메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue , 2015, Pages 29-55

Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias: From molecular fluctuations to electrical turbulence

Author keywords

Chaos; Multiscale dynamics; Nonlinear dynamics; Sudden cardiac death; Ventricular arrhythmias

Indexed keywords

SODIUM CHANNEL; ION CHANNEL;

EID: 84922775276     PISSN: 00664278     EISSN: 15451585     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071622     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (98)

References (152)
  • 2
    • 0033865749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular fibrillation: Mechanisms of initiation and maintenance
    • Jalife J. 2000. Ventricular fibrillation: mechanisms of initiation and maintenance. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 62:25-50
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.62 , pp. 25-50
    • Jalife, J.1
  • 4
    • 3042800339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
    • Priori SG, Napolitano C. 2004. Genetics of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1015:96-110
    • (2004) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1015 , pp. 96-110
    • Priori, S.G.1    Napolitano, C.2
  • 5
    • 84893690123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular arrhythmias
    • Marsman RF, Tan HL, Bezzina CR. 2014. Genetics of sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular arrhythmias. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 11:96-111
    • (2014) Nat. Rev. Cardiol. , vol.11 , pp. 96-111
    • Marsman, R.F.1    Tan, H.L.2    Bezzina, C.R.3
  • 6
    • 0024321898 scopus 로고
    • Effect of encainide and flecainide onmortality in a random trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction
    • CAST I. 1989. Effect of encainide and flecainide onmortality in a random trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 321:406-12
    • (1989) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.321 , pp. 406-412
  • 7
    • 8944234858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of d-sotalol onmortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction
    • Waldo AL,CammAJ, deRuyterH, Friedman PL, Macneil DJ, et al. 1996. Effect of d-sotalol onmortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet 348:7-12
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 7-12
    • Waldo, A.L.1    Camm, A.J.2    Deruyter, H.3    Friedman, P.L.4    Macneil, D.J.5
  • 8
    • 0032554681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of outcomes of antiarrhythmic clinical trials: Design features and population impact
    • Myerburg RJ, Mitrani R, Interian A, Castellanos A. 1998. Interpretation of outcomes of antiarrhythmic clinical trials: design features and population impact. Circulation 97:1514-21
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1514-1521
    • Myerburg, R.J.1    Mitrani, R.2    Interian, A.3    Castellanos, A.4
  • 9
    • 51749098549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical appraisal of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death
    • Tung R, Zimetbaum P, Josephson ME. 2008. A critical appraisal of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52:1111-21
    • (2008) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 1111-1121
    • Tung, R.1    Zimetbaum, P.2    Josephson, M.E.3
  • 10
    • 84921980711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear and stochastic dynamics in the heart
    • Qu Z, Hu G, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN. 2014. Nonlinear and stochastic dynamics in the heart. Phys. Rep. 543:61-162
    • (2014) Phys. Rep. , vol.543 , pp. 61-162
    • Qu, Z.1    Hu, G.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 12
    • 0242582202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronizedwhole cell oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism triggered by a local release of reactive oxygen species in cardiac myocytes
    • AonMA, Cortassa S, Marban E, O'Rourke B. 2003. Synchronizedwhole cell oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism triggered by a local release of reactive oxygen species in cardiac myocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 278:44735-44
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 44735-44744
    • Aon, M.A.1    Cortassa, S.2    Marban, E.3    O'Rourke, B.4
  • 13
    • 77956585767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So little source, so much sink: Requirements for afterdepolarizations to propagate in tissue
    • Xie Y, Sato D, Garfinkel A, Qu Z, Weiss JN. 2010. So little source, so much sink: requirements for afterdepolarizations to propagate in tissue. Biophys. J. 99:1408-15
    • (2010) Biophys. J. , vol.99 , pp. 1408-1415
    • Xie, Y.1    Sato, D.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Qu, Z.4    Weiss, J.N.5
  • 14
    • 62549104813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronization of chaotic early afterdepolarizations in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias
    • Sato D, Xie LH, Sovari AA, Tran DX, Morita N, et al. 2009. Synchronization of chaotic early afterdepolarizations in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. PNAS 106:2983-88
    • (2009) PNAS , vol.106 , pp. 2983-2988
    • Sato, D.1    Xie, L.H.2    Sovari, A.A.3    Tran, D.X.4    Morita, N.5
  • 15
    • 0030888769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical mapping of drug-induced polymorphic arrhythmias and torsade de pointes in the isolated rabbit heart
    • Asano Y, Davidenko JM, Baxter WT, Gray RA, Jalife J. 1997. Optical mapping of drug-induced polymorphic arrhythmias and torsade de pointes in the isolated rabbit heart. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 29:831-42
    • (1997) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.29 , pp. 831-842
    • Asano, Y.1    Davidenko, J.M.2    Baxter, W.T.3    Gray, R.A.4    Jalife, J.5
  • 16
    • 0036707486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic Ca2+ triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes in rabbit hearts with type 2 long QT syndrome
    • Choi B-R, Burton F, Salama G. 2002. Cytosolic Ca2+ triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes in rabbit hearts with type 2 long QT syndrome. J. Physiol. 543:615-31
    • (2002) J. Physiol. , vol.543 , pp. 615-631
    • Choi, B.-R.1    Burton, F.2    Salama, G.3
  • 17
    • 84864775860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronization of early afterdepolarizations and arrhythmogenesis in heterogeneous cardiac tissue models
    • de Lange E, Xie Y, Qu Z. 2012. Synchronization of early afterdepolarizations and arrhythmogenesis in heterogeneous cardiac tissue models. Biophys. J. 103:365-73
    • (2012) Biophys. J. , vol.103 , pp. 365-373
    • De Lange, E.1    Xie, Y.2    Qu, Z.3
  • 18
    • 77955688268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irregularly appearing early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: Random fluctuations or dynamical chaos?
