From mood to food and from food to mood: A psychological perspective on the measurement of food-related emotions in consumer research

Food Research International

Volumn 76, Issue P2, 2015, Pages 180-191

  Köster, Egon P ^a   Mojet, Jozina ^b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Eating and drinking behaviour; Emotion; Emotion measurement; Explicit vs. implicit methods

Indexed keywords

FOOD SUPPLY;

CONSUMER RESEARCH; EATING AND DRINKING BEHAVIOUR; EATING DISORDERS; EMOTION; EMOTIONAL FACTORS; FOOD CONSUMPTION; IMPLICIT METHODS; MEASUREMENT METHODS;

NUTRITION;

EID: 84939569239     PISSN: 09639969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.006     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Adolphs R., Tranel D., Damasio H., Damasio A. Fear and the human amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience 1995, 75(g):5879-5891.
2. Aggleton J.P. The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction 1992, 485-503. Wiley-Liss, New York. J.P. Aggleton (Ed.).
3. Ahn S.J., Bailenson J., Fox J., Jabon M. Using automated facial expression analysis for emotion and behaviour prediction. The Routledge handbook of emotions and mass media 2010, 349-369. Taylor and Francis, New York.
4. App B., McIntosh D., Reid C.A. A social-functional approach to emotion communication. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 2007.
5. Bachorowski J.A. Vocal expression and perception of emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science 1999, 8(2):53-57.
6. Banse R., Scherer K.R. Acoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 70(3):614-636.
7. Barrett L.F., Mesquita B., Ochsner K.N., Gross J.J. The experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology 2007, 58:373-403.
8. Bellisle F., Louis-Sylvestre J., Linet N., Rocaboy B., Dalle B., Cheneau F., et al. Anxiety and food intake in man. Psychosomatic Medicine 1990, 52(4):452-457.
9. Benton D. Carbohydrate ingestion, blood glucose and mood. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews 2002, 26:293-308.
10. Benton E., Donohoe R.T. The effects of nutrients on mood. Public Health Nutrition 1999, 2:403-409.
11. Berridge K.C., Winkielman P. What is an unconscious emotion? (the case for unconscious "liking"). Cognition and Emotion 2003, 17(2):181-211.
12. Bhumiratana N., Adhkari K., Chambers E. The development of an emotion lexicon for the coffee drinking experience. Food Research International 2014, 61:83-92.
13. Boon B., Stroebe W., Schut H., IJntema R. Ironic processes in the eating behaviour of restrained eaters. British Journal of Health Psychology 2002, 7:1-10.
14. Boon B., Stroebe W., Schut H., Jansen A. Food for thought: Cognitive regulation of food intake. British Journal of Health Psychology 1998, 3:27-40.
15. Bruch H. Eating disorder: Obesity and anorexia nervosa 1973, Behavior Science Book Service, Riverside.
16. Cacioppo J.T., Berntson G.G., Larsen J.T., Poehlmann K.M., Ito T.A. The psychophysiology of emotion. The handbook of emotion 2000, 173-191. Guildford Press, New York. M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.).
17. Cahill L., Haier R.J., Fallon J., Alkire M.T., Tang C., Keator D., et al. Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996, 93(15):8016-8021.
18. Canetti L., Bachar E., Berry E.M. Food and emotion. Behavioural Processes 2002, 60:157-164.
19. Cardello A.V. Measuring consumer expectations to improve food product development. Consumer-led food product development 2007, 223-261. Woodhead Publishing, Abbington Cambridge UK. H.J.H. MacFie (Ed.).
20. Cardello A.V., Meiselman H.L., Schutz H.G., Graig C., Given Z., Lesher L.L., et al. Measuring emotional responses to foods and food names using questionnaires. Food Quality and Preference 2012, 24:243-250.
21. Chrea C., Grandjean D., Delplanque S., Cayeux I., Le Calvé B., Aymard L., et al. Mapping the semantic space for the subjective experience of emotional responses to odours. Chemical Senses 2009, 34:49-62.
22. Christensen L. Effects of eating behaviour on mood: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1993, 14(2):171-183.
23. Clore G.L. Why emotions are never unconscious. The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions 1994, 285-290. Oxford University Press, New York. P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson (Eds.).
24. Davidson R.J. Neuropsychological perspectives on affective styles and their cognitive consequences. Handbook of cognition and emotion 1999, 103-123. Wiley, New York. T. Dalgleish, M.J. Power (Eds.).
