메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 593-603

Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia

Author keywords

Dog ventricle; Epicardial mapping; Myocardial ischemia; Potassium channel; Reentry Tachycardia; Transient outward

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOPYRIDINE; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM CHANNEL;

EID: 0030245546     PISSN: 00086363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0008-6363(96)00115-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (185)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0024325322 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischemia and infarction
    • [1] Janse MJ, Wit AL. Electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischemia and infarction. Physiol Rev 1989;69:1049-1169.
    • (1989) Physiol Rev , vol.69 , pp. 1049-1169
    • Janse, M.J.1    Wit, A.L.2
  • 2
    • 0001828099 scopus 로고
    • Reentrant arrhythmias
    • Fozzard HA, et al. eds. New York: Raven Press Ltd.
    • [2] Janse MJ. Reentrant arrhythmias. In: Fozzard HA, et al. eds. The Heart and Cardiovascular System. New York: Raven Press Ltd., 1992;2055-2098.
    • (1992) The Heart and Cardiovascular System , pp. 2055-2098
    • Janse, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 0018606348 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between changes in left ventricular bipolar electrograms and regional myocardial blood flow during acute coronary occlusion in the dog
    • [3] Rutty R, Lovelace ED, Knoebel SB, Mueller TM, Zipes DP. Relationship between changes in left ventricular bipolar electrograms and regional myocardial blood flow during acute coronary occlusion in the dog. Circ Res 1979;45:764-770.
    • (1979) Circ Res , vol.45 , pp. 764-770
    • Rutty, R.1    Lovelace, E.D.2    Knoebel, S.B.3    Mueller, T.M.4    Zipes, D.P.5
  • 4
    • 0015867763 scopus 로고
    • Slow ventricular activation in acute myocardial infarction: A source of reentrant premature ventricular contractions
    • [4] Boineau JP, Cox JL. Slow ventricular activation in acute myocardial infarction: a source of reentrant premature ventricular contractions. Circulation 1973;48:702-713.
    • (1973) Circulation , vol.48 , pp. 702-713
    • Boineau, J.P.1    Cox, J.L.2
  • 5
    • 0018760045 scopus 로고
    • Two periods of early ventricular arrhythmias in the canine acute infarction model
    • [5] Kaplinsky E, Ogawa S, Balke CW, Dreifus LS. Two periods of early ventricular arrhythmias in the canine acute infarction model. Circulation 1979;60:397-403.
    • (1979) Circulation , vol.60 , pp. 397-403
    • Kaplinsky, E.1    Ogawa, S.2    Balke, C.W.3    Dreifus, L.S.4
  • 6
    • 0014912077 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiology underlying ventricular arrhythmias due to coronary ligation
    • [6] Scherlag BJ, Helfant RH, Robinson MJ, Samet P. Electrophysiology underlying ventricular arrhythmias due to coronary ligation. Am J Physiol 1970;219:1665-1671.
    • (1970) Am J Physiol , vol.219 , pp. 1665-1671
    • Scherlag, B.J.1    Helfant, R.H.2    Robinson, M.J.3    Samet, P.4
  • 7
    • 0021366181 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of phase 1a and 1b early ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia in the dog
    • [7] Russell DC, Lawrie JS, Riemersma RA, Oliver MF. Mechanisms of phase 1a and 1b early ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia in the dog. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:307-312.
    • (1984) Am J Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 307-312
    • Russell, D.C.1    Lawrie, J.S.2    Riemersma, R.A.3    Oliver, M.F.4
  • 8
    • 0023094194 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of local noradrenaline release in acute myocardial ischemia
    • [8] Carlsson L. Mechanism of local noradrenaline release in acute myocardial ischemia. Acta Physiol Scand 1987;129:7-85.
    • (1987) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.129 , pp. 7-85
    • Carlsson, L.1
  • 9
    • 0021740268 scopus 로고
    • Release of endogenous catecholamines in the ischemic myocardium of the cat. Part A: Locally mediated release
    • [9] Schoemig A, Dart AM, Dietz R, Mayer E, Kuebler W. Release of endogenous catecholamines in the ischemic myocardium of the cat. Part A: Locally mediated release. Circ Res 1984;55:689-701.
    • (1984) Circ Res , vol.55 , pp. 689-701
    • Schoemig, A.1    Dart, A.M.2    Dietz, R.3    Mayer, E.4    Kuebler, W.5
  • 10
    • 0021607715 scopus 로고
    • The deleterious effects of myocardial catecholamines on cellular electrophysiology and arrhythmias during ischemia and reperfusion
    • [10] Penny WJ. The deleterious effects of myocardial catecholamines on cellular electrophysiology and arrhythmias during ischemia and reperfusion. Eur Heart J 1984;5:960-973.
    • (1984) Eur Heart J , vol.5 , pp. 960-973
    • Penny, W.J.1
  • 11
    • 0027425976 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the electrophysiological response of canine ventricular epicardium and endocardium to ischemia. Role of the transient outward current
    • [11] Lukas A, Antzelevitch C. Differences in the electrophysiological response of canine ventricular epicardium and endocardium to ischemia. Role of the transient outward current. Circulation 1993;88:2903-2915.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 2903-2915
    • Lukas, A.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 12
    • 0023949670 scopus 로고
    • Transient outward current prominent in canine ventricular epicardium but not endocardium
    • [12] Litovsky SH, Antzelevitch C. Transient outward current prominent in canine ventricular epicardium but not endocardium. Circ Res 1988;62:116-126.
    • (1988) Circ Res , vol.62 , pp. 116-126
    • Litovsky, S.H.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 13
    • 0027460628 scopus 로고
    • Ionic bases for electrophysiological distinctions among epicardial, midmyocardial and endocardial myocytes from the free wall of the canine left ventricle
    • [13] Liu DW, Gintant GA, Antzelevitch C. Ionic bases for electrophysiological distinctions among epicardial, midmyocardial and endocardial myocytes from the free wall of the canine left ventricle. Circ Res 1993;72:671-687.
    • (1993) Circ Res , vol.72 , pp. 671-687
    • Liu, D.W.1    Gintant, G.A.2    Antzelevitch, C.3
  • 14
    • 4243557530 scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic effects of 4-aminopyridine, a transient outward current blocker, on 'ischemia'-induced reentry in isolated canine ventricular subepicardium
    • Abstract
    • [14] Lukas A, Antzelevitch C. Antiarrhythmic effects of 4-aminopyridine, a transient outward current blocker, on 'ischemia'-induced reentry in isolated canine ventricular subepicardium. Circulation 1991;84:II-506[Abstract].
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84
    • Lukas, A.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 15
    • 0027320016 scopus 로고
    • Pinacidil-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in canine ventricular tissues. Does activation of ATP-regulated potassium current promote phase 2 reentry?
    • [15] Di Diego JM, Antzelevitch C. Pinacidil-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in canine ventricular tissues. Does activation of ATP-regulated potassium current promote phase 2 reentry? Circulation 1993;88:1177-1189.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1177-1189
    • Di Diego, J.M.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 16
    • 0027530585 scopus 로고
    • Flecainide-induced arrhythmia in canine ventricular epicardium. Phase 2 reentry?
    • [16] Krishnan SC, Antzelevitch C. Flecainide-induced arrhythmia in canine ventricular epicardium. Phase 2 Reentry? Circulation 1993;87:562-572.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 562-572
    • Krishnan, S.C.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 17
    • 0028182422 scopus 로고
    • 2+]-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in isolated canine ventricular epicardium. Phase 2 reentry
    • 2+]-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in isolated canine ventricular epicardium. Phase 2 reentry. Circulation 1994;89:1839-1850.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 1839-1850
    • Di Diego, J.M.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 18
    • 0002842625 scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of electrical heterogeneity in the heart. The electrophysiology and pharmacology of epicardial, M, and endocardial cells
    • Podrid PJ, Kowey PR, eds. Baltimore. MD: William and Wilkins
    • [18] Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S, Lukas A, et al. Clinical implications of electrical heterogeneity in the heart. The electrophysiology and pharmacology of epicardial, M, and endocardial cells. In: Podrid PJ, Kowey PR, eds. Cardiac Arrhythmia: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management. Baltimore. MD: William and Wilkins, 1995;88-107.
    • (1995) Cardiac Arrhythmia: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management , pp. 88-107
    • Antzelevitch, C.1    Sicouri, S.2    Lukas, A.3
  • 19
    • 0016416595 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for reentry as a mechanism for cardiac arrhythmias
    • [19] Moe GK. Evidence for reentry as a mechanism for cardiac arrhythmias. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1975;72:55-81.
    • (1975) Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 55-81
    • Moe, G.K.1
  • 20
    • 0025829410 scopus 로고
    • A subpopulation of cells with unique electrophysiological properties in the deep subepicardium of the canine ventricle. The M cell
    • [20] Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. A subpopulation of cells with unique electrophysiological properties in the deep subepicardium of the canine ventricle. The M cell. Circ Res 1991;68:1729-1741.
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.68 , pp. 1729-1741
    • Sicouri, S.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 21
    • 0002076567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + currents to electrical heterogeneity across the canine ventricular wall under normal and ischemic conditions
    • Dhalla NS, Pierce GN, Panagia V, eds. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • + currents to electrical heterogeneity across the canine ventricular wall under normal and ischemic conditions. In: Dhalla NS, Pierce GN, Panagia V, eds. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996;439-456.
    • (1996) Pathophysiology of Heart Failure , pp. 439-456
    • Lukas, A.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 22
    • 0028004272 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular calcium activates a chloride current in canine ventricular myocytes
    • [22] Zygmunt AC. Intracellular calcium activates a chloride current in canine ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol 1994;267:H1984-H1995.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267
    • Zygmunt, A.C.1
  • 23
    • 0021255193 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of action potential durations in the canine left ventricle
    • [23] Sekiya S, Ichikawa S, Tsutsumi T, Harumi K. Distribution of action potential durations in the canine left ventricle. Jpn Heart J 1984;25:181-194.
    • (1984) Jpn Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 181-194
    • Sekiya, S.1    Ichikawa, S.2    Tsutsumi, T.3    Harumi, K.4
  • 24
    • 0025740845 scopus 로고
    • + currents in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes
    • + currents in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes. J Gen Physiol 1991;97:973-1011.
    • (1991) J Gen Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 973-1011
    • Apkon, M.1    Nerbonne, J.M.2
  • 25
    • 0022179889 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations: Role in conduction block, 'prolonged repolarization-dependent reexcitation', and tachyarrhythmias in the human heart
    • [25] Brugada P, Wellens HJJ. Early afterdepolarizations: role in conduction block, 'prolonged repolarization-dependent reexcitation', and tachyarrhythmias in the human heart. PACE 1985;8:889-896.
    • (1985) PACE , vol.8 , pp. 889-896
    • Brugada, P.1    Wellens, H.J.J.2
  • 26
    • 85047679831 scopus 로고
    • Purkinje fibre-papillary muscle interaction in the genesis of triggered activity in a guinea pig model
    • [26] Li ZY, Maldonado C, Zee-Cheng C, Hiromasa S, Kupersmith J. Purkinje fibre-papillary muscle interaction in the genesis of triggered activity in a guinea pig model. Cardiovasc Res 1992;26:543-548.
    • (1992) Cardiovasc Res , vol.26 , pp. 543-548
    • Li, Z.Y.1    Maldonado, C.2    Zee-Cheng, C.3    Hiromasa, S.4    Kupersmith, J.5
  • 27
    • 0026525969 scopus 로고
    • Conduction of early afterdepolarization in sheep Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. An in vitro arrhythmia model
    • [27] Li ZY, Maldonado C, Zee-Cheng C, Hiromasa S, Kupersmith J. Conduction of early afterdepolarization in sheep Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. An in vitro arrhythmia model. J Electrocardiol 1992;25:119-127.
    • (1992) J Electrocardiol , vol.25 , pp. 119-127
    • Li, Z.Y.1    Maldonado, C.2    Zee-Cheng, C.3    Hiromasa, S.4    Kupersmith, J.5
  • 28
    • 0023784610 scopus 로고
    • QTU prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to bradycardia-dependent early afterdepolarizations. Afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias
    • [28] El-Sherif N, Zeiler RH, Craelius W, Gough WB, Henkin R. QTU prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to bradycardia-dependent early afterdepolarizations. Afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias. Circ Res 1988;63:286-305.
    • (1988) Circ Res , vol.63 , pp. 286-305
    • El-Sherif, N.1    Zeiler, R.H.2    Craelius, W.3    Gough, W.B.4    Henkin, R.5
  • 29
    • 0028082351 scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by afterdepolarizations. The role of M cells in the generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsade de pointes
    • [29] Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S. Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by afterdepolarizations. The role of M cells in the generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsade de pointes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:259-277.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 259-277
    • Antzelevitch, C.1    Sicouri, S.2
  • 30
    • 0024536109 scopus 로고
    • Quinidine-induced action potential prolongation, early afterdepolarizations, and triggered activity in canine Purkinje fibers. Effects of stimulation rate, potassium, and magnesium
    • [30] Davidenko JM, Cohen L, Goodrow R, Antzelevitch C. Quinidine-induced action potential prolongation, early afterdepolarizations, and triggered activity in canine Purkinje fibers. Effects of stimulation rate, potassium, and magnesium. Circulation 1989;79:674-686.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.79 , pp. 674-686
    • Davidenko, J.M.1    Cohen, L.2    Goodrow, R.3    Antzelevitch, C.4
  • 31
    • 0021264274 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pacing on triggered activity induced by early afterdepolarizations
    • [31] Damiano BP, Rosen MR. Effects of pacing on triggered activity induced by early afterdepolarizations. Circulation 1984;69:1013-1025.
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.69 , pp. 1013-1025
    • Damiano, B.P.1    Rosen, M.R.2
  • 32
    • 0028911903 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: Mechanism and rate dependence
    • [32] Zeng J, Rudy Y. Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: mechanism and rate dependence. Biophys J 1995;68:949-964.
    • (1995) Biophys J , vol.68 , pp. 949-964
    • Zeng, J.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 35
    • 0002023498 scopus 로고
    • Selective pharmacological modification of repolarizing currents. Antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic actions of agents that influence repolarization in the heart
    • Breithardt J, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • [35] Antzelevitch C, Di Diego JM, Sicouri S, et al. Selective pharmacological modification of repolarizing currents. Antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic actions of agents that influence repolarization in the heart. In: Breithardt J, eds. Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Mechanisms of antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic actions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995:57-80.
    • (1995) Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Mechanisms of Antiarrhythmic and Proarrhythmic Actions , pp. 57-80
    • Antzelevitch, C.1    Di Diego, J.M.2    Sicouri, S.3
  • 36
    • 0024077896 scopus 로고
    • Reentry revisited
    • [36] El-Sherif N. Reentry revisited. PACE 1988;11:1358-1368.
    • (1988) PACE , vol.11 , pp. 1358-1368
    • El-Sherif, N.1
  • 37
    • 0017682785 scopus 로고
    • Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. III. The 'leading circle' concept: A new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle
    • [37] Allessie MA, Bonke FIM, Schopman JG. Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. III. The 'leading circle' concept: a new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle. Circ Res 1977;41:9-18.
    • (1977) Circ Res , vol.41 , pp. 9-18
    • Allessie, M.A.1    Bonke, F.I.M.2    Schopman, J.G.3
  • 38
    • 0022598265 scopus 로고
    • Circus movement tachycardia induced by a single premature stimulus on the ventricular sheet: Evaluation of the leading circle hypothesis in the canine ventricular muscle
    • [38] Kamiyama A, Eguchi K, Shibayama R. Circus movement tachycardia induced by a single premature stimulus on the ventricular sheet: evaluation of the leading circle hypothesis in the canine ventricular muscle. Jpn Circ J 1986;50:65-73.
    • (1986) Jpn Circ J , vol.50 , pp. 65-73
    • Kamiyama, A.1    Eguchi, K.2    Shibayama, R.3
  • 40
    • 0020587235 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and possible mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia dependent on the dispersion of action potential durations
    • [40] Kuo CS, Munakata K, Reddy CP, Surawicz B. Characteristics and possible mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia dependent on the dispersion of action potential durations. Circulation 1983;67:1356-1367.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , pp. 1356-1367
    • Kuo, C.S.1    Munakata, K.2    Reddy, C.P.3    Surawicz, B.4
  • 41
    • 0027360674 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of selective epicardial activation delay during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs
    • [41] Arenal A, Villemaire C, Nattel S. Mechanism of selective epicardial activation delay during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. Circulation 1993;88:2381-2388.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 2381-2388
    • Arenal, A.1    Villemaire, C.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 42
    • 0021918728 scopus 로고
    • Intramural reentry as a mechanism of ventricular tachycardia during evolving canine myocardial infarction
    • [42] Kramer JB, Saffitz JE, Witkowski FX, Corr PB. Intramural reentry as a mechanism of ventricular tachycardia during evolving canine myocardial infarction. Circ Res 1985;56:736-754.
    • (1985) Circ Res , vol.56 , pp. 736-754
    • Kramer, J.B.1    Saffitz, J.E.2    Witkowski, F.X.3    Corr, P.B.4
  • 43
    • 0023232772 scopus 로고
    • Reentrant and nonreentrant mechanisms contribute to arrhythmogenesis during early myocardial ischemia: Results using three-dimensional mapping
    • [43] Pogwizd SM, Corr PB. Reentrant and nonreentrant mechanisms contribute to arrhythmogenesis during early myocardial ischemia: Results using three-dimensional mapping. Circ Res 1987;61:352-371.
    • (1987) Circ Res , vol.61 , pp. 352-371
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Corr, P.B.2
  • 44
    • 0025240007 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular arrhythmias in the subacute myocardial infarction period. High-resolution activation and refractory patterns of reentrant rhythms
    • [44] Restivo M, Gough WB, El-Sherif N. Ventricular arrhythmias in the subacute myocardial infarction period. High-resolution activation and refractory patterns of reentrant rhythms. Circ Res 1990;66:1310-1327.
    • (1990) Circ Res , vol.66 , pp. 1310-1327
    • Restivo, M.1    Gough, W.B.2    El-Sherif, N.3
  • 46
    • 0021383294 scopus 로고
    • Transmural pH gradient in canine myocardial ischemia
    • [46] Watson RM, Markle DR, Ro YM, et al. Transmural pH gradient in canine myocardial ischemia. Am J Physiol 1984;246:H232-H238.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.246
    • Watson, R.M.1    Markle, D.R.2    Ro, Y.M.3
  • 47
    • 0028256057 scopus 로고
    • Endocardial and epicardial interstitial purines and lactate during graded ischemia
    • [47] Delyani JA, Van Wylen DGL. Endocardial and epicardial interstitial purines and lactate during graded ischemia. Am J Physiol 1994;266:H1019-H1026.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Delyani, J.A.1    Van Wylen, D.G.L.2
  • 48
    • 0020503607 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that ischemic cell death begins in the subendocardium independent of variations in collateral flow or wall tension
    • [48] Lowe JE, Cummings RG, Adams DH, Hull-Ryde EA. Evidence that ischemic cell death begins in the subendocardium independent of variations in collateral flow or wall tension. Circulation 1983;68:190-202.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.68 , pp. 190-202
    • Lowe, J.E.1    Cummings, R.G.2    Adams, D.H.3    Hull-Ryde, E.A.4
  • 49
    • 0026583215 scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial ischemia causes a transmural gradient in glucose extraction but not glucose uptake
    • [49] Stanley WC, Hall JL, Stone CK, Hacker TA. Acute myocardial ischemia causes a transmural gradient in glucose extraction but not glucose uptake. Am J Physiol 1992;262:H91-H96.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Stanley, W.C.1    Hall, J.L.2    Stone, C.K.3    Hacker, T.A.4
  • 50
    • 0026517162 scopus 로고
    • Response of high-energy phosphates and lactate release during prolonged regional ischemia in vivo
    • [50] Schaefer S, Schwartz GG, Wisneski JA, et al. Response of high-energy phosphates and lactate release during prolonged regional ischemia in vivo. Circulation 1992;85:342-349.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 342-349
    • Schaefer, S.1    Schwartz, G.G.2    Wisneski, J.A.3
  • 51
    • 0028106771 scopus 로고
    • Transient outward current in human ventricular myocytes of subepicardial and subendocardial origin
    • [51] Wettwer E, Amos GJ, Posival H, Ravens U. Transient outward current in human ventricular myocytes of subepicardial and subendocardial origin. Circ Res 1994;75:473-482.
    • (1994) Circ Res , vol.75 , pp. 473-482
    • Wettwer, E.1    Amos, G.J.2    Posival, H.3    Ravens, U.4
  • 52
    • 0030049208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in current density and rate-dependent properties of the transient outward current in subepicardial and subendocardial myocytes of human left ventricle
    • [52] Nabauer M, Beuckelmann DJ, Uberfuhr P, Steinbeck G. Regional differences in current density and rate-dependent properties of the transient outward current in subepicardial and subendocardial myocytes of human left ventricle. Circulation 1996;93:168-177.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 168-177
    • Nabauer, M.1    Beuckelmann, D.J.2    Uberfuhr, P.3    Steinbeck, G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.