Chronic heart failure and inflammation

Circulation Research

Volumn 119, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 159-176

  Dick, Sarah A ^a,c,d   Epelman, Slava ^a,b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

Author keywords

cardiomyopathies; cytokine; heart failure; immune system; inflammation

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (POTASSIUM SODIUM); ANGIOTENSIN II; AUTOANTIBODY; BETA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GALECTIN 3; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; MUSCARINIC M2 RECEPTOR; TROPONIN I; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; CYTOKINE;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANGIOGENESIS; AORTA CONSTRICTION; AUTOIMMUNITY; AUTOPHAGY; BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; BONE MARROW DERIVED MONONUCLEAR CELL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CELL TRANSDIFFERENTIATION; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE MYOCARDITIS; GENE FREQUENCY; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART INJURY; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEMODYNAMIC STRESS; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INNATE IMMUNITY; ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MYOCARDITIS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SPLEEN; TRANSVERSE AORTIC CONSTRICTION; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS MYOCARDITIS; ANIMAL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; CYTOKINES; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS;

EID: 84975887140     PISSN: 00097330     EISSN: 15244571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308030     Document Type: Review

References (167)

1. Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Alhabib KF, Coyne CB, Force T, Hu S, Jabagi H, Krum H, Rastrojo A, Rohde M, Samani NJ, Shimoni S, Sitnicka E, Sliwa K, Filippatos G, Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. European Society of Cardiology 2014 1 1 35
2. Francis GS, Neurohormonal control of heart failure. Cleve Clin J Med 2011 78 Suppl 1 S75 S79. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.78.s1.13
3. Drazner MH, The progression of hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2011 123 327 334. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.845792
4. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics-2014 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014 129 399 410. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000442015.53336.12
5. Torre-Amione G, Kapadia S, Lee J, Durand JB, Bies RD, Young JB, Mann DL, Tumor necrosis factor-Alpha and tumor necrosis factor receptors in the failing human heart. Circulation 1996 93 704 711
6. Vasan RS, Sullivan LM, Roubenoff R, Dinarello CA, Harris T, Benjamin EJ, Sawyer DB, Levy D, Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Framingham Heart Study Inflammatory markers and risk of heart failure in elderly subjects without prior myocardial infarction: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2003 107 1486 1491
7. Edelmann F, Holzendorf V, Wachter R, Galectin-3 in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the Aldo-DHF trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2015 17 214 223. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.203
8. Mann DL, Innate immunity and the failing heart: the cytokine hypothesis revisited. Circ Res 2015 116 1254 1268. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.302317
9. Surbatovic M, Popovic N, Vojvodic D, Milosevic I, Acimovic G, Stojicic M, Veljovic M, Jevdjic J, Djordjevic D, Radakovic S, Cytokine profile in severe Gram-positive and Gram-negative abdominal sepsis. Sci Rep 2015 5 11355. doi: 10.1038/srep11355
10. Mann DL, McMurray JJ, Packer M, Targeted anticytokine therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL). Circulation 2004 109 1594 1602. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000124490.27666.B2
11. Selaas O, Nordal HH, Halse AK, Brun JG, Jonsson R, Brokstad KA, Serum Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study of Patients Undergoing Infliximab Treatment. Int J Rheumatol 2015 2015 276815. doi: 10.1155/2015/276815
12. Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Greenberg BH, O'Connor CM, She L, Stough WG, Yancy CW, Young JB, Fonarow GC, OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. JAMA 2006 296 2217 2226. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.18.2217
13. West R, Liang L, Fonarow GC, Kociol R, Mills RM, O'Connor CM, Hernandez AF, Characterization of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: A comparison between ADHERE-US registry and ADHERE-International registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2011 13 945 952. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr064
14. Watkins H, Ashrafian H, Redwood C, Inherited cardiomyopathies. N Engl J Med 2011 364 1643 1656. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0902923
15. Maron BJ, Maron MS, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2013 381 242 255. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60397-3
16. Nonaka M, Morimoto S, Experimental models of inherited cardiomyopathy and its therapeutics. World J Cardiol 2014 6 1245 1251. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i12.1245
17. Epelman S, Liu PP, Mann DL, Role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in cardiac injury and repair. Nat Rev Immunol 2015 15 117 129. doi: 10.1038/nri3800
18. Cooper LT Jr, Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2009 360 1526 1538. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0800028
19. O'Connor CM, Stough WG, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M, Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: observations from the IMPACT-HF registry. J Card Fail 2005 11 200 205