25. Davidson R.J., Ekman P., Saron C.D., Senulis J.A., Friesen W.V. Approach- withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: Emotional expression and brain physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 58(2):330-341.
26. Degel J., Köster E.P. Odors: implicit memory and performance effects. Chemical Senses 1999, 24:317-325.
27. Degel J., Piper D., Köster E.P. Implicit learning and implicit memory for odors: The influence of odor identification and retention time. Chemical Senses 2001, 26:267-280.
28. De Wijk R.A., Zijlstra S. Differential effects of exposure to ambient vanilla and citrus aromas on mood, arousal and food choice. Flavour 2012, 1:24.
29. Delplanque S., Grandjean, Chrea C., Aymard L., Cayeux I., Le Calvé B., et al. Emotional processing of odors: Evidence for a nonlinear relation between pleasantness and familiarity evaluations. Chemical Senses 2008, 33:469-479.
30. Delplanque S., Grandjean D., Chrea C., Coppin G., Aymard L., Cayeux I., et al. Sequential unfolding of novelty and pleasantness appraisals of odors: Evidence from facial electromyography and autonomic reactions. Emotion 2009, 9(3):316-328.
31. Desmet P.M.A. Measuring emotions. Funology: From usability to enjoyment 2003, 111-125. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. M.A. Blythe, K. Overbeeke, A.F. Monk, P.C. Wright (Eds.).
32. Desmet P.M.A., Schifferstein H.N.J. Sources of positive and negative emotions in food experience. Appetite 2008, 50:290-301.
33. Drozdova N. Measuring emotions in marketing and consumer behaviour: Is face reader an applicable tool? 2014, Master thesis, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway.
34. Edwards J.S.A., Meiselman H.L., Edwards A., Lesher L. The influence of eating locations on the acceptability of identically prepared foods. Food Quality and Preference 2003, 14:647-652.
35. Ekman P. Universals and cultural differences in facial expression of emotion. Nebraska symposium on motivation 1972, Vol. 19:207-283. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
36. Ekman P. Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russel's mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin 1994, 115(2):268-287.
37. Ekman P., Friesen W.P. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1971, 17(2):124-129.
38. Ellsworth P.C. Levels of thought and levels of emotion. The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions 1994, 192-196. Oxford University Press, New York. P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson (Eds.).
39. Elsworth P.C. The right way to study emotion. Psychological Inquiry 1995, 6:213-216.
40. Ellsworth P.C., Scherer K.R. Appraisal processes in emotion. Handbook of the affective sciences 2003, 572-595. Oxford University Press, New York/ Oxford, UK. R.J. Davidson, H.H. Goldsmith, K.R. Scherer (Eds.).
41. Finn A., Louvière J.J. Determining the appropriate response to evidence of public concern: The case for food safety. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 1992, 11(1):12-25.
42. Frijda N.H. Emotions and hedonic experience. Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology 1999, 190-210. Russell Sage Foundation, New York. D. Kahneman, E. Diener, N. Schwarz (Eds.).
43. Gibson E.L. Emotional influences on food choice: Sensory, physiological and psychological pathways. Physiology and Behavior 2006, 89:53-61.
44. Gibson E.L. Mood, emotions and food choice. Psychology of food choice 2006, 113-140. CAB International, Wallingford. R. Shepherd, M. Raats (Eds.).
45. Gibson E.L., Green M.W. Nutritional influences on cognitive function: Mechanisms of susceptibility. Nutrition Research Review 2002, 15:169-206.
46. Greeno G.G., Wing R.R. Stress-induced eating. Psychological Bulletin 1994, 115:444-464.
47. Haddock C.K., Dill P.L. The effects of food on mood and behavior: Implications for the addictions model of obesity and eating disorders. Physiology and Behavior 2000, 70:333-342.
48. Herman C.P., Mack D. Restraint and unrestrained eating. Journal of Personality 1975, 43:647-660.
49. Herman C.P., Polivy J. Restrained eating. Obesity 1980, 208-225. Saunders, Philadelphia. A.B. Stunkard (Ed.).
50. Herman C.P., Polivy J. A boundary model for the regulation of eating. Eating Disorders 1984, 141-156.
51. Holland R.W., Hendriks M., Aarts H. Smells like clean spirit. Nonconscious effects of scent on cognition and behaviour. Psychol Science 2005, 16:689-693.
52. Jansen A. A learning model of binge eating: Cue reactivity and cue exposure. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1998, 36:257-272.
