메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 491-508

Alterations in drug disposition in older adults

Author keywords

Absorption; Aging; Distribution; Elimination; Metabolism; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGING; BODY COMPOSITION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DISPOSITION; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG PENETRATION; FIRST PASS EFFECT; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LIVER BLOOD FLOW; LIVER CELL; NASOGASTRIC TUBE; PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING; REVIEW; STOMACH PH; AGE; AGED; ANIMAL; METABOLISM; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHYSIOLOGY; VERY ELDERLY;

EID: 84924794952     PISSN: 17425255     EISSN: 17447607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1004310     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (86)

References (181)
  • 2
    • 78549273675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of aging and frailty
    • Fedarko NS. The biology of aging and frailty. Clin Geriatr Med 2011;27:27-37
    • (2011) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.27 , pp. 27-37
    • Fedarko, N.S.1
  • 3
    • 0029116061 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and its relationship to ageing
    • Richter C. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and its relationship to ageing. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1995;27:647-53
    • (1995) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.27 , pp. 647-653
    • Richter, C.1
  • 4
    • 0033929763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the aging process
    • Higami Y, Shimokawa I. Apoptosis in the aging process. Cell Tissue Res 2000;301:125-32
    • (2000) Cell Tissue Res , vol.301 , pp. 125-132
    • Higami, Y.1    Shimokawa, I.2
  • 5
    • 2642572647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology
    • McLean AJ, Le Couteur DG. Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2004;56:163-84
    • (2004) Pharmacol Rev , vol.56 , pp. 163-184
    • McLean, A.J.1    Le Couteur, D.G.2
  • 6
    • 84859712227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic changes associated with aging and implications for drug therapy
    • Sera LC, McPherson ML. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic changes associated with aging and implications for drug therapy. Clin Geriatr Med 2012;28:273-86
    • (2012) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.28 , pp. 273-286
    • Sera, L.C.1    McPherson, M.L.2
  • 8
    • 0347319044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Basic principles and practical applications
    • Mangoni AA, Jackson SH. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004;57:6-14
    • (2004) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 6-14
    • Mangoni, A.A.1    Jackson, S.H.2
  • 9
    • 33646824741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presentation of illness in older adults If you think you know what you're looking for, think again
    • Amella EJ. Presentation of illness in older adults. If you think you know what you're looking for, think again. AORN J 2006;83:372-89
    • (2006) AORN J , vol.83 , pp. 372-389
    • Amella, E.J.1
  • 10
    • 77950355875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment considerations for elderly and frail patients with neuropathic pain
    • Schmader KE, Baron R, Haanpaa ML, et al. Treatment considerations for elderly and frail patients with neuropathic pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85:S26-32
    • (2010) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.85 , pp. S26-S32
    • Schmader, K.E.1    Baron, R.2    Haanpaa, M.L.3
  • 11
    • 0035695389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver function and phase i drug metabolism in the elderly
    • Schmucker D. Liver function and phase I drug metabolism in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2001;18:837-51
    • (2001) Drugs Aging , vol.18 , pp. 837-851
    • Schmucker, D.1
  • 13
    • 84960603005 scopus 로고
    • Aged heterogeneity: Fact or fiction? the fate of diversity in gerontological research
    • Nelson EA, Dannefer D. Aged heterogeneity: fact or fiction?. The fate of diversity in gerontological research. Gerontologist 1992;32:17-23
    • (1992) Gerontologist , vol.32 , pp. 17-23
    • Nelson, E.A.1    Dannefer, D.2
  • 14
    • 80051539378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is antiarrhythmic treatment in the elderly different? a review of the specific changes
    • Deneer VHM, Van Hemel NM. Is antiarrhythmic treatment in the elderly different?: a review of the specific changes. Drugs Aging 2011;28:617-33
    • (2011) Drugs Aging , vol.28 , pp. 617-633
    • Deneer, V.H.M.1    Van Hemel, N.M.2
  • 15
    • 39149117687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical implications of ageing for rational drug therapy
    • Shi S, Morike K, Klotz U. The clinical implications of ageing for rational drug therapy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008;64:183-99
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 183-199
    • Shi, S.1    Morike, K.2    Klotz, U.3
  • 16
    • 80051518702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: Health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions
    • Lehnert T, Heider D, Leicht H, et al. Review: health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions. Med Care Res Rev 2011;68:387-420
    • (2011) Med Care Res Rev , vol.68 , pp. 387-420
    • Lehnert, T.1    Heider, D.2    Leicht, H.3
  • 17
    • 60049100078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare AIHW Canberra
    • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Older Australia at a glance. AIHW; Canberra: 2007
    • (2007) Older Australia at A Glance
  • 19
    • 84859988424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting and detecting adverse drug reactions in old age: Challenges and opportunities
    • Mangoni AA. Predicting and detecting adverse drug reactions in old age: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8:527-30
    • (2012) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 527-530
    • Mangoni, A.A.1
  • 20
    • 25844458497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that can affect sensitivity to neurotoxic sequelae in elderly individuals
    • Ginsberg G, Hattis D, Russ A, Sonawane B. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that can affect sensitivity to neurotoxic sequelae in elderly individuals. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1243-9
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 1243-1249
    • Ginsberg, G.1    Hattis, D.2    Russ, A.3    Sonawane, B.4
  • 21
    • 0033624618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/dynamic correlations during the 20th century
    • Hochhaus G, Barrett JS, Derendorf H. Evolution of pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/dynamic correlations during the 20th century. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:908-17
    • (2000) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 908-917
    • Hochhaus, G.1    Barrett, J.S.2    Derendorf, H.3
  • 22
    • 34548257223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of advancing age on P-glycoprotein expression and activity: Current knowledge and future directions
    • Mangoni AA. The impact of advancing age on P-glycoprotein expression and activity: current knowledge and future directions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007;3:315-20
    • (2007) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.3 , pp. 315-320
    • Mangoni, A.A.1
  • 23
    • 70149103802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism in the elderly
    • Klotz U. Pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism in the elderly. Drug Metab Rev 2009;41:67-76
    • (2009) Drug Metab Rev , vol.41 , pp. 67-76
    • Klotz, U.1
  • 24
    • 0030808491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mature stomach: Still pumping out acid?
