
    • Moschen, A.R.1    Kaser, A.2    Enrich, B.3
  • 110
    • 33847279330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of visfatin in macrophages of human unstable carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: possible role in inflammation and plaque destabilization
    • [110] Dahl, T.B., Yndestad, A., Skjelland, M., et al. Increased expression of visfatin in macrophages of human unstable carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: possible role in inflammation and plaque destabilization. Circulation 115:8 (2007), 972–980.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.8 , pp. 972-980
    • Dahl, T.B.1    Yndestad, A.2    Skjelland, M.3
  • 111
    • 67650327064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of plasma visfatin levels with inflammation, atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in humans
    • [111] Liu, S.W., Qiao, S.B., Yuan, J.S., Liu, D.Q., Association of plasma visfatin levels with inflammation, atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in humans. Clin. Endocrinol. 71:2 (2009), 202–207.
    • (2009) Clin. Endocrinol. , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-207
    • Liu, S.W.1    Qiao, S.B.2    Yuan, J.S.3    Liu, D.Q.4
  • 112
    • 79960115423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visfatin stimulates a cellular renin-angiotensin system in cultured rat mesangial cells
    • [112] Huang, Q., Guo, Y., Zeng, H., et al. Visfatin stimulates a cellular renin-angiotensin system in cultured rat mesangial cells. Endocr. Res. 36:3 (2011), 93–100.
    • (2011) Endocr. Res. , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 93-100
    • Huang, Q.1    Guo, Y.2    Zeng, H.3
  • 113
    • 66849111706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visfatin activates eNOS via Akt and MAP kinases and improves endothelial cell function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: translational implications for atherosclerosis
    • [113] Lovren, F., Pan, Y., Shukla, P.C., et al. Visfatin activates eNOS via Akt and MAP kinases and improves endothelial cell function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: translational implications for atherosclerosis. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296:6 (2009), E1440–E1449.
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.296 , Issue.6 , pp. E1440-E1449
    • Lovren, F.1    Pan, Y.2    Shukla, P.C.3
  • 114
    • 84862818538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of thromboxane synthase mediates visfatin-induced interleukin-8 expression and angiogenic activity in endothelial cells
    • 418
    • [114] Kim, S.R., Jung, Y.H., Park, H.J., et al. Upregulation of thromboxane synthase mediates visfatin-induced interleukin-8 expression and angiogenic activity in endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 24:418(4) (2012), 662–668.
    • (2012) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 662-668
    • Kim, S.R.1    Jung, Y.H.2    Park, H.J.3
  • 115
    • 42349084337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visfatin induces human endothelial VEGF and MMP-2/9 production via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways: novel insights into visfatin-induced angiogenesis
    • [115] Adya, R., Tan, B.K., Punn, A., et al. Visfatin induces human endothelial VEGF and MMP-2/9 production via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways: novel insights into visfatin-induced angiogenesis. Cardiovasc. Res. 78:2 (2008), 356–365.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 356-365
    • Adya, R.1    Tan, B.K.2    Punn, A.3
  • 116
    • 58149499166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 by visfatin that promotes endothelial angiogenesis
    • [116] Bae, Y.H., Bae, M.K., Kim, S.R., et al. Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 by visfatin that promotes endothelial angiogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 379:2 (2009), 206–211.
    • (2009) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.379 , Issue.2 , pp. 206-211
    • Bae, Y.H.1    Bae, M.K.2    Kim, S.R.3
  • 117
    • 49549089810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel adipocytokine visfatin exerts direct cardioprotective effects
    • [117] Lim, S.Y., Davidson, S.M., Paramanathan, A.J., et al. The novel adipocytokine visfatin exerts direct cardioprotective effects. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12:4 (2008), 1395–1403.