    • Sato D, Xie LH, Nguyen TP, Weiss JN, Qu Z. 2010. Irregularly appearing early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: random fluctuations or dynamical chaos? Biophys. J. 99:765-73
    • (2010) Biophys. J. , vol.99 , pp. 765-773
    • Sato, D.1    Xie, L.H.2    Nguyen, T.P.3    Weiss, J.N.4    Qu, Z.5
  • 19
    • 79954416684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaos in the genesis and maintenance of cardiac arrhythmias
    • Qu Z. 2011. Chaos in the genesis and maintenance of cardiac arrhythmias. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 105:247-57
    • (2011) Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. , vol.105 , pp. 247-257
    • Qu, Z.1
  • 20
    • 36048938672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmogenic mechanisms in a mouse model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
    • Cerrone M, Noujaim SF, Tolkacheva EG, Talkachou A, O'Connell R, et al. 2007. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms in a mouse model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circ. Res. 101:1039-48
    • (2007) Circ. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 1039-1048
    • Cerrone, M.1    Noujaim, S.F.2    Tolkacheva, E.G.3    Talkachou, A.4    O'Connell, R.5
  • 21
    • 79953240802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia: Ping pong in the His-Purkinje system
    • Baher AA, Uy M, Xie F, Garfinkel A, Qu Z,Weiss JN. 2011. Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia: ping pong in the His-Purkinje system. Heart Rhythm 8:599-605
    • (2011) Heart Rhythm , vol.8 , pp. 599-605
    • Baher, A.A.1    Uy, M.2    Xie, F.3    Garfinkel, A.4    Qu, Z.5    Weiss, J.N.6
  • 22
    • 0002969190 scopus 로고
    • On circulating excitation on heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation
    • Mines GR. 1914. On circulating excitation on heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation. Trans. R. Soc. Can. 4:43-52
    • (1914) Trans. R. Soc. Can. , vol.4 , pp. 43-52
    • Mines, G.R.1
  • 23
    • 0000080729 scopus 로고
    • Spiral waves of chemical activity
    • Winfree AT. 1972. Spiral waves of chemical activity. Science 175:634-36
    • (1972) Science , vol.175 , pp. 634-636
    • Winfree, A.T.1
  • 24
    • 0026507547 scopus 로고
    • Stationary and drifting spiral waves of excitation in isolated cardiac muscle
    • Davidenko JM, Pertsov AM, Salomonsz R, Baxter W, Jalife J. 1992. Stationary and drifting spiral waves of excitation in isolated cardiac muscle. Nature 355:349-51
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 349-351
    • Davidenko, J.M.1    Pertsov, A.M.2    Salomonsz, R.3    Baxter, W.4    Jalife, J.5
  • 25
    • 0034230788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of spiral wave meander and breakup in a twodimensional cardiac tissue model
    • Qu Z, Xie F, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN. 2000. Origins of spiral wave meander and breakup in a twodimensional cardiac tissue model. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28:755-71
    • (2000) Ann. Biomed. Eng. , vol.28 , pp. 755-771
    • Qu, Z.1    Xie, F.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 26
    • 0036788545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of ventricular fibrillation in isolated rabbit hearts-importance of excitability and action potential duration restitution
    • Wu TJ, Lin SF, Weiss JN, Ting CT, Chen PS. 2002. Two types of ventricular fibrillation in isolated rabbit hearts-importance of excitability and action potential duration restitution. Circulation 106:1859-66
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1859-1866
    • Wu, T.J.1    Lin, S.F.2    Weiss, J.N.3    Ting, C.T.4    Chen, P.S.5
  • 28
    • 84555213142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bi-stable wave propagation and early afterdepolarization-mediated cardiac arrhythmias
    • Chang MG, Sato D, de Lange E, Lee J-H, Karagueuzian HS, et al. 2012. Bi-stable wave propagation and early afterdepolarization-mediated cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 9:115-22
    • (2012) Heart Rhythm , vol.9 , pp. 115-122
    • Chang, M.G.1    Sato, D.2    De Lange, E.3    Lee, J.-H.4    Karagueuzian, H.S.5
  • 29
    • 84875696273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-And antiarrhythmic effects of ATP-sensitive potassium current activation on reentry during early afterdepolarization-mediated arrhythmias
    • ChangMG, de Lange E, Calmettes G, Garfinkel A, Qu Z,Weiss JN. 2013. Pro-And antiarrhythmic effects of ATP-sensitive potassium current activation on reentry during early afterdepolarization-mediated arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 10:575-82
    • (2013) Heart Rhythm , vol.10 , pp. 575-582
    • Chang, M.G.1    De Lange, E.2    Calmettes, G.3    Garfinkel, A.4    Qu, Z.5    Weiss, J.N.6
  • 31
    • 0017704855 scopus 로고
    • Two levels of resting potential in cardiac Purkinje fibers
    • Gadsby DC, Cranefield PF. 1977. Two levels of resting potential in cardiac Purkinje fibers. J. Gen. Physiol. 70:725-46
    • (1977) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.70 , pp. 725-746
    • Gadsby, D.C.1    Cranefield, P.F.2
  • 32
    • 0035849589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in acquired long-QT syndrome: Direct evidence from intracellular recordings in the intact left ventricular wall
    • Yan G-X,Wu Y, Liu T, Wang J, Marinchak RA, Kowey PR. 2001. Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in acquired long-QT syndrome: direct evidence from intracellular recordings in the intact left ventricular wall. Circulation 103:2851-56
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2851-2856
    • Yan, G.-X.1    Wu, Y.2    Liu, T.3    Wang, J.4    Marinchak, R.A.5    Kowey, P.R.6
  • 33
    • 84898770430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis: The road to repair is paved with perils
    • Nguyen TP, Qu Z, Weiss JN. 2014. Cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis: The road to repair is paved with perils. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 70C:83-91
    • (2014) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. , vol.70 C , pp. 83-91
    • Nguyen, T.P.1    Qu, Z.2    Weiss, J.N.3
  • 34
    • 0031037674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical improvement of impulse conduction in cardiac tissue by partial cellular uncoupling
    • Rohr S, Kucera JP, Fast VG, Kleber AG. 1997. Paradoxical improvement of impulse conduction in cardiac tissue by partial cellular uncoupling. Science 275:841-44
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 841-844
    • Rohr, S.1    Kucera, J.P.2    Fast, V.G.3    Kleber, A.G.4
  • 35
    • 0024325322 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischemia and infarction
    • Janse MJ, Wit AL. 1989. Electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischemia and infarction. Physiol. Rev. 69:1046-169
    • (1989) Physiol. Rev. , vol.69 , pp. 1046-1169
    • Janse, M.J.1    Wit, A.L.2
  • 36
    • 79953791303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis of phase 3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in acquired long-QT syndrome
    • Maruyama M, Lin SF, Xie Y, Chua SK, Joung B, et al. 2011. Genesis of phase 3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in acquired long-QT syndrome. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 4:103-11
    • (2011) Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. , vol.4 , pp. 103-111
    • Maruyama, M.1    Lin, S.F.2    Xie, Y.3    Chua, S.K.4    Joung, B.5
  • 37
    • 0030245546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia
    • Lukas A, Antzelevitch C. 1996. Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia. Cardiovasc. Res. 32:593-603
    • (1996) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 593-603
    • Lukas, A.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 38
    • 0032879716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation
    • Yan GX, Antzelevitch C. 1999. Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation. Circulation 100:1660-66
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 1660-1666
    • Yan, G.X.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 39
    • 4844226196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2 reentry as a trigger to initiate ventricular fibrillation during early acute myocardial ischemia
    • YanGX, JoshiA,Guo D, HlaingT,Martin J, et al. 2004. Phase 2 reentry as a trigger to initiate ventricular fibrillation during early acute myocardial ischemia. Circulation 110:1036-41
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 1036-1041