    • Feldman M. The mature stomach: still pumping out acid?. JAMA 1997;278:681-2
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 681-682
    • Feldman, M.1
  • 25
    • 0032798507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and gastrointestinal physiology
    • Blechman MB, Gelb AM. Aging and gastrointestinal physiology. Clin Geriatr Med 1999;15:429-38
    • (1999) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.15 , pp. 429-438
    • Blechman, M.B.1    Gelb, A.M.2
  • 26
    • 0030771935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric acidity in older adults
    • Hurwitz A, Brady DA, Schaal S, et al. Gastric acidity in older adults. JAMA 1997;278:659-62
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 659-662
    • Hurwitz, A.1    Brady, D.A.2    Schaal, S.3
  • 27
    • 33748669286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of aging, gastric mucosal atrophy and dietary habits on gastric secretion
    • Nakamura K, Ogoshi K, Makuuchi H. Influence of aging, gastric mucosal atrophy and dietary habits on gastric secretion. Hepatogastroenterology 2006;53:624-8
    • (2006) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.53 , pp. 624-628
    • Nakamura, K.1    Ogoshi, K.2    Makuuchi, H.3
  • 28
    • 25844439617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and the environment: A research framework
    • Geller AM, Zenick H. Aging and the environment: a research framework. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1257-62
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 1257-1262
    • Geller, A.M.1    Zenick, H.2
  • 29
    • 0022197022 scopus 로고
    • Aging and drug disposition: An update
    • Schmucker D. Aging and drug disposition: an update. Pharmacol Rev 1985;37:133-48
    • (1985) Pharmacol Rev , vol.37 , pp. 133-148
    • Schmucker, D.1
  • 30
    • 0042513541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric function in the elderly: Effects on absorption of ketoconazole
    • Hurwitz A, Ruhl CE, Kimler BF, et al. Gastric function in the elderly: effects on absorption of ketoconazole. J Clin Pharmacol 2003;43:996-1002
    • (2003) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 996-1002
    • Hurwitz, A.1    Ruhl, C.E.2    Kimler, B.F.3
  • 31
    • 37149005153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the direct oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran in healthy elderly subjects
    • Stangier J, Stahle H, Rathgen K, Fuhr R. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the direct oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran in healthy elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47:47-59
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.47 , pp. 47-59
    • Stangier, J.1    Stahle, H.2    Rathgen, K.3    Fuhr, R.4
  • 32
    • 31344440556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug absorption in the elderly: Biopharmaceutical considerations for the antiepileptic drugs
    • Gidal BE. Drug absorption in the elderly: biopharmaceutical considerations for the antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res 2006;68(Suppl 1):S65-9
    • (2006) Epilepsy Res , vol.68 , pp. S65-S69
    • Gidal, B.E.1
  • 33
    • 0017398365 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the oral absorption characteristics in man of dipotassium clorazepate at normal and elevated gastric p.H.
    • Abruzzo CW, Macasieb T, Weinfeld R, et al. Changes in the oral absorption characteristics in man of dipotassium clorazepate at normal and elevated gastric pH. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1977;5:377-90
    • (1977) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.5 , pp. 377-390
    • Abruzzo, C.W.1    MacAsieb, T.2    Weinfeld, R.3
  • 36
    • 0026055336 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between systemic drug absorption and gastrointestinal transit after the simultaneous oral administration of carbamazepine as a controlled-release system and as a suspension of 15Nlabelled drug to healthy volunteers
    • Wilding I, Davis S, Hardy J, et al. Relationship between systemic drug absorption and gastrointestinal transit after the simultaneous oral administration of carbamazepine as a controlled-release system and as a suspension of 15Nlabelled drug to healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32:573-9
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 573-579
    • Wilding, I.1    Davis, S.2    Hardy, J.3
  • 37
    • 0024804838 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Sinemet CR: A summary of human studies
    • Yeh K, August T, Bush D, et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Sinemet CR: a summary of human studies. Neurology 1989;39:25-38
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 25-38
    • Yeh, K.1    August, T.2    Bush, D.3
  • 38
    • 0030060305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoltinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of controlled-release oxycodone
    • Kaiko RF, Benzinger DP, Fitzmartin RD, et al. Pharmacoltinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of controlled-release oxycodone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:52-61
    • (1996) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.59 , pp. 52-61
    • Kaiko, R.F.1    Benzinger, D.P.2    Fitzmartin, R.D.3
  • 39
    • 0036889708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and neural control of the GI tract IV Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging
    • Orr WC, Chen CL. Aging and neural control of the GI tract: IV. Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;283:G1226-31
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.283 , pp. G1226-G1231
    • Orr, W.C.1    Chen, C.L.2
  • 41
    • 84924815374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small intestinal permeability in older adults
    • Valentini L, Ramminger S, Haas V, et al. Small intestinal permeability in older adults. Physiol Rep 2014;2:e00281
    • (2014) Physiol Rep , vol.2 , pp. e00281
    • Valentini, L.1    Ramminger, S.2    Haas, V.3
  • 42
    • 9644299890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug therapy in the elderly
    • Turnheim K. Drug therapy in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2004;39:1731-8
    • (2004) Exp Gerontol , vol.39 , pp. 1731-1738
    • Turnheim, K.1
  • 43
    • 40049110714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: An exception or the rule?
    • Dobson PD, Kell DB. Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: an exception or the rule?. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008;7:205-20
    • (2008) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.7 , pp. 205-220
    • Dobson, P.D.1    Kell, D.B.2
  • 44
    • 0032781361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal plasma membrane calcium pump protein and its induction by 1, 25 (OH 2)D(3) decrease with age
    • Armbrecht HJ, Boltz MA, Kumar VB. Intestinal plasma membrane calcium pump protein and its induction by 1, 25 (OH)(2)D(3) decrease with age. Am J Physiol 1999;277:G41-7
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277 , pp. G41-G47
    • Armbrecht, H.J.1    Boltz, M.A.2    Kumar, V.B.3
  • 45
    • 85007898212 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging on intracellular transport of vitamin B12 B12) in rat enterocytes
    • Toyoshima M, Inada M, Kameyama M. Effects of aging on intracellular transport of vitamin B12 (B12) in rat enterocytes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo) 1983;29:1-10
    • (1983) J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo , vol.29 , pp. 1-10
    • Toyoshima, M.1    Inada, M.2    Kameyama, M.3
  • 46
    • 0026629674 scopus 로고
    • Changes in gastrointestinal function attributed to aging
    • Russell RM. Changes in gastrointestinal function attributed to aging. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:1203S-7S
    • (1992) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.55 , pp. 1203S-7S
    • Russell, R.M.1
  • 47
    • 0036093847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mucosa of the small intestine
    • Doherty M, Charman W. The mucosa of the small intestine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002;41:235-53
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.41 , pp. 235-253
    • Doherty, M.1    Charman, W.2
  • 48
    • 0029337445 scopus 로고
    • P-glycoprotein expression and regulation Age-related changes and potential effects on drug therapy
    • Gupta S. P-glycoprotein expression and regulation. Age-related changes and potential effects on drug therapy. Drugs Aging 1995;7:19-29
    • (1995) Drugs Aging , vol.7 , pp. 19-29
    • Gupta, S.1
  • 49
    • 34748874678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic crisis in the elderly
    • ElDesoky ES. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic crisis in the elderly. Am J Ther 2007;14:488-98
    • (2007) Am J Ther , vol.14 , pp. 488-498
    • Eldesoky, E.S.1
