Growth factor conjugation: Strategies and applications

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A

Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 819-838

  Hajimiri, Mirhamed ^a,b   Shahverdi, Sheida ^a   Kamalinia, Golnaz ^a,b   Dinarvand, Rassoul ^a  

^a TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

bioconjugation; conjugation; covalent; growth factor; immobilization

Indexed keywords

MOBILE SECURITY; RADIOACTIVE WASTE VITRIFICATION;

BIO-CONJUGATION; CONJUGATION; COVALENT; GROWTH FACTOR; LOCALIZED DELIVERY; NON-COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; SUBSTRATE CHEMISTRY; THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION;

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS;

ACRYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CYANAMIDE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; GROWTH FACTOR; PHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; IMMOBILIZED PROTEIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE;

ADSORPTION; CELL FUNCTION; CHEMISTRY; CLICK CHEMISTRY; CONJUGATE; CONJUGATION; DRUG DESIGN; IMMOBILIZATION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; ANIMAL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; HUMAN; PROCEDURES;

ANIMALS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; IMMOBILIZED PROTEINS; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS;

EID: 84924614827     PISSN: 15493296     EISSN: 15524965     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35193     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Carpenter G, Cohen S,. Epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 7709-7712.
2. Tada S, Kitajima T, Ito Y,. Design and synthesis of binding growth factors. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13: 6053-6072.
3. Ito Y,. Covalently immobilized biosignal molecule materials for tissue engineering. Soft Matter 2008; 4: 46-56.
4. Papanas D, Maltezos E,. Benefit-risk assessment of becaplermin in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Drug Saf 2010; 33: 455-461.
5. Vögelin E, Jones NF, Huang JI, Brekke JH, Toth JM,. Practical illustrations in tissue engineering: Surgical considerations relevant to the implantation of osteoinductive devices. Tissue Eng 2000; 6: 449-460.
6. Margolis DJ, Bartus C, Hoffstad O, Malay S, Berlin JA,. Effectiveness of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 2005; 13: 531-536.
7. Embil JM, Papp K, Sibbald G, Tousignant J, Smiell JM, Wong B, Lau CY,. Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (becaplermin) for healing chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers: An open-label clinical evaluation of efficacy. Wound Repair Regen 2000; 8: 162-168.
8. Masters KS,. Covalent growth factor immobilization strategies for tissue repair and regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11: 1149-1163.
9. Bennett NT, Schultz GS,. Growth factors and wound healing: Biochemical properties of growth factors and their receptors. Am J Surg 1993; 165: 728-737.
10. Ciardiello F, Tortora G,. A novel approach in the treatment of cancer: Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7: 2958-2970.
11. Bue P, Márquez M, Malmström PU, Westlin JE, Nilsson S, Holmberg AR,. The potential of radiolabeled EGF-dextran conjugates in the treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80: 2385-2389.
12. Luginbuehl V, Meinel L, Merkle HP, Gander B,. Localized delivery of growth factors for bone repair. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 58: 197-208.
13. Vo TN, Kasper FK, Mikos AG,. Strategies for controlled delivery of growth factors and cells for bone regeneration. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2012; 64: 1292-1309.
14. Willerth SM, Sakiyama-Elbert SE,. Approaches to neural tissue engineering using scaffolds for drug delivery. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2007; 59: 325-338.