    • Yan, G.X.1    Joshi, A.2    Guo, D.3    Hlaing, T.4    Martin, J.5
  • 40
    • 19044384045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability and spatiotemporal dynamics of alternans in paced cardiac tissue
    • Echebarria B, Karma A. 2002. Instability and spatiotemporal dynamics of alternans in paced cardiac tissue. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88:208101
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.88 , pp. 208101
    • Echebarria, B.1    Karma, A.2
  • 41
    • 0034601749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of discordant alternans and induction of reentry in simulated cardiac tissue
    • Qu Z, Garfinkel A, Chen PS, Weiss JN. 2000. Mechanisms of discordant alternans and induction of reentry in simulated cardiac tissue. Circulation 102:1664-70
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1664-1670
    • Qu, Z.1    Garfinkel, A.2    Chen, P.S.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 43
    • 80053008924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvolt T-wave alternans physiological basis, methods of measurement, and clinical utility-consensus guideline by International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology
    • Verrier RL, Klingenheben T,Malik M, El-SherifN, Exner DV, et al. 2011. Microvolt T-wave alternans physiological basis, methods of measurement, and clinical utility-consensus guideline by International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58:1309-24
    • (2011) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.58 , pp. 1309-1324
    • Verrier, R.L.1    Klingenheben, T.2    Malik, M.3    El-Sherif, N.4    Exner, D.V.5
  • 44
    • 80053581989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-wave alternans and arrhythmogenesis in cardiac diseases
    • Qu Z, Xie Y, Garfinkel A,Weiss JN. 2010. T-wave alternans and arrhythmogenesis in cardiac diseases. Front. Physiol. 1:154
    • (2010) Front. Physiol. , vol.1 , pp. 154
    • Qu, Z.1    Xie, Y.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 45
    • 33846659726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear dynamics of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: An iterated map study
    • Qu Z, Shiferaw Y, Weiss JN. 2007. Nonlinear dynamics of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: an iterated map study. Phys. Rev. E 75:011927
    • (2007) Phys. Rev. e , vol.75 , pp. 011927
    • Qu, Z.1    Shiferaw, Y.2    Weiss, J.N.3
  • 46
    • 0025178623 scopus 로고
    • Low dimensional chaos in cardiac tissue
    • Chialvo DR, Gilmour RF, Jalife J. 1990. Low dimensional chaos in cardiac tissue. Nature 343:653-57
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 653-657
    • Chialvo, D.R.1    Gilmour, R.F.2    Jalife, J.3
  • 47
    • 38349013614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rabbit ventricular action potential model replicating cardiac dynamics at rapid heart rates
    • Mahajan A, Shiferaw Y, Sato D, Baher A, Olcese R, et al. 2008. A rabbit ventricular action potential model replicating cardiac dynamics at rapid heart rates. Biophys. J. 94:392-410
    • (2008) Biophys. J. , vol.94 , pp. 392-410
    • Mahajan, A.1    Shiferaw, Y.2    Sato, D.3    Baher, A.4    Olcese, R.5
  • 48
    • 0027425976 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the electrophysiological response of canine ventricular epicardium and endocardium to ischemia
    • Lukas A, Antzelevitch C. 1993. Differences in the electrophysiological response of canine ventricular epicardium and endocardium to ischemia. Role of the transient outward current. Circulation 88:2903-15
    • (1993) Role of the Transient Outward Current. Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 2903-2915
    • Lukas, A.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 49
    • 33144455363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism for action potential alternans: The interplay between L-type calcium current and transient outward current
    • Hopenfeld B. 2006. Mechanism for action potential alternans: the interplay between L-type calcium current and transient outward current. Heart Rhythm 3:345-52
    • (2006) Heart Rhythm , vol.3 , pp. 345-352
    • Hopenfeld, B.1
  • 50
    • 40349106261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-Associated macroscopic T-wave alternans and torsade de pointes unmasking the inherited long QT syndrome
    • Wegener FT, Ehrlich JR, Hohnloser SH. 2008. Amiodarone-Associated macroscopic T-wave alternans and torsade de pointes unmasking the inherited long QT syndrome. Europace 10:112-13
    • (2008) Europace , vol.10 , pp. 112-113
    • Wegener, F.T.1    Ehrlich, J.R.2    Hohnloser, S.H.3
  • 51
    • 0034807096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of cellular repolarization in LQTS: The role of M cells
    • Antzelevitch C. 2001. Heterogeneity of cellular repolarization in LQTS: the role of M cells. Eur. Heart J. Suppl. 3:K2-16
    • (2001) Eur. Heart J. Suppl. , vol.3 , pp. K2-16
    • Antzelevitch, C.1
  • 52
    • 84865435800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and determinants of ultralong action potential duration and slow rate-dependence in cardiac myocytes
    • Qu Z, Chung D. 2012. Mechanisms and determinants of ultralong action potential duration and slow rate-dependence in cardiac myocytes. PLOS ONE 7:e43587
    • (2012) PLOS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e43587
    • Qu, Z.1    Chung, D.2
  • 53
    • 79952772425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species-Activated Ca/calmodulin kinase IIδ is required for late INa augmentation leading to cellular Na and Ca overload
    • Wagner S, Ruff HM, Weber SL, Bellmann S, Sowa T, et al. 2011. Reactive oxygen species-Activated Ca/calmodulin kinase IIδ is required for late INa augmentation leading to cellular Na and Ca overload. Circ. Res. 108:555-65
    • (2011) Circ. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 555-565
    • Wagner, S.1    Ruff, H.M.2    Weber, S.L.3    Bellmann, S.4    Sowa, T.5
  • 54
    • 70350438424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranolazine antagonizes the effects of increased late sodium current on intracellular calcium cycling in rat isolated intact heart
    • Wasserstrom JA, Sharma R, O'Toole MJ, Zheng J, Kelly JE, et al. 2009. Ranolazine antagonizes the effects of increased late sodium current on intracellular calcium cycling in rat isolated intact heart. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 331:382-91
    • (2009) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.331 , pp. 382-391
    • Wasserstrom, J.A.1    Sharma, R.2    O'Toole, M.J.3    Zheng, J.4    Kelly, J.E.5
  • 55
    • 44949176560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An increase of late sodium current induces delayed afterdepolarizations and sustained triggered activity in atrial myocytes
    • Song Y, Shryock JC, Belardinelli L. 2008. An increase of late sodium current induces delayed afterdepolarizations and sustained triggered activity in atrial myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 294:H2031-39
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.294 , pp. H2031-H2039
    • Song, Y.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Belardinelli, L.3
  • 56
    • 84876337822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium alternans in cardiac myocytes: Order from disorder
    • Qu Z, Nivala M, Weiss JN. 2013. Calcium alternans in cardiac myocytes: order from disorder. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 58:100-9
    • (2013) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. , vol.58 , pp. 100-109
    • Qu, Z.1    Nivala, M.2    Weiss, J.N.3
  • 57
    • 84899628689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac alternans and ventricular fibrillation: A bad case of ryanodine receptors reneging on their duty
    • Escobar AL, Valdivia HH. 2014. Cardiac alternans and ventricular fibrillation: a bad case of ryanodine receptors reneging on their duty. Circ. Res. 114:1369-71
    • (2014) Circ. Res. , vol.114 , pp. 1369-1371
    • Escobar, A.L.1    Valdivia, H.H.2
  • 60
    • 2442490535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuation is the key to cardiac alternans
    • Diaz ME, O'Neill SC, Eisner DA. 2004. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuation is the key to cardiac alternans. Circ. Res. 94:650-56
    • (2004) Circ. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 650-656
    • Diaz, M.E.1    O'Neill, S.C.2    Eisner, D.A.3
  • 61