    • (2008) J. Cell. Mol. Med. , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 1395-1403
    • Lim, S.Y.1    Davidson, S.M.2    Paramanathan, A.J.3
  • 118
    • 0142248881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic inflammation, adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor, and leptin expression
    • [118] Bulló, M., García-Lorda, P., Megias, I., Salas-Salvadó, J., Systemic inflammation, adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor, and leptin expression. Obes. Res. 11 (2003), 525–531.
    • (2003) Obes. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 525-531
    • Bulló, M.1    García-Lorda, P.2    Megias, I.3    Salas-Salvadó, J.4
  • 119
    • 74849115195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin upregulates the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human vascular endothelial cells
    • [119] Singh, P., Peterson, T.E., Barber, K.R., et al. Leptin upregulates the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 392:1 (2010), 47–52.
    • (2010) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.392 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-52
    • Singh, P.1    Peterson, T.E.2    Barber, K.R.3
  • 120
    • 0032862037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction
    • [120] Söderberg, S., Ahrén, B., Jansson, J.H., et al. Leptin is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. J. Intern. Med. 246:4 (1999), 409–418.
    • (1999) J. Intern. Med. , vol.246 , Issue.4 , pp. 409-418
    • Söderberg, S.1    Ahrén, B.2    Jansson, J.H.3
  • 121
    • 0032999682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin induces oxidative stress in human endothelial cells
    • [121] Bouloumié, A., Marumo, T., Lafontan, M., et al. Leptin induces oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. FASEB J. 13:10 (1999), 1231–1238.
    • (1999) FASEB J. , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 1231-1238
    • Bouloumié, A.1    Marumo, T.2    Lafontan, M.3
  • 122
    • 0035973147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro
    • [122] Park, H.Y., Kwon, H.M., Lim, H.J., et al. Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro. Exp. Mol. Med. 30:33(2) (2001), 95–102.
    • (2001) Exp. Mol. Med. , vol.30-33 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-102
    • Park, H.Y.1    Kwon, H.M.2    Lim, H.J.3
  • 123
    • 13344295079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans
    • 334
    • [123] Considine, R.V., Sinha, M.K., Heiman, M.L., et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 1:334(5) (1996), 292–295.
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 292-295
    • Considine, R.V.1    Sinha, M.K.2    Heiman, M.L.3
  • 124
    • 77953670617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin signaling in the failing and mechanically unloaded human heart
    • [124] McGaffin, K.R., Moravec, C.S., McTiernan, C.F., Leptin signaling in the failing and mechanically unloaded human heart. Circ. Heart Fail. 2:6 (2009), 676–683.
    • (2009) Circ. Heart Fail. , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 676-683
    • McGaffin, K.R.1    Moravec, C.S.2    McTiernan, C.F.3
  • 125
    • 38849090085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin signalling reduces the severity of cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after chronic ischaemic injury
    • [125] McGaffin, K.R., Sun, C.K., Rager, J.J., et al. Leptin signalling reduces the severity of cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after chronic ischaemic injury. Cardiovasc. Res. 77:1 (2008), 54–63.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-63
    • McGaffin, K.R.1    Sun, C.K.2    Rager, J.J.3
  • 126
    • 0035933126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin induces vascular permeability and synergistically stimulates angiogenesis with FGF-2 and VEGF
    • [126] Cao, R., Brakenhielm, E., Wahlestedt, C., et al. Leptin induces vascular permeability and synergistically stimulates angiogenesis with FGF-2 and VEGF. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:11 (2001), 6390–6395.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.98 , Issue.11 , pp. 6390-6395
    • Cao, R.1    Brakenhielm, E.2    Wahlestedt, C.3
  • 127
    • 79955136974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 couples Cyclo-oxygenase-2 with pro-angiogenic actions of leptin on human endothelial cells
    • Agarwal S, ed e18823
    • [127] Garonna, E., Botham, K.M., Birdsey, G.M., Randi, A.M., Gonzalez-Perez, R.R., Wheeler-Jones, C.P.D., Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 couples Cyclo-oxygenase-2 with pro-angiogenic actions of leptin on human endothelial cells. Agarwal S, ed PLoS ONE, 6(4), 2011, e18823.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , Issue.4
    • Garonna, E.1    Botham, K.M.2    Birdsey, G.M.3    Randi, A.M.4    Gonzalez-Perez, R.R.5    Wheeler-Jones, C.P.D.6
  • 128
    • 84555177776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin promotes the mobilization of vascular progenitor cells and neovascularization by NOX2-mediated activation of MMP9
    • [128] Schroeter, M.R., Stein, S., Heida, N.M., et al. Leptin promotes the mobilization of vascular progenitor cells and neovascularization by NOX2-mediated activation of MMP9. Cardiovasc. Res. 93:1 (2012), 170–180.
