Canola/Rapeseed Proteins and Peptides

Applied Food Protein Chemistry

Volumn 9781119944492, Issue , 2014, Pages 193-218

  Aachary, Ayyappan Appukuttan ^a   Thiyam Hollander, Usha ^a   Eskin, Michael N A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Canola; Cruciferin; Functional and bioactive properties; Napin; Proteins; Rapeseed

Indexed keywords

EMULSIFICATION; GELATION; NUTRITION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES;

BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES; CANOLA; CANOLA PROTEIN; CRUCIFERIN; FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES; NAPIN; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PHYSICO-CHEMICALS; RAPESED; WATER RETENTION CAPACITY;

PEPTIDES;

EID: 84927794882     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118860588.ch10     Document Type: Chapter

References (165)

1. Aachary, A.A. and Thiyam, U. (2012). A pursuit of the functional, nutritional and bioactive properties of canola proteins and peptides. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52(11):965-979.
2. Adam, A., Cugno, M., Molinaro, G., Perez, M., and Lepage, Y. (2002). Aminopeptidase P in individuals with a history of angio-edema on ACE inhibitors. Lancet 359:2088-2089.
3. Adler-Nissen, J. (1986). In: Adler-Nissen, J. (ed) Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Food Proteins. London and NY: Elsevier Applied Science. pp. 263-313.
4. Aguilera, J.M. (1995). Gelation of whey proteins. Food Technol. 49:83-89.
5. Alireza-Sadeghi, M. and Bhagya, S. (2008). Quality characterization of pasta enriched with mustard proteins. J. Food Sci. 73:S229-S237.
6. Allan, G.L. and Booth, M.A. (2004). Effects of extrusion processing on digestibility of peas, lupins, canola meal and soybean meal in silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell) diets. Aquaculture Res. 35:981-991.
7. Aluko, R.E. and McIntosh, T. (2001). Polypeptide profile and functional properties of defatted meals and protein isolates of canola seeds. J. Sci. Food Agric. 81:391-396.
8. Aluko, R.E., McIntosh, T., and Katepa-Mupondwa, F. (2005). Comparative study of the polypeptide profiles and functional properties of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea seed meals and protein concentrates. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85:1931-1937.
9. Anderson, J.S., Higgs, D.A., Beames, R.M., and Rowshandeli, M. (1997). Fish meal quality assessment for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared in sea water. Aquacult. Nutr. 3:25-38.
10. Arntfield, S.D. (1994). Thermal gelation of globular proteins. Current Topics in Peptide Protein Res. 1:261-273.
11. Arntfield, S.D. and Cai, R. (1998). Protein polysaccharide interactions during network formation: observations involving canola protein. In: Sessa, D.J. and Willett, J.L. (eds) Paradigm for Successful Utilization of Renewable Resources. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists Society. pp. 108-122.
12. Arntfield, S.D. and Hickling, D. 2011. Meal nutrition and utilization. Chapter 10 In: Daun, J.K., Eskin, N.A.M., and Hickling, D. (eds) Canola: Chemistry, Production, Processing, and Utilization. AOCS Monograph Series on Oilseeds (4). Urbana, IL, USA: AOCS Press. pp. 281-312.
13. Arntfield, S.D. and Murray, E.D. (1992). Impact of heating rate on thermal properties and network formation for vicilin and ovalbumin at various pH values. J. Food Sci. 57: 640-646.
14. Arntfield, S.D., Murray, E.D., and Ismond, M.A.H. (1990a). Influence of salts on the microstructural and rheological properties of heat-induced protein networks from ovalbumin and vicilin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1335-1343.
15. Arntfield, S.D., Murray, E.D., and Ismond, M.A.H. (1990b). Influence of protein charge on the microstructural and rheological properties of heat-induced networks from ovalbumin and vicilin. J. Texture Stud. 21:295-322.
16. Arntfield, S.D., Murray, E.D., and Ismond, M.A.H. (1991). Role of disulfide bonds in determining the rheological and microstructural properties of heat-induced protein networks from ovalbumin and vicilin. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39:1378-1385.
17. Belova, LA. (2000). Angiotensin II-generating enzymes. Biochemistry (Moscow) 65(12):1337-1345.
18. Bjerg, B., Eggum, B.O., Jacobsen, I., Otte, J., and Soerensen, H. (1989). Anti-nutritional and toxic effects in rats of individual glucosinolates (±myrosinase) added to a standard diet (2). J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 61:227-244.