  • 50
    • 0342547065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of diet, aging and disease-states on presystemic elimination and oral drug bioavailability in humans
    • Wilkinson GR. The effects of diet, aging and disease-states on presystemic elimination and oral drug bioavailability in humans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1997;27:129-59
    • (1997) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.27 , pp. 129-159
    • Wilkinson, G.R.1
  • 51
    • 21044454600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug metabolism and ageing
    • Wynne H. Drug metabolism and ageing. J Br Menopause Soc 2005;11:51-6
    • (2005) J Br Menopause Soc , vol.11 , pp. 51-56
    • Wynne, H.1
  • 52
    • 0023918735 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine
    • Robertson DR, Waller DG, Renwick AG, George CF. Age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988;25:297-305
    • (1988) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 297-305
    • Robertson, D.R.1    Waller, D.G.2    Renwick, A.G.3    George, C.F.4
  • 54
    • 0021326145 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of calcium blockers in patients with renal insufficiency and in geriatric patients
    • Storstein L, Larsen A, Midtbø K, Saevareid L. Pharmacokinetics of calcium blockers in patients with renal insufficiency and in geriatric patients. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1983;681:25-30
    • (1983) Acta Med Scand Suppl , vol.681 , pp. 25-30
    • Storstein, L.1    Larsen, A.2    Midtbø, K.3    Saevareid, L.4
  • 55
    • 0018386403 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ageing on the hepatic clearance of propranolol
    • Castleden C, George C. The effect of ageing on the hepatic clearance of propranolol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979;7:49-54
    • (1979) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 49-54
    • Castleden, C.1    George, C.2
  • 56
    • 0018731154 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and cigarette smoking on propranolol disposition
    • Vestal R, Wood A, Branch R, et al. Effects of age and cigarette smoking on propranolol disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979;26:8
    • (1979) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.26 , pp. 8
    • Vestal, R.1    Wood, A.2    Branch, R.3
  • 58
    • 0020596675 scopus 로고
    • Amitriptyline disposition in young and elderly normal men
    • Schulz P, Turner-Tamiyasu K, Smith G, et al. Amitriptyline disposition in young and elderly normal men. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;33:360-6
    • (1983) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.33 , pp. 360-366
    • Schulz, P.1    Turner-Tamiyasu, K.2    Smith, G.3
  • 59
    • 0017743032 scopus 로고
    • Plasma level of chlormethiazole and two metabolites after oral administration to young and aged human subjects
    • Nation R, Vine J, Triggs E, Learoyd B. Plasma level of chlormethiazole and two metabolites after oral administration to young and aged human subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1977;12:137-45
    • (1977) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 137-145
    • Nation, R.1    Vine, J.2    Triggs, E.3    Learoyd, B.4
  • 60
    • 19644374120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear mixed effects model analysis of the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in routinely treated Japanese patients
    • Taguchi M, Nozawa T, Mizumaki K, et al. Nonlinear mixed effects model analysis of the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in routinely treated Japanese patients. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:1642-8
    • (2004) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.27 , pp. 1642-1648
    • Taguchi, M.1    Nozawa, T.2    Mizumaki, K.3
  • 62
    • 78751646435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and antihypertensive profile of amlodipine and felodipine-ER in younger versus older patients with hypertension
    • Leenen FH, Coletta E. Pharmacokinetic and antihypertensive profile of amlodipine and felodipine-ER in younger versus older patients with hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010;56:669-75
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 669-675
    • Leenen, F.H.1    Coletta, E.2
  • 64
    • 0023225515 scopus 로고
    • Age and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chronic enalapril treatment
    • Lees KR, Reid JL. Age and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chronic enalapril treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;41:597-602
    • (1987) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.41 , pp. 597-602
    • Lees, K.R.1    Reid, J.L.2
  • 65
    • 0027244446 scopus 로고
    • The effects of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of benazepril and enalapril
    • Macdonald N, Sioufi A, Howie C, et al. The effects of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of benazepril and enalapril. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993;36:205-9
    • (1993) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.36 , pp. 205-209
    • MacDonald, N.1    Sioufi, A.2    Howie, C.3
  • 66
    • 33749600731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in young and very elderly subjects
    • Abe M, Smith J, Urae A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in young and very elderly subjects. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:1724-30
    • (2006) Ann Pharmacother , vol.40 , pp. 1724-1730
    • Abe, M.1    Smith, J.2    Urae, A.3
  • 67
    • 2142639394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in CYP3A expression and activity in the rat liver, intestine, and kidney
    • Warrington JS, Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL. Age-related differences in CYP3A expression and activity in the rat liver, intestine, and kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;309:720-9
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.309 , pp. 720-729
    • Warrington, J.S.1    Greenblatt, D.J.2    Von Moltke, L.L.3
  • 68
    • 84860761523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the mRNA levels of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 isoforms in rat small intestine
    • Palasz A, Wiaderkiewicz A, Wiaderkiewicz R, et al. Age-related changes in the mRNA levels of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 isoforms in rat small intestine. Genes Nutr 2012;7:197-207
    • (2012) Genes Nutr , vol.7 , pp. 197-207
    • Palasz, A.1    Wiaderkiewicz, A.2    Wiaderkiewicz, R.3
  • 69
    • 79960586090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsomal quercetin glucuronidation in rat small intestine depends on age and segment
    • Bolling BW, Blumberg JB, Chen C-YO. Microsomal quercetin glucuronidation in rat small intestine depends on age and segment. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39:1406-14
    • (2011) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.39 , pp. 1406-1414
    • Bolling, B.W.1    Blumberg, J.B.2    Chen, C.-Y.O.3
  • 70
    • 57649131047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication administration through enteral feeding tubes
    • Williams NT. Medication administration through enteral feeding tubes. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008;65:2347-57
    • (2008) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.65 , pp. 2347-2357
    • Williams, N.T.1
  • 71
    • 0034928582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home artificial nutritional support: The value of the British Artificial Nutrition Survey
    • Elia M, Stratton R, Holden C, et al. Home artificial nutritional support: the value of the British Artificial Nutrition Survey. Clin Nutr 2001;20:61-6
    • (2001) Clin Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 61-66
    • Elia, M.1    Stratton, R.2    Holden, C.3
  • 72
    • 33846618206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of home artificial nutrition in Italy in 2005 a survey by the Italian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SINPE)
    • Pironi L, Candusso M, Biondo A, et al Prevalence of home artificial nutrition in Italy in 2005: a survey by the Italian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SINPE). Clin Nutr 2007;26:123-32
    • (2007) Clin Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 123-132
    • Pironi, L.1    Candusso, M.2    Biondo, A.3
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0020059929 scopus 로고
    • Interference of oral phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric feedings
    • Bauer LA. Interference of oral phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric feedings. Neurology 1982;32:570-0
    • (1982) Neurology , vol.32 , pp. 570-571
    • Bauer, L.A.1
  • 75
    • 0343526752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenytoin and enteral feedings: Does evidence support an interaction?