    • (2012) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 170-180
    • Schroeter, M.R.1    Stein, S.2    Heida, N.M.3
  • 129
    • 0036091969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin effect on endothelial nitric oxide is mediated through Akt–endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation pathway
    • [129] Vecchione, C., Maffei, A., Colella, S., et al. Leptin effect on endothelial nitric oxide is mediated through Akt–endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation pathway. Diabetes 51:1 (2002), 168–173.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 168-173
    • Vecchione, C.1    Maffei, A.2    Colella, S.3
  • 130
    • 0037301213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin causes nitric-oxide independent coronary artery vasodilation in humans
    • [130] Matsuda, K., Teragawa, H., Fukuda, Y., et al. Leptin causes nitric-oxide independent coronary artery vasodilation in humans. Hypertens. Res. 26:2 (2003), 147–152.
    • (2003) Hypertens. Res. , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-152
    • Matsuda, K.1    Teragawa, H.2    Fukuda, Y.3
  • 131
    • 77954556398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin II through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms
    • [131] Rodríguez, A., Gómez-Ambrosi, J., Catalán, V., et al. Leptin inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin II through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Mediat. Inflamm., 2010, 2010, 105489.
    • (2010) Mediat. Inflamm. , vol.2010 , pp. 105489
    • Rodríguez, A.1    Gómez-Ambrosi, J.2    Catalán, V.3
  • 132
    • 0037119410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin activates cardiac fatty acid oxidation independent of changes in the AMP-activated protein kinase-acetyl-CoA carboxylase-malonyl-CoA axis
    • [132] Atkinson, L.L., Fischer, M.A., Lopaschuk, G.D., Leptin activates cardiac fatty acid oxidation independent of changes in the AMP-activated protein kinase-acetyl-CoA carboxylase-malonyl-CoA axis. J. Biol. Chem. 277:33 (2002), 29424–29430.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , Issue.33 , pp. 29424-29430
    • Atkinson, L.L.1    Fischer, M.A.2    Lopaschuk, G.D.3
  • 133
    • 0142025119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance induces hyperleptinemia, cardiac contractile dysfunction but not cardiac leptin resistance in ventricular myocytes
    • [133] Hintz, K.K., Aberle, N.S., Ren, J., Insulin resistance induces hyperleptinemia, cardiac contractile dysfunction but not cardiac leptin resistance in ventricular myocytes. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 27:10 (2003), 1196–1203.
    • (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1196-1203
    • Hintz, K.K.1    Aberle, N.S.2    Ren, J.3
  • 134
    • 0041857804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obesity-associated peptide leptin induces hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes
    • [134] Rajapurohitam, V., Gan, X.T., Kirshenbaum, L.A., Karmazyn, M., The obesity-associated peptide leptin induces hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Circ. Res. 93:4 (2003), 277–279.
    • (2003) Circ. Res. , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 277-279
    • Rajapurohitam, V.1    Gan, X.T.2    Kirshenbaum, L.A.3    Karmazyn, M.4
  • 135
    • 75149193488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin enhances the potency of circulating angiogenic cells via Src kinase and integrin αvβ5: implications for angiogenesis in human obesity
    • [135] Heida, N.-M., Leifheit-Nestler, M., Schroeter, M.R., et al. Leptin enhances the potency of circulating angiogenic cells via Src kinase and integrin αvβ5: implications for angiogenesis in human obesity. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30:2 (2010), 200–206.