19. Blouet, C., Mariotti, F., Azzout-Marniche, D., Mathe, V., Mikogami, T., Tome, D., and Huneau, J.F. (2007). Dietary cysteine alleviates sucrose-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 42:1089-1097.
20. Bos, C., Airinei, G., Mariotti, F., Bernamouzing, R., Berot, S., Evrard, J., Fenart, E., Tome, D., and Gaudichon, C. (2007). The poor digestibility of rapeseed protein is balanced by its very high metabolic utilization in humans. J. Nutr. 137:594-600.
21. Buchanan, J., Sarac, H.Z., Poppi, D., and Cowan, R.T. (1997). Effects of enzyme addition to canola meal in prawn diets. Aquaculture 151:29-35.
22. Burel, C., Boujard, T., Tulli F., and Kaushik, S. (2000a). Digestibility of extruded peas, extruded lupin, and rapeseed meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture 188:285-298.
23. Burel, C., Boujard, T., Kaushik, S., Boeuf, G., Van Der Geyten, S., Mol, K.A., Kuhn, E.R., Quinsac, A., Krouti, M., and Ribailler, D. (2000b). Potential of plant-protein sources as fishmeal substitutes for turbot (Psetta maxima): growth, nutrient utilization and thyroid status. Aquaculture 188:363-382.
24. Burel, C., Boujard, T., Escaffre, A.M., Kaushik, S.J., Boeuf, G., Mol, K.A., Van der Geyten, S., and Kiihn, E. (2000c). Dietary low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal affects thyroid status and nutrient utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Br. J. Nutr. 83:653-664.
25. Burel, C., Boujard, T., Kaushik, S.J., Boeuf, G., Mol, K.A., Van der Geyten, S., Darras, V.M., Kuhn, E.R., Pradet-Balade, B., Querat, B., Quinsac, A., Krouti, M., and Ribaillier, D. (2001). Effects of rapeseed meal glucosinolates on thyroid metabolism and feed utilization in rainbow trout. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 124:343-358.
26. Canola Council of Canada. 1990. Canola Oil and Meal: Standards and Regulations. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Canola Council of Canada Publication. p. 4.
27. Carpentier, Y.A., Portois, L., and Malaisse, W.J. (2006). n-3 fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83:1499S-1504S.
28. Chabanon, G., Alves da Costa, L., Farges, B., Harscoat, C., Chenu, S., Goergen, J.L., Marc, A., Marc, I., and Chevalot, I. (2008). Influence of the rapeseed protein hydrolysis process on CHO cell growth. Bioresour. Technol. 99:7143-7151.
29. Chan, N.N. and Chan, J.C. (2002). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a potential link between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in insulin resistance syndrome? Diabetologia 45:1609-1616.
30. Cho, C.Y., Slinger, S.J., and Bailey, H.S. (1982). Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes: energy intake expenditure and productivity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 73B:25-41.
31. Colagiuri, S. and Brand Miller, J.C. (1997). The metabolic syndrome: from inherited survival trait to a health care problem. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 105(2):54-60.
32. Cumby, N., Zhong, Y., Naczk, M., and Shahidi, F. (2008). Antioxidant activity and water-holding capacity of canola protein hydrolysates. Food Chem. 109:144-148.
33. Dalgalarrondo, M., Robin, J.M., and Azanza, J.L. (1986). Subunit composition of the globulin fraction of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Plant Sci. 43:115-24.
34. Daly, M. (2003). Sugars, insulin sensitivity and the postprandial state. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78: 865S-872S.
35. Davies, S.J., McConnell, S., and Bateson, R. (1990). Potential of rapeseed meal as an alternative protein source in complete diets for tilapia (Oreochromics mossambicus Peters). Aquaculture 87:145-154.
36. De Schrijver, R. (1990). Cholesterol metabolism in mature and immature rats fed animal or plant protein. J. Nutr. 120:1624-1632.
37. Deparis, V., Durrieu, C., Schweizer, M., Marc, I., Goergen, J.L., Chevalot, I., and Marc, A. (2003). Promoting effect of rapeseed proteins and peptides on Sf9 insect cell growth. Cytotechnol. 42:75-85.
38. Farges-Haddani, B., Chenu, S., Marc, A., and Goergen, J.L. (2008). Kinetics of IFN-g producing CHO cells and other industrially relevant cell lines in rapeseed-supplemented batch cultures. Process Biochem. 43:945-953.