    • 62749115277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of membrane potential, SR Ca2+ content and RyR responsiveness on systolic Ca2+ alternans in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Li Y, Diaz ME, Eisner DA, O'Neill S. 2009. The effects of membrane potential, SR Ca2+ content and RyR responsiveness on systolic Ca2+ alternans in rat ventricular myocytes. J. Physiol. 587:1283-92
    • (2009) J. Physiol. , vol.587 , pp. 1283-1292
    • Li, Y.1    Diaz, M.E.2    Eisner, D.A.3    O'Neill, S.4
  • 62
    • 55549132972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Ca alternans: Coordinated regulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum release, uptake, and leak
    • Xie LH, Sato D, Garfinkel A, Qu Z, Weiss JN. 2008. Intracellular Ca alternans: coordinated regulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum release, uptake, and leak. Biophys. J. 95:3100-10
    • (2008) Biophys. J. , vol.95 , pp. 3100-3110
    • Xie, L.H.1    Sato, D.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Qu, Z.4    Weiss, J.N.5
  • 63
    • 33749321546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac alternans do not rely on diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuations
    • PichtE,DeSantiago J, BlatterLA, BersDM.2006. Cardiac alternans do not rely on diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuations. Circ. Res. 99:740-48
    • (2006) Circ. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 740-748
    • Picht, E.1    Desantiago, J.2    Blatter, L.A.3    Bers, D.M.4
  • 65
    • 77953022226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spark-induced sparks as a mechanism of intracellular calcium alternans in cardiac myocytes
    • Rovetti R, Cui X, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN, Qu Z. 2010. Spark-induced sparks as a mechanism of intracellular calcium alternans in cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. 106:1582-91
    • (2010) Circ. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 1582-1591
    • Rovetti, R.1    Cui, X.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Weiss, J.N.4    Qu, Z.5
  • 66
    • 84864534004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium alternans in a couplon network model of ventricular myocytes: Role of sarcoplasmic reticulum load
    • Nivala M, Qu Z. 2012. Calcium alternans in a couplon network model of ventricular myocytes: role of sarcoplasmic reticulum load. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 303:H341-52
    • (2012) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.303 , pp. H341-H352
    • Nivala, M.1    Qu, Z.2
  • 67
    • 56049099295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calsequestrin-mediated mechanism for cellular calcium transient alternans
    • Restrepo JG, Weiss JN, KarmaA. 2008. Calsequestrin-mediated mechanism for cellular calcium transient alternans. Biophys. J. 95:3767-89
    • (2008) Biophys. J. , vol.95 , pp. 3767-3789
    • Restrepo, J.G.1    Weiss, J.N.2    Karma, A.3
  • 69
    • 33846446729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic origin of spatially discordant alternans in cardiac tissue
    • Hayashi H, Shiferaw Y, Sato D, Nihei M, Lin SF, et al. 2007. Dynamic origin of spatially discordant alternans in cardiac tissue. Biophys. J. 92:448-60
    • (2007) Biophys. J. , vol.92 , pp. 448-460
    • Hayashi, H.1    Shiferaw, Y.2    Sato, D.3    Nihei, M.4    Lin, S.F.5
  • 70
    • 50949125762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of conduction velocity restitution and short-termmemory in the development of action potential duration alternans in isolated rabbit hearts
    • Mironov S, Jalife J,Tolkacheva EG. 2008. Role of conduction velocity restitution and short-termmemory in the development of action potential duration alternans in isolated rabbit hearts. Circulation 118:17-25
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 17-25
    • Mironov, S.1    Jalife, J.2    Tolkacheva, E.G.3
  • 71
    • 0032563678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine action on Na+ currents in ventricular myocytes from the epicardial border zone of the infarcted heart
    • Pu JL, Balser JR, Boyden PA. 1998. Lidocaine action on Na+ currents in ventricular myocytes from the epicardial border zone of the infarcted heart. Circ. Res. 83:431-40
    • (1998) Circ. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 431-440
    • Pu, J.L.1    Balser, J.R.2    Boyden, P.A.3
  • 72
    • 1642398013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Na+ channel and cell coupling abnormalities on vulnerability to reentry: A simulation study
    • Qu Z, Karagueuzian HS, Garfinkel A,Weiss JN. 2004. Effects of Na+ channel and cell coupling abnormalities on vulnerability to reentry: a simulation study. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286:H1310-21
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.286 , pp. H1310-H1321
    • Qu, Z.1    Karagueuzian, H.S.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 73
    • 0035936798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias
    • Keating MT, Sanguinetti MC. 2001. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. Cell 104:569-80
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 569-580
    • Keating, M.T.1    Sanguinetti, M.C.2
  • 74
    • 84863275089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential conditions for early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in cardiomyocytes derived from transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbits
    • Liu GX, Choi B-R, Ziv O, Li W, de Lange E, et al. 2012. Differential conditions for early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in cardiomyocytes derived from transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbits. J. Physiol. 590:1171-80
    • (2012) J. Physiol. , vol.590 , pp. 1171-1180
    • Liu, G.X.1    Choi, B.-R.2    Ziv, O.3    Li, W.4    De Lange, E.5
  • 76
  • 77
    • 0021264274 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pacing on triggered activity induced by early afterdepolarizations
    • Damiano BP, Rosen MR. 1984. Effects of pacing on triggered activity induced by early afterdepolarizations. Circulation 69:1013-25
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.69 , pp. 1013-1025
    • Damiano, B.P.1    Rosen, M.R.2
  • 79
    • 0026640211 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of early afterdepolarizations
    • January CT, Moscucci A. 1992. Cellular mechanisms of early afterdepolarizations. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 644:23-32
    • (1992) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.644 , pp. 23-32
    • January, C.T.1    Moscucci, A.2
  • 80
    • 0028911903 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: Mechanism and rate dependence
    • Zeng J, Rudy Y. 1995. Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: mechanism and rate dependence. Biophys. J. 68:949-64
    • (1995) Biophys. J. , vol.68 , pp. 949-964
    • Zeng, J.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 81
    • 0032066007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the "idio" out of "idiosyncratic": Predicting torsades de pointes
    • Roden DM. 1998. Taking the "idio" out of "idiosyncratic": predicting torsades de pointes. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 21:1029-34
    • (1998) Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. , vol.21 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Roden, D.M.1
  • 82
    • 84879352668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: Beyond reduced repolarization reserve
    • Qu Z, Xie L-H, Olcese R, Karagueuzian HS, Chen P-S, et al. 2013. Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: beyond reduced repolarization reserve. Cardiovasc. Res. 99:6-15
    • (2013) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 6-15
    • Qu, Z.1    Xie, L.-H.2    Olcese, R.3    Karagueuzian, H.S.4    Chen, P.-S.5
  • 83
    • 0034077362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the understanding of cardiac early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes: Time to revise current concepts
    • Volders PG, Vos MA, Szabo B, Sipido KR, de Groot SH, et al. 2000. Progress in the understanding of cardiac early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes: time to revise current concepts. Cardiovasc. Res. 46:376-92
    • (2000) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.46 , pp. 376-392
    • Volders, P.G.1    Vos, M.A.2    Szabo, B.3    Sipido, K.R.4    De Groot, S.H.5
  • 84
    • 84859756212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the ionic mechanisms of early afterdepolarizations in cardiomyocytes: Predominant by Ca waves or Ca currents?