    • (2010) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-206
    • Heida, N.-M.1    Leifheit-Nestler, M.2    Schroeter, M.R.3
  • 136
    • 0028968879 scopus 로고
    • The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss and relationship to lipoprotein lipase
    • [136] Kern, P.A., Saghizadeh, M., Ong, J.M., Bosch, R.J., Deem, R., Simsolo, R.B., The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J. Clin. Invest. 95:5 (1995), 2111–2119.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 2111-2119
    • Kern, P.A.1    Saghizadeh, M.2    Ong, J.M.3    Bosch, R.J.4    Deem, R.5    Simsolo, R.B.6
  • 137
    • 0023488583 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tumour necrosis factor and related cytokines on vascular endothelial cells
    • [137] Pober, J.S., Effects of tumour necrosis factor and related cytokines on vascular endothelial cells. CIBA Found. Symp. 131 (1987), 170–184.
    • (1987) CIBA Found. Symp. , vol.131 , pp. 170-184
    • Pober, J.S.1
  • 139
    • 0029007855 scopus 로고
    • The TNF receptor 1-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-κB activation
    • [139] Hsu, H., Xiong, J., Goeddel, D.V., The TNF receptor 1-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-κB activation. Cell 81:4 (1995), 495–504.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , Issue.4 , pp. 495-504
    • Hsu, H.1    Xiong, J.2    Goeddel, D.V.3
  • 140
    • 0029114596 scopus 로고
    • Two tumour necrosis factor receptors: structure and function
    • [140] Vandenabeele, P., Declercq, W., Beyaert, R., Fiers, W., Two tumour necrosis factor receptors: structure and function. Trends Cell Biol. 5:10 (1995), 392–399.
    • (1995) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 392-399
    • Vandenabeele, P.1    Declercq, W.2    Beyaert, R.3    Fiers, W.4
  • 141
    • 77953948950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial-specific transgenesis of TNFR2 promotes adaptive arteriogenesis and angiogenesis
    • [141] Luo, Y., Xu, Z., Wan, T., et al. Endothelial-specific transgenesis of TNFR2 promotes adaptive arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30:7 (2010), 1307–1314.
    • (2010) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 1307-1314
    • Luo, Y.1    Xu, Z.2    Wan, T.3
  • 142
    • 1942470419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 differentially regulate survival, cardiac dysfunction, and remodeling in transgenic mice with tumor necrosis factor-α–induced cardiomyopathy
    • [142] Higuchi, Y., McTiernan, C.F., Frye, C.B., McGowan, B.S., Chan, T.O., Feldman, A.M., Tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 differentially regulate survival, cardiac dysfunction, and remodeling in transgenic mice with tumor necrosis factor-α–induced cardiomyopathy. Circulation 109 (2004), 1892–1897.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1892-1897
    • Higuchi, Y.1    McTiernan, C.F.2    Frye, C.B.3    McGowan, B.S.4    Chan, T.O.5    Feldman, A.M.6
  • 143
    • 0033558334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes from aged humans: changes in TNF-alpha receptor expression and activation of caspases
    • (15)
    • [143] Aggarwal, S., Gollapudi, S., Gupta, S., Increased TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes from aged humans: changes in TNF-alpha receptor expression and activation of caspases. J. Immunol. 162:4 (15 1999), 2154–2161.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , Issue.4 , pp. 2154-2161
    • Aggarwal, S.1    Gollapudi, S.2    Gupta, S.3
  • 144
    • 84885088621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart disease
    • + cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart disease. Stem Cells 31:9 (2013), 1881–1892.