39. Farges-Haddani, B., Tessier, B., Chenu, S., Chevalot, I., Harscoat, C., Marc, I., Goergen, J.L., and Marc, A. (2006). Peptidic fractions of rapeseed hydrolysates as an alternative to animal proteins in mammalian cell culture media. Process Biochem. 41:2297-2304.
40. Feldeisen, S.E. and Tucker, K.L. (2007). Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32:46-60.
41. Forster, I., Higgs, D.A., Dosanjh, M.R., and Parr, J. (1999). Potential for dietary phytase to improve the nutritive value of canola protein concentrate and decrease phosphorus output in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held in 11°C fresh water. Aquaculture 179: 109-125.
42. Fujita, H., Yokoyama, K., and Yoshikawa, M. (2000). Classification and antihypertensive activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from food protein. J. Food Sci. 65:564-569.
43. Gehrig, P.M., Krzyzaniak, A., Barciszewski, J., and Biemann, K. (1998). Mass spectrometric amino acid sequencing of a mixture of seed storage proteins (napin) from Brassica napus products of a multigene Family. Biochem. 93:3647-3652.
44. Gill, T.A. and Tung M.A. (1978). Thermally induced gelation of the 12S rapeseed glycoprotein. J. Food Sci. 43(5):1481-1485.
45. Glencross, B., Hawkins, W., and Curnow, J. (2004). Nutritional assessment of Australian canola meals. I. Evaluation of canola oil extraction method and meal processing conditions on the digestible value of canola meals fed to the red sea bream (Pagrus auratus, Paulin). Aquaculture Res. 35:15-24.
46. Gomes, E.F., Corraze, G., and Kaushik, S.J. (1993). Effects of dietary incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas) on growth, nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 113:339-353.
47. Gruener, L. and Ismond, M.A.H. (1997). Effects of acetylation and succinylation on the functional properties of the canola 12s globulin. Food Chem. 60(4):513-520.
48. Guo, X., Tian, S., and Small, D.M. (2010). Generation of meat-like flavourings from enzymatic hydrolysates of proteins from Brassica sp. Food Chem. 119(1):167-172.
49. Hajen, W.E., Beames, R.M., Higgs, D.A., and Dosanjh, B.S. (1993a). Digestibility of various feedstuffs by post-juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in sea water. 1. Validation of technique. Aquaculture 112:321-332.
50. Hajen, W.E., Higgs, D.A., Beames, R.M., and Dosanjh, B.S. (1993b). Digestibility of various feedstuffs by post juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water. 2. Measurement of digestibility. Aquaculture 112:333-348.
51. Hamada, J.S. (2000). Characterization and functional properties of rice bran proteins modified by commercial exo-protease and endo-protease. J. Food Sci. 57:1223-1229.
52. Higgs, D.A., Dosanjh, B.S., Beames, R.M., Prendergast, A.F., Mwachireya, S.A., and Deacon, G. (1996). Nutritive value of rapeseed/canola protein products for salmonids. In: Fischer, N. (ed) CFIA Proceeding, May 15-17, 1996, Dartmouth/Halifax. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Feed Industry Association (CFIA). pp. 187-196.
53. Higgs, D.A., Fagerlund, U.H.M., McBride, J.R., Plotniko, M.D., Dosanjh, B.S., Markert, J.R., and Davidson, J. (1983). Protein quality of Altex canola meal for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) considering dietary protein and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine content. Aquaculture, 34:213-238.
54. Higgs, D.A., McBride, J.R., Markert, J.R., Dosanjh, B.S., Plotniko, M.D., and Clarke, W.C. (1982). Evaluation of tower and candle rapeseed (canola) meal and bronowski rapeseed protein concentrate as protein supplements in practical dry diets for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhychus tshawytcha). Aquaculture 29:1-31.
55. Higgs, D.A., Dosanjh, B.S., Prendergast, A.F., Beames, R.M., Hardy, R.W., Riley, W., and Deacon, G. (1995). Use of rapeseed/canola protein products in finfish diets. In: Lim, C.E. and Sessa, D.J. (eds) Nutrition and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture. Champaign, IL: AOCS Press. pp. 130-156.
56. Higgs, D.A., Prendergast, A.F., Dosanjh, B.S., Beames, D.M., Deacon, G., and Hardy, R.W. (1994). Canola protein offers hope for efficient salmon production. In: Mackinlay, D.D. (ed) High Performance Fish. Vancouver, BC: Fish Physiology Association. pp. 377-382.