53. Jiang Y., King J.M., Priniawatkul W. A review of measurement and relationships between food, eating behavior and emotion. Trends in Food Science Technology 2014, 7(36):15-28.
54. Johnstone T., Scherer K.R. Vocal communication of emotion. Handbook of emotions 2000, 220-235. Guilford Press, New York. M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.).
55. Juillard E. Lexique émotionnel et consommation alimentaire: le cas plus spécifique des produits carned's auprès de la population féminine (Emotional lexicon and food consumption: the specific case of meat products in women) 2003, Doctoral dissertation, University of Psychology, Clermont-Ferrand, (2003).
56. Kagan J. A trio of concerns. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2007, 2(4):361-376.
57. Kaplan H.I., Kaplan H.S. The psychosomatic concept of obesity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 1957, 125:181-201.
58. Kihlstrom J.F., Mulvany S., Tobias B.A., Tobis J.P. The emotional unconscious. Cognition and emotion 2000, Oxford University Press, New York. E. Eich (Ed.).
59. King S.C., Meiselman H.L. Development of a method to measure consumer emotions associated with foods. Food Quality and Preference 2010, 21:168-177.
60. King S.C., Meiselman H.L., Carr B.T. Measuring emotions associated with foods in consumer testing. Food Quality and Preference 2010, 21:1114-1116.
61. King S.C., Meiselman H.L., Carr B.T. Measuring emotions associated with foods: Important elements of questionnaire and test design. Food Quality and Preference 2013, 28:8-16.
62. Köster E.P. The consumer? The quality? Production industrielle & qualité sensorielle; Agoral 96. Huitièmes rencontres scientifiques et technologiques des industries alimentaires 2-3 Avril 1996 - Dijon 1996, 11-19.
63. Köster E.P. The psychology of food choice: Some often encountered fallacies. Food Quality and Preference 2003, 14:359-373.
64. Köster E.P. Diversity in the determinants of food choice: A psychological perspective. Food Quality and Preference 2009, 20(2):70-82.
65. Köster E.P., Mojet J. Boredom and the reasons why some new products fail. Consumer-led food product development 2007, 262-280. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington, Cambridge, UK. H.J.H. MacFie (Ed.).
66. Köster E.P., Mojet J. Analysis of flops: A useful tool for future innovations. Part 1: The diagnostic phase. Agro Food Industry hi-tech 2012, 23(1):6-9.
67. Köster E.P., Mojet J. Analysis of flops: A useful tool for future innovations. Part 2: The reduction of future flop risks. Agro Food Industry hi-tech 2012, 23(2):6-10.
68. Köster E.P., Møller P., Mojet J. A "misfit theory of spontaneous conscious odor perception (MITSCOP)": Reflections on the role and function of odor memory in everyday life. Frontiers in Psychology 2014, 5:64. 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00064.
69. Köster M.A., Prescott J., Köster E.P. Incidental learning and memory for three basic tastes in food. Chemical Senses 2004, 29:441-453.
70. Kuesten C., Chopra P., Bi J., Meiselman H.L. A global study using PANAS (PA and NA) scales to measure consumer emotions associated with aromas of phytonutrient supplements. Food Quality and Preference 2014, 33:86-97.
71. Laros F.J.M., Steenkamp J.-B.E.M. Emotions in consumer behaviour: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research 2005, 58:1437-1445.
72. Lattimore P., Caswell N. Differential effects of active and passive stress on food intake in restrained and unrestrained eaters. Appetite 2004, 42:167-173.
73. Lattimore P., Maxwell L. Cognitive load, stress, and disinhibited eating. Eating Behaviors 2004, 5:315-324.
74. Laureati M., Morin-Audebrand L., Pagliarini E., Sulmont-Rossé C., Köster E.P., Mojet J. Influence of age and liking on food memory: An incidental learning experiment with children, young and elderly people. Appetite 2008, 51:273-282.
75. LeDoux J.E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience 2000, 23:155-184.
76. Li W. Learning to smell danger: Acquired associative representation of threat in the olfactory cortex. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2014, 8:98.
77. Macht M. Characteristics of eating in anger, fear, sadness, and joy. Appetite 1999, 33:129-139.
78. Macht M. How emotions affect eating: A five-way model. Appetite 2008, 50:1-11.
79. Macht M., Dettmer D. Everyday mood and emotions after eating a chocolate bar or an apple. Appetite 2006, 46:332-336.
80. Macht M., Meininger J., Roth J. The pleasure of eating. A qualitative analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies 2005, 6:137-160.