    • (2013) Stem Cells , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 1881-1892
    • Al-Lamki, R.S.1    Lu, W.2    Wang, J.3
  • 145
    • 0031877074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen peroxide induces tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated cardiac injury by a P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism
    • [145] Meldrum, D.R., Dinarello, C.A., Cleveland, J.C. Jr., et al. Hydrogen peroxide induces tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated cardiac injury by a P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. Surgery 124:2 (1998), 291–297.
    • (1998) Surgery , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-297
    • Meldrum, D.R.1    Dinarello, C.A.2    Cleveland, J.C.3
  • 146
    • 79959729256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue-derived soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is an obesity-relevant endogenous paracrine adipokine
    • [146] Herse, F., Fain, J.N., Janke, J., et al. Adipose tissue-derived soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is an obesity-relevant endogenous paracrine adipokine. Hypertension 58:1 (2011), 37–42.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-42
    • Herse, F.1    Fain, J.N.2    Janke, J.3
  • 147
    • 84937596909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, characterization, and first-in-human study of the vascular actions of a novel biased apelin receptor agonist
    • [147] Brame, A.L., Maguire, J.J., Yang, P., et al. Design, characterization, and first-in-human study of the vascular actions of a novel biased apelin receptor agonist. Hypertension 65:4 (2015), 834–840.
    • (2015) Hypertension , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 834-840
    • Brame, A.L.1    Maguire, J.J.2    Yang, P.3
  • 148
    • 77952296548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and pharmacological properties of E339-3D6, the first nonpeptidic apelin receptor agonist
    • [148] Iturrioz, X., Alvear-Perez, R., De Mota, N., et al. Identification and pharmacological properties of E339-3D6, the first nonpeptidic apelin receptor agonist. FASEB J. 24:5 (2010), 1506–1517.
    • (2010) FASEB J. , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 1506-1517
    • Iturrioz, X.1    Alvear-Perez, R.2    De Mota, N.3
  • 149
    • 84929378351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-infarct treatment with [Pyr1]apelin-13 improves myocardial function by increasing neovascularization and overexpression of angiogenic growth factors in rats
    • [149] Azizi, Y., Faghihi, M., Imani, A., et al. Post-infarct treatment with [Pyr1]apelin-13 improves myocardial function by increasing neovascularization and overexpression of angiogenic growth factors in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 15:761 (2015), 101–108.
    • (2015) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.15 , Issue.761 , pp. 101-108
    • Azizi, Y.1    Faghihi, M.2    Imani, A.3
  • 150
    • 84924742961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of crystalloid cardioplegic protection by structural analogs of apelin-12
    • [150] Pisarenko, O.I., Shulzhenko, V.S., Pelogeykina, Y.A., et al. Enhancement of crystalloid cardioplegic protection by structural analogs of apelin-12. J. Surg. Res. 194:1 (2015), 18–24.
    • (2015) J. Surg. Res. , vol.194 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-24
    • Pisarenko, O.I.1    Shulzhenko, V.S.2    Pelogeykina, Y.A.3
  • 151
    • 84898635936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progranulin-derived Atsttrin directly binds to TNFRSF25 (DR3) and inhibits TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) activity
    • Ryffel B, ed e92743
    • [151] Liu, C., Li, X.-X., Gao, W., et al. Progranulin-derived Atsttrin directly binds to TNFRSF25 (DR3) and inhibits TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) activity. Ryffel B, ed PloS ONE, 9(3), 2014, e92743.
    • (2014) PloS ONE , vol.9 , Issue.3
    • Liu, C.1    Li, X.-X.2    Gao, W.3
  • 152
    • 11144355760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted anticytokine therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL)
    • [152] Mann, D.L., McMurray, J.J.V., Packer, M., et al. Targeted anticytokine therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL). Circulation 109 (2004), 1594–1602.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1594-1602
    • Mann, D.L.1    McMurray, J.J.V.2    Packer, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.