15. King WJ, Krebsbach PH,. Growth factor delivery: How surface interactions modulate release in vitro and in vivo. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2012; 64: 1239-1256.
16. Lee K, Silva EA, Mooney DJ,. Growth factor delivery-based tissue engineering: General approaches and a review of recent developments. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8: 153-170.
17. Kuhl PR, Griffith-Cima LG,. Tethered epidermal growth factor as a paradigm for growth factor-induced stimulation from the solid phase. Nat Med 1996; 2: 1022-1027.
18. Mann BK, Schmedlen RH, West JL,. Tethered-TGF-β increases extracellular matrix production of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2001; 22: 439-444.
19. Sahni A, Odrljin T, Francis CW,. Binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to fibrinogen and fibrin. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 7554-7559.
20. Ferrara N,. Binding to the extracellular matrix and proteolytic processing: Two key mechanisms regulating vascular endothelial growth factor action. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21: 687-690.
21. Suzuki Y, Tanihara M, Suzuki K, Saitou A, Sufan W, Nishimura Y,. Alginate hydrogel linked with synthetic oligopeptide derived from BMP-2 allows ectopic osteoinduction in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 50: 405-409.
22. Kang SM, Kong B, Oh E, Choi JS, Choi IS,. Osteoconductive conjugation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 onto titanium/titanium oxide surfaces coated with non-biofouling poly (poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate). Colloids Surf B 2010; 75: 385-389.
23. Chiu LL, Weisel RD, Li RK, Radisic M,. Defining conditions for covalent immobilization of angiogenic growth factors onto scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5: 69-84.
24. Miyagi Y, Chiu LL, Cimini M, Weisel RD, Radisic M, Li R-K,. Biodegradable collagen patch with covalently immobilized VEGF for myocardial repair. Biomaterials 2011; 32: 1280-1290.
25. Liu L, Deng D, Xing Y, Li S, Yuan B, Chen J, Xia N,. Activity analysis of the carbodiimide-mediated amine coupling reaction on self-assembled monolayers by cyclic voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2013; 89: 616-622.
26. Stefonek TJ, Masters KS,. Immobilized gradients of epidermal growth factor promote accelerated and directed keratinocyte migration. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 15: 847-855.
27. Png R-Q, Chia P-J, Tang J-C, Liu B, Sivaramakrishnan S, Zhou M, Khong S-H, Chan HS, Burroughes JH, Chua L-L,. High-performance polymer semiconducting heterostructure devices by nitrene-mediated photocrosslinking of alkyl side chains. Nat Mater 2010; 9: 152-158.
28. Pohl TL, Boergermann JH, Schwaerzer GK, Knaus P, Cavalcanti-Adam EA,. Surface immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein 2 via a self-assembled monolayer formation induces cell differentiation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8: 772-780.
29. Schliephake H, Bötel C, Förster A, Schwenzer B, Reichert J, Scharnweber D,. Effect of oligonucleotide mediated immobilization of bone morphogenic proteins on titanium surfaces. Biomaterials 2012; 33: 1315-1322.
30. Kolb HC, Finn M, Sharpless KB,. Click chemistry: Diverse chemical function from a few good reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 2001; 40: 2004-2021.
31. Moore NM, Lin NJ, Gallant ND, Becker ML,. The use of immobilized osteogenic growth peptide on gradient substrates synthesized via click chemistry to enhance MC3T3-E1 osteoblast proliferation. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 1604-1611.
32. He X, Ma J, Jabbari E,. Effect of grafting RGD and BMP-2 protein-derived peptides to a hydrogel substrate on osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. Langmuir 2008; 24: 12508-12516.
33. Zhang Z, Hu J, Ma PX,. Nanofiber-based delivery of bioactive agents and stem cells to bone sites. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2012; 64: 1129-1141.
