Lipid signaling in adipose tissue: Connecting inflammation & metabolism

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids

Volumn 1851, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 503-518

  Masoodi, Mojgan ^a   Kuda, Ondrej ^b   Rossmeisl, Martin ^b   Flachs, Pavel ^b   Kopecky, Jan ^b  

^a NESTLÉ RESEARCH CENTER   (Switzerland)

^b INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Calorie restriction; Futile substrate cycle; Healthy adipocyte; Lipid mediator; Macrophage; Omega 3 fatty acids

Indexed keywords

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ENDOCANNABINOID; FATTY ACID; LIPID; AUTACOID;

ADIPOCYTE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; INFLAMMATION; LIPOLYSIS; MACROPHAGE; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; POLARIZATION; POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL; CELL COMMUNICATION; ENERGY METABOLISM; IMMUNOLOGY; LIPID METABOLISM; METABOLISM;

MUS;

ADIPOCYTES; ADIPOSE TISSUE, WHITE; ANIMALS; CELL COMMUNICATION; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; LIPID METABOLISM; MACROPHAGES; OBESITY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84922569444     PISSN: 13881981     EISSN: 18792618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.023     Document Type: Review

References (229)

1. A. Smorlesi, A. Frontini, A. Giordano, and S. Cinti The adipose organ: white-brown adipocyte plasticity and metabolic inflammation Obes. Rev. 13 Suppl. 2 2012 83 96
2. B. Cousin, S. Cinti, M. Morroni, S. Raimbault, D. Ricquier, L. Penicaud, and L. Casteilla Occurrence of brown adipocytes in rat white adipose tissue: molecular and morphological characterization J. Cell Sci. 103 1992 931 942
3. C. Guerra, R.A. Koza, H. Yamashita, K.W. King, and L.P. Kozak Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat in mice is under genetic control. Effects on body weight and adiposity J. Clin. Investig. 102 1998 412 420
4. T.B. Walden, I.R. Hansen, J.A. Timmons, B. Cannon, and J. Nedergaard Recruited vs. nonrecruited molecular signatures of brown, "brite," and white adipose tissues, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302 2012 E19 E31
5. S. Cinti The adipose organ Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 73 2005 9 15
6. D. Barneda, A. Frontini, S. Cinti, and M. Christian Dynamic changes in lipid droplet-associated proteins in the "browning" of white adipose tissues Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1831 2013 924 933
7. M.J. Lee, Y. Wu, and S.K. Fried Adipose tissue heterogeneity: implication of depot differences in adipose tissue for obesity complications Mol. Aspects Med. 34 2013 1 11
8. A.H. Kissebah, and G.R. Krakower Regional adiposity and morbidity Physiol. Rev. 74 1994 761 811
9. K.L. Spalding, E. Arner, P.O. Westermark, S. Bernard, B.A. Buchholz, O. Bergmann, L. Blomqvist, J. Hoffstedt, E. Naslund, T. Britton, H. Concha, M. Hassan, M. Ryden, J. Frisen, and P. Arner Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans Nature 453 2008 783 787
10. J.P. Despres, and I. Lemieux Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome Nature 444 2006 881 887
11. G. Enzi, M. Gasparo, P.R. Biondetti, D. Fiore, M. Semisa, and F. Zurlo Subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution according to sex, age and overweight, evaluated by computed tomography Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44 1986 739 746
12. M.E. Trujillo, and P.E. Scherer Adipose tissue-derived factors: impact on health and disease Endocr. Rev. 27 2006 762 778
13. H. Sell, C. Habich, and J. Eckel Adaptive immunity in obesity and insulin resistance Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 8 2012 709 716
14. T.E. Graham, Q. Yang, M. Bluher, A. Hammarstedt, T.P. Ciaraldi, R.R. Henry, C.J. Wason, A. Oberbach, P.A. Jansson, U. Smith, and B.B. Kahn Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in lean, obese and diabetic subjects N. Engl. J. Med. 354 2006 2552 2563
15. P.M. Moraes-Vieira, M.M. Yore, P.M. Dwyer, I. Syed, P. Aryal, and B.B. Kahn RBP4 activates antigen-presenting cells, leading to adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance Cell Metab. 19 2014 512 526
16. J. Villarroya, R. Cereijo, and F. Villarroya An endocrine role for brown adipose tissue? Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 305 2013 E567 E572
17. P. Flachs, M. Rossmeisl, O. Kuda, and J. Kopecky Stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity in white fat independent of UCP1: a key to lean phenotype Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1831 2013 986 1003