    • Yeung SCA, Ensom MH. Phenytoin and enteral feedings: does evidence support an interaction?. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:896-905
    • (2000) Ann Pharmacother , vol.34 , pp. 896-905
    • Yeung, S.C.A.1    Ensom, M.H.2
  • 76
    • 77950277213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenytoin blood concentrations in hospitalized geriatric patients: Oral versus nasogastric feeding tube administration
    • Lubart E, Berkovitch M, Leibovitz A, et al. Phenytoin blood concentrations in hospitalized geriatric patients: oral versus nasogastric feeding tube administration. Ther Drug Monit 2010;32:185-8
    • (2010) Ther Drug Monit , vol.32 , pp. 185-188
    • Lubart, E.1    Berkovitch, M.2    Leibovitz, A.3
  • 77
    • 84885020344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in hospitalized geriatric patients: Comparison between nasogastric tube and oral administration
    • Lubart E, Berkovitch M, Leibovitz A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in hospitalized geriatric patients: comparison between nasogastric tube and oral administration. Ther Drug Monit 2013;35:653-6
    • (2013) Ther Drug Monit , vol.35 , pp. 653-656
    • Lubart, E.1    Berkovitch, M.2    Leibovitz, A.3
  • 78
    • 0032905249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of a clarithromycin suspension administered via nasogastric tube to seriously ill patients
    • Fish DN, Abraham E. Pharmacokinetics of a clarithromycin suspension administered via nasogastric tube to seriously ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:1277-80
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 1277-1280
    • Fish, D.N.1    Abraham, E.2
  • 82
    • 77953733312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fentanyl transdermal absorption linked to pharmacokinetic characteristics in patients undergoing palliative care
    • Van Nimmen NF, Poels KL, Menten JJ, et al. Fentanyl transdermal absorption linked to pharmacokinetic characteristics in patients undergoing palliative care. J Clin Pharmacol 2010;50:667-78
    • (2010) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 667-678
    • Van Nimmen, N.F.1    Poels, K.L.2    Menten, J.J.3
  • 83
    • 84867908818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related percutaneous penetration part 2: Effect of age on dermatopharmacokinetics and overview of transdermal products
    • Konda S, Meier-Davis SR, Cayme B, et al. Age-related percutaneous penetration part 2: effect of age on dermatopharmacokinetics and overview of transdermal products. Skin Therapy Lett 2012;17:5-7
    • (2012) Skin Therapy Lett , vol.17 , pp. 5-7
    • Konda, S.1    Meier-Davis, S.R.2    Cayme, B.3
  • 85
    • 84874947831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in skin barrier function - Quantitative evaluation of 150 female subjects
    • Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M. Age-related changes in skin barrier function - quantitative evaluation of 150 female subjects. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013;35:183-90
    • (2013) Int J Cosmet Sci , vol.35 , pp. 183-190
    • Luebberding, S.1    Krueger, N.2    Kerscher, M.3
  • 86
    • 26844538919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing and changes in lung mechanics
    • Pride N. Ageing and changes in lung mechanics. Eur Respir J 2005;26:563-5
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 563-565
    • Pride, N.1
  • 87
    • 27244442120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of age-dependent changes in healthy adult lungs with diffusionweighted 3He MRI
    • Fain SB, Altes TA, Panth SR, et al. Detection of age-dependent changes in healthy adult lungs with diffusionweighted 3He MRI. Acad Radiol 2005;12:1385-93
    • (2005) Acad Radiol , vol.12 , pp. 1385-1393
    • Fain, S.B.1    Altes, T.A.2    Panth, S.R.3
  • 88
    • 43049088462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential adverse effects of bronchodilators in the treatment of airways obstruction in older people: Recommendations for prescribing
    • Gupta P, O'Mahony MS. Potential adverse effects of bronchodilators in the treatment of airways obstruction in older people: recommendations for prescribing. Drugs Aging 2008;25:415-43
    • (2008) Drugs Aging , vol.25 , pp. 415-443
    • Gupta, P.1    O'mahony, M.S.2
  • 89
    • 33746347407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need to improve inhalation technique in Europe: A report from the aerosol drug management improvement team
    • Crompton GK, Barnes PJ, Broeders M, et al. The need to improve inhalation technique in Europe: a report from the aerosol drug management improvement team. Respir Med 2006;100:1479-94
    • (2006) Respir Med , vol.100 , pp. 1479-1494
    • Crompton, G.K.1    Barnes, P.J.2    Broeders, M.3
  • 90
    • 79960192284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaler device selection: Special considerations in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barrons R, Pegram A, Borries A. Inhaler device selection: special considerations in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2011;68:1221-32
    • (2011) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.68 , pp. 1221-1232
    • Barrons, R.1    Pegram, A.2    Borries, A.3
  • 91
    • 0038784239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and short-Term retention of inhaler techniques require intact executive function in elderly subjects
    • Allen SC, Jain M, Ragab S, Malik N. Acquisition and short-Term retention of inhaler techniques require intact executive function in elderly subjects. Age Ageing 2003;32:299-302
    • (2003) Age Ageing , vol.32 , pp. 299-302
    • Allen, S.C.1    Jain, M.2    Ragab, S.3    Malik, N.4
  • 92
    • 1542329653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaler technique in older people in the community
    • Ho SF, O'Mahony MS, Steward JA, et al. Inhaler technique in older people in the community. Age Ageing 2004;33:185-8
    • (2004) Age Ageing , vol.33 , pp. 185-188
    • Ho, S.F.1    O'mahony, M.S.2    Steward, J.A.3
  • 93
    • 0021907243 scopus 로고
    • Body composition in elderly people i Determination of body composition by multiisotope method and the elimination kinetics of these isotopes in healthy elderly subjects
    • Fulop T Jr, Worum I, Csongor J, et al. Body composition in elderly people. I. Determination of body composition by multiisotope method and the elimination kinetics of these isotopes in healthy elderly subjects. Gerontology 1985;31:6-14
    • (1985) Gerontology , vol.31 , pp. 6-14
    • Fulop, T.1    Worum, I.2    Csongor, J.3
  • 94
    • 0035661501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle in older people: Cross-sectional differences in 60-year-old persons
    • Kyle UG, Genton L, Hans D, et al. Total body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle in older people: cross-sectional differences in 60-year-old persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:1633-40
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 1633-1640
    • Kyle, U.G.1    Genton, L.2    Hans, D.3
  • 95
    • 0035037572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults: Influence of muscle mass, physical activity, and health
    • Hughes VA, Frontera WR, Wood M, et al. Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults: influence of muscle mass, physical activity, and health. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:B209-17
    • (2001) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.56 , pp. B209-B2017
    • Hughes, V.A.1    Frontera, W.R.2    Wood, M.3
  • 96
    • 58149142515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Database for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling: Physiological data for healthy and health-impaired elderly
    • Thompson CM, Johns DO, Sonawane B, et al. Database for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling: physiological data for healthy and health-impaired elderly. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2009;12:1-24
    • (2009) J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev , vol.12 , pp. 1-24
    • Thompson, C.M.1    Johns, D.O.2    Sonawane, B.3
  • 97
    • 4344602911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly
    • Hughes VA, Roubenoff R, Wood M, et al. Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:475-82