20. Panizzi P, Swirski FK, Figueiredo JL, Waterman P, Sosnovik DE, Aikawa E, Libby P, Pittet M, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M, Impaired infarct healing in atherosclerotic mice with Ly-6C(hi) monocytosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 55 1629 1638. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.089
21. Tsujioka H, Imanishi T, Ikejima H, Impact of heterogeneity of human peripheral blood monocyte subsets on myocardial salvage in patients with primary acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 54 130 138. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.021
22. D'Elia E, Vaduganathan M, Gori M, Gavazzi A, Butler J, Senni M, Role of biomarkers in cardiac structure phenotyping in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: critical appraisal and practical use. Eur J Heart Fail 2015 17 1231 1239. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.430
23. Elamm C, Fairweather D, Cooper LT, Pathogenesis and diagnosis of myocarditis. Heart 2012 98 835 840. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301686
24. Mahfoud F, Gärtner B, Kindermann M, Ukena C, Gadomski K, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Böhm M, Kindermann I, Virus serology in patients with suspected myocarditis: utility or futility? Eur Heart J 2011 32 897 903. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq493
25. Kühl U, Pauschinger M, Seeberg B, Lassner D, Noutsias M, Poller W, Schultheiss HP, Viral persistence in the myocardium is associated with progressive cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 2005 112 1965 1970. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548156
26. Kühl U, Pauschinger M, Noutsias M, Seeberg B, Bock T, Lassner D, Poller W, Kandolf R, Schultheiss HP, High prevalence of viral genomes and multiple viral infections in the myocardium of adults with "idiopathic" left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 2005 111 887 893. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000155616.07901.35
27. Bock CT, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Human parvovirus B19-Associated myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2010 362 1248 1249. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc0911362
28. Dennert R, Crijns HJ, Heymans S, Acute viral myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2008 29 2073 2082. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn296
29. Kühl U, Noutsias M, Seeberg B, Schultheiss HP, Immunohistological evidence for a chronic intramyocardial inflammatory process in dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart 1996 75 295 300
30. Kühl U, Pauschinger M, Schwimmbeck PL, Seeberg B, Lober C, Noutsias M, Poller W, Schultheiss HP, Interferon-beta treatment eliminates cardiotropic viruses and improves left ventricular function in patients with myocardial persistence of viral genomes and left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 2003 107 2793 2798. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000072766.67150.51
31. Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, Ukena C, Lenski M, Yilmaz A, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U, Cooper LT, Böhm M, Update on myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012 59 779 792. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.074
32. Tschöpe C, Bock CT, Kasner M, Noutsias M, Westermann D, Schwimmbeck PL, Pauschinger M, Poller WC, Kühl U, Kandolf R, Schultheiss HP, High prevalence of cardiac parvovirus B19 infection in patients with isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Circulation 2005 111 879 886. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000155615.68924.B3
33. Lotze U, Egerer R, Glück B, Zell R, Sigusch H, Erhardt C, Heim A, Kandolf R, Bock T, Wutzler P, Figulla HR, Low level myocardial parvovirus B19 persistence is a frequent finding in patients with heart disease but unrelated to ongoing myocardial injury. J Med Virol 2010 82 1449 1457. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21821
34. Mason JW, O'Connell JB, Herskowitz A, Rose NR, McManus BM, Billingham ME, Moon TE, A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1995 333 269 275. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508033330501
35. Wojnicz R, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Wojciechowska C, Glanowska G, Wilczewski P, Niklewski T, Zembala M, Polonski L, Rozek MM, Wodniecki J, Randomized, placebo-controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: two-year follow-up results. Circulation 2001 104 39 45
36. Chen HS, Wang W, Wu SN, Liu JP, Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 10 CD004471. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004471.pub3
37. Sagar S, Liu PP, Cooper LT Jr, Myocarditis. Lancet 2012 379 738 747. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60648-X
38. Kaya Z, Leib C, Katus HA, Autoantibodies in heart failure and cardiac dysfunction. Circ Res 2012 110 145 158. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.243360
39. Holthoff HP, Zeibig S, Jahns-Boivin V, Bauer J, Lohse MJ, Kääb S, Clauss S, Jahns R, Schlipp A, Münch G, Ungerer M, Detection of anti-β1-AR autoantibodies in heart failure by a cell-based competition ELISA. Circ Res 2012 111 675 684. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.272682
40. Münch G, Boivin-Jahns V, Holthoff HP, Adler K, Lappo M, Truöl S, Degen H, Steiger N, Lohse MJ, Jahns R, Ungerer M, Administration of the cyclic peptide COR-1 in humans (phase I study): ex vivo measurements of anti-β1-Adrenergic receptor antibody neutralization and of immune parameters. Eur J Heart Fail 2012 14 1230 1239. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs118
41. Bozkurt B, Kribbs SB, Clubb FJ Jr, Michael LH, Didenko VV, Hornsby PJ, Seta Y, Oral H, Spinale FG, Mann DL, Pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-Alpha promote progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in rats. Circulation 1998 97 1382 1391