57. Hilton, J.W. and Slinger, S.J. (1986). Digestibility and utilization of canola meal in practical-type diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian J. Fisheries Aquatic Sci. 43:1149-1155.
58. Hines, M.E. and Foegeding, E.A. (1993). Interactions of α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin with β-lactoglobulin in thermally induced gelation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41:341-346.
59. Hoglund, A.S., Rodin, J., Larsson, E., and Rask, L. (1992). Distribution of napin and cruciferin in developing rapeseed embryo. Plant Physiol. 98:509-515.
60. Hollenberg, N.K. (2000). The renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular disease. Blood Press. Suppl. 1:5-8.
61. Hyun, E.H. and Kang, Y.J. (1999). Gelation of rapeseed protein with microbial transglutaminase. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31(5):1262-1267.
62. Ismond, M.A.H. and Welsh, W.D. (1992). Application of new methodology to canola protein isolation. Food Chem. 45:125-127.
63. Jackson, A.J., Capper, B.S., and Matty, A.J. (1982). Evaluation of plant proteins in complete diets for tilapia, Sarotherodon mossambicus. Aquaculture 27:97-109.
64. Jyothi, T.C., Singh, S.A., and Appu Rao, A.G. (2007a). Conformation of napin (Brassica juncea) in salts and monohydric alcohols: Contribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:4229-4236.
65. Jyothi, T.C., Sinha, S., Singh, S.A., Surolia, A., and Appu Rao, A.G. (2007b). Napin from Brassica juncea: Thermodynamic and structural analysis of stability. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1774:907-919.
66. Kapel, R., Rahhou, E., Lecouturier, D., Guillochon, D., and Dhuslster, P. (2006). Characterization of an antihypertensive peptide from an alfalfa white protein hydrolysate produced by a continuous enzymatic membrane reactor. Process Biochem. 41:1961-1966.
67. Khorasani, G.R., Robinson, P.H., and Kennelly, J.J. (1993). Effects of canola meal treated with acetic acid on ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1607-1616.
68. Kim, S.K., Byun, H.G., Park, P.J., and Shahidi, F. (2001). Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides purified from bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:2992-2997.
69. Kissil, G.W., Lupatsch, I., Higgs, D.A., and Hardy, R.W. (2000). Dietary substitution of soy and rapeseed protein concentrates for fish meal and their effects on growth and nutrient utilization in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. Aquaculture Res. 31:595-602.
70. Kodagoda, L.P., Nakai, S., and Powrie, W.D. (1973). Some functional properties of rapeseed protein isolates and concentrates. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 6:266-269.
71. Krause, J.P. and Schwenke, K.D. (2001). Behavior of a protein isolate from rapeseed (Brassica napus) and its main protein components-globulin and albumin at air/solution and solid interfaces, and in emulsions. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 21:29-36.
72. Krzyzaniak, A., Burova, T., and Barciszewski, J. (1998). The structure and properties of napin-seed storage protein from rape (Brassica napus L.). Nahrung 42:201-204.
73. Lavigne, C., Marette, A., and Jacques, H. (2000). Cod and soy proteins compared with casein improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278:E491-E500.
74. Lavigne, C., Tremblay, F., Asselin, G., Jacques, H., and Marette, A. (2001). Prevention of skeletal muscle insulin resistance by dietary cod protein in high fat-fed rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 281:E62-E71.
75. Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H., Park, J.S., Choi, Y.J., and Lee, J.S. (2004). Isolation and characterization of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from the edible mushroom Tricholoma giganteum. Peptides 25:621-627.
76. Lee, T.G. and Maruyama, S. (1998). Isolation of HIV-1 protease-inhibiting peptides fromthermolysin hydrolysate of oyster proteins. Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun. 253:604-608.
77. Leger, L.W. and Arntfield, S.D. (1993). Thermal gelation of the 12S canola globulin. J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc. 70:853-861.
78. Li, C.H., Matsui, T., Matsumoto, K., Yamasaki, R., and Kawasaki, T. (2002). Latent production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from buckwheat protein. J. Peptide Sci. 8:267-274.
79. Li, G.H., Wan, J.Z., Le, G.W., and Shi, Y.H. (2006). Novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides isolated from alcalase hydrolysate of mung bean protein. J. Peptide Sci. 12:509-514.