81. Macht M., Müller J. Immediate effects of chocolate on experimentally induced mood states. Appetite 2007, 49(3):667-674. 10.1016/j. appet.2007.05.004.
82. Markus C.R., Panhuysen G., Tuiten A., Koppeschaar H. Effects of food on cortisol and mood in vulnerable subjects under controllable and uncontrollable stress. Physiology and Behavior 2000, 70:333-342.
83. Markus C.R., Panhuysen G., Tuiten A., Koppeschaar H., Fekkes D., Peters M.L. Does carbohydrate-rich, protein-poor food prevent a deterioration of mood and cognitive performance of stress-prone subjects when subjected to a stressful task?. Appetite 1998, 31:49-65.
84. Mathews G., Deary I.J. Personality traits 1998, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
85. Mauss I.B., Levenson R.W., McCarter L., Wilhelm F.H., Gross J.J. The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotion 2005, 5(2):175-190.
86. Mauss I.B., Robinson M.D. Measures of emotion: A review. Cognition and Emotion 2009, 23(2):209-237.
87. Mayer J.D., Gaschke Y.N. The experience and meta-experience of mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1968, 55:102-111.
88. McNair D.M., Lorr M., Droppelman L.F. Profile of mood states 1971, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, San Diego.
89. Meiselman H.L. The future in sensory/consumer research: . . .. . . evolving to a better science. Food Quality and Preference 2013, 27:208-214.
90. Mojet J., Dürrschmid K., Danner L., Jöchl M., Heiniö R-L, Holthuysen N, Köster E.P. Are implicit emotion measurements evoked by foods unrelated to liking?. Food Research International 2015, 76:224-232. (in this issue).
91. Mojet J., Köster E.P. Texture and flavour memory in foods: An incidental learning experiment. Appetite 2002, 38:110-117.
92. Mojet J., Köster E.P. Sensory memory and food texture. Food Quality and Preference 2005, 16:251-266.
93. Møller P., Mojet J., Köster E.P. Incidental and intentional flavour memory in young and older subjects. Chemical Senses 2007, 32(6):557-567.
94. Monahan J.L., Murphy S.T., Zajonc R.B. Subliminal mere exposure: Specific, general and diffuse effects. Psychological Science 2000, 11(6):462-466.
95. Morin-Audebrand L., Mojet J., Chabanet C., Issanchou S., Møller P., Köster E.P., et al. The role of novelty detection in food memory. Acta Psychologica 2012, 139:233-238.
96. Moskowitz H. Inter-relating data sets for product development: The reverse engineering approach. Food Quality and Preference 2000, 11(s 1-2):105-119.
97. Murphy F.C., Nimmo-Smith I., Lawrence A.D. Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: A meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 2003, 3(3):207-233.
98. Nederkoorn C., Smulders F., Havermans R., Jansen A. Exposure to binge food in bulimia nervosa: Finger pulse amplitude as a potential measure of urge to eat and predictor of food intake. Appetite 2004, 42:125-130.
99. Nederkoorn C., Smulders F.T.Y., Jansen A. Cephalic phase responses, craving and food intake in normal subjects. Appetite 2000, 35:45-55.
100. Ng M., Chaya C., Hort J. Beyond liking: Comparing the measurement of emotional response using EsSense profile and consumer defined check-all-that-apply methodologies. Food Quality and Preference 2013, 28:193-205.
101. Phan K.L., Wager T.D., Liberzon I. Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. NeuroImage 2002, 16:331-348.
102. Piqueras-Fiszman B., Jaeger S.R. The impact of evoked consumption contexts and appropriateness on emotion responses. Food Quality and Preference 2014, 32:277-288.
103. Piqueras-Fiszman B., Jaeger S.R. Emotion responses under evoked consumption contexts: A focus on the consumers' frequency of product consumption and the stability of responses. Food Quality and Preference 2014, 35:24-41.
104. Piqueras-Fiszman B., Jaeger S.R. The impact of the means of context evocation on consumer's emotion associations towards eating occasions. Food Quality and Preference 2014, 37:61-70.
105. Porcherot C., Delplanque S., Planchais A., Gaudeau N., Cayeux I. Seeing, smelling, feeling! Is there an influence of color on subjective affective responses to perfumed fabric softeners?. Food Quality and Preference 2013, 27:161-169.