42. Diwan A, Dibbs Z, Nemoto S, DeFreitas G, Carabello BA, Sivasubramanian N, Wilson EM, Spinale FG, Mann DL, Targeted overexpression of noncleavable and secreted forms of tumor necrosis factor provokes disparate cardiac phenotypes. Circulation 2004 109 262 268. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109642.27985.FA
43. Flesch M, Höper A, Dell'Italia L, Evans K, Bond R, Peshock R, Diwan A, Brinsa TA, Wei CC, Sivasubramanian N, Spinale FG, Mann DL, Activation and functional significance of the renin-Angiotensin system in mice with cardiac restricted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor. Circulation 2003 108 598 604. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000081768.13378.BF
44. Deswal A, Bozkurt B, Seta Y, Parilti-Eiswirth S, Hayes FA, Blosch C, Mann DL, Safety and efficacy of a soluble P75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (Enbrel, etanercept) in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 1999 99 3224 3226
45. Bozkurt B, Torre-Amione G, Warren MS, Whitmore J, Soran OZ, Feldman AM, Mann DL, Results of targeted anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy with etanercept (ENBREL) in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 2001 103 1044 1047
46. Chung ES, Packer M, Lo KH, Fasanmade AA, Willerson JT, Anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure Investigators Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-Alpha, in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: results of the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure (ATTACH) trial. Circulation 2003 107 3133 3140. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000077913.60364.D2
47. Papathanasiou S, Rickelt S, Soriano ME, Schips TG, Maier HJ, Davos CH, Varela A, Kaklamanis L, Mann DL, Capetanaki Y, Tumor necrosis factor-α confers cardioprotection through ectopic expression of keratins K8 and K18. Nat Med 2015 21 1076 1084. doi: 10.1038/nm.3925
48. Yang KC, Ma X, Liu H, Murphy J, Barger PM, Mann DL, Diwan A, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-Associated factor 2 mediates mitochondrial autophagy. Circ Heart Fail 2015 8 175 187. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001635
49. Babaei S, Stewart DJ, Picard P, Monge JC, Effects of VasoCare therapy on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2002 162 45 53
50. Torre-Amione G, Anker SD, Bourge RC, Advanced Chronic Heart Failure CLinical Assessment of Immune Modulation Therapy Investigators Results of a non-specific immunomodulation therapy in chronic heart failure (ACCLAIM trial): A placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet 2008 371 228 236. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60134-8
51. Wan E, Yeap XY, Dehn S, Enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic cardiomyocytes through myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase links acute inflammation resolution to cardiac repair after infarction. Circ Res 2013 113 1004 1012. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301198
52. Thorp EB, Mechanisms of failed apoptotic cell clearance by phagocyte subsets in cardiovascular disease. Apoptosis 2010 15 1124 1136. doi: 10.1007/s10495-010-0516-6
53. Torre-Amione G, Sestier F, Radovancevic B, Young J, Effects of a novel immune modulation therapy in patients with advanced chronic heart failure: results of a randomized, controlled, phase II trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004 44 1181 1186. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.047
54. Champion S, Lapidus N, Cherié G, Spagnoli V, Oliary J, Solal AC, Pentoxifylline in heart failure: A meta-Analysis of clinical trials. Cardiovasc Ther 2014 32 159 162. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12076
55. McNamara DM, Holubkov R, Starling RC, Dec GW, Loh E, Torre-Amione G, Gass A, Janosko K, Tokarczyk T, Kessler P, Mann DL, Feldman AM, Controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2001 103 2254 2259
56. Gullestad L, Aass H, Fjeld JG, Wikeby L, Andreassen AK, Ihlen H, Simonsen S, Kjekshus J, Nitter-Hauge S, Ueland T, Lien E, Frøland SS, Aukrust P, Immunomodulating therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2001 103 220 225
57. Moreira DM, Vieira JL, Gottschall CA, The effects of METhotrexate therapy on the physical capacity of patients with ISchemic heart failure: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (METIS trial). J Card Fail 2009 15 828 834. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.06.439
58. Deftereos S, Giannopoulos G, Panagopoulou V, Anti-inflammatory treatment with colchicine in stable chronic heart failure: A prospective, randomized study. JACC Heart Fail 2014 2 131 137. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.11.006
59. Poglajen G, Vrtovec B, Stem cell therapy for chronic heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol 2015 30 301 310. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000167
60. Strauer BE, Yousef M, Schannwell CM, The acute and long-term effects of intracoronary Stem cell Transplantation in 191 patients with chronic heARt failure: the STAR-heart study. Eur J Heart Fail 2010 12 721 729. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq095
61. Garbern JC, Lee RT, Cardiac stem cell therapy and the promise of heart regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2013 12 689 698. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.008
62. De Couto G, Liu W, Tseliou E, Sun B, Makkar N, Kanazawa H, Arditi M, Marbán E, Macrophages mediate cardioprotective cellular postconditioning in acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 2015 125 3147 3162. doi: 10.1172/JCI81321