34. Puleo D, Kissling R, Sheu M.-S,. A technique to immobilize bioactive proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), on titanium alloy. Biomaterials 2002; 23: 2079-2087.
35. Schliephake H,. Application of bone growth factors-the potential of different carrier systems. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 14: 17-22.
36. Rahman N, Purpura KA, Wylie RG, Zandstra PW, Shoichet MS,. The use of vascular endothelial growth factor functionalized agarose to guide pluripotent stem cell aggregates toward blood progenitor cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 8262-8270.
37. He Q, Zhao Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Chen W, Deng F, Dai J,. Improved cellularization and angiogenesis using collagen scaffolds chemically conjugated with vascular endothelial growth factor. Acta Biomater 2011; 7: 1084-1093.
38. Lee JY, Bashur CA, Milroy CA, Forciniti L, Goldstein AS, Schmidt CE,. Nerve growth factor-immobilized electrically conducting fibrous scaffolds for potential use in neural engineering applications. NanoBioscience, IEEE Transactions on 2012; 11: 15-21.
39. Lee JH, Bae IH, Choi JK, Park JW,. Evaluation of a Highly Skin Permeable Low-Molecular-Weight Protamine Conjugated Epidermal Growth Factor for Novel Burn Wound Healing Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102: 4109-4120.
40. Shechter Y, Schlessinger J, Jacobs S, Chang K-J, Cuatrecasas P,. Fluorescent labeling of hormone receptors in viable cells: Preparation and properties of highly fluorescent derivatives of epidermal growth factor and insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1978; 75: 2135-2139.
41. Haigler HT, McKanna JA, Cohen S,. Direct visualization of the binding and internalization of a ferritin conjugate of epidermal growth factor in human carcinoma cells A-431. J Cell Biol 1979; 81: 382-395.
42. Cawley DB, Herschman HR, Gary Gilliland D, John Collier R,. Epidermal growth factor-toxin A chain conjugates: EGF-ricin A is a potent toxin while EGF-diphtheria fragment A is nontoxic. Cell 1980; 22: 563-570.
43. Miller K, Beardmore J, Kanety H, Schlessinger J, Hopkins C,. Localization of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor within the endosome of EGF-stimulated epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells. J Cell Biol 1986; 102: 500-509.
44. Shirakata Y, Komurasaki T, Toyoda H, Hanakawa Y, Yamasaki K, Tokumaru S, Sayama K, Hashimoto K,. Epiregulin, a novel member of the epidermal growth factor family, is an autocrine growth factor in normal human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 5748-5753.
45. Ogiso H, Ishitani R, Nureki O, Fukai S, Yamanaka M, Kim J-H, Saito K, Sakamoto A, Inoue M, Shirouzu M,. Crystal structure of the complex of human epidermal growth factor and receptor extracellular domains. Cell 2002; 110: 775-787.
46. Hardwicke J, Ferguson EL, Moseley R, Stephens P, Thomas DW, Duncan R,. Dextrin-rhEGF conjugates as bioresponsive nanomedicines for wound repair. J Control Release 2008; 130: 275-283.
47. Hardwicke J, Moseley R, Stephens P, Harding K, Duncan R, Thomas DW,. Bioresponsive dextrin- rhEGF conjugates: In vitro evaluation in models relevant to its proposed use as a treatment for chronic wounds. Mol Pharm 2010; 7: 699-707.
48. Hardwicke JT, Hart J, Bell A, Duncan R, Thomas DW, Moseley R,. The effect of dextrin-rhEGF on the healing of full-thickness, excisional wounds in the (db/db) diabetic mouse. J Control Release 2011; 152: 411-417.
49. Ferguson EL, Alshame AM, Thomas DW,. Evaluation of hyaluronic acid-protein conjugates for polymer masked-unmasked protein therapy. Int J Pharm 2010; 402: 95-102.
50. Son TI, Park SH, Kang HS, Son YS, Kim CH, Jang E-C,. Preparation of human epidermal growth factor/low-molecular-weight chitosan conjugates and their effect on the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. J Ind Eng Chem 2005; 11: 34-41.