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 475-482
    • Hughes, V.A.1    Roubenoff, R.2    Wood, M.3
  • 98
    • 84895074602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in body composition in a sample of Czech women aged 18-89 years: A cross-sectional study
    • Gába A, Pr?idalová M. Age-related changes in body composition in a sample of Czech women aged 18-89 years: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2014;53:167-76
    • (2014) Eur J Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 167-176
    • Gába, A.1    Pridalová, M.2
  • 99
    • 84892366525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition in 18-To 88-year-old adults - comparison of multifrequency bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
    • Sillanpää E, Cheng S, Häkkinen K, et al. Body composition in 18-To 88-year-old adults - comparison of multifrequency bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity 2014;22:101-9
    • (2014) Obesity , vol.22 , pp. 101-109
    • Sillanpää, E.1    Cheng, S.2    Häkkinen, K.3
  • 100
    • 0030922281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric characteristics of healthy Italian nonagenarians and centenarians
    • Ravaglia G, Morini P, Forti P, et al. Anthropometric characteristics of healthy Italian nonagenarians and centenarians. Br J Nutr 1997;77:9-17
    • (1997) Br J Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 9-17
    • Ravaglia, G.1    Morini, P.2    Forti, P.3
  • 101
    • 0033868999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descriptive anthropometric reference data for older Americans
    • Kuczmarski MF, Kuczmarski RJ, Najjar M. Descriptive anthropometric reference data for older Americans. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:59-66
    • (2000) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.100 , pp. 59-66
    • Kuczmarski, M.F.1    Kuczmarski, R.J.2    Najjar, M.3
  • 102
    • 27744529217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight change and the conservation of lean mass in old age: The health, aging and body composition study
    • Newman AB, Lee JS, Visser M, et al. Weight change and the conservation of lean mass in old age: the health, aging and body composition study. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:872-8
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.82 , pp. 872-878
    • Newman, A.B.1    Lee, J.S.2    Visser, M.3
  • 103
    • 0344994575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent changes of the kidneys: Pharmacological implications
    • Mühlberg W, Platt D. Age-dependent changes of the kidneys: pharmacological implications. Gerontology 1999;45:243-53
    • (1999) Gerontology , vol.45 , pp. 243-253
    • Mühlberg, W.1    Platt, D.2
  • 104
    • 0036218554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma protein binding have little clinical relevance
    • Benet LZ, Hoener BA. Changes in plasma protein binding have little clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;71:115-21
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.71 , pp. 115-121
    • Benet, L.Z.1    Hoener, B.A.2
  • 105
    • 84887035530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elimination half-life of benzodiazepines and fall risk: Two prospective observational studies
    • De Vries OJ, Peeters G, Elders P, et al. The elimination half-life of benzodiazepines and fall risk: two prospective observational studies. Age Ageing 2013;42:764-70
    • (2013) Age Ageing , vol.42 , pp. 764-770
    • De Vries, O.J.1    Peeters, G.2    Elders, P.3
  • 106
    • 1242272766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function in the elderly (70 years old) measured by means of iohexol clearance, serum creatinine, serum urea and estimated clearance
    • Fehrman-Ekholm I, Skeppholm L. Renal function in the elderly (70 years old) measured by means of iohexol clearance, serum creatinine, serum urea and estimated clearance. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2004;38:73-7
    • (2004) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.38 , pp. 73-77
    • Fehrman-Ekholm, I.1    Skeppholm, L.2
  • 107
    • 0035695389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver function and phase i drug metabolism in the elderly: A paradox
    • Schmucker DL. Liver function and phase I drug metabolism in the elderly: a paradox. Drugs Aging 2001;18:837-51
    • (2001) Drugs Aging , vol.18 , pp. 837-851
    • Schmucker, D.L.1
  • 108
    • 0018415172 scopus 로고
    • Reduced serum albumin concentration in the elderly: A report from the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program
    • Greenblatt D. Reduced serum albumin concentration in the elderly: a report from the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program. J Am Geriatr Soc 1979;27:20-2
    • (1979) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.27 , pp. 20-22
    • Greenblatt, D.1
  • 109
    • 0023866555 scopus 로고
    • The effect of age on serum albumin in healthy males: Report from the normative aging study
    • Campion EW, Delabry LO, Glynn RJ. The effect of age on serum albumin in healthy males: report from the normative aging study. J Gerontol 1988;43:M18-20
    • (1988) J Gerontol , vol.43 , pp. M18-M20
    • Campion, E.W.1    Delabry, L.O.2    Glynn, R.J.3
  • 110
    • 80855124330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult age and ex vivo protein binding of lorazepam, oxazepam and temazepam in healthy subjects
    • Chin PKL, Jensen BP, Larsen HS, Begg EJ. Adult age and ex vivo protein binding of lorazepam, oxazepam and temazepam in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011;72:985-9
    • (2011) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 985-989
    • Chin, P.K.L.1    Jensen, B.P.2    Larsen, H.S.3    Begg, E.J.4
  • 111
    • 84867359146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of adult age on the total and free clearance and protein binding of (R)- and (S)-warfarin
    • Jensen BP, Chin PKL, Roberts RL, Begg EJ. Influence of adult age on the total and free clearance and protein binding of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;74:797-805
    • (2012) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.74 , pp. 797-805
    • Jensen, B.P.1    Chin, P.K.L.2    Roberts, R.L.3    Begg, E.J.4
  • 112
    • 0032431232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age effect on fibrinogen and albumin synthesis in humans
    • Fu A, Nair KS. Age effect on fibrinogen and albumin synthesis in humans. Am J Physiol 1998;275:E1023-30
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275 , pp. E1023-E1030
    • Fu, A.1    Nair, K.S.2
  • 113
    • 0010015544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does albumin fall with increasing age in the absence of disease
    • Gunasekera J, Lee D, Jones L, et al. Does albumin fall with increasing age in the absence of disease. Age Ageing 1996;25:P29
    • (1996) Age Ageing , vol.25 , pp. P29
    • Gunasekera, J.1    Lee, D.2    Jones, L.3
  • 114
    • 0034117268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in protein binding of drugs: Implications for therapy
    • Grandison MK, Boudinot FD. Age-related changes in protein binding of drugs: implications for therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;38:271-90
    • (2000) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.38 , pp. 271-290
    • Grandison, M.K.1    Boudinot, F.D.2
  • 115
    • 41949104871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free drug metabolic clearance in elderly people
    • Butler J, Begg E. Free drug metabolic clearance in elderly people. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47:297-321
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.47 , pp. 297-321
    • Butler, J.1    Begg, E.2
  • 117
    • 0027173733 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of piroxicam in rats
    • Boudinot SG, Funderburg ED, Boudinot FD. Effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of piroxicam in rats. J Pharm Sci 1993;82:254-7
    • (1993) J Pharm Sci , vol.82 , pp. 254-257
    • Boudinot, S.G.1    Funderburg, E.D.2    Boudinot, F.D.3
  • 118
    • 0030891896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxaprozin and piroxicam, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with long half-lives: Effect of protein-binding differences on steady-state pharmacokinetics