    • Zhao Z, Wen H, Fefelova N, Allen C, Baba A, et al. 2012. Revisiting the ionic mechanisms of early afterdepolarizations in cardiomyocytes: predominant by Ca waves or Ca currents? Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 302:H1636-44
    • (2012) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.302 , pp. H1636-H1644
    • Zhao, Z.1    Wen, H.2    Fefelova, N.3    Allen, C.4    Baba, A.5
  • 85
    • 0038663006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinduction of atrial fibrillation immediately after termination of the arrhythmia ismediated by late phase 3 early afterdepolarization-induced triggered activity
    • Burashnikov A, Antzelevitch C. 2003. Reinduction of atrial fibrillation immediately after termination of the arrhythmia ismediated by late phase 3 early afterdepolarization-induced triggered activity. Circulation 107:2355-60
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2355-2360
    • Burashnikov, A.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 86
    • 84897037694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypokalemia promotes late phase 3 early afterdepolarization and recurrent ventricular fibrillation during isoproterenol infusion in Langendorff perfused rabbit ventricles
    • Maruyama M, Ai T, Chua S-K, Park H-W, Lee Y-S, et al. 2014. Hypokalemia promotes late phase 3 early afterdepolarization and recurrent ventricular fibrillation during isoproterenol infusion in Langendorff perfused rabbit ventricles. Heart Rhythm 11:697-706
    • (2014) Heart Rhythm , vol.11 , pp. 697-706
    • Maruyama, M.1    Ai, T.2    Chua, S.-K.3    Park, H.-W.4    Lee, Y.-S.5
  • 87
    • 58049166049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium-handling abnormalities underlying atrial arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in dogs with congestive heart failure
    • Yeh YH, Wakili R, Qi XY,ChartierD, Boknik P, et al. 2008. Calcium-handling abnormalities underlying atrial arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in dogs with congestive heart failure. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 1:93-102
    • (2008) Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. , vol.1 , pp. 93-102
    • Yeh, Y.H.1    Wakili, R.2    Qi, X.Y.3    Chartier, D.4    Boknik, P.5
  • 89
    • 59649127713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress-induced afterdepolarizations and calmodulin kinase II signaling
    • Xie L-H, Chen F, Karagueuzian HS,Weiss JN. 2009. Oxidative stress-induced afterdepolarizations and calmodulin kinase II signaling. Circ. Res. 104:79-86
    • (2009) Circ. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 79-86
    • Xie, L.-H.1    Chen, F.2    Karagueuzian, H.S.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 90
    • 76349122416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diastolic intracellular calciummembrane voltage coupling gain and postshock arrhythmias: Role of Purkinje fibers and triggered activity
    • Maruyama M, Joung B, Tang L, Shinohara T, On YK, et al. 2010. Diastolic intracellular calciummembrane voltage coupling gain and postshock arrhythmias: role of Purkinje fibers and triggered activity. Circ. Res. 106:399-408
    • (2010) Circ. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 399-408
    • Maruyama, M.1    Joung, B.2    Tang, L.3    Shinohara, T.4    On, Y.K.5
  • 91
    • 0035827719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure: Roles of sodium-calcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual β-Adrenergic responsiveness
    • Pogwizd SM, Schlotthauer K, Li L, Yuan W, Bers DM. 2001. Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure: roles of sodium-calcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual β-Adrenergic responsiveness. Circ. Res. 88:1159-67
    • (2001) Circ. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 1159-1167
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Schlotthauer, K.2    Li, L.3    Yuan, W.4    Bers, D.M.5
  • 92
    • 0036157391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium cycling in heart failure: The arrhythmia connection
    • Pogwizd SM, Bers DM. 2002. Calcium cycling in heart failure: the arrhythmia connection. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 13:88-91
    • (2002) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.13 , pp. 88-91
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Bers, D.M.2
  • 93
    • 74149094943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flecainide inhibits arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves by open state block of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels and reduction of Ca2+ spark mass
    • Hilliard FA, SteeleDS, Laver D, Yang Z, Le Marchand SJ, et al. 2010. Flecainide inhibits arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves by open state block of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels and reduction of Ca2+ spark mass. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 48:293-301
    • (2010) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. , vol.48 , pp. 293-301
    • Hilliard, F.A.1    Steele, D.S.2    Laver, D.3    Yang, Z.4    Le Marchand, S.J.5
  • 94
    • 45749100010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaky Ca2+ release channel/ ryanodine receptor 2 causes seizures and sudden cardiac death in mice
    • Lehnart SE,Mongillo M, Bellinger A, Lindegger N, Chen BX, et al. 2008. Leaky Ca2+ release channel/ ryanodine receptor 2 causes seizures and sudden cardiac death in mice. J. Clin. Investig. 118:2230-45
    • (2008) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.118 , pp. 2230-2245
    • Lehnart, S.E.1    Mongillo, M.2    Bellinger, A.3    Lindegger, N.4    Chen, B.X.5
  • 95
    • 4444357245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RyR2 mutations linked to ventricular tachycardia and sudden death reduce the threshold for store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR)
    • Jiang D, Xiao B, Yang D, Wang R, Choi P, et al. 2004. RyR2 mutations linked to ventricular tachycardia and sudden death reduce the threshold for store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR). PNAS 101:13062-67
    • (2004) PNAS , vol.101 , pp. 13062-13067
    • Jiang, D.1    Xiao, B.2    Yang, D.3    Wang, R.4    Choi, P.5
  • 96
    • 34249878775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amutation in calsequestrin, CASQ2D307H, impairs sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling and causes complex ventricular arrhythmias in mice
    • Dirksen WP, LacombeVA, ChiM,Kalyanasundaram A, Viatchenko-Karpinski S, et al. 2007. Amutation in calsequestrin, CASQ2D307H, impairs sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling and causes complex ventricular arrhythmias in mice. Cardiovasc. Res. 75:69-78
    • (2007) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 69-78
    • Dirksen, W.P.1    Lacombe, V.A.2    Chi, M.3    Kalyanasundaram, A.4    Viatchenko-Karpinski, S.5
  • 97
    • 84861901336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criticality in intracellular calcium signaling in cardiac myocytes