51. Chung KH, Park SH, Kim MK, Park HD, Son TI,. Stabilization of epidermal growth factor on thermal and proteolytic degradation by conjugating with low molecular weight chitosan. J Appl Polym Sci 2006; 102: 5072-5082.
52. Tseng C-L, Wang T-W, Dong G-C, Yueh-Hsiu Wu S, Young T-H, Shieh M-J, Lou P-J, Lin F-H,. Development of gelatin nanoparticles with biotinylated EGF conjugation for lung cancer targeting. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 3996-4005.
53. Shimada T, Ueda M, Jinno H, Chiba N, Wada M, Watanabe J, Ishihara K, Kitagawa Y,. Development of targeted therapy with paclitaxel incorporated into EGF-conjugated nanoparticles. Anticancer Res 2009; 29: 1009-1014.
54. Park JW, Mok H, Park TG,. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor targeted delivery of PEGylated adenovirus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 366: 769-774.
55. Lee H, Kim TH, Park TG,. A receptor-mediated gene delivery system using streptavidin and biotin-derivatized, pegylated epidermal growth factor. J Control Release 2002; 83: 109-119.
56. Blessing T, Kursa M, Holzhauser R, Kircheis R, Wagner E,. Different strategies for formation of pegylated EGF-conjugated PEI/DNA complexes for targeted gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12: 529-537.
57. Choi JS, Leong KW, Yoo HS,. In vivo wound healing of diabetic ulcers using electrospun nanofibers immobilized with human epidermal growth factor (EGF). Biomaterials 2008; 29: 587-596.
58. Stefonek-Puccinelli TJ, Masters KS,. Co-immobilization of gradient-patterned growth factors for directed cell migration. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36: 2121-2133.
59. Huang EJ, Reichardt LF,. Neurotrophins: Roles in neuronal development and function. Ann Rev Neurosci 2001; 24: 677.
60. Pardridge WM,. Vector-mediated drug delivery to the brain. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1999; 36: 299-321.
61. Terenghi G,. Peripheral nerve regeneration and neurotrophic factors. J Anat 1999; 194: 1-14.
62. Sakane T, Pardridge WM,. Carboxyl-directed pegylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor markedly reduces systemic clearance with minimal loss of biologic activity. Pharm Res 1997; 14: 1085-1091.
63. Zhang Y, Pardridge WM,. Conjugation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to a blood-brain barrier drug targeting system enables neuroprotection in regional brain ischemia following intravenous injection of the neurotrophin. Brain Res 2001; 889: 49-56.
64. Wu D,. Neuroprotection in experimental stroke with targeted neurotrophins. Neurorx 2005; 2: 120-128.
65. Pardridge WM, Wu D, Sakane T,. Combined use of carboxyl-directed protein pegylation and vector-mediated blood-brain barrier drug delivery system optimizes brain uptake of brain-derived neurotrophic factor following intravenous administration. Pharm Res 1998; 15: 576-582.
66. Zhang Y, Pardridge WM,. Neuroprotection in transient focal brain ischemia after delayed intravenous administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor conjugated to a blood-brain barrier drug targeting system. Stroke 2001; 32: 1378-1384.
67. Bäckman C, Biddle P, Ebendal T, Friden P, Gerhardt G, Henry M, Mackerlova L, Söderström S, Strömberg I, Walus L,. Effects of transferrin receptor antibody-NGF conjugate on young and aged septal transplants in oculo. Exp Neurol 1995; 132: 1-15.
68. Bäckman C, Rose GM, Hoffer BJ, Henry MA, Bartus RT, Friden P, Granholm A-C,. Systemic administration of a nerve growth factor conjugate reverses age-related cognitive dysfunction and prevents cholinergic neuron atrophy. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 5437-5442.
69. Charles V, Mufson EJ, Friden PM, Bartus RT, Kordower JH,. Atrophy of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons following excitotoxic cortical lesions is reversed by intravenous administration of an NGF conjugate. Brain Res 1996; 728: 193-203.