    • Karim A, Noveck R, McMahon FG, et al. Oxaprozin and piroxicam, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with long half-lives: effect of protein-binding differences on steady-state pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 1997;37:267-78
    • (1997) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 267-278
    • Karim, A.1    Noveck, R.2    McMahon, F.G.3
  • 119
    • 0022405131 scopus 로고
    • Protein binding and disposition of lignocaine in the elderly
    • Cusack B, O'Malley K, Lavan J, et al. Protein binding and disposition of lignocaine in the elderly. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;29:323-9
    • (1985) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 323-329
    • Cusack, B.1    O'malley, K.2    Lavan, J.3
  • 120
    • 0028054999 scopus 로고
    • Extrahepatic metabolism of drugs in humans
    • Krishna DR, Klotz U. Extrahepatic metabolism of drugs in humans. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994;26:144-60
    • (1994) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.26 , pp. 144-160
    • Krishna, D.R.1    Klotz, U.2
  • 121
    • 0019182003 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of drugs by the kidney
    • Anders M. Metabolism of drugs by the kidney. Kidney Int 1980;18:636-47
    • (1980) Kidney Int , vol.18 , pp. 636-647
    • Anders, M.1
  • 122
    • 23044493080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kidneys contribute to the extrahepatic clearance of propofol in humans, but not lungs and brain
    • Hiraoka H, Yamamoto K, Miyoshi S, et al. Kidneys contribute to the extrahepatic clearance of propofol in humans, but not lungs and brain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;60:176-82
    • (2005) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 176-182
    • Hiraoka, H.1    Yamamoto, K.2    Miyoshi, S.3
  • 124
    • 11944274532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of age and sex on the clearance of cytochrome P450 3A substrates
    • Cotreau MM, von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ. The influence of age and sex on the clearance of cytochrome P450 3A substrates. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005;44:33-60
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.44 , pp. 33-60
    • Cotreau, M.M.1    Von Moltke, L.L.2    Greenblatt, D.J.3
  • 125
    • 0024565751 scopus 로고
    • The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man
    • Wynne HA, Cope LH, Mutch E, et al. The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man. Hepatology 1989;9:297-301
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.9 , pp. 297-301
    • Wynne, H.A.1    Cope, L.H.2    Mutch, E.3
  • 126
    • 0033004221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total and functional hepatic blood flow decrease in parallel with ageing
    • Zoli M, Magalotti D, Bianchi G, et al. Total and functional hepatic blood flow decrease in parallel with ageing. Age Ageing 1999;28:29-33
    • (1999) Age Ageing , vol.28 , pp. 29-33
    • Zoli, M.1    Magalotti, D.2    Bianchi, G.3
  • 127
    • 0036231685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging liver: Structural and functional changes and their consequences for drug treatment in old age
    • Zeeh J, Platt D. The aging liver: structural and functional changes and their consequences for drug treatment in old age. Gerontology 2002;48:121-7
    • (2002) Gerontology , vol.48 , pp. 121-127
    • Zeeh, J.1    Platt, D.2
  • 128
    • 0023691250 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in liver size and hepatic blood flow
    • Woodhouse K, Wynne H. Age-related changes in liver size and hepatic blood flow. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:287-94
    • (1988) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.15 , pp. 287-294
    • Woodhouse, K.1    Wynne, H.2
  • 129
    • 84856186710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug metabolism in older people - a key consideration in achieving optimal outcomes with medicines
    • McLachlan AJ, Pont LG. Drug metabolism in older people - a key consideration in achieving optimal outcomes with medicines. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012;67:175-80
    • (2012) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.67 , pp. 175-180
    • McLachlan, A.J.1    Pont, L.G.2
  • 132
    • 32944468701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium impede lipoprotein transfer in the rat
    • Hilmer SN, Cogger VC, Fraser R, et al. Age-related changes in the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium impede lipoprotein transfer in the rat. Hepatology 2005;42:1349-54
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.42 , pp. 1349-1354
    • Hilmer, S.N.1    Cogger, V.C.2    Fraser, R.3
  • 134
    • 79957813439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related pseudocapillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium impairs the hepatic clearance of acetaminophen in rats
    • Mitchell SJ, Huizer-Pajkos A, Cogger VC, et al. Age-related pseudocapillarization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium impairs the hepatic clearance of acetaminophen in rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011;66A:400-8
    • (2011) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , pp. 400-408
    • Mitchell, S.J.1    Huizer-Pajkos, A.2    Cogger, V.C.3
  • 135
    • 84866514175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of old age and poloxamer-407 on the hepatic disposition of diazepam in the isolated perfused rat liver
    • Mitchell SJ, Huizer-Pajkos A, Cogger VC, et al. The influence of old age and poloxamer-407 on the hepatic disposition of diazepam in the isolated perfused rat liver. Pharmacology 2012;90:233-41
    • (2012) Pharmacology , vol.90 , pp. 233-241
    • Mitchell, S.J.1    Huizer-Pajkos, A.2    Cogger, V.C.3
  • 136
    • 4444278991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gender, age, ethnicity, and liver cirrhosis on cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in human liver microsomes and inducibility in cultured human hepatocytes
    • Parkinson A, Mudra DR, Johnson C, et al. The effects of gender, age, ethnicity, and liver cirrhosis on cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in human liver microsomes and inducibility in cultured human hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;199:193-209
    • (2004) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.199 , pp. 193-209
    • Parkinson, A.1    Mudra, D.R.2    Johnson, C.3
  • 137
    • 0030973784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and cytochrome P450-linked drug metabolism in humans: An analysis of 226 subjects with equal histopathologic conditions[ast]
    • Sotaniemi EA, Arranto AJ, Pelkonen O, Pasanen M. Age and cytochrome P450-linked drug metabolism in humans: an analysis of 226 subjects with equal histopathologic conditions[ast]. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;61:331-9
    • (1997) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.61 , pp. 331-339
    • Sotaniemi, E.A.1    Arranto, A.J.2    Pelkonen, O.3    Pasanen, M.4
  • 138
    • 3042771954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of aging on serum phenytoin concentrations: A pharmacokinetic analysis based on therapeutic drug monitoring data
    • Battino D, Croci D, Mamoli D, et al. Influence of aging on serum phenytoin concentrations: a pharmacokinetic analysis based on therapeutic drug monitoring data. Epilepsy Res 2004;59:155-65
    • (2004) Epilepsy Res , vol.59 , pp. 155-165
    • Battino, D.1    Croci, D.2    Mamoli, D.3
  • 139
    • 10044230234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioequivalence revisited: Influence of age and sex on CYP enzymes
    • Bebia Z, Buch SC, Wilson JW, et al. Bioequivalence revisited: influence of age and sex on CYP enzymes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:618-27
    • (2004) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.76 , pp. 618-627
    • Bebia, Z.1    Buch, S.C.2    Wilson, J.W.3
  • 140
    • 24644438250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in liver structure and function: Implications for disease?