80. Lim, C., Beames, R.M., Eales, J.G., Prendergast, A.F., Mcleese, J.M., Shearer, K.D., and Higgs, D.A. (1997). Nutritive values of low and high fibre canola meals for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquacult. Nutr. 3:269-279.
81. Loew, F.M., Doige, C.E., Manns, J.G., Searcy, G.P., Bell, J.M., and Jones, J.D. (1976). Evaluation of dietary rapeseed protein concentrates flours in rats and dogs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 35:257-267.
82. Lonnerdal, B., Gillberg, L., and Tornell, B. (1977). Preparation of rapeseed protein isolates: a study of rapeseed protein isolates by molecular sieve chromatography. J. Food Sci. 42:75-79.
83. Malabat, C., Sanchez-Vioque, R., Rabiller, C., and Guéguen, J. (2001). Emulsifying and foaming properties of native and chemically modified peptides from the 2S and 12S proteins of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:235-241.
84. Mallikarjun Gouda, K.G., Gowda, L.R., Appu Rao, A.G., and Prakash, V. (2006). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from glycinin, the 11S globulin of soybean (Glycine max). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:4568-4573.
85. Mansour, E.H., Sworschak, E., Huszka, T., Hovari, J., and Gergely, A. (1996). Utilization of pumpkin seed and rapeseed proteins in the preparation of bologna type sausages. Acta Aliment. 25:25-36.
86. Mansour, E.H., Dworschak, E., Pollhamer, Z., Gergely, A., and Hovari, J. (1999). Pumpkin and canola seed proteins and bread quality. Acta Aliment. 28:59-70.
87. Marcone, M.F., Kakuda, Y., and Yada, R.Y. (1998). Salt-soluble seed globulins of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants II. Structural characterization. Food Chem. 63:265-274.
88. Marczak, E.D., Usui, H., Fujita, H., Yang, Y., Yokoo, M., Lipkowski, A.W., and Yoshikawa, M. (2003). New antihypertensive peptides isolated from rapeseed. Peptides 24:791-798.
89. Marczak, E.D., Ohinata, K., Lipkowski, A.W., and Yoshikawa, M. (2006). Arg-Ile-Tyr (RIY) derived from rapeseed protein decreases food intake and gastric emptying after oral administration in mice. Peptides 27:2065-2068.
90. Mariotti, F., Hermier, D., Sarrat, C., Magne, J., Fenart, E., Evrard, J., Tome, D., and Huneau, J.F. (2008). Rapeseed protein inhibits the initiation of insulin resistance by a high saturated fat, highsucrose diet in rats. Bri. J. Nutr. 100:984-991.
91. Matthews, D.M. (1977). Protein absorption-then and now. Gastroenterol. 73:1267-1279.
92. Mawson, R., Heany, R.K., Zdunczyk, Z., and Kozlowska, H. (1995). Rapeseed meal glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects 7. Processing. Die Nahrung 39:32-41.
93. McAllister, T.A., Cheng, K.J., Beauchemin, K.A., Bailey, D.R.C., Pickard, M.D., and Gilbert, R.P. (1993). Use of lignosulfonate to decrease the rumen degradability of canola meal protein. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 73:211-215.
94. McCurdy, S.M. and March, B.E. (1992). Processing of canola meal for incorporation in trout and salmon diets. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 69:213-220.
95. McKinnon, J.J., Olubobokun, J.A., Mustafa, A., and Christensen, R.D.H. (1995). Influence of dry heat treatment of canola meal on site and extent of nutrient disappearance in ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 56:243-252.
96. Meisel, H. (2004). Multifunctional peptides encrypted in milk proteins. Biofactors 21:55-61.
97. Mejia, L.A., Chandrashekhar, K., Korgaonkar, Schweizer, M., Chengelis, C., Marit, G., Ziemer, E., Grabiel, R., and Empie, M. (2009a).A 13 week sub-chronic dietary toxicity study of a cruciferinrich canola protein isolate in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47:2645-2654.
98. Mejia, L.A., Chandrashekhar, K., Korgaonkar, Schweizer, M., Chengelis, C., Novilla, M., Ziemer, E., Williamson-Hughes, P.S., Grabiel, R., and Empie, M. (2009b). A 13-week dietary toxicity study in rats of a Napin-Rich Canola Protein Isolate. Regulatory Toxicol. Pharmacol. 55:394-402.