18. A. Girousse, and D. Langin Adipocyte lipases and lipid droplet-associated proteins: insight from transgenic mouse models Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 36 2012 581 594
19. R. Zechner, R. Zimmermann, T.O. Eichmann, S.D. Kohlwein, G. Haemmerle, A. Lass, and F. Madeo FAT SIGNALS - lipases and lipolysis in lipid metabolism and signaling Cell Metab. 15 2012 279 291
20. G. Haemmerle, A. Lass, R. Zimmermann, G. Gorkiewicz, C. Meyer, J. Rozman, G. Heldmaier, R. Maier, C. Theussl, S. Eder, D. Kratky, E.F. Wagner, M. Klingenspor, G. Hoefler, and R. Zechner Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase Science 312 2006 734 737
21. B. Spoto, F. Fezza, G. Parlongo, N. Battista, E. Sgro, V. Gasperi, C. Zoccali, and M. Maccarrone Human adipose tissue binds and metabolizes the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol Biochimie 88 2006 1889 1897
22. B.R. Martin, and R.M. Denton The intracellular localization of enzymes in white-adipose-tissue fat-cells and permeability properties of fat-cell mitochondria Biochem. J. 117 1970 861 877
23. H. Bottcher, and P. Furst Decreased white fat cell thermogenesis in obese individuals Int. J. Obes. 21 1997 439 444
24. T. Wang, Y. Zang, W. Ling, B.E. Corkey, and W. Guo Metabolic partitioning of endogenous fatty acid in adipocytes Obes. Res. 11 2003 880 887
25. V.A. Hammond, and D.G. Johnston Substrate cycling between triglyceride and fatty acid in human adipocytes Metabolism 36 1987 308 313
26. C.L. Yen, S.J. Stone, S. Koliwad, C. Harris, and R.V. Farese Jr. Thematic review series: glycerolipids. DGAT enzymes and triacylglycerol biosynthesis J. Lipid Res. 49 2008 2283 2301
27. C.K. Nye, R.W. Hanson, and S.C. Kalhan Glyceroneogenesis is the dominant pathway for triglyceride glycerol synthesis in vivo in the rat J. Biol. Chem. 283 2008 27565 27574
28. E.A. Newsholme, and B. Crabtree Substrate cycles: their metabolic energy and thermic consequences in man Biochem. Soc. Symp. 43 1976 183 205
29. E.P. Mottillo, P. Balasubramanian, Y.H. Lee, C. Weng, E.E. Kershaw, and J.G. Granneman Coupling of lipolysis and de novo lipogenesis in brown, beige, and white adipose tissues during chronic beta3-adrenergic receptor activation J. Lipid Res. 2014 10.1194/jlr.M050005 (in press)
30. G. Haemmerle, T. Moustafa, G. Woelkart, S. Buttner, A. Schmidt, T. van de Weijer, M. Hesselink, D. Jaeger, P.C. Kienesberger, K. Zierler, R. Schreiber, T. Eichmann, D. Kolb, P. Kotzbeck, M. Schweiger, M. Kumari, S. Eder, G. Schoiswohl, N. Wongsiriroj, N.M. Pollak, F.P. Radner, K. Preiss-Landl, T. Kolbe, T. Rulicke, B. Pieske, M. Trauner, A. Lass, R. Zimmermann, G. Hoefler, S. Cinti, E.E. Kershaw, P. Schrauwen, F. Madeo, B. Mayer, and R. Zechner ATGL-mediated fat catabolism regulates cardiac mitochondrial function via PPAR-alpha and PGC-1 Nat. Med. 17 2011 1076 1085
31. T.C. Walther, and R.V. Farese Jr. The life of lipid droplets Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1791 2009 459 466
32. C. Chascione, D.H. Elwyn, M. Davila, K.M. Gil, J. Askanazi, and J.M. Kinney Effect of carbohydrate intake on de novo lipogenesis in human adipose tissue Am. J. Physiol. 253 1987 E664 E669
33. M.P. Czech, M. Tencerova, D.J. Pedersen, and M. Aouadi Insulin signalling mechanisms for triacylglycerol storage Diabetologia 56 2013 949 964
34. M.M. Yore, I. Syed, P.M. Moraes-Vieira, T. Zhang, M.A. Herman, E.A. Homan, R.T. Patel, J. Lee, S. Chen, O.D. Peroni, A.S. Dhaneshwar, A. Hammarstedt, U. Smith, T.E. McGraw, A. Saghatelian, and B.B. Kahn Discovery of a class of endogenous mammalian lipids with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects Cell 159 2014 318 332
35. C.M. Kusminski, and P.E. Scherer Mitochondrial dysfunction in white adipose tissue Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 23 2012 435 443
36. J. Naukkarinen, S. Heinonen, A. Hakkarainen, J. Lundbom, K. Vuolteenaho, L. Saarinen, S. Hautaniemi, A. Rodriguez, G. Fruhbeck, P. Pajunen, T. Hyotylainen, M. Oresic, E. Moilanen, A. Suomalainen, N. Lundbom, J. Kaprio, A. Rissanen, and K.H. Pietilainen Characterising metabolically healthy obesity in weight-discordant monozygotic twins Diabetologia 57 2014 167 176
37. F. Diraison, E. Dusserre, H. Vidal, M. Sothier, and M. Beylot Increased hepatic lipogenesis but decreased expression of lipogenic gene in adipose tissue in human obesity Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 282 2002 E46 E51
38. W. Wahli, and L. Michalik PPARs at the crossroads of lipid signaling and inflammation Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 23 2012 351 363
39. P. Escher, O. Braissant, S. Basu-Modak, L. Michalik, W. Wahli, and B. Desvergne Rat PPARs: quantitative analysis in adult rat tissues and regulation in fasting and refeeding Endocrinology 142 2001 4195 4202