    • Nivala M, Ko CY, Nivala M, Weiss JN, Qu Z. 2012. Criticality in intracellular calcium signaling in cardiac myocytes. Biophys. J. 102:2433-42
    • (2012) Biophys. J. , vol.102 , pp. 2433-2442
    • Nivala, M.1    Ko, C.Y.2    Nivala, M.3    Weiss, J.N.4    Qu, Z.5
  • 98
    • 84886798788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of subcellular pacemaker sites for calcium waves and oscillations
    • Nivala M, Ko CY, Nivala M, Weiss JN, Qu Z. 2013. The emergence of subcellular pacemaker sites for calcium waves and oscillations. J. Physiol. 591:5305-20
    • (2013) J. Physiol. , vol.591 , pp. 5305-5320
    • Nivala, M.1    Ko, C.Y.2    Nivala, M.3    Weiss, J.N.4    Qu, Z.5
  • 100
    • 0031755733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uwave: Facts, hypotheses, misconceptions, and misnomers
    • Surawicz B. 1998.Uwave: facts, hypotheses, misconceptions, and misnomers. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 9:1117-28
    • (1998) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.9 , pp. 1117-1128
    • Surawicz, B.1
  • 101
    • 0036135801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin on the electrocardiogram of U-waves and abnormal U-wave inversion
    • di Bernardo D, Murray A. 2002. Origin on the electrocardiogram of U-waves and abnormal U-wave inversion. Cardiovasc. Res. 53:202-8
    • (2002) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 202-208
    • Di Bernardo, D.1    Murray, A.2
  • 102
    • 54049155818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burst emergence of intracellular Ca2+ waves evokes arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization via theNa+-Ca2+ exchanger: Simultaneous confocal recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ in the heart
    • Fujiwara K, Tanaka H, Mani H, Nakagami T, Takamatsu T. 2008. Burst emergence of intracellular Ca2+ waves evokes arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization via theNa+-Ca2+ exchanger: simultaneous confocal recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ in the heart. Circ. Res. 103:509-18
    • (2008) Circ. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 509-518
    • Fujiwara, K.1    Tanaka, H.2    Mani, H.3    Nakagami, T.4    Takamatsu, T.5
  • 103
    • 78349304827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in timing of spontaneous calcium release in the intact rat heart is determined by the time course of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium load
    • Wasserstrom JA, Shiferaw Y, Chen W, Ramakrishna S, Patel H, et al. 2010. Variability in timing of spontaneous calcium release in the intact rat heart is determined by the time course of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium load. Circ. Res. 107:1117-26
    • (2010) Circ. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 1117-1126
    • Wasserstrom, J.A.1    Shiferaw, Y.2    Chen, W.3    Ramakrishna, S.4    Patel, H.5
  • 104
    • 0029756180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I(to) and action potential notch are smaller in left versus right canine ventricular epicardium
    • Di Diego JM, Sun ZQ, Antzelevitch C. 1996. I(to) and action potential notch are smaller in left versus right canine ventricular epicardium. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 271:H548-61
    • (1996) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.271 , pp. H548-H561
    • Di Diego, J.M.1    Sun, Z.Q.2    Antzelevitch, C.3
  • 105
    • 0034711499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the calcium-independent transient outward current Ito1 in shaping action potential morphology and duration
    • Greenstein JL,WuR, Po S, Tomaselli GF,Winslow RL. 2000. Role of the calcium-independent transient outward current Ito1 in shaping action potential morphology and duration. Circ. Res. 87:1026-33
    • (2000) Circ. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 1026-1033
    • Greenstein, J.L.1    Wu, R.2    Po, S.3    Tomaselli, G.F.4    Winslow, R.L.5
  • 106
    • 65649138783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability in action potential morphology underlies phase 2 reentry: A mathematical modeling study
    • Maoz A, Krogh-Madsen T, Christini DJ. 2009. Instability in action potential morphology underlies phase 2 reentry: a mathematical modeling study. Heart Rhythm 6:813-22
    • (2009) Heart Rhythm , vol.6 , pp. 813-822
    • Maoz, A.1    Krogh-Madsen, T.2    Christini, D.J.3
  • 107
    • 67650741731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reexcitation mechanisms in epicardial tissue: Role of Ito density heterogeneities and INa inactivation kinetics
    • Cantalapiedra IR, Penaranda A, Mont L, Brugada J, Echebarria B. 2009. Reexcitation mechanisms in epicardial tissue: role of Ito density heterogeneities and INa inactivation kinetics. J. Theor. Biol. 259:850-59
    • (2009) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.259 , pp. 850-859
    • Cantalapiedra, I.R.1    Penaranda, A.2    Mont, L.3    Brugada, J.4    Echebarria, B.5
  • 109
    • 0028182422 scopus 로고
    • High [Ca2+]o-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in isolated canine ventricular epicardium
    • Di Diego JM, Antzelevitch C. 1994. High [Ca2+]o-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in isolated canine ventricular epicardium. Phase 2 reentry. Circulation 89:1839-50
    • (1994) Phase 2 Reentry. Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 1839-1850
    • Di Diego, J.M.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 110
    • 0032946601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion channels and ventricular arrhythmias: Cellular and ionic mechanisms underlying the Brugada syndrome
    • Antzelevitch C. 1999. Ion channels and ventricular arrhythmias: cellular and ionic mechanisms underlying the Brugada syndrome. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 14:274-79
    • (1999) Curr. Opin. Cardiol. , vol.14 , pp. 274-279
    • Antzelevitch, C.1
  • 111
    • 27844591399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular fibrosis and conduction delay in a patient with clinical signs of Brugada syndrome: A combined electrophysiological, genetic, histopathologic, and computational study
    • Coronel R, Casini S, Koopmann TT, Wilms-Schopman FJG, Verkerk AO, et al. 2005. Right ventricular fibrosis and conduction delay in a patient with clinical signs of Brugada syndrome: a combined electrophysiological, genetic, histopathologic, and computational study. Circulation 112:2769-77
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 2769-2777
    • Coronel, R.1    Casini, S.2    Koopmann, T.T.3    Wilms-Schopman, F.J.G.4    Verkerk, A.O.5
  • 112
    • 84922790964 scopus 로고
    • Studies on auricular tachycardia caused by aconitine administration
    • Scherf D. 1947. Studies on auricular tachycardia caused by aconitine administration. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 64:839-44
    • (1947) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.64 , pp. 839-844
    • Scherf, D.1
  • 113
    • 0037459001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of pacemaking in IK1-downregulated myocytes