63. Patel AN, Henry TD, Quyyumi AA, Schaer GL, Anderson RD, Toma C, East C, Remmers AE, Goodrich J, Desai AS, Recker D, DeMaria AN, for the ixCELL-DCM Investigators Ixmyelocel-T for patients with ischaemic heart failure: A prospective randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2016. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30137-4
64. Burchfield JS, Iwasaki M, Koyanagi M, Urbich C, Rosenthal N, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S, Interleukin-10 from transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells contributes to cardiac protection after myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2008 103 203 211. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.178475
65. Aharinejad S, Abraham D, Paulus P, Zins K, Hofmann M, Michlits W, Gyöngyösi M, Macfelda K, Lucas T, Trescher K, Grimm M, Stanley ER, Colony-stimulating factor-1 transfection of myoblasts improves the repair of failing myocardium following autologous myoblast transplantation. Cardiovasc Res 2008 79 395 404. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvn097
66. Falkenham A, De Antueno R, Rosin N, Betsch D, Lee TD, Duncan R, Légaré JF, Nonclassical resident macrophages are important determinants in the development of myocardial fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2015 185 927 942. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.027
67. Kain D, Amit U, Yagil C, Landa N, Naftali-Shani N, Molotski N, Aviv V, Feinberg MS, Goitein O, Kushnir T, Konen E, Epstein FH, Yagil Y, Leor J, Macrophages dictate the progression and manifestation of hypertensive heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2016 203 381 395. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.126
68. Schilling JD, Machkovech HM, Kim AH, Schwendener R, Schwedwener R, Schaffer JE, Macrophages modulate cardiac function in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012 303 H1366 H1373. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00111.2012
69. Leuschner F, Courties G, Dutta P, Silencing of CCR2 in myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2015 36 1478 1488. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu225
70. Laroumanie F, Douin-Echinard V, Pozzo J, Lairez O, Tortosa F, Vinel C, Delage C, Calise D, Dutaur M, Parini A, Pizzinat N, CD4+ T cells promote the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure during chronic pressure overload. Circulation 2014 129 2111 2124. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007101
71. Baldeviano GC, Barin JG, Talor MV, Srinivasan S, Bedja D, Zheng D, Gabrielson K, Iwakura Y, Rose NR, Cihakova D, Interleukin-17A is dispensable for myocarditis but essential for the progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2010 106 1646 1655. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.213157
72. Aurora AB, Olson EN, Immune modulation of stem cells and regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2014 15 14 25. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.009
73. Frangogiannis NG, Dewald O, Xia Y, Ren G, Haudek S, Leucker T, Kraemer D, Taffet G, Rollins BJ, Entman ML, Critical role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2007 115 584 592. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.646091
74. Kaikita K, Hayasaki T, Okuma T, Kuziel WA, Ogawa H, Takeya M, Targeted deletion of CC chemokine receptor 2 attenuates left ventricular remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction. Am J Pathol 2004 165 439 447. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63309-3
75. Boufenzer A, Lemarié J, Simon T, TREM-1 mediates inflammatory injury and cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2015 116 1772 1782. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305628
76. Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK, Aikawa E, Stangenberg L, Wurdinger T, Figueiredo JL, Libby P, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ, The healing myocardium sequentially mobilizes two monocyte subsets with divergent and complementary functions. J Exp Med 2007 204 3037 3047. doi: 10.1084/jem.20070885
77. Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M, Etzrodt M, Wildgruber M, Cortez-Retamozo V, Panizzi P, Figueiredo JL, Kohler RH, Chudnovskiy A, Waterman P, Aikawa E, Mempel TR, Libby P, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ, Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites. Science 2009 325 612 616. doi: 10.1126/science.1175202
78. Epelman S, Lavine KJ, Beaudin AE, Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation. Immunity 2014 40 91 104. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.019
79. Epelman S, Lavine KJ, Randolph GJ, Origin and functions of tissue macrophages. Immunity 2014 41 21 35. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.013
80. Lavine KJ, Epelman S, Uchida K, Weber KJ, Nichols CG, Schilling JD, Ornitz DM, Randolph GJ, Mann DL, Distinct macrophage lineages contribute to disparate patterns of cardiac recovery and remodeling in the neonatal and adult heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014 111 16029 16034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406508111
81. Dewald O, Zymek P, Winkelmann K, Koerting A, Ren G, Abou-Khamis T, Michael LH, Rollins BJ, Entman ML, Frangogiannis NG, CCL2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 regulates inflammatory responses critical to healing myocardial infarcts. Circ Res 2005 96 881 889. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000163017.13772.3a
82. Troidl C, Möllmann H, Nef H, Masseli F, Voss S, Szardien S, Willmer M, Rolf A, Rixe J, Troidl K, Kostin S, Hamm C, Elsässer A, Classically and alternatively activated macrophages contribute to tissue remodelling after myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2009 13 3485 3496. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00707.x