106. Porcherot C., Delplanque S., Ravot-Derrien S., Le Calvé B., Chréa C., Gaudreau N., et al. How do you feel when you sell this ? Optimization of a verbal measurement of odor-elicited emotions. Food Quality and Preference 2010, 21:938-947.
107. Porcherot C., Petit E., Giboreau A., Gaudreau N., Cayeux I. Measurement of self-reported feelings when an aperitif is consumed in an ecological setting. Food Quality and Preference 2015, 39:277-284.
108. Pudel V., Westenhöfer J. Ernährungspsychologie 1991, Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen.
109. Reimann E.M., Lane R.D., Ahorn G.L., Schwarz G.E. Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997, 154:918-925.
110. Richins M.L. Measuring emotions in the consumption experience. Journal of Consumer Research 1997, 24:127-146.
111. Rolls E.T. The brain and emotion 1999, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
112. Rousset S., Deiss V., Juillard E., Schlich P., Droit-Volet S. Emotions generated by meat and other food products in women. British Journal of Nutrition 2005, 94:609-616.
113. Schachter S. Obesity and eating. Science 1968, 161:751-756.
114. Schachter S. Some extraordinary facts about obese humans and rats. American Psychologist 1971, 26:129-144.
115. Schachter S., Goldman R., Gordon A. Effects of fear, food deprivation, and obesity on eating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1968, 10:91-97.
116. Schifferstein H.J.N., Mojet J., Kole A.P.W. Asymmetry in the disconfirmation of expectations for natural yoghurt. Appetite 1999, 32:307-329.
117. Slochower J. Excessive eating: The role of emotions and environment 1983, Human Sciences Press, New York.
118. Spinelli S., Masi C., Dinnella C., Zoboli G.P., Monteleone E. How does it make you feel? A new approach to measuring emotions in food experience. Food Quality and Preference 2014, 37:109-122.
119. Spinelli S., Masi C., Zoboli G.P., Prescott J., Monteleone E. Emotional responses to branded and unbranded foods. Food Quality and Preference 2015, 42:1-11.
120. Thayer R.E. The biopsychology of mood and arousal 1989, Oxford University Press, New York.
121. Thomson D.M.H., Crocker C. A data-driven classification of feelings. Food Quality and Preference 2013, 27:137-152.
122. Thomson D.M.H., Crocker C., Marketo C.G. Linking sensory characteristics to emotions: An example using dark chocolate. Food Quality and Preference 2010, 21:1117-1125.
123. Vreugdenberg L., Bryan J., Kemps E. The effect of self-initiated weight-loss dieting on working memory: The role of preoccupying cognitions. Appetite 2003, 41:291-300.
124. Wallis D.J., Hetherington M.M. Stress and eating: The effects of ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional eaters. Appetite 2004, 43:39-46.
125. Ward A., Mann T. Don't mind if I do: Disinhibited eating under cognitive load. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 78:753-763.
126. Watson D., Clark L.A., Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, 54:1063-1070.
127. Whalen P.J., Rauch S.L., Etcoff N.L., McInerney S.C., Lee M.B., Jenike M.A. Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience 1998, 18(1):411-418.
128. Wiemers U.S., Sauvage M.M., Wolf O.T. Odors as effective retrieval cues for stressful episodes. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 2014, 112:230-235.
129. Winkielman P., Berridge K., Scher S. Emotion, consciousness and social behavior. Handbook of social neuroscience 2011, 195-211. Oxford University Press, Oxford. J. Decety, J.T. Cacioppo (Eds.).
130. Winkielman P., Berridge K.C., Wilbarger J. Unconscious affective reactions to masked happy versus angry faces influence consumption behavior and judgments of value. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2005, 31(1):121-135.
131. Wurtman R.J., Hefti F., Melamed E. Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis. Pharmacological Reviews 1981, 32:315-335.
132. Wurtman J.J., Wurtman R.J., Growdon J.H., Henry P., Lipscomb A., Zeisel S.H. Carbohydrate craving in obese people: Suppression by treatments affecting serotoninergic transmission. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1981, 1:2-15.
133. Zucco G.M., Aiello L., Turuani L., Köster E.P. Odor-evoked autobiographical memories: Age and gender differences along the life span. Chemical Senses 2012, 37:179-189.
134. Zuckerman M., Lubin B. Manual for the multiple affect adjective check list 1965, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, San Diego.
135. Zuckerman M., Lubin B. The multiple affect adjective check list revised 1985, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, San Diego.