    • Schmucker DL. Age-related changes in liver structure and function: implications for disease?. Exp Gerontol 2005;40:650-9
    • (2005) Exp Gerontol , vol.40 , pp. 650-659
    • Schmucker, D.L.1
  • 141
  • 143
    • 83555176128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentially harmful drug-drug interactions in the elderly: A review
    • Hines LE, Murphy JE. Potentially harmful drug-drug interactions in the elderly: a review. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2011;9:364-77
    • (2011) Am J Geriatr Pharmacother , vol.9 , pp. 364-377
    • Hines, L.E.1    Murphy, J.E.2
  • 144
    • 0031941137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut wall metabolism of verapamil in older people: Effects of rifampicinmediated enzyme induction
    • Fromm MF, Dilger K, Busse D, et al. Gut wall metabolism of verapamil in older people: effects of rifampicinmediated enzyme induction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;45:247-55
    • (1998) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 247-255
    • Fromm, M.F.1    Dilger, K.2    Busse, D.3
  • 145
    • 0025885499 scopus 로고
    • The effect of age on glucuronidation and sulphation of paracetamol by human liver fractions
    • Herd B, Wynne H, Wright P, et al. The effect of age on glucuronidation and sulphation of paracetamol by human liver fractions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32:768-70
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 768-770
    • Herd, B.1    Wynne, H.2    Wright, P.3
  • 146
    • 74549132748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interindividual variability in hepatic drug glucuronidation: Studies into the role of age, sex, enzyme inducers, and genetic polymorphism using the human liver bank as a model system
    • Court MH. Interindividual variability in hepatic drug glucuronidation: studies into the role of age, sex, enzyme inducers, and genetic polymorphism using the human liver bank as a model system. Drug Metab Rev 2010;42:209-24
    • (2010) Drug Metab Rev , vol.42 , pp. 209-224
    • Court, M.H.1
  • 148
    • 0022622871 scopus 로고
    • The effects of age and chronic liver disease on the elimination of temazepam
    • Ghabrial H, Desmond P, Watson K, et al. The effects of age and chronic liver disease on the elimination of temazepam. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986;30:93-7
    • (1986) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 93-97
    • Ghabrial, H.1    Desmond, P.2    Watson, K.3
  • 149
    • 0020957317 scopus 로고
    • Effect of subject age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of oral triazolam and temazepam
    • Smith R, Divoll M, Gillespie W, Greenblatt D. Effect of subject age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of oral triazolam and temazepam. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1983;3:172-5
    • (1983) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 172-175
    • Smith, R.1    Divoll, M.2    Gillespie, W.3    Greenblatt, D.4
  • 150
    • 0025245869 scopus 로고
    • The association of age and frailty with paracetamol conjugation in man
    • Wynne HA, Cope LH, Herd B, et al. The association of age and frailty with paracetamol conjugation in man. Age Ageing 1990;19:419-24
    • (1990) Age Ageing , vol.19 , pp. 419-424
    • Wynne, H.A.1    Cope, L.H.2    Herd, B.3
  • 151
    • 0027179625 scopus 로고
    • The association of age and frailty with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoclopramide
    • Wynne H, Yelland C, Cope L, et al. The association of age and frailty with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoclopramide. Age Ageing 1993;22:354-9
    • (1993) Age Ageing , vol.22 , pp. 354-359
    • Wynne, H.1    Yelland, C.2    Cope, L.3
  • 152
    • 0024328813 scopus 로고
    • Plasma aspirin esterase: The influence of old age and frailty
    • Williams F, Wynne H, Woodhouse K, Rawlins M. Plasma aspirin esterase: the influence of old age and frailty. Age Ageing 1989;18:39-42
    • (1989) Age Ageing , vol.18 , pp. 39-42
    • Williams, F.1    Wynne, H.2    Woodhouse, K.3    Rawlins, M.4
  • 153
    • 80052648078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the hepatic pharmacology and toxicology of paracetamol
    • Mitchell SJ, Kane AE, Hilmer SN. Age-related changes in the hepatic pharmacology and toxicology of paracetamol. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2011;2011:624156
    • (2011) Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res , vol.2011 , pp. 624156
    • Mitchell, S.J.1    Kane, A.E.2    Hilmer, S.N.3
  • 154
    • 0030873386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function in the elderly-is the dogma of an inexorable decline of renal function correct?
    • Fliser D, Franek E, Ritz E. Renal function in the elderly-is the dogma of an inexorable decline of renal function correct?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997;12:1553-5
    • (1997) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.12 , pp. 1553-1555
    • Fliser, D.1    Franek, E.2    Ritz, E.3
  • 155
    • 38949157126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of progression of kidney dysfunction in communitydwelling older adults
    • Sesso R, Prado F, Vicioso B, Ramos LR. Prospective study of progression of kidney dysfunction in communitydwelling older adults. Nephrology 2008;13:99-103
    • (2008) Nephrology , vol.13 , pp. 99-103
    • Sesso, R.1    Prado, F.2    Vicioso, B.3    Ramos, L.R.4
  • 156
    • 4344686011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead, diabetes, hypertension, and renal function: The normative aging study
    • Tsaih S-W, Korrick S, Schwartz J, et al. Lead, diabetes, hypertension, and renal function: the normative aging study. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112(11):1178-82
    • (2004) Environ Health Perspect , vol.112 , Issue.11 , pp. 1178-1182
    • Tsaih, S.-W.1    Korrick, S.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 157
    • 13444263481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug combinations and impaired renal function-The 'triple whammy'.