83. Hofmann U, Beyersdorf N, Weirather J, Podolskaya A, Bauersachs J, Ertl G, Kerkau T, Frantz S, Activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes improves wound healing and survival after experimental myocardial infarction in mice. Circulation 2012 125 1652 1663. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.044164
84. Zouggari Y, Ait-Oufella H, Bonnin P, B lymphocytes trigger monocyte mobilization and impair heart function after acute myocardial infarction. Nat Med 2013 19 1273 1280. doi: 10.1038/nm.3284
85. Sobirin MA, Kinugawa S, Takahashi M, Fukushima A, Homma T, Ono T, Hirabayashi K, Suga T, Azalia P, Takada S, Taniguchi M, Nakayama T, Ishimori N, Iwabuchi K, Tsutsui H, Activation of natural killer T cells ameliorates postinfarct cardiac remodeling and failure in mice. Circ Res 2012 111 1037 1047. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.270132
86. Liu L, Wang Y, Cao ZY, Wang MM, Liu XM, Gao T, Hu QK, Yuan WJ, Lin L, Up-regulated TLR4 in cardiomyocytes exacerbates heart failure after long-term myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2015 19 2728 2740. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12659
87. Frantz S, Kobzik L, Kim YD, Fukazawa R, Medzhitov R, Lee RT, Kelly RA, Toll4 (TLR4) expression in cardiac myocytes in normal and failing myocardium. J Clin Invest 1999 104 271 280. doi: 10.1172/JCI6709
88. Tavener SA, Long EM, Robbins SM, McRae KM, Van Remmen H, Kubes P, Immune cell Toll-like receptor 4 is required for cardiac myocyte impairment during endotoxemia. Circ Res 2004 95 700 707. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000144175.70140.8c
89. Kawai T, Akira S, The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 2010 11 373 384. doi: 10.1038/ni.1863
90. Lin L, Kim SC, Wang Y, Gupta S, Davis B, Simon SI, Torre-Amione G, Knowlton AA, HSP60 in heart failure: Abnormal distribution and role in cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007 293 H2238 H2247. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00740.2007
91. Eissler R, Schmaderer C, Rusai K, Kühne L, Sollinger D, Lahmer T, Witzke O, Lutz J, Heemann U, Baumann M, Hypertension augments cardiac Toll-like receptor 4 expression and activity. Hypertens Res 2011 34 551 558. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.270
92. Adams V, Linke A, Wisloff U, Döring C, Erbs S, Kränkel N, Witt CC, Labeit S, Müller-Werdan U, Schuler G, Hambrecht R, Myocardial expression of Murf-1 and MAFbx after induction of chronic heart failure: effect on myocardial contractility. Cardiovasc Res 2007 73 120 129. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.10.026
93. Cecchini MG, Dominguez MG, Mocci S, Wetterwald A, Felix R, Fleisch H, Chisholm O, Hofstetter W, Pollard JW, Stanley ER, Role of colony stimulating factor-1 in the establishment and regulation of tissue macrophages during postnatal development of the mouse. Development 1994 120 1357 1372
94. Leblond AL, Klinkert K, Martin K, Turner EC, Kumar AH, Browne T, Caplice NM, Systemic and Cardiac Depletion of M2 Macrophage through CSF-1R Signaling Inhibition Alters Cardiac Function Post Myocardial Infarction. PLoS One 2015 10 e0137515. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137515
95. Tang XL, Li Q, Rokosh G, Sanganalmath SK, Chen N, Ou Q, Stowers H, Hunt G, Bolli R, Long-term outcome of administration of c-kitPOS cardiac progenitor cells after acute myocardial infarction: transplanted cells do not become cardiomyocytes, but structural and functional improvement and proliferation of endogenous cells persist for at least one year. Circ Res 2016 118 1091 1105. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.307647
96. Ismahil MA, Hamid T, Bansal SS, Patel B, Kingery JR, Prabhu SD, Remodeling of the mononuclear phagocyte network underlies chronic inflammation and disease progression in heart failure: critical importance of the cardiosplenic axis. Circ Res 2014 114 266 282. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301720
97. Emami H, Singh P, MacNabb M, Splenic metabolic activity predicts risk of future cardiovascular events: demonstration of a cardiosplenic axis in humans. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015 8 121 130. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.10.009
98. Yamazaki T, Komuro I, Kudoh S, Zou Y, Shiojima I, Mizuno T, Takano H, Hiroi Y, Ueki K, Tobe K, Angiotensin II partly mediates mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 1995 77 258 265
99. Schorb W, Booz GW, Dostal DE, Conrad KM, Chang KC, Baker KM, Angiotensin II is mitogenic in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Circ Res 1993 72 1245 1254
100. Alfie J, Aparicio LS, Waisman GD, Current strategies to achieve further cardiac and renal protection through enhanced renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system inhibition. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2011 6 134 146
101. Ma F, Feng J, Zhang C, Li Y, Qi G, Li H, Wu Y, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Chen H, Du J, Tang H, The requirement of CD8+ T cells to initiate and augment acute cardiac inflammatory response to high blood pressure. J Immunol 2014 192 3365 3373. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301522
102. Haudek SB, Cheng J, Du J, Wang Y, Hermosillo-Rodriguez J, Trial J, Taffet GE, Entman ML, Monocytic fibroblast precursors mediate fibrosis in angiotensin-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010 49 499 507. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.05.005
103. Westermann D, Lindner D, Kasner M, Zietsch C, Savvatis K, Escher F, von Schlippenbach J, Skurk C, Steendijk P, Riad A, Poller W, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C, Cardiac inflammation contributes to changes in the extracellular matrix in patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2011 4 44 52. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.931451