99. Monsalve, R.I. and Rodriguez, R. (1990). Purification and characterization of proteins from the 2S fraction from seeds of the Brassicaceae family. J. Expt. Bot. 41:89-94.
100. Moran, T.H. and Kinzig, K.P. (2004). Gastrointestinal satiety signals II. Cholecystokinin. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 286(2):G183-188.
101. Moshtaghi Nia, S.A. and Ingalls, J.R. (1992). Effect of heating on canola meal protein degradation in the rumen and digestion in the lower gastrointestinal tract of steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 72:83-88.
102. Moshtaghi Nia, S.A. and Ingalls, J.R. (1995). Influence of moist heat treatment on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of amino acids from canola meal. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1552-1560.
103. Mwachireya, S.A., Beames, R.M., Higgs, D.A., and Dosanjh, B.S. (1999). Digestibility of canola protein products derived from the physical, enzymatic and chemical processing of commercial canola meal in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) held in fresh water. Aquacult. Nutr. 5:73-82.
104. Nakamura, Y., Yamamoto, N., Sakai, K., Okubo, A., Yamazaki, S., and Takano, T. (1995). Purification and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from sour milk. J. Dairy Sci. 78:777-783.
105. Neumann, G.M., Condron, R., Thomas, I., and Polya, G.M. (1996a). Purification and sequencing of multiple forms of Brassica napus seed napin large chains that are calmodulin antagonists and substrates for plant calcium-dependent protein kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Protein Struct. Mol. Enzymol. 1295:34-43.
106. Neumann, G.M., Condron, R., and Polya, G.M. (1996b). Purification and sequencing of yellow mustard seed napin small and large chains that are phosphorylated by plant calcium-dependent protein kinase and are calmodulin antagonists. Plant Sci. 119:49-66.
107. Newkirk, R.W., Classen, H.L., Scott, T.A., and Edney, M.J. (2003). The digestibility and contend of amino acids in toasted and non-toasted canola meals. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83:131-139.
108. Nioi, C., Kapel, R., Rondags, E., and Marc, I. (2012). Selective extraction, structural characterization and antifungal activity assessment of napins from an industrial rapeseed meal. Food Chem. 134:2149-2155.
109. Paulson, A.T. and Tung, M.A. (1988). Emulsification Properties of succinylated Canola Protein Isolate. J. Food Sci. 53(3):817-820.
110. Paulson, A.T. and Tung, M.A. (1989a). Thermally induced gelation of succinylated canola protein isolate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:316-326.
111. Paulson, A.T. and Tung, M.A. (1989b). Dynamic shear and puncture probe measurements of canola protein isolate gels. J. Texture Stud. 19:389-396.
112. Pinterits, A. and Arntfield, S.D. (2007). The effect of limited proteolysis on canola protein gelation. Food Chem. 102:1337-1343.
113. Pinterits, A. and Arntfield, S.D. (2008). Improvement of canola protein gelation properties through enzymatic modification with Transglutaminase. LWT Food Sci.Technol. 41:128-138.
114. Plass, R., Bleyl, D.W.R., Lewerenz, H.J., and Kroll, J. (1992). Toxicological evaluation of rapeseed products in a sub-acute feeding study in rats. Nahrung 36:248-252.
115. Reaven, G.M. (2005). The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 25:391-406.
116. Riche, M. and Brown, P.B. (1999). Incorporation of plant protein feedstuffs into fish meal diets for rainbow trout increases phosphorus availability. Aquacult. Nutr. 5:101-105.
117. Rubino, M.I., Arntfield, S.D., Nadon, C.A., and Bernatsky, A. (1996). Phenolic protein interactions in relation to the gelation properties of canola protein. Food Res. Intern. 29:653-659.
118. Sadeghi, A.A. and Shawrang, P. (2006). Effects of microwave irradiation on ruminal degradability and in vitro digestibility of canola meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127:45-54.
119. Saito, K., Jin, D.H., Ogawa, T., Muramoto, K., Hatakeyama, E., Yasuhaya, T., and Nokihara, K. (2003). Antioxidant properties of tripeptide libraries prepared by the combinatorial chemistry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:3668-3674.
120. Savoie, V.J. and Arntfield, S.D. (1996). Effect of pH and cations on the thermally induced gelation of ovalbumin. J. Texture Stud. 27:286-306.
121. Scherrer, U. and Sartori, C. (2000). Defective nitric oxide synthesis: a link between metabolic insulin resistance, sympathetic over activity and cardiovascular morbidity. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 142: 315-323.