40. Y.X. Wang, C.H. Lee, S. Tiep, R.T. Yu, J. Ham, H. Kang, and R.M. Evans Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor delta activates fat metabolism to prevent obesity Cell 113 2003 159 170
41. P. Tontonoz, E. Hu, and B.M. Spiegelman Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPARgama2, a lipid-activated transcription factor Cell 79 1994 1147 1156
42. N. Enguix, R. Pardo, A. Gonzalez, V.M. Lopez, R. Simo, A. Kralli, and J.A. Villena Mice lacking PGC-1beta in adipose tissues reveal a dissociation between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance Mol. Metab. 2 2013 215 226
43. J.H. Choi, A.S. Banks, J.L. Estall, S. Kajimura, P. Bostrom, D. Laznik, J.L. Ruas, M.J. Chalmers, T.M. Kamenecka, M. Bluher, P.R. Griffin, and B.M. Spiegelman Anti-diabetic drugs inhibit obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARgamma by Cdk5 Nature 466 2010 451 456
44. P. Li, W. Fan, J. Xu, M. Lu, H. Yamamoto, J. Auwerx, D.D. Sears, S. Talukdar, D. Oh, A. Chen, G. Bandyopadhyay, M. Scadeng, J.M. Ofrecio, S. Nalbandian, and J.M. Olefsky Adipocyte NCoR knockout decreases PPARgamma phosphorylation and enhances PPARgamma activity and insulin sensitivity Cell 147 2011 815 826
45. S. Sugii, P. Olson, D.D. Sears, M. Saberi, A.R. Atkins, G.D. Barish, S.H. Hong, G.L. Castro, Y.Q. Yin, M.C. Nelson, G. Hsiao, D.R. Greaves, M. Downes, R.T. Yu, J.M. Olefsky, and R.M. Evans PPARgamma activation in adipocytes is sufficient for systemic insulin sensitization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 2009 22504 22509
46. S.E. Shoelson, L. Herrero, and A. Naaz Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance Gastroenterology 132 2007 2169 2180
47. J.M. Olefsky, and C.K. Glass Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance Annu. Rev. Physiol. 72 2010 219 246
48. A. Iyer, D.P. Fairlie, J.B. Prins, B.D. Hammock, and L. Brown Inflammatory lipid mediators in adipocyte function and obesity Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 6 2010 71 82
49. L.A. O'Neill, and D.G. Hardie Metabolism of inflammation limited by AMPK and pseudo-starvation Nature 493 2013 346 355
50. G.M. Barton, and J.C. Kagan A cell biological view of Toll-like receptor function: regulation through compartmentalization Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9 2009 535 542
51. H. Shi, M.V. Kokoeva, K. Inouye, I. Tzameli, H. Yin, and J.S. Flier TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance J. Clin. Invest. 116 2006 3015 3025
52. S.E. Shoelson, J. Lee, and M. Yuan Inflammation and the IKK beta/I kappa B/NF-kappa B axis in obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 27 Suppl. 3 2003 S49 S52
53. M.C. Arkan, A.L. Hevener, F.R. Greten, S. Maeda, Z.W. Li, J.M. Long, A. Wynshaw-Boris, G. Poli, J. Olefsky, and M. Karin IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance Nat. Med. 11 2005 191 198
54. D. Cai, M. Yuan, D.F. Frantz, P.A. Melendez, L. Hansen, J. Lee, and S.E. Shoelson Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-beta and NF-kappaB Nat. Med. 11 2005 183 190
55. M.A. McArdle, O.M. Finucane, R.M. Connaughton, A.M. McMorrow, and H.M. Roche Mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance: insights into the emerging role of nutritional strategies Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 4 2013 52
56. R. Dobrowsky, C. Kamibayashi, M. Mumby, and Y. Hannun Caramide activates heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A J. Biol. Chem. 268 1993 15523 15530
57. J.M. Haus, S.R. Kashyap, T. Kasumov, R. Zhang, K.R. Kelly, R.A. Defronzo, and J.P. Kirwan Plasma ceramides are elevated in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and correlate with the severity of insulin resistance Diabetes 58 2009 337 343
58. W.L. Holland, R.A. Miller, Z.V. Wang, K. Sun, B.M. Barth, H.H. Bui, K.E. Davis, B.T. Bikman, N. Halberg, J.M. Rutkowski, M.R. Wade, V.M. Tenorio, M.S. Kuo, J.T. Brozinick, B.B. Zhang, M.J. Birnbaum, S.A. Summers, and P.E. Scherer Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin Nat. Med. 17 2011 55 63
59. H. Wen, D. Gris, Y. Lei, S. Jha, L. Zhang, M.T. Huang, W.J. Brickey, and J.P. Ting Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling Nat. Immunol. 12 2011 408 415
60. B. Vandanmagsar, Y.H. Youm, A. Ravussin, J.E. Galgani, K. Stadler, R.L. Mynatt, E. Ravussin, J.M. Stephens, and V.D. Dixit The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance Nat. Med. 17 2011 179 188
61. J.A. Chavez, and S.A. Summers A ceramide-centric view of insulin resistance Cell Metab. 15 2012 585 594