104. Harel-Adar T, Ben Mordechai T, Amsalem Y, Feinberg MS, Leor J, Cohen S, Modulation of cardiac macrophages by phosphatidylserine-presenting liposomes improves infarct repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 108 1827 1832. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015623108
105. Dobaczewski M, Bujak M, Li N, Gonzalez-Quesada C, Mendoza LH, Wang XF, Frangogiannis NG, Smad3 signaling critically regulates fibroblast phenotype and function in healing myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2010 107 418 428. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.216101
106. Singh MV, Cicha MZ, Meyerholz DK, Chapleau MW, Abboud FM, Dual Activation of TRIF and MyD88 Adaptor Proteins by Angiotensin II Evokes Opposing Effects on Pressure, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Inflammatory Gene Expression. Hypertension 2015 66 647 656. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06011
107. Wu Y, Li Y, Zhang C, A X, Wang Y, Cui W, Li H, Du J, S100a8/a9 released by CD11b+Gr1+ neutrophils activates cardiac fibroblasts to initiate angiotensin II-Induced cardiac inflammation and injury. Hypertension 2014 63 1241 1250. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02843
108. Heymans S, Corsten MF, Verhesen W, Macrophage microRNA-155 promotes cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Circulation 2013 128 1420 1432. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001357
109. Rosenkranz S, Flesch M, Amann K, Haeuseler C, Kilter H, Seeland U, Schlüter KD, Böhm M, Alterations of beta-Adrenergic signaling and cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-beta(1). Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002 283 H1253 H1262. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00578.2001
110. Koitabashi N, Danner T, Zaiman AL, Pinto YM, Rowell J, Mankowski J, Zhang D, Nakamura T, Takimoto E, Kass DA, Pivotal role of cardiomyocyte TGF-β signaling in the murine pathological response to sustained pressure overload. J Clin Invest 2011 121 2301 2312. doi: 10.1172/JCI44824
111. Coles B, Fielding CA, Rose-John S, Scheller J, Jones SA, O'Donnell VB, Classic interleukin-6 receptor signaling and interleukin-6 trans-signaling differentially control angiotensin II-dependent hypertension, cardiac signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activation, and vascular hypertrophy in vivo. Am J Pathol 2007 171 315 325. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061078
112. Lai NC, Gao MH, Tang E, Tang R, Guo T, Dalton ND, Deng A, Tang T, Pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in the absence of interleukin 6 in mice. Lab Invest 2012 92 1518 1526. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.97
113. Gordon JW, Shaw JA, Kirshenbaum LA, Multiple facets of NF-κB in the heart: to be or not to NF-κB. Circ Res 2011 108 1122 1132. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.226928
114. Liu Q, Chen Y, Auger-Messier M, Molkentin JD, Interaction between NFκB and NFAT coordinates cardiac hypertrophy and pathological remodeling. Circ Res 2012 110 1077 1086. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.260729
115. Hikoso S, Yamaguchi O, Nakano Y, The I{kappa}B kinase {beta}/nuclear factor {kappa}B signaling pathway protects the heart from hemodynamic stress mediated by the regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase expression. Circ Res 2009 105 70 79. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.193318
116. Nevers T, Salvador AM, Grodecki-Pena A, Knapp A, Velázquez F, Aronovitz M, Kapur NK, Karas RH, Blanton RM, Alcaide P, Left Ventricular T-Cell Recruitment Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2015 8 776 787. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002225
117. Chang SA, Kim YJ, Lee HW, Kim DH, Kim HK, Chang HJ, Sohn DW, Oh BH, Park YB, Effect of rosuvastatin on cardiac remodeling, function, and progression to heart failure in hypertensive heart with established left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension 2009 54 591 597. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131243
118. Giusti-Paiva A, Martinez MR, Felix JV, da Rocha MJ, Carnio EC, Elias LL, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Simvastatin decreases nitric oxide overproduction and reverts the impaired vascular responsiveness induced by endotoxic shock in rats. Shock 2004 21 271 275. doi: 10.1097/10.shk.0000115756.74059.ce
119. Ghosh S, Macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and metabolic diseases: critical role of cholesteryl ester mobilization. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2011 9 329 340. doi: 10.1586/erc.11.16
120. Vandanmagsar B, Youm YH, Ravussin A, Galgani JE, Stadler K, Mynatt RL, Ravussin E, Stephens JM, Dixit VD, The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med 2011 17 179 188. doi: 10.1038/nm.2279
121. Bayeva M, Sawicki KT, Ardehali H, Taking diabetes to heart-deregulation of myocardial lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2013 2 e000433. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000433
122. Ko HJ, Zhang Z, Jung DY, Jun JY, Ma Z, Jones KE, Chan SY, Kim JK, Nutrient stress activates inflammation and reduces glucose metabolism by suppressing AMP-Activated protein kinase in the heart. Diabetes 2009 58 2536 2546. doi: 10.2337/db08-1361
123. Shimada K, Crother TR, Karlin J, Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis. Immunity 2012 36 401 414. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.009
124. Frustaci A, Kajstura J, Chimenti C, Jakoniuk I, Leri A, Maseri A, Nadal-Ginard B, Anversa P, Myocardial cell death in human diabetes. Circ Res 2000 87 1123 1132