70. Roy S, Johnston AH, Newman TA, Glueckert R, Dudas J, Bitsche M, Corbacella E, Rieger G, Martini A, Schrott-Fischer A,. Cell-specific targeting in the mouse inner ear using nanoparticles conjugated with a neurotrophin-derived peptide ligand: Potential tool for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2010; 390: 214-224.
71. Soumen R, Johnston A, Moin ST, Dudas J, Newman T, Hausott B, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R,. Activation of TrkB receptors by NGFβ mimetic peptide conjugated polymersome nanoparticles. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2012; 8: 271-274.
72. Cho YI, Choi JS, Jeong SY, Yoo HS,. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-conjugated electrospun nanostructures with topographical cues for neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 4725-4733.
73. Achyuta AKH, Cieri R, Unger K, Murthy SK,. Synergistic effect of immobilized laminin and nerve growth factor on PC12 neurite outgrowth. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25: 227-234.
74. Gomez N, Schmidt CE,. Nerve growth factor-immobilized polypyrrole: Bioactive electrically conducting polymer for enhanced neurite extension. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81: 135-149.
75. Gomez N, Lu Y, Chen S, Schmidt CE,. Immobilized nerve growth factor and microtopography have distinct effects on polarization versus axon elongation in hippocampal cells in culture. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 271-284.
76. Presta M, Dell'Era P, Mitola S, Moroni E, Ronca R, Rusnati M,. Fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor system in angiogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16: 159-178.
77. Ornitz DM,. FGFs, heparan sulfate and FGFRs: Complex interactions essential for development. BioEssays 2000; 22: 108-112.
78. Ornitz DM, Itoh N,. Fibroblast growth factors. Genome Biol 2001; 2: 3005.1-3005.12.
79. Boilly B, Vercoutter-Edouart A, Hondermarck H, Nurcombe V, Le Bourhis X,. FGF signals for cell proliferation and migration through different pathways. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2000; 11: 295-302.
80. Wu X, Li X, Zeng Y, Zheng Q, Wu S,. Site-directed PEGylation of human basic fibroblast growth factor. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 48: 24-27.
81. Sun L, Xu L, Chang H, Henry FA, Miller RM, Harmon JM, Nielsen TB,. Transfection with aFGF cDNA improves wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 108: 313-318.
82. Mellin TN, Cashen DE, Ronan JJ, Murphy BS, DiSalvo J, Thomas KA,. Acidic fibroblast growth factor accelerates dermal wound healing in diabetic mice. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104: 850-855.
83. Nguyen TH, Kim S-H, Decker CG, Wong DY, Loo JA, Maynard HD,. A heparin-mimicking polymer conjugate stabilizes basic fibroblast growth factor. Nat Chem 2013; 5: 221-227.
84. DeLong SA, Moon JJ, West JL,. Covalently immobilized gradients of bFGF on hydrogel scaffolds for directed cell migration. Biomaterials 2005; 26: 3227-3234.
85. Beitz JG, Davol P, Clark JW, Kato J, Medina M, Frackelton AR, Lappi DA, Baird A, Calabresi P,. Antitumor activity of basic fibroblast growth factor-saporin mitotoxin in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 227-230.
86. Mattar SG, Hanson SR, Pierce GF, Chen C, Hughes JD, Cook JE, Shen C, Noe BA, Suwyn CR, Scott JR,. Local infusion of FGF-saporin reduces intimal hyperplasia. J Surg Res 1996; 60: 339-344.
87. Song B-W, Vinters HV, Wu D, Pardridge WM,. Enhanced neuroprotective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in regional brain ischemia after conjugation to a blood-brain barrier delivery vector. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 301: 605-610.
88. Kang CE, Tator CH, Shoichet MS,. Poly (ethylene glycol) modification enhances penetration of fibroblast growth factor 2 to injured spinal cord tissue from an intrathecal delivery system. J Control Release 2010; 144: 25-31.
89. Urist MR,. Bone: Formation by autoinduction. Science 1965; 150: 893-899.