    • Loboz KK, Shenfield GM. Drug combinations and impaired renal function-The 'triple whammy'. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:239-43
    • (2005) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 239-243
    • Loboz, K.K.1    Shenfield, G.M.2
  • 158
    • 84872295339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent use of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of acute kidney injury: Nested casecontrol study
    • Lapi F, Azoulay L, Yin H, et al. Concurrent use of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of acute kidney injury: nested casecontrol study. BMJ 2013;346:e8525
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346 , pp. e8525
    • Lapi, F.1    Azoulay, L.2    Yin, H.3
  • 159
    • 0021910427 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal studies on the rate of decline in renal function with age
    • Lindeman R, Tobin J, Shock N. Longitudinal studies on the rate of decline in renal function with age. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985;33:278-85
    • (1985) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.33 , pp. 278-285
    • Lindeman, R.1    Tobin, J.2    Shock, N.3
  • 160
    • 77749334639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the aging kidney
    • Aymanns C, Keller F, Maus S, et al. Review on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the aging kidney. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;5:314-27
    • (2010) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 314-327
    • Aymanns, C.1    Keller, F.2    Maus, S.3
  • 161
    • 0032005512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized structure and modular design of a pharmacokinetic database
    • Keller F, Frankewitsch T, Zellner D, et al. Standardized structure and modular design of a pharmacokinetic database. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1998;55:107-15
    • (1998) Comput Methods Programs Biomed , vol.55 , pp. 107-115
    • Keller, F.1    Frankewitsch, T.2    Zellner, D.3
  • 162
    • 0027349479 scopus 로고
    • Renal functional reserve in healthy elderly subjects
    • Fliser D, Zeier M, Nowack R, Ritz E. Renal functional reserve in healthy elderly subjects. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993;3:1371-7
    • (1993) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 1371-1377
    • Fliser, D.1    Zeier, M.2    Nowack, R.3    Ritz, E.4
  • 163
    • 38149099845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function and functional reserve in healthy elderly individuals
    • Esposito C, Plati A, Mazzullo T, et al. Renal function and functional reserve in healthy elderly individuals. J Nephrol 2007;20:617-25
    • (2007) J Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 617-625
    • Esposito, C.1    Plati, A.2    Mazzullo, T.3
  • 164
    • 47149094501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of kidney function after acute kidney injury in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Schmitt R, Coca S, Kanbay M, et al. Recovery of kidney function after acute kidney injury in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:262-71
    • (2008) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.52 , pp. 262-271
    • Schmitt, R.1    Coca, S.2    Kanbay, M.3
  • 165
    • 84898843931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of frailty on pharmacokinetics in older people: Using gentamicin population pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate changes in renal drug clearance by glomerular filtration
    • Johnston C, Hilmer S, McLachlan A, et al. The impact of frailty on pharmacokinetics in older people: using gentamicin population pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate changes in renal drug clearance by glomerular filtration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014;70:549-55
    • (2014) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.70 , pp. 549-555
    • Johnston, C.1    Hilmer, S.2    McLachlan, A.3
  • 168
    • 35848968871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States
    • Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:2038-47
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 2038-2047
    • Coresh, J.1    Selvin, E.2    Stevens, L.A.3
  • 169
    • 84880109712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Dosing in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
    • Lassiter J, Bennett WM, Olyaei AJ. Drug Dosing in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Geriatr Med 2013;29:657-705
    • (2013) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.29 , pp. 657-705
    • Lassiter, J.1    Bennett, W.M.2    Olyaei, A.J.3
  • 171
    • 77956225926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative performance of the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKDEPI) and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) study equations for estimating GFR levels above 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
    • Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Greene T, et al. Comparative performance of the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKDEPI) and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) study equations for estimating GFR levels Above 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Am J Kidney Dis 2010;56:486-95
    • (2010) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.56 , pp. 486-495
    • Stevens, L.A.1    Schmid, C.H.2    Greene, T.3
  • 172
    • 33748060961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of the effect of blood pressure on renal function in old age: The Leiden 85-plus study
    • Van Bemmel T, Woittiez K, Blauw GJ, et al. Prospective study of the effect of blood pressure on renal function in old age: the Leiden 85-plus study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:2561-6
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , pp. 2561-2566
    • Van Bemmel, T.1    Woittiez, K.2    Blauw, G.J.3
  • 173
    • 43949128108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging evidence of the impact of kidney disease on drug metabolism and transport
    • Nolin T, Naud J, Leblond F, Pichette V. Emerging evidence of the impact of kidney disease on drug metabolism and transport. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;83:898-903
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.83 , pp. 898-903
    • Nolin, T.1    Naud, J.2    Leblond, F.3    Pichette, V.4
  • 174
    • 51049095076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of chronic renal failure on drug metabolism and transport
    • Dreisbach AW, Lertora JJ. The effect of chronic renal failure on drug metabolism and transport. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008;4:1065-74
    • (2008) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.4 , pp. 1065-1074
    • Dreisbach, A.W.1    Lertora, J.J.2
  • 175
    • 84906253496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human drugmetabolising cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme activities in vitro by uremic toxins
    • Barnes KJ, Rowland A, Polasek TM, Miners JO. Inhibition of human drugmetabolising cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme activities in vitro by uremic toxins. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014;70:1097-106
    • (2014) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.70 , pp. 1097-1106
    • Barnes, K.J.1    Rowland, A.2    Polasek, T.M.3    Miners, J.O.4
  • 176
    • 79960615869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic renal failure on kidney drug transporters and cytochrome P450 in rats
    • Naud J, Michaud J, Beauchemin S, et al. Effects of chronic renal failure on kidney drug transporters and cytochrome P450 in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39:1363-9
    • (2011) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.39 , pp. 1363-1369
    • Naud, J.1    Michaud, J.2    Beauchemin, S.3
  • 177
  • 178
    • 0023947571 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of methadone clearance: Application in the management of cancer pain
    • Plummer JL, Gourlay GK, Cherry DA, Cousins MJ. Estimation of methadone clearance: application in the management of cancer pain. Pain 1988;33:313-22
    • (1988) Pain , vol.33 , pp. 313-322
    • Plummer, J.L.1    Gourlay, G.K.2    Cherry, D.A.3    Cousins, M.J.4
  • 179
    • 77951112028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methadone deaths: Risk factors in pain and addicted populations
    • Modesto-Lowe V, Brooks D, Petry N. Methadone deaths: risk factors in pain and addicted populations. J Gen Intern Med 2010;25:305-9
    • (2010) J Gen Intern Med , vol.25 , pp. 305-309
    • Modesto-Lowe, V.1    Brooks, D.2    Petry, N.3
  • 180
    • 84871953350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted metabolic drug clearance with increasing adult age
    • Polasek TM, Patel F, Jensen BP, et al. Predicted metabolic drug clearance with increasing adult age. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75:1019-28
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 1019-1028
    • Polasek, T.M.1    Patel, F.2    Jensen, B.P.3
  • 181
    • 79959484646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semiphysiological population model for prediction of the pharmacokinetics of drugs under liver and renal disease conditions
    • Strougo A, Yassen A, Krauwinkel W, et al. A semiphysiological population model for prediction of the pharmacokinetics of drugs under liver and renal disease conditions. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39:1278-87
    • (2011) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.39 , pp. 1278-1287
    • Strougo, A.1    Yassen, A.2    Krauwinkel, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.