125. Zhang W, Lavine KJ, Epelman S, Evans SA, Weinheimer CJ, Barger PM, Mann DL, Necrotic myocardial cells release damage-Associated molecular patterns that provoke fibroblast activation in vitro and trigger myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. J Am Heart Assoc 2015 4 e001993. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.001993
126. Westermann D, Van Linthout S, Dhayat S, Dhayat N, Escher F, Bücker-Gärtner C, Spillmann F, Noutsias M, Riad A, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C, Cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin converting enzyme inhibition in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2007 56 1834 1841. doi: 10.2337/db06-1662
127. Lee HM, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Shong M, Ku BJ, Jo EK, Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013 62 194 204. doi: 10.2337/db12-0420
128. Luo B, Li B, Wang W, Liu X, Xia Y, Zhang C, Zhang M, Zhang Y, An F, NLRP3 gene silencing ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in a type 2 diabetes rat model. PLoS One 2014 9 e104771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104771
129. Wen H, Gris D, Lei Y, Jha S, Zhang L, Huang MT, Brickey WJ, Ting JP, Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling. Nat Immunol 2011 12 408 415. doi: 10.1038/ni.2022
130. Mezzaroma E, Toldo S, Farkas D, Seropian IM, Van Tassell BW, Salloum FN, Kannan HR, Menna AC, Voelkel NF, Abbate A, The inflammasome promotes adverse cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 108 19725 19730. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108586108
131. Wang H, Sreenivasan U, Gong DW, O'Connell KA, Dabkowski ER, Hecker PA, Ionica N, Konig M, Mahurkar A, Sun Y, Stanley WC, Sztalryd C, Cardiomyocyte-specific perilipin 5 overexpression leads to myocardial steatosis and modest cardiac dysfunction. J Lipid Res 2013 54 953 965. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M032466
132. Montaigne D, Marechal X, Coisne A, Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics in type 2 diabetic but not in obese patients. Circulation 2014 130 554 564. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008476
133. Biernacka A, Cavalera M, Wang J, Russo I, Shinde A, Kong P, Gonzalez-Quesada C, Rai V, Dobaczewski M, Lee DW, Wang XF, Frangogiannis NG, Smad3 Signaling Promotes Fibrosis While Preserving Cardiac and Aortic Geometry in Obese Diabetic Mice. Circ Heart Fail 2015 8 788 798. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001963
134. Nakai A, Yamaguchi O, Takeda T, Higuchi Y, Hikoso S, Taniike M, Omiya S, Mizote I, Matsumura Y, Asahi M, Nishida K, Hori M, Mizushima N, Otsu K, The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress. Nat Med 2007 13 619 624. doi: 10.1038/nm1574
135. Gianni D, Li A, Tesco G, Protein aggregates and novel presenilin gene variants in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2010 121 1216 1226. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.879510
136. Tannous P, Zhu H, Nemchenko A, Berry JM, Johnstone JL, Shelton JM, Miller FJ Jr, Rothermel BA, Hill JA, Intracellular protein aggregation is a proximal trigger of cardiomyocyte autophagy. Circulation 2008 117 3070 3078. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.763870
137. Linton PJ, Gurney M, Sengstock D, Mentzer RM Jr, Gottlieb RA, This old heart: Cardiac aging and autophagy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015 83 44 54. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.017
138. Te Rijdt WP, Van Tintelen JP, Vink A, Van Der Wal AC, De Boer RA, Van den Berg MP, Suurmeijer AJ, Phospholamban p.Arg14del cardiomyopathy is characterized by phospholamban aggregates, aggresomes and autophagic degradation. Histopathology 2016 March 11
139. Kanamori H, Takemura G, Goto K, Tsujimoto A, Ogino A, Takeyama T, Kawaguchi T, Watanabe T, Morishita K, Kawasaki M, Mikami A, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Seishima M, Minatoguchi S, Resveratrol reverses remodeling in hearts with large, old myocardial infarctions through enhanced autophagy-Activating AMP kinase pathway. Am J Pathol 2013 182 701 713. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.009
140. Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, Brohi K, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ, Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature 2010 464 104 107. doi: 10.1038/nature08780
141. Oka T, Hikoso S, Yamaguchi O, Taneike M, Takeda T, Tamai T, Oyabu J, Murakawa T, Nakayama H, Nishida K, Akira S, Yamamoto A, Komuro I, Otsu K, Mitochondrial DNA that escapes from autophagy causes inflammation and heart failure. Nature 2012 485 251 255. doi: 10.1038/nature10992
142. Afanasyeva M, Wang Y, Kaya Z, Park S, Zilliox MJ, Schofield BH, Hill SL, Rose NR, Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice is an interleukin-4-dependent disease with a Th2 phenotype. Am J Pathol 2001 159 193 203. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61685-9
143. Fairweather D, Stafford KA, Sung YK, Update on coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012 24 401 407. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328353372d
144. Wiltshire SA, Leiva-Torres GA, Vidal SM, Quantitative trait locus analysis, pathway analysis, and consomic mapping show genetic variants of Tnni3k, Fpgt, or H28 control susceptibility to viral myocarditis. J Immunol 2011 186 6398 6405. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100159
145. Burke JD, Sonenberg N, Platanias LC, Fish EN, Antiviral effects of interferon-β are enhanced in the absence of the translational suppressor 4E-BP1 in myocarditis induced by Coxsackievirus B3. Antivir Ther 2011 16 577 584. doi: 10.3851/IMP1752
146. Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Yusung SA, Barrett MA, Davis SE, Steele RA, Gatewood SJ, Rose NR, IL-12 protects against coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis by increasing IFN-gamma and macrophage and neutrophil populations in the heart. J Immunol 2005 174 261 269