90. Lee S-H, Shin H,. Matrices and scaffolds for delivery of bioactive molecules in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2007; 59: 339-359.
91. Liu H-W, Chen C-H, Tsai C-L, Lin I-H, Hsiue G-H,. Heterobifunctional poly (ethylene glycol)-tethered bone morphogenetic protein-2-stimulated bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Tissue Eng 2007; 13: 1113-1124.
92. Bentz H, Schroeder J, Estridge T,. Improved local delivery of TGF-β2 by binding to injectable fibrillar collagen via difunctional polyethylene glycol. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 39: 539-548.
93. Merrett K, Griffith C, Deslandes Y, Pleizier G, Dube M, Sheardown H,. Interactions of corneal cells with transforming growth factor β2-modified poly dimethyl siloxane surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 67: 981-993.
94. Zhang H, Migneco F, Lin C-Y, Hollister SJ,. Chemically-conjugated bone morphogenetic protein-2 on three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffolds stimulates osteogenic activity in bone marrow stromal cells. Tissue Eng A 2010; 16: 3441-3448.
95. Saito A, Suzuki Y, Ogata SI, Ohtsuki C, Tanihara M,. Prolonged ectopic calcification induced by BMP-2-derived synthetic peptide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 70: 115-121.
96. Fan H, Tao H, Wu Y, Hu Y, Yan Y, Luo Z,. TGF-β3 immobilized PLGA-gelatin/chondroitin sulfate/hyaluronic acid hybrid scaffold for cartilage regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95: 982-992.
97. Chou CH, Cheng WT, Lin CC, Chang CH, Tsai CC, Lin FH,. TGF-β1 immobilized tri-co-polymer for articular cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 2006; 77: 338-348.
98. Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Gunduz M, Rodriguez A, Rivera RS, LeGeros RZ, Inoue M, Nagai N,. Effects of immobilized recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/succinylated type I atelocollagen on cellular activity of ST2 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 75: 210-215.
99. Yamachika E, Tsujigiwa H, Shirasu N, Ueno T, Sakata Y, Fukunaga J, Mizukawa N, Yamada M, Sugahara T,. Immobilized recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances the phosphorylation of receptor-activated Smads. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 88: 599-607.
100. Liu H, Webster TJ,. Ceramic/polymer nanocomposites with tunable drug delivery capability at specific disease sites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93: 1180-1192.
101. Schuessele A, Mayr H, Teßmar J, Göpferich A,. Enhanced bone morphogenetic protein-2 performance on hydroxyapatite ceramic surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90: 959-971.
102. Shi Z, Neoh KG, Kang E-T, Poh C, Wang W,. Titanium with surface-grafted dextran and immobilized bone morphogenetic protein-2 for inhibition of bacterial adhesion and enhancement of osteoblast functions. Tissue Eng A 2008; 15: 417-426.
103. Lagunas A, Comelles J, Oberhansl S, Hortigüela V, Martínez E, Samitier J,. Continuous bone morphogenetic protein-2 gradients for concentration effect studies on C2C12 osteogenic fate. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2013; 9: 694-701.
104. Heldin C-H, Westermark B,. Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev 1999; 79: 1283-1316.
105. Saik JE, Gould DJ, Watkins EM, Dickinson ME, West JL,. Covalently immobilized platelet-derived growth factor-BB promotes angiogenesis in biomimetic poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2011; 7: 133-143.
106. Aizawa Y, Leipzig N, Zahir T, Shoichet M,. The effect of immobilized platelet derived growth factor AA on neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation on cell-adhesive hydrogels. Biomaterials 2008; 29: 4676-4683.
107. Pavelic J, Matijevic T, Knezevic J,. Biological & physiological aspects of action of insulin-like growth factor peptide family. Indian J Med Res 2007; 125: 511.