    • Silva J, Rudy Y. 2003. Mechanism of pacemaking in IK1-downregulated myocytes. Circ. Res. 92:261-63
    • (2003) Circ. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 261-263
    • Silva, J.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 114
    • 35448955300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myofibroblasts induce ectopic activity in cardiac tissue
    • Miragoli M, Salvarani N, Rohr S. 2007. Myofibroblasts induce ectopic activity in cardiac tissue. Circ. Res. 101:755-58
    • (2007) Circ. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 755-758
    • Miragoli, M.1    Salvarani, N.2    Rohr, S.3
  • 115
    • 77949379471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled system of intracellular Ca2+ clocks and surface membrane voltage clocks controls the timekeeping mechanism of the heart's pacemaker
    • Lakatta EG, Maltsev VA, Vinogradova TM. 2010. A coupled system of intracellular Ca2+ clocks and surface membrane voltage clocks controls the timekeeping mechanism of the heart's pacemaker. Circ. Res. 106:659-73
    • (2010) Circ. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 659-673
    • Lakatta, E.G.1    Maltsev, V.A.2    Vinogradova, T.M.3
  • 117
    • 68049093192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac alternans induced by fibroblast-myocyte coupling: Mechanistic insights from computational models
    • Xie Y, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN, Qu Z. 2009. Cardiac alternans induced by fibroblast-myocyte coupling: mechanistic insights from computational models. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 297:H775-84
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.297 , pp. H775-H784
    • Xie, Y.1    Garfinkel, A.2    Weiss, J.N.3    Qu, Z.4
  • 118
    • 0344010964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model for the onset of fibrillation following coronary artery occlusion
    • Keener JP. 2003. Model for the onset of fibrillation following coronary artery occlusion. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 14:1225-32
    • (2003) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.14 , pp. 1225-1232
    • Keener, J.P.1
  • 119
    • 0032979165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical remodeling in ischemia and infarction
    • Pinto JM, Boyden PA. 1999. Electrical remodeling in ischemia and infarction. Cardiovasc. Res. 42:284-97
    • (1999) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 284-297
    • Pinto, J.M.1    Boyden, P.A.2
  • 120
    • 83455220119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaping a new Ca2+ conductance to suppress early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes
    • Madhvani RV, Xie Y, Pantazis A, Garfinkel A, Qu Z, et al. 2011. Shaping a new Ca2+ conductance to suppress early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes. J. Physiol. 589:6081-92
    • (2011) J. Physiol. , vol.589 , pp. 6081-6092
    • Madhvani, R.V.1    Xie, Y.2    Pantazis, A.3    Garfinkel, A.4    Qu, Z.5
  • 121
    • 0034213745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of functional voltage-gated K+ channel diversity in themammalian myocardium
    • Nerbonne JM. 2000. Molecular basis of functional voltage-gated K+ channel diversity in themammalian myocardium. J. Physiol. 525(Part 2):285-98
    • (2000) J. Physiol. , vol.525 , pp. 285-298
    • Nerbonne, J.M.1
  • 122
    • 28144451011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of small-conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ channels SK1, SK2, and SK3 in mouse atrial and ventricular myocytes.Am
    • Tuteja D, Xu D, TimofeyevV, Lu L, SharmaD, et al. 2005. Differential expression of small-conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ channels SK1, SK2, and SK3 in mouse atrial and ventricular myocytes.Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289:H2714-23
    • (2005) J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.289 , pp. H2714-H2723
    • Tuteja, D.1    Xu, D.2    Timofeyev, V.3    Lu, L.4    Sharma, D.5
  • 123
    • 79954834256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-conductance calciumactivated potassium channel and recurrent ventricular fibrillation in failing rabbit ventricles
    • Chua SK, Chang PC, Maruyama M, Turker I, Shinohara T, et al. 2011. Small-conductance calciumactivated potassium channel and recurrent ventricular fibrillation in failing rabbit ventricles. Circ. Res. 108:971-79
    • (2011) Circ. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 971-979
    • Chua, S.K.1    Chang, P.C.2    Maruyama, M.3    Turker, I.4    Shinohara, T.5
  • 124
    • 84884616627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apamin induces early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes ventricular arrhythmia from failing rabbit ventricles exhibiting secondary rises in intracellular calcium
    • Chang P-C, Hsieh Y-C, Hsueh C-H, Weiss JN, Lin S-F, Chen P-S. 2013. Apamin induces early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes ventricular arrhythmia from failing rabbit ventricles exhibiting secondary rises in intracellular calcium. Heart Rhythm 10:1516-24
    • (2013) Heart Rhythm , vol.10 , pp. 1516-1524
    • Chang, P.-C.1    Hsieh, Y.-C.2    Hsueh, C.-H.3    Weiss, J.N.4    Lin, S.-F.5    Chen, P.-S.6
  • 125
    • 84865425269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the transient outward potassium current in the genesis of early afterdepolarizations in cardiac cells
    • Zhao Z, Xie Y, Wen H, Xiao D, Allen C, et al. 2012. Role of the transient outward potassium current in the genesis of early afterdepolarizations in cardiac cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 95:308-16
    • (2012) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 308-316
    • Zhao, Z.1    Xie, Y.2    Wen, H.3    Xiao, D.4    Allen, C.5
  • 126
    • 67651089884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and clinical management of inherited channelopathies: Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and short QT syndrome
    • Kaufman ES. 2009. Mechanisms and clinical management of inherited channelopathies: long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and short QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm 6:S51-55
    • (2009) Heart Rhythm , vol.6 , pp. S51-55
    • Kaufman, E.S.1
  • 128
    • 84871211062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular calcium dynamics, shortened action potential duration, and late-phase 3 early afterdepolarization in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles
    • Tang L, Joung B, Ogawa M, Chen P-S, Lin S-F. 2012. Intracellular calcium dynamics, shortened action potential duration, and late-phase 3 early afterdepolarization in Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 23:1364-71
    • (2012) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.23 , pp. 1364-1371
    • Tang, L.1    Joung, B.2    Ogawa, M.3    Chen, P.-S.4    Lin, S.-F.5
  • 129
    • 68249097103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of Na+/Ca2+ exchange current to the formation of delayed afterdepolarizations in intact rat ventricular muscle
    • Sugai Y,Miura M, Hirose M, Wakayama Y, Endoh H, et al. 2009. Contribution of Na+/Ca2+ exchange current to the formation of delayed afterdepolarizations in intact rat ventricular muscle. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 53:517-22
    • (2009) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.53 , pp. 517-522
    • Sugai, Y.1    Miura, M.2    Hirose, M.3    Wakayama, Y.4    Endoh, H.5
  • 131
    • 0141992100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Ca2+-Activated Cl-current during proarrhythmic early afterdepolarizations in sheep and human ventricular myocytes
    • Verkerk AO, Tan HL, Kirkels JH, Ravesloot JH. 2003. Role of Ca2+-Activated Cl-current during proarrhythmic early afterdepolarizations in sheep and human ventricular myocytes. Acta Physiol. Scand. 179:143-48
    • (2003) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.179 , pp. 143-148
    • Verkerk, A.O.1    Tan, H.L.2    Kirkels, J.H.3    Ravesloot, J.H.4
  • 132
    • 84924758598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular candidates for cardiac stretch-Activated ion channels
    • Reed A, Kohl P, Peyronnet R. 2014. Molecular candidates for cardiac stretch-Activated ion channels. Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract. 2014:19
    • (2014) Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract. , vol.2014 , pp. 19
    • Reed, A.1    Kohl, P.2    Peyronnet, R.3
  • 133
    • 43549098268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes
    • Bers DM. 2008. Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 70:23-49
    • (2008) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.70 , pp. 23-49
    • Bers, D.M.1
  • 135
  • 138
    • 70349251987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical mechanism for subcellular alternans in cardiac myocytes
    • Gaeta SA, Bub G, Abbott GW, Christini DJ. 2009. Dynamical mechanism for subcellular alternans in cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. 105:335-42
    • (2009) Circ. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 335-342
    • Gaeta, S.A.1    Bub, G.2    Abbott, G.W.3    Christini, D.J.4
  • 139
    • 85027921633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noise-free visualization ofmicroscopic calcium signaling by pixel-wise fitting
    • Tian Q, Kaestner L, Lipp P. 2012. Noise-free visualization ofmicroscopic calcium signaling by pixel-wise fitting. Circ. Res. 111:17-27
    • (2012) Circ. Res. , vol.111 , pp. 17-27
    • Tian, Q.1    Kaestner, L.2    Lipp, P.3
  • 141
    • 0030610634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca2+ "sparks" and waves in intact ventricular muscle resolved by confocal imaging
    • Wier WG, ter Keurs HE, Marban E, Gao WD, Balke CW. 1997. Ca2+ "sparks" and waves in intact ventricular muscle resolved by confocal imaging. Circ. Res. 81:462-69
    • (1997) Circ. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 462-469
    • Wier, W.G.1    Keurs, H.E.2    Marban, E.3    Gao, W.D.4    Balke, C.W.5
  • 142
    • 84857645169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortened Ca2+ signaling refractoriness underlies cellular arrhythmogenesis in a postinfarction model of sudden cardiac death
    • Belevych AE, Terentyev D, Terentyeva R, Ho HT, Gyorke I, et al. 2012. Shortened Ca2+ signaling refractoriness underlies cellular arrhythmogenesis in a postinfarction model of sudden cardiac death. Circ. Res. 110:569-77
    • (2012) Circ. Res. , vol.110 , pp. 569-577
    • Belevych, A.E.1    Terentyev, D.2    Terentyeva, R.3    Ho, H.T.4    Gyorke, I.5
  • 143
    • 46749149703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Na dysregulation in cardiac disease and how it impacts electrophysiology
    • O'Rourke B, Maack C. 2007. The role of Na dysregulation in cardiac disease and how it impacts electrophysiology. Drug Discov. Today Dis. Models 4:207-17
    • (2007) Drug Discov. Today Dis. Models , vol.4 , pp. 207-217
    • O'Rourke, B.1    Maack, C.2
  • 144
    • 84872089353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on channelopathies: From mechanisms to management
    • WebsterG, Berul CI. 2013. An update on channelopathies: from mechanisms to management. Circulation 127:126-40
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , pp. 126-140
    • Webster, G.1    Berul, C.I.2
  • 145
    • 0037066036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na+ channel mutation that causes both Brugada and long-QT syndrome phenotypes: A simulation study of mechanism
    • Clancy CE, Rudy Y. 2002. Na+ channel mutation that causes both Brugada and long-QT syndrome phenotypes: a simulation study of mechanism. Circulation 105:1208-13
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1208-1213
    • Clancy, C.E.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 147
    • 84898875027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of RyR2 phosphorylation in heart failure and arrhythmias: Controversies around ryanodine receptor phosphorylation in cardiac disease
    • Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT. 2014. Role of RyR2 phosphorylation in heart failure and arrhythmias: controversies around ryanodine receptor phosphorylation in cardiac disease. Circ. Res. 114:1311-19
    • (2014) Circ. Res. , vol.114 , pp. 1311-1319
    • Dobrev, D.1    Wehrens, X.H.T.2
  • 149
    • 84862296973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: Linking heart failure and arrhythmias
    • Swaminathan PD, Purohit A, Hund TJ, Anderson ME. 2012. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: linking heart failure and arrhythmias. Circ. Res. 110:1661-77
    • (2012) Circ. Res. , vol.110 , pp. 1661-1677
    • Swaminathan, P.D.1    Purohit, A.2    Hund, T.J.3    Anderson, M.E.4
  • 150
    • 3042731729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2APB-And JTV519(K201)-sensitive microCa2+ waves in arrhythmogenic Purkinje cells that survive in infarcted canine heart
    • Boyden PA,DunW, BarbhaiyaC,Ter KeursHE. 2004. 2APB-And JTV519(K201)-sensitive microCa2+ waves in arrhythmogenic Purkinje cells that survive in infarcted canine heart. Heart Rhythm 1:218-26
    • (2004) Heart Rhythm , vol.1 , pp. 218-226
    • Boyden, P.A.1    Dun, W.2    Barbhaiya, C.3    Keurs, H.E.4
  • 151
    • 0027131993 scopus 로고
    • Microscopic spiralwaves reveal positive feedback in subcellular calcium signaling
    • Lipp P, NiggliE. 1993. Microscopic spiralwaves reveal positive feedback in subcellular calcium signaling. Biophys. J. 65:2272-76
    • (1993) Biophys. J. , vol.65 , pp. 2272-2276
    • Lipp, P.1    Niggli, E.2
  • 152
    • 1842434551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation study of the effects of cardiac anatomy in ventricular fibrillation
    • Xie F, Qu Z, Yang J, Baher A, Weiss JN, Garfinkel A. 2004. A simulation study of the effects of cardiac anatomy in ventricular fibrillation. J. Clin. Investig. 113:686-93
    • (2004) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.113 , pp. 686-693
    • Xie, F.1    Qu, Z.2    Yang, J.3    Baher, A.4    Weiss, J.N.5    Garfinkel, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.