147. Abston ED, Coronado MJ, Bucek A, Bedja D, Shin J, Kim JB, Kim E, Gabrielson KL, Georgakopoulos D, Mitzner W, Fairweather D, Th2 regulation of viral myocarditis in mice: different roles for TLR3 versus TRIF in progression to chronic disease. Clin Dev Immunol 2012 2012 129486. doi: 10.1155/2012/129486
148. Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Yusung SA, Barrett MA, Davis SE, Gatewood SJ, Njoku DB, Rose NR, Interferon-gamma protects against chronic viral myocarditis by reducing mast cell degranulation, fibrosis, and the profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-4 in the heart. Am J Pathol 2004 165 1883 1894
149. Fairweather D, Yusung S, Frisancho S, Barrett M, Gatewood S, Steele R, Rose NR, IL-12 receptor beta 1 and Toll-like receptor 4 increase IL-1 beta- and IL-18-Associated myocarditis and coxsackievirus replication. J Immunol 2003 170 4731 4737
150. McCartney SA, Vermi W, Lonardi S, Rossini C, Otero K, Calderon B, Gilfillan S, Diamond MS, Unanue ER, Colonna M, RNA sensor-induced type I IFN prevents diabetes caused by a β cell-tropic virus in mice. J Clin Invest 2011 121 1497 1507. doi: 10.1172/JCI44005
151. Riad A, Westermann D, Escher F, Becher PM, Savvatis K, Lettau O, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Volk HD, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C, Myeloid differentiation factor-88 contributes to TLR9-mediated modulation of acute coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010 298 H2024 H2031. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01188.2009
152. Meredith MM, Liu K, Darrasse-Jeze G, Kamphorst AO, Schreiber HA, Guermonprez P, Idoyaga J, Cheong C, Yao KH, Niec RE, Nussenzweig MC, Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4) defines the classical dendritic cell lineage. J Exp Med 2012 209 1153 1165. doi: 10.1084/jem.20112675
153. Eriksson U, Ricci R, Hunziker L, Kurrer MO, Oudit GY, Watts TH, Sonderegger I, Bachmaier K, Kopf M, Penninger JM, Dendritic cell-induced autoimmune heart failure requires cooperation between adaptive and innate immunity. Nat Med 2003 9 1484 1490. doi: 10.1038/nm960
154. Blyszczuk P, Kania G, Dieterle T, Marty RR, Valaperti A, Berthonneche C, Pedrazzini T, Berger CT, Dirnhofer S, Matter CM, Penninger JM, Lüscher TF, Eriksson U, Myeloid differentiation factor-88/interleukin-1 signaling controls cardiac fibrosis and heart failure progression in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2009 105 912 920. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.199802
155. Bangert A, Andrassy M, Müller AM, Critical role of RAGE and HMGB1 in inflammatory heart disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 113 E155 E164. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1522288113
156. Feng W, Li W, Liu W, Wang F, Li Y, Yan W, IL-17 induces myocardial fibrosis and enhances RANKL/OPG and MMP/TIMP signaling in isoproterenol-induced heart failure. Exp Mol Pathol 2009 87 212 218. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.06.001
157. Savvatis K, Pappritz K, Becher PM, Lindner D, Zietsch C, Volk HD, Westermann D, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C, Interleukin-23 deficiency leads to impaired wound healing and adverse prognosis after myocardial infarction. Circ Heart Fail 2014 7 161 171. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000604
158. Liao YH, Xia N, Zhou SF, Tang TT, Yan XX, Lv BJ, Nie SF, Wang J, Iwakura Y, Xiao H, Yuan J, Jevallee H, Wei F, Shi GP, Cheng X, Interleukin-17A contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012 59 420 429. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.10.863
159. Stark MA, Huo Y, Burcin TL, Morris MA, Olson TS, Ley K, Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils regulates granulopoiesis via IL-23 and IL-17. Immunity 2005 22 285 294. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.01.011
160. Yan X, Shichita T, Katsumata Y, Deleterious effect of the IL-23/IL-17A axis and γδT cells on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2012 1 e004408. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.004408
161. Xu Q, Dewey S, Nguyen S, Gomes AV, Malignant and benign mutations in familial cardiomyopathies: insights into mutations linked to complex cardiovascular phenotypes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010 48 899 909. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.03.005
162. Lopes LR, Elliott PM, Genetics of heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013 1832 2451 2461. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.12.012
163. Du CK, Morimoto S, Nishii K, Knock-in mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by troponin mutation. Circ Res 2007 101 185 194. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.106.146670
164. Wen Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Pinto JR, Potter JD, Kerrick WG, Functional effects of a restrictive-cardiomyopathy-linked cardiac troponin I mutation (R145W) in transgenic mice. J Mol Biol 2009 392 1158 1167. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.080
165. Morimoto S, Lu QW, Harada K, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Minakami R, Ohta M, Sasaguri T, Ohtsuki I, Ca(2+)-desensitizing effect of a deletion mutation Delta K210 in cardiac troponin T that causes familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 99 913 918. doi: 10.1073/pnas.022628899
166. Leid J, Carrelha J, Boukarabila H, Epelman S, Jacobsen SE, Lavine KJ, Primitive embryonic macrophages are required for coronary development and maturation. Circ Res 2016 118 1498 1511. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.308270
167. Oka T, Akazawa H, Naito AT, Komuro I, Angiogenesis and cardiac hypertrophy: maintenance of cardiac function and causative roles in heart failure. Circ Res 2014 114 565 571. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.300507