108. Duan C, Xu Q,. Roles of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins in regulating IGF actions. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2005; 142: 44-52.
109. McTavish H, Griffin RJ, Terai K, Dudek AZ,. Novel insulin-like growth factor-methotrexate covalent conjugate inhibits tumor growth in vivo at lower dosage than methotrexate alone. Transl Res 2009; 153: 275-282.
110. Rosenblum MG, Cheung L, Mujoo K, Murray JL,. An antimelanoma immunotoxin containing recombinant human tumor necrosis factor: Tissue disposition, pharmacokinetic, and therapeutic studies in xenograft models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1995; 40: 322-328.
111. Tsutsumi Y, Kihira T, Tsunoda S, Kanamori T, Nakagawa S, Mayumi T,. Molecular design of hybrid tumour necrosis factor alpha with polyethylene glycol increases its anti-tumour potency. Br J Cancer 1995; 71: 963.
112. Sun M, Fink PJ,. A new class of reverse signaling costimulators belongs to the TNF family. J Immunol 2007; 179: 4307-4312.
113. Dai C, Fu Y, Chen S, Li B, Yao B, Liu W, Zhu L, Chen N, Chen J, Zhang Q,. Preparation and evaluation of a new releasable PEGylated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) conjugate for therapeutic application. Sci China Life Sci 2013; 56: 51-58.
114. Dai C, Fu Y, Li B, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang Q,. Linkage with cathepsin B-sensitive dipeptide promotes the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of PEGylated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) against murine fibrosarcoma. Sci China Life Sci 2011; 54: 128-138.
115. Saks S, Rosenblum M,. Recombinant human TNF-alpha: Preclinical studies and results from early clinical trials. Immunol Ser 1991; 56: 567-587.
116. Jiang Y-Y, Liu C, Hong M-H, Zhu S-J, Pei Y-Y,. Tumor cell targeting of transferrin-PEG-TNF-α conjugate via a receptor-mediated delivery system: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18: 41-49.
117. Zachary I, Gliki G,. Signaling transduction mechanisms mediating biological actions of the vascular endothelial growth factor family. Cardiovasc Res 2001; 49: 568-581.
118. Olson TA, Mohanraj D, Roy S, Ramakrishnan S,. Targeting the tumor vasculature: Inhibition of tumor growth by a vascular endothelial growth factor-toxin conjugate. Int J Cancer 1997; 73: 865-870.
119. André T, Kotelevets L, Vaillant JC, Coudray AM, Weber L, Prévot S, Parc R, Gespach C, Chastre E,. Vegf, Vegf-B, Vegf-C and their receptors KDR, FLT-1 and FLT-4 during the neoplastic progression of human colonic mucosa. Int J Cancer 2000; 86: 174-181.
120. Nishimura M, Miki T, Yashima R, Yokoi N, Yano H, Sato Y, Seino S,. Angiopoietin-3, a novel member of the angiopoietin family. FEBS Lett 1999; 448: 254-256.
121. Lee HJ, Cho C-H, Hwang S-J, Choi H-H, Kim K-T, Ahn SY, Kim J-H, Oh J-L, Lee GM, Koh GY,. Biological characterization of angiopoietin-3 and angiopoietin-4. FASEB J 2004; 18: 1200-1208.
122. Ramakrishnan S, Olson T, Bautch V, Mohanraj D,. Vascular endothelial growth factor-toxin conjugate specifically inhibits KDR/flk-1-positive endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 1324-1330.
123. Chiu LL, Radisic M,. Scaffolds with covalently immobilized VEGF and Angiopoietin-1 for vascularization of engineered tissues. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 226-241.
124. Leslie-Barbick JE, Moon JJ, West JL,. Covalently-immobilized vascular endothelial growth factor promotes endothelial cell tubulogenesis in poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2009; 20: 1763-1779.
125. Koch S, Yao C, Grieb G, Prevel P, Noah E, Steffens G,. Enhancing angiogenesis in collagen matrices by covalent incorporation of VEGF. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2006; 17: 735-741.
126. Wu J, Zeng F, Huang X-P, Chung JC-Y, Konecny F, Weisel RD, Li R-K,. Infarct stabilization and cardiac repair with a VEGF-conjugated, injectable hydrogel. Biomaterials 2011; 32: 579-586.