Sudden stress relaxation in compound semiconductor thin films triggered by secondary phase segregation

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 92, Issue 15, 2015, Pages

  Mainz, R ^a   Rodriguez Alvarez, H ^a   Klaus, M ^a   Thomas, D ^a   Lauche, J ^a   Weber, A ^a   Heinemann, M D ^a   Brunken, S ^a   Greiner, D ^a   Kaufmann, C A ^a   Unold, T ^a   Schock, H W ^a   Genzel, C ^a  

^a HAHN MEITNER INSTITUT   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84944811163     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.155310     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. A. Chirila, P. Reinhard, F. Pianezzi, P. Bloesch, A. R. Uhl, C. Fella, L. Kranz, D. Keller, C. Gretener, H. Hagendorfer, D. Jaeger, R. Erni, S. Nishiwaki, S. Buecheler, and A. N. Tiwari, Nat. Mater. 12, 1107 (2013). 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat3789
2. P. Jackson, D. Hariskos, R. Wuerz, W. Wischmann, and M. Powalla, Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8, 219 (2014). 1862-6254 10.1002/pssr.201409040
3. R. Caballero, C. Kaufmann, V. Efimova, T. Rissom, V. Hoffmann, and H. Schock, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 21, 30 (2013). PPHOED 1062-7995 10.1002/pip.1233
4. A. M. Gabor, J. R. Tuttle, D. S. Albin, M. A. Contreras, R. Noufi, and A. M. Hermann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 198 (1994). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.112670
5. M. Contreras, J. Tuttle, A. Gabor, A. Tennant, K. Ramanathan, S. Asher, A. Franz, J. Keane, L. Wang, J. Scofield, and R. Noufi, in Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 1994., Conference Record of the Twenty Fourth. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference-1994, 1994 IEEE First World Conference on, Vol. 1 (IEEE, New York, 1994), pp. 68-75.
6. R. A. Mickelsen and W. S. Chen, in 16th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (IEEE, New York, 1982), pp. 781-785.
7. T. Schlenker, M. L. Valero, H. Schock, and J. Werner, J. Cryst. Growth 264, 178 (2004). JCRGAE 0022-0248 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.01.020
8. N. Barreau, T. Painchaud, F. Couzinié-Devy, L. Arzel, and J. Kessler, Acta Mater. 58, 5572 (2010). ACMAFD 1359-6454 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.025
9. H. Rodriguez-Alvarez, R. Mainz, B. Marsen, D. Abou-Ras, and H. W. Schock, J. Appl. Cryst. 43, 1053 (2010). JACGAR 0021-8898 10.1107/S0021889810025860
10. H. Rodriguez-Alvarez, N. Barreau, C. Kaufmann, A. Weber, M. Klaus, T. Painchaud, H.-W. Schock, and R. Mainz, Acta Mater. 61, 4347 (2013). ACMAFD 1359-6454 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.04.006
11. L. Gütay, D. Regesch, J. K. Larsen, Y. Aida, V. Depredurand, and S. Siebentritt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 151912 (2011). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3648111
12. J. W. Shin and E. Chason, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 056102 (2009). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.056102
13. T. J. Rupert, D. S. Gianola, Y. Gan, and K. J. Hemker, Science 326, 1686 (2009). SCIEAS 0036-8075 10.1126/science.1178226
14. R. Gupta, A. Gupta, W. Leitenberger, and R. Rüffer, Phys. Rev. B 85, 075401 (2012). PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.075401
15. C.-W. Pao, S. M. Foiles, E. B. Webb, D. J. Srolovitz, and J. A. Floro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 036102 (2007). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.036102
16. T. Frolov, W. Boettinger, and Y. Mishin, Acta Mater. 58, 5471 (2010). ACMAFD 1359-6454 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.023
17. C. V. Thompson and R. Carel, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 44, 657 (1996). JMPSA8 0022-5096 10.1016/0022-5096(96)00022-1
18. I. M. Kötschau and H. W. Schock, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 64, 1559 (2003). JPCSAW 0022-3697 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00074-X
19. H. Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. Weber, J. Lauche, C. A. Kaufmann, T. Rissom, D. Greiner, M. Klaus, T. Unold, C. Genzel, H.-W. Schock, and R. Mainz, Adv. Energy Mater. 3, 1381 (2013). 1614-6832 10.1002/aenm.201300339
20. C. Genzel, I. A. Denks, R. Coelho, D. Thomas, R. Mainz, D. Apel, and M. Klaus, J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. 46, 615 (2011). JSADDZ 0309-3247 10.1177/0309324711403824
21. R. Scheer, A. Perez-Rodriguez, and W. K. Metzger, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 18, 467 (2010). PPHOED 1062-7995 10.1002/pip.966
22. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.155310 for the evolution of strain, Cu fluorescence, and phase formation during second stage of the (Equation presented) deposition; comparison of lattice spacings, peak broadening, and domain size of Cu-In-Se reflexes; x-ray information depth for various photon energies; diffuse and direct light scattering; calculation of relaxed lattice spacing and Poisson's ratio; details on reaction-diffusion modeling.
23. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Theory of Elasticity (Pergamon, Oxford, 1986).
24. M. Birkholz, Thin film analysis by X-ray scattering (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2006).
25. N. Rega, Ph.D. thesis, Freie Universität Berlin, 2004.
26. A. M. Gabor, J. R. Tuttle, M. H. Bode, A. Franz, A. L. Tennant, M. A. Contreras, R. Noufi, D. G. Jensen, and A. M. Hermann, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 41-42, 247 (1996). SEMCEQ 0927-0248 10.1016/0927-0248(95)00122-0
27. D. Abou-Ras, B. Schaffer, M. Schaffer, S. S. Schmidt, R. Caballero, and T. Unold, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 075502 (2012). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.075502
28. S. S. Schmidt, D. Abou-Ras, S. Sadewasser, W. Yin, C. Feng, and Y. Yan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 095506 (2012). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.095506
29. A. P. Kumar and K. Reddy, Thin Solid Films 304, 365 (1997). THSFAP 0040-6090 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00039-4
30. T. Tinoco, A. Polian, D. Gmez, and J. P. Itié, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 198, 433 (1996). PSSBBD 0370-1972 10.1002/pssb.2221980156
31. R. Fouret, B. Hennion, J. Gonzalez, and S. M. Wasim, Phys. Rev. B 47, 8269 (1993). PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.8269
32. R. D. Doherty, D. A. Hughes, F. J. Humphreys, J. J. Jonas, D. Juul Jensen, M. E. Kassner, W. E. King, T. R. McNelley, H. J. McQueen, and A. D. Rollett, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 238, 219 (1997). MSAPE3 0921-5093 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00424-3
33. R. Klenk, T. Walter, H.-W. Schock, and D. Cahen, Adv. Mater. 5, 114 (1993). ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.19930050209
34. R. Mainz and R. Klenk, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 123515 (2011). JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3592288
35. P. Pradhan, P. Aryal, A.-R. Ibdah, K. Aryal, J. Li, N. Podraza, S. Marsillac, and R. Collins, in IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 2014 (IEEE, New York, 2014), pp. 2060-2065.
36. T. Gödecke, T. Haalboom, and F. Ernst, Z. Metallkd. 91, 622 (2000).
37. V. Ranjan, K. Aryal, S. Little, Y. Erkaya, G. Rajan, P. Boland, D. Attygalle, P. Aryal, P. Pradhan, R. Collins, and S. Marsillac, in 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012 (IEEE, New York, 2012), pp. 000452-000454.
38. H. Rodriguez-Alvarez, R. Mainz, and S. Sadewasser, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 204913 (2014). JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.4880298
39. A. Zweschke and P. J. Wellmann, Thin Solid Films 582, 397 (2015). THSFAP 0040-6090 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.11.002
40. S. B. Zhang, S.-H. Wei, and A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4059 (1997). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4059
41. S. Lehmann, D. F. Marron, M. Leon, R. Feyerherm, E. Dudzik, E. J. Friedrich, M. Tovar, Y. Tomm, C. Wolf, S. Schorr, T. Schedel-Niedrig, M. C. Lux-Steiner, and J. M. Merino, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 013518 (2011). JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3524183
42. C. Stephan, S. Schorr, M. Tovar, and H.-W. Schock, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091906 (2011). APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3559621
43. O. Lundberg, J. Lu, A. Rockett, M. Edoff, and L. Stolt, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 64, 1499 (2003). JPCSAW 0022-3697 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00127-6
44. T. Rissom, R. Mainz, C. A. Kaufmann, R. Caballero, V. Efimova, V. Hoffmann, and H.-W. Schock, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95, 250 (2011). SEMCEQ 0927-0248 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.05.007
45. H. Liu, X. Shi, F. Xu, L. Zhang, W. Zhang, L. Chen, Q. Li, C. Uher, T. Day, and G. J. Snyder, Nat. Mater. 11, 422 (2012). 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat3273