122. Schwenke, K.D. (1994). Rapeseed protein. In: Hudson, J.F. (ed) New and Developing Sources of Food Proteins. London, UK: Chapman and Hall. pp. 281-306.
123. Seseko, S. and Kaneko, Y. (1985). Cough associated with the use of captopril. Arch. Intern. Med. 145:1524-1529.
124. Shawrang, P., Nikkhah, A., Zare-Shahneh, A., Sadeghi, A.A., Raisali, G., and Moradi-Shahrebabak, M. (2008). Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical composition and ruminal protein degradation of canola meal. Radiation Phys. Chem. 77(7):918-922.
125. Shewry, P.R., Napler, J.A., and Tatham, A.S. (1995). Seed storage proteins: Structure and biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7:945-956.
126. Sosulski, F.W. (1979). Organoleptic and nutritional effects of phenolic compounds on oilseed protein products: a review. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56:711-714.
127. Sosulski, F.W. (1983). Rapeseed protein for food use. In: Hudson, B.J.F. (ed) Developments in Food Proteins-2. London and New York: Applied Science Publishers. pp. 109-132.
128. Sosulski, F.W, Humbert, E.S., Bui, K., and Jones, J.D. (1976). Functional properties of rapeseed flours, concentrates and isolates. J. Food Sci. 41:1349-52.
129. Sosulski, F.W. and Thacker, P. (1993). Oil quality, chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of press cakes from enzyme-treated canola. In: Fitzpatrick, K. (ed) 10th Project Rep., Res. on Canola Seed, Oil and Meal. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Canola Council of Canada. pp. 44-63.
130. Strader, A.D. and Woods, S.C. (2005). Gastrointestinal hormones and food intake. Gastroenterol. 128(1):175-191.
131. Suh, H.J., Whang, J.H., Kim, Y.S., Bae, S.H., and Noh, D.O. (2003). Preparation of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor from corn gluten. Process Biochem. 38:1239-1244.
132. Tan, S.H., Mailer, R.J., Blanchard, C.L., and Agboola, S.O. (2011a). Extraction and characterization of protein fractions from Australian canola meals. Food Res. Int. 44:1075-1082.
133. Tan, S.H., Mailer, R.J., Blanchard, C.L., and Agboola, S.O. (2011b). Canola proteins for human consumption: extraction, profile, and functional properties. J. Food Sci. 76(1):R16-28.
134. Terras, F.R., Torrekens, S., Van Leuven, F., Osborn, R.W., Vanderleyden, J., Cammue, B.P., and Broekaert, W.F. (1993a). A new family of basic cysteine-rich plant antifungal proteins from Brassicaceae species. FEBS Lett. 316:233-240.
135. Terras, F.R., Schoofs, H., Thevissen, K., Osborn, R.W., Vanderleyden, J., Cammue, B.P., and Broekaert, W.F. (1993b). Synergistic enhancement of the antifungal activity of wheat and barley thionins by radish and oilseed rape 2S albumins and by barley trypsin inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 103:1311-1319.
136. Teskeredzic, Z., Higgs, D.A., Dosanjh, B.S., McBride, J.R., Hardy, R.W., Beames, R.M., Jones, J.D., Simell, M., Vaara, T., and Bridges, R.B. (1995). Assessments of undephytinized and dephytinized rapeseed protein concentrate as sources of dietary protein for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 131:261-277.
137. Thiessen, D.L., Maenz, D.D., Newkirk, R.W., Classen H.L., and Drew, M.D. (2004). Replacement of fishmeal by canola protein concentrate in diets fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult. Nutr. 10:379-388.
138. Thompson, L.U., Liu, R.K.F., and Jones, J.D. (1982). Functional properties and food applications of rapeseed protein concentrate. J. Food Sci. 47:1175-1180.
139. Townsend, A.A. and Nakai, S. (1983). Relationships between hydrophobicity and foaming characteristics of food proteins. J. Food Sci. 48:588-594.
140. Tripathi, M.K. and Mishra, A.S. (2007). Glucosinolates in animal nutrition: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 132:1-27.
141. Unger, T. (2002). The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 89(2A):3A-9A.
142. Uppstom, B. (1995). Seed chemistry. In: Kimber, D.S. and McGregor, D.I. (eds) Brassica Oilseeds. Wallingford, England: CAB Int. pp. 217-42.
143. Uruakpa, F.O. and Arntfield, S.D. (2004). Rheological characteristics of commercial canola protein isolate- κ-carrageenan systems. Food Hydrocoll. 18:419-427.
144. Uruakpa, F.O. and Arntfield, S.D. (2005a). Emulsifying characteristics of commercial canola protein-hydrocolloid systems. Food Res. Int. 38:659-672.
145. Uruakpa, F.O. and Arntfield, S.D. (2006a). Surface hydrophobicity of commercial canola proteins mixed with κ-carrageenan or guar gum. Food Chem. 95:255-263.
146. Uruakpa, F.O. and Arntfield, S.D. (2006b). Impact of urea on the microstructure of commercial canola protein-carrageenan network: a research note. Int. J. Biolo. Macromol. 38:115-119.
147. Uruakpa, F.O. and Arntfield, S.D. (2005b). The physico-chemical properties of commercial canola protein isolate-guar gum gels. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 40:643-653.
148. USDA. (2012). Canola. United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Services. www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/soybeans-oil-crops/canola.aspx Van Etten, C.H. and Tookey, H.L. (1983). Glucosinolates. In: Rechcigl, M. (ed) Naturally Occurring FoodToxicants. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. pp. 15-30.
149. Vioque, J., Sanchez-Vioque, R., Clemente, A., and Pedeoche, J. (2000). Partially hydrolyzed rapeseed protein isolates with improved functional properties. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 77:447-450.
150. Wanasundara, J.P.D. (2011). Proteins of Brassicaceae oilseeds and their potential as plant protein source. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 51(7):635-677.
151. Webster, C.D., Tiu, L.G., Tidwell, J.H., and Grizzle, J.M. (1997). Growth and body composition of channel cat fish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets containing various percentages of canola meal. Aquaculture 150:103-112.
152. Whistler, R.L. and BeMiller, J.N. (1997). Carbohydrate Chemistry for Food Scientists. St Paul, MN: American Association of Cereal Chemists. pp. 187-194.
153. Wu, J., Muir, A.D., and Aluko, R.E. (2003). ACE inhibitory peptides from plant materials. PCT, WO 2004/057976 A1.
154. Wu, J. and Ding, X. (2002). Characterization of inhibition and stability of soy protein derived angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Food Res. Int. 35:367-375.
155. Wu, J. and Muir, A.D. (2008). Comparative structural, emulsifying, and biological properties of 2 major canola proteins, cruciferin and napin. J. Food Sci. 73:C210-C216.
156. Wu, J., Aluko, R.E., and Muir, A.D. (2008). Purification of angiotensin I-converting enzymeinhibitory peptides from the enzymatic hydrolysate of defatted canola meal. Food Chem. 111:942-950.
157. Wu, J., Aluko, R.E., and Muir, A.D. (2009). Production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from defatted canola meal. Bioresource Technol. 100:5283-5287.
158. Xue, Z., Liu, Z., Wu, M., Zhuang, S., and Yu, W. (2009). Effect of rapeseed peptide on DNA damage and apoptosis in Hela cells. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. Article in Press: doi:10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.013
159. Yoshie-Stark, Y., Wada, Y., and Wasche, A. (2008). Chemical composition, functional properties, and bioactivities of rapeseed protein isolates. Food Chem. 107:32-39.
160. Yoshie-Stark, Y. and Wasche, A. (2004). In vitro binding of bile acids by lupin protein isolates and their hydrolysates. Food Chem. 88:179-184.
161. Yurkowski, M., Bailey, J.D., Evans, R.E., Tabachek, J.L., Ayles, G.B., and Eales, J.G. (1978). Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:951-962.
162. Yust, M.M., Pedroche, J., Megias, C., Giron-Calle, J., Alaiz, M., Millan, F., and Vioque, J. (2004). Rapeseed protein hydrolysates: a source of HIV protease peptide inhibitors. Food Chem. 87:387-392.
163. Zaman, M.A., Oparil, S., and Calhoun, D.A. (2002). Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1:621-626.
164. Zhou, Q.C. and Yue, R.T. (2009). Effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on growth, feed utilization and haematological indices of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture Res. Article published online: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02381.
165. Zirwer, D., Gast, K., Welfle, H., Schlesier, B., and Schwenke, K.D. (1985). Secondary structure of globulins from plant seeds: a re-evaluation from circular dichroism measurements. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 7(2):105-108.