62. B. Vandanmagsar, Y.H. Youm, A. Ravussin, J.E. Galgani, K. Stadler, R.L. Mynatt, E. Ravussin, J.M. Stephens, and V.D. Dixit The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance Nat. Med. 17 2011 (179-U214)
63. S.S. Iyer, Q. He, J.R. Janczy, E.I. Elliott, Z. Zhong, A.K. Olivier, J.J. Sadler, V. Knepper-Adrian, R.Z. Han, L. Qiao, S.C. Eisenbarth, W.M. Nauseef, S.L. Cassel, and F.S. Sutterwala Mitochondrial cardiolipin Is required for Nlrp3 inflammasome activation Immunity 39 2013 311 323
64. R. Stienstra, L.A. Joosten, T. Koenen, B. van Tits, J.A. van Diepen, S.A. van den Berg, P.C. Rensen, P.J. Voshol, G. Fantuzzi, A. Hijmans, S. Kersten, M. Muller, W.B. van den Berg, N. van Rooijen, M. Wabitsch, B.J. Kullberg, J.W. van der Meer, T. Kanneganti, C.J. Tack, and M.G. Netea The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity Cell Metab. 12 2010 593 605
65. R. Stienstra, J.A. van Diepen, C.J. Tack, M.H. Zaki, F.L. van de Veerdonk, D. Perera, G.A. Neale, G.J. Hooiveld, A. Hijmans, I. Vroegrijk, S. van den Berg, J. Romijn, P.C. Rensen, L.A. Joosten, M.G. Netea, and T.D. Kanneganti Inflammasome is a central player in the induction of obesity and insulin resistance Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 2011 15324 15329
66. A. Recchiuti, and C.N. Serhan Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) and their actions in regulating miRNA in novel resolution circuits in inflammation Front. Immunol. 3 2012 298
67. E. Titos, and J. Claria Omega-3-derived mediators counteract obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 107 2013 77 84
68. L. Balas, M. Guichardant, T. Durand, and M. Lagarde Confusion between protectin D1 (PD1) and its isomer protectin DX (PDX). An overview on the dihydroxy-docosatrienes described to date Biochimie 99 2014 1 7
69. M. Spite, J. Claria, and C.N. Serhan Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases Cell Metab. 19 2014 21 36
70. C.N. Lumeng, J.B. Delproposto, D.J. Westcott, and A.R. Saltiel Phenotypic switching of adipose tissue macrophages with obesity is generated by spatiotemporal differences in macrophage subtypes Diabetes 57 2008 3239 3246
71. D.Y. Oh, S. Talukdar, E.J. Bae, T. Imamura, H. Morinaga, W.Q. Fan, P.P. Li, W.J. Lu, S.M. Watkins, and J.M. Olefsky GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects Cell 142 2010 687 698
72. G.S. Hotamisligil Inflammation and metabolic disorders Nature 444 2006 860 867
73. A. Guilherme, J.V. Virbasius, V. Puri, and M.P. Czech Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9 2008 367 377
74. C.N. Lumeng, S.M. Deyoung, J.L. Bodzin, and A.R. Saltiel Increased inflammatory properties of adipose tissue macrophages recruited during diet-induced obesity Diabetes 56 2007 16 23
75. C.N. Lumeng, J.L. Bodzin, and A.R. Saltiel Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization J. Clin. Invest. 117 2007 175 184
76. S.P. Weisberg, D. McCann, M. Desai, M. Rosenbaum, R.L. Leibel, and A.W. Ferrante Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue J. Clin. Investig. 112 2003 1796 1808
77. H. Xu, G.T. Barnes, Q. Yang, G. Tan, D. Yang, C.J. Chou, J. Sole, A. Nichols, J.S. Ross, L.A. Tartaglia, and H. Chen Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance J. Clin. Invest. 112 2003 1821 1830
78. N. Kloting, M. Fasshauer, A. Dietrich, P. Kovacs, M.R. Schon, M. Kern, M. Stumvoll, and M. Bluher Insulin-sensitive obesity Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 299 2010 E506 E515
79. H. Kanda, S. Tateya, Y. Tamori, K. Kotani, K. Hiasa, R. Kitazawa, S. Kitazawa, H. Miyachi, S. Maeda, K. Egashira, and M. Kasuga MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity J. Clin. Invest. 116 2006 1494 1505
80. N. Kamei, K. Tobe, R. Suzuki, M. Ohsugi, T. Watanabe, N. Kubota, N. Ohtsuka-Kowatari, K. Kumagai, K. Sakamoto, M. Kobayashi, T. Yamauchi, K. Ueki, Y. Oishi, S. Nishimura, I. Manabe, H. Hashimoto, Y. Ohnishi, H. Ogata, K. Tokuyama, M. Tsunoda, T. Ide, K. Murakami, R. Nagai, and T. Kadowaki Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in adipose tissues causes macrophage recruitment and insulin resistance J. Biol. Chem. 281 2006 26602 26614
81. S.U. Amano, J.L. Cohen, P. Vangala, M. Tencerova, S.M. Nicoloro, J.C. Yawe, Y. Shen, M.P. Czech, and M. Aouadi Local proliferation of macrophages contributes to obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation Cell Metab. 19 2014 162 171
82. J. Haase, U. Weyer, K. Immig, N. Kloting, M. Bluher, J. Eilers, I. Bechmann, and M. Gericke Local proliferation of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity-induced inflammation Diabetologia 57 2014 562 571
83. S. Cinti, G. Mitchell, G. Barbatelli, I. Murano, E. Ceresi, E. Faloia, S. Wang, M. Fortier, A.S. Greenberg, and M.S. Obin Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans J. Lipid Res. 46 2005 2347 2355
84. Y. Oh da, E. Walenta, T.E. Akiyama, W.S. Lagakos, D. Lackey, A.R. Pessentheiner, R. Sasik, N. Hah, T.J. Chi, J.M. Cox, M.A. Powels, J. Di Salvo, C. Sinz, S.M. Watkins, A.M. Armando, H. Chung, R.M. Evans, O. Quehenberger, J. McNelis, J.G. Bogner-Strauss, and J.M. Olefsky A Gpr120-selective agonist improves insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in obese mice Nat. Med. 20 2014 942 947
85. A. Ichimura, A. Hirasawa, O. Poulain-Godefroy, A. Bonnefond, T. Hara, L. Yengo, I. Kimura, A. Leloire, N. Liu, K. Iida, H. Choquet, P. Besnard, C. Lecoeur, S. Vivequin, K. Ayukawa, M. Takeuchi, K. Ozawa, M. Tauber, C. Maffeis, A. Morandi, R. Buzzetti, P. Elliott, A. Pouta, M.R. Jarvelin, A. Korner, W. Kiess, M. Pigeyre, R. Caiazzo, H.W. Van, G.L. Van, F. Horber, B. Balkau, C. Levy-Marchal, K. Rouskas, A. Kouvatsi, J. Hebebrand, A. Hinney, A. Scherag, F. Pattou, D. Meyre, T.A. Koshimizu, I. Wolowczuk, G. Tsujimoto, and P. Froguel Dysfunction of lipid sensor GPR120 leads to obesity in both mouse and human Nature 483 2012 350 354
86. J. Hellmann, Y. Tang, M. Kosuri, A. Bhatnagar, and M. Spite Resolvin D1 decreases adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese-diabetic mice FASEB J. 25 2011 2399 2407
87. E. Titos, B. Rius, A. Gonzalez-Periz, C. Lopez-Vicario, E. Moran-Salvador, M. Martinez-Clemente, V. Arroyo, and J. Claria Resolvin D1 and its precursor docosahexaenoic acid promote resolution of adipose tissue inflammation by eliciting macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype J. Immunol. 187 2011 5408 5418
88. R.W. O'Rourke, M.D. Metcalf, A.E. White, A. Madala, B.R. Winters, I.I. Maizlin, B.A. Jobe, C.T. Roberts Jr., M.K. Slifka, and D.L. Marks Depot-specific differences in inflammatory mediators and a role for NK cells and IFN-gamma in inflammation in human adipose tissue Int. J. Obes. 33 2009 978 990
89. S.C. Huang, B. Everts, Y. Ivanova, D. O'Sullivan, M. Nascimento, A.M. Smith, W. Beatty, L. Love-Gregory, W.Y. Lam, C.M. O'Neill, C. Yan, H. Du, N.A. Abumrad, J.F. Urban Jr., M.N. Artyomov, E.L. Pearce, and E.J. Pearce Cell-intrinsic lysosomal lipolysis is essential for alternative activation of macrophages Nat. Immunol. 15 2014 846 855
90. M. Feuerer, L. Herrero, D. Cipolletta, A. Naaz, J. Wong, A. Nayer, J. Lee, A.B. Goldfine, C. Benoist, S. Shoelson, and D. Mathis Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parameters Nat. Med. 15 2009 930 939
91. S. Nishimura, I. Manabe, M. Nagasaki, K. Eto, H. Yamashita, M. Ohsugi, M. Otsu, K. Hara, K. Ueki, S. Sugiura, K. Yoshimura, T. Kadowaki, and R. Nagai CD8 + effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity Nat. Med. 15 2009 914 920
92. S. Winer, Y. Chan, G. Paltser, D. Truong, H. Tsui, J. Bahrami, R. Dorfman, Y. Wang, J. Zielenski, F. Mastronardi, Y. Maezawa, D.J. Drucker, E. Engleman, D. Winer, and H.M. Dosch Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapy Nat. Med. 15 2009 921 929
93. D. Wu, A.B. Molofsky, H.E. Liang, R.R. Ricardo-Gonzalez, H.A. Jouihan, J.K. Bando, A. Chawla, and R.M. Locksley Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis Science 332 2011 243 247
94. R.R. Rao, J.Z. Long, J.P. White, K.J. Svensson, J. Lou, I. Lokurkar, M.P. Jedrychowski, J.L. Ruas, C.D. Wrann, J.C. Lo, D.M. Camera, J. Lachey, S. Gygi, J. Seehra, J.A. Hawley, and B.M. Spiegelman Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis Cell 157 2014 1279 1291
95. Y. Qiu, K.D. Nguyen, J.I. Odegaard, X. Cui, X. Tian, R.M. Locksley, R.D. Palmiter, and A. Chawla Eosinophils and type 2 cytokine signaling in macrophages orchestrate development of functional beige fat Cell 157 2014 1292 1308
96. V. Mansuy-Aubert, Q.L. Zhou, X. Xie, Z. Gong, J.Y. Huang, A.R. Khan, G. Aubert, K. Candelaria, S. Thomas, D.J. Shin, S. Booth, S.M. Baig, A. Bilal, D. Hwang, H. Zhang, R. Lovell-Badge, S.R. Smith, F.R. Awan, and Z.Y. Jiang Imbalance between neutrophil elastase and its inhibitor alpha1-antitrypsin in obesity alters insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and energy expenditure Cell Metab. 17 2013 534 548
97. S. Talukdar, D.Y. Oh, G. Bandyopadhyay, D. Li, J. Xu, J. McNelis, M. Lu, P. Li, Q. Yan, Y. Zhu, J. Ofrecio, M. Lin, M.B. Brenner, and J.M. Olefsky Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase Nat. Med. 18 2012 1407 1412
98. J. Liu, A. Divoux, J. Sun, J. Zhang, K. Clement, J.N. Glickman, G.K. Sukhova, P.J. Wolters, J. Du, C.Z. Gorgun, A. Doria, P. Libby, R.S. Blumberg, B.B. Kahn, G.S. Hotamisligil, and G.P. Shi Genetic deficiency and pharmacological stabilization of mast cells reduce diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice Nat. Med. 15 2009 940 945
99. A. Tanaka, Y. Nomura, A. Matsuda, K. Ohmori, and H. Matsuda Mast cells function as an alternative modulator of adipogenesis through 15-deoxy-delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 301 2011 C1360 C1367
100. K. Jaworski, M. Ahmadian, R.E. Duncan, E. Sarkadi-Nagy, K.A. Varady, M.K. Hellerstein, H.Y. Lee, V.T. Samuel, G.I. Shulman, K.H. Kim, S. de Val, C. Kang, and H.S. Sul AdPLA ablation increases lipolysis and prevents obesity induced by high-fat feeding or leptin deficiency Nat. Med. 15 2009 159 168
101. J.N. Fain, C.W. Leffler, and S.W. Bahouth Eicosanoids as endogenous regulators of leptin release and lipolysis by mouse adipose tissue in primary culture J. Lipid Res. 41 2000 1689 1694
102. B.B. Fredholm, and P. Hedqvist Role of pre- and postjunctional inhibition by prostaglandin E2 of lipolysis induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation in dog subcutaneous adipose tissue in situ Br. J. Pharmacol. 47 1973 711 718
103. B. Richelsen Factors regulating the production of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) in rat and human adipocytes Biochem. J. 247 1987 389 394
104. K. Chatzipanteli, S. Rudolph, and L. Axelrod Coordinate control of lipolysis by prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin in rat adipose tissue Diabetes 41 1992 927 935
105. J.N. Fain, C.W. Leffler, G.S. Cowan Jr., C. Buffington, L. Pouncey, and S.W. Bahouth Stimulation of leptin release by arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E(2) in adipose tissue from obese humans Metabolism 50 2001 921 928
106. B. Richelsen, J.D. Borglum, and S.S. Sorensen Biosynthetic capacity and regulatory aspects of prostaglandin E2 formation in adipocytes Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 85 1992 73 81
107. M.K. Mater, D. Pan, W.G. Bergen, and D.B. Jump Arachidonic acid inhibits lipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through a prostanoid pathway J. Lipid Res. 39 1998 1327 1334
108. H. Yan, A. Kermouni, M. Abdel-Hafez, and D.C. Lau Role of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 in modulating adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells J. Lipid Res. 44 2003 424 429
109. G.Y. Chiou, and J.C. Fong Prostaglandin F2alpha increases glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through enhanced GLUT1 expression by a protein kinase C-dependent pathway Cell. Signal. 16 2004 415 421
110. S. Ghoshal, D.B. Trivedi, G.A. Graf, and C.D. Loftin Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency attenuates adipose tissue differentiation and inflammation in mice J. Biol. Chem. 286 2011 889 898
111. M.A. Mazid, A.A. Chowdhury, K. Nagao, K. Nishimura, M. Jisaka, T. Nagaya, and K. Yokota Endogenous 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) synthesized by adipocytes during maturation phase contributes to upregulation of fat storage FEBS Lett. 580 2006 6885 6890
112. I.J. Lodhi, L. Yin, A.P. Jensen-Urstad, K. Funai, T. Coleman, J.H. Baird, M.K. El Ramahi, B. Razani, H. Song, F. Fu-Hsu, J. Turk, and C.F. Semenkovich Inhibiting adipose tissue lipogenesis reprograms thermogenesis and PPARgamma activation to decrease diet-induced obesity Cell Metab. 16 2012 189 201
113. A.A. Chowdhury, M.S. Rahman, K. Nishimura, M. Jisaka, T. Nagaya, T. Ishikawa, F. Shono, and K. Yokota 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) interferes inducible synthesis of prostaglandins E(2) and F(2alpha) that suppress subsequent adipogenesis program in cultured preadipocytes Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 95 2011 53 62
114. M.S. Hossain, K. Nishimura, M. Jisaka, T. Nagaya, and K. Yokota Prostaglandin J2 series induces the gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes Gene 502 2012 138 141
115. J.P. Hardwick, K. Eckman, Y.K. Lee, M.A. Abdelmegeed, A. Esterle, W.M. Chilian, J.Y. Chiang, and B.J. Song Eicosanoids in metabolic syndrome Adv. Pharmacol. 66 2013 157 266
116. K. Yu, W. Bayona, C.B. Kallen, H.P. Harding, C.P. Ravera, G. McMahon, M. Brown, and M.A. Lazar Differential activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by eicosanoids J. Biol. Chem. 270 1995 23975 23983
117. P. Hallenborg, C. Jorgensen, R.K. Petersen, S. Feddersen, P. Araujo, P. Markt, T. Langer, G. Furstenberger, P. Krieg, A. Koppen, E. Kalkhoven, L. Madsen, and K. Kristiansen Epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3 regulates adipocyte differentiation and PPAR{gamma} activity Mol. Cell. Biol. 30 2010 4077 4091
118. C. Nugent, J.B. Prins, J.P. Whitehead, J.M. Wentworth, V.K. Chatterjee, and S. O'Rahilly Arachidonic acid stimulates glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels at the plasma membrane. Evidence for involvement of lipoxygenase metabolites and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 9149 9157
119. A.D. Dobrian, D.C. Lieb, Q. Ma, J.W. Lindsay, B.K. Cole, K. Ma, S.K. Chakrabarti, N.S. Kuhn, S.D. Wohlgemuth, M. Fontana, and J.L. Nadler Differential expression and localization of 12/15 lipoxygenases in adipose tissue in human obese subjects Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 403 2010 485 490
120. R. Horrillo, A. Gonzalez-Periz, M. Martinez-Clemente, M. Lopez-Parra, N. Ferre, E. Titos, E. Moran-Salvador, R. Deulofeu, V. Arroyo, and J. Claria 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein signals adipose tissue inflammation and lipid dysfunction in experimental obesity J. Immunol. 184 2010 3978 3987
121. S.K. Chakrabarti, B.K. Cole, Y. Wen, S.R. Keller, and J.L. Nadler 12/15-lipoxygenase products induce inflammation and impair insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes Obesity (Silver Spring) 17 2009 1657 1663
122. S.K. Chakrabarti, Y. Wen, A.D. Dobrian, B.K. Cole, Q. Ma, H. Pei, M.D. Williams, M.H. Bevard, G.E. Vandenhoff, S.R. Keller, J. Gu, and J.L. Nadler Evidence for activation of inflammatory lipoxygenase pathways in visceral adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 300 2011 E175 E187
123. E.K. Long, K. Hellberg, R. Foncea, A.V. Hertzel, J. Suttles, and D.A. Bernlohr Fatty acids induce leukotriene C4 synthesis in macrophages in a fatty acid binding protein-dependent manner Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1831 2013 1199 1207
124. J. Claria, J. Dalli, S. Yacoubian, F. Gao, and C.N. Serhan Resolvin d1 and resolvin d2 govern local inflammatory tone in obese fat J. Immunol. 189 2012 2597 2605
125. A. Neuhofer, M. Zeyda, D. Mascher, B.K. Itariu, I. Murano, L. Leitner, E.E. Hochbrugger, P. Fraisl, S. Cinti, C.N. Serhan, and T.M. Stulnig Impaired local production of proresolving lipid mediators in obesity and 17-HDHA as a potential treatment for obesity-associated inflammation Diabetes 62 2013 1945 1956
126. J. Claria, B.T. Nguyen, A.L. Madenci, C.K. Ozaki, and C.N. Serhan Diversity of lipid mediators in human adipose tissue depots Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 304 2013 C1141 C1149
127. P.J. White, and A. Marette Potential role of omega-3-derived resolution mediators in metabolic inflammation Immunol. Cell Biol. 92 2014 324 330
128. P.J. White, P. St-Pierre, A. Charbonneau, P.L. Mitchell, E. St-Amand, B. Marcotte, and A. Marette Protectin DX alleviates insulin resistance by activating a myokine-liver glucoregulatory axis Nat. Med. 20 2014 664 669
129. S. Banni, and P. Flachs Effect of dietary fat on endocannabinoids and related mediators: consequences on energy homeostasis, inflammation and mood Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 54 2010 82 92
130. M. Bluher, S. Engeli, N. Kloting, J. Berndt, M. Fasshauer, S. Batkai, P. Pacher, M.R. Schon, J. Jordan, and M. Stumvoll Dysregulation of the peripheral and adipose tissue endocannabinoid system in human abdominal obesity Diabetes 55 2006 3053 3060
131. P. Flachs The endocannabinoid system in obesity and type 2 diabetes Diabetologia 51 2008 1356 1367
132. D. Osei-Hyiaman, J. Liu, L. Zhou, G. Godlewski, J. Harvey-White, W.I. Jeong, S. Batkai, G. Marsicano, B. Lutz, C. Buettner, and G. Kunos Hepatic CB1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin resistance in mice J. Clin. Investig. 118 2008 3160 3169
133. A.R. Alvheim, M.K. Malde, D. Osei-Hyiaman, L.Y. Hong, R.J. Pawlosky, L. Madsen, K. Kristiansen, L. Froyland, and J.R. Hibbeln Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-AG and anandamide and induces obesity Obesity (Silver Spring) 20 2012 1984 1994
134. I. Matias, S. Petrosino, A. Racioppi, R. Capasso, A.A. Izzo, and P. Flachs Dysregulation of peripheral endocannabinoid levels in hyperglycemia and obesity: effect of high fat diets Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 286 2008 S66 S78
135. T.M. D'Eon, K.A. Pierce, J.J. Roix, A. Tyler, H. Chen, and S.R. Teixeira The role of adipocyte insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of obesity-related elevations in endocannabinoids Diabetes 57 2008 1262 1268
136. R.G. Mattace, A. Santoro, R. Russo, R. Simeoli, O. Paciello, C.C. Di, S. Diano, A. Calignano, and R. Meli Palmitoylethanolamide prevents metabolic alterations and restores leptin sensitivity in ovariectomized rats Endocrinology 155 2014 1291 1301
137. C. Silvestri, A. Martella, N.J. Poloso, F. Piscitelli, R. Capasso, A. Izzo, D.F. Woodward, and V. Di Marzo Anandamide-derived prostamide F2alpha negatively regulates adipogenesis J. Biol. Chem. 288 2013 23307 23321
138. M. Rossmeisl, J.Z. Macek, O. Kuda, T. Jelenik, D. Medrikova, B. Stankova, B. Kristinsson, G.G. Haraldsson, H. Svensen, I. Stoknes, P. Sjovall, Y. Magnusson, M.G. Balvers, K.C. Verhoeckx, E. Tvrzicka, M. Bryhn, and J. Kopecky Metabolic effects of n-3 PUFA as phospholipids are superior to triglycerides in mice fed a high-fat diet: possible role of endocannabinoids PLoS ONE 7 2012 e38834
139. S.E. O'Sullivan Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Br. J. Pharmacol. 152 2007 576 582
140. J.D. Borglum, B. Richelsen, C. Darimont, S.B. Pedersen, and R. Negrel Expression of the two isoforms of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2) during adipose cell differentiation Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 131 1997 67 77
141. P.O. Hetu, and D. Riendeau Down-regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in adipose tissue by high-fat feeding Obesity (Silver Spring) 15 2007 60 68
142. M.S. Hossain, A.A. Chowdhury, M.S. Rahman, K. Nishimura, M. Jisaka, T. Nagaya, F. Shono, and K. Yokota Stable expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in cultured preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis program independently of endogenous prostanoids Exp. Cell Res. 318 2012 408 415
143. S. Lu, K. Nishimura, M.A. Hossain, M. Jisaka, T. Nagaya, and K. Yokota Regulation and role of arachidonate cascade during changes in life cycle of adipocytes Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 118 2004 133 153
144. Y. Mendizabal, S. Llorens, and E. Nava Vasoactive effects of prostaglandins from the perivascular fat of mesenteric resistance arteries in WKY and SHROB rats Life Sci. 93 2013 1023 1032
145. K. Fujimori, T. Ueno, N. Nagata, K. Kashiwagi, K. Aritake, F. Amano, and Y. Urade Suppression of adipocyte differentiation by aldo-keto reductase 1B3 acting as prostaglandin F2alpha synthase J. Biol. Chem. 285 2010 8880 8886
146. J.D. Borglum, S.B. Pedersen, G. Ailhaud, R. Negrel, and B. Richelsen Differential expression of prostaglandin receptor mRNAs during adipose cell differentiation Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 57 1999 305 317
147. P. Strong, R.A. Coleman, and P.P. Humphrey Prostanoid-induced inhibition of lipolysis in rat isolated adipocytes: probable involvement of EP3 receptors Prostaglandins 43 1992 559 566
148. B.K. Cole, D.C. Lieb, A.D. Dobrian, and J.L. Nadler 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in adipose tissue inflammation Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 104-105 2013 84 92
149. D. Cota, G. Marsicano, M. Tschop, Y. Grubler, C. Flachskamm, M. Schubert, D. Auer, A. Yassouridis, C. Thone-Reineke, S. Ortmann, F. Tomassoni, C. Cervino, E. Nisoli, A.C. Linthorst, R. Pasquali, B. Lutz, G.K. Stalla, and U. Pagotto The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis J. Clin. Invest. 112 2003 423 431
150. I. Matias, M.P. Gonthier, P. Orlando, V. Martiadis, L. De Petrocellis, C. Cervino, S. Petrosino, L. Hoareau, F. Festy, R. Pasquali, R. Roche, M. Maj, U. Pagotto, P. Monteleone, and V. Di Marzo Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 2006 3171 3180
151. G. Astarita, and D. Piomelli Lipidomic analysis of endocannabinoid metabolism in biological samples J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 877 2009 2755 2767
152. A. Kosteli, E. Sugaru, G. Haemmerle, J.F. Martin, J. Lei, R. Zechner, and A.W. Ferrante Jr. Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue J. Clin. Invest. 120 2010 3466 3479
153. D. Medrikova, J.Z. Macek, K. Bardova, P. Janovsk, M. Rossmeisl, and J. Kopecky Sex differences during the course of diet-induced obesity in mice: adipose tissue expandability and glycemic control Int. J. Obes. 36 2011 262 272
154. G.A. Tynan, C.H. Hearnden, E. Oleszycka, C.L. Lyons, G. Coutts, J. O'Connell, M.A. Corrigan, L. Lynch, M. Campbell, J.J. Callanan, K.H. Mok, J. Geoghegan, C. O'Farrelly, S.M. Allan, H.M. Roche, D.B. O'Shea, and E.C. Lavelle Endogenous oils derived from human adipocytes are potent adjuvants that promote IL-1alpha-dependent inflammation Diabetes 63 2014 2037 2050
155. F. Capel, E. Klimcakova, N. Viguerie, B. Roussel, M. Vitkova, M. Kovacikova, J. Polak, Z. Kovacova, J. Galitzky, J.J. Maoret, J. Hanacek, T.H. Pers, A. Bouloumie, V. Stich, and D. Langin Macrophages and adipocytes in human obesity: adipose tissue gene expression and insulin sensitivity during calorie restriction and weight stabilization Diabetes 58 2009 1558 1567
156. T. Raclot, and H. Oudart Net release of individual fatty acids from white adipose tissue during lipolysis in vitro: evidence for selective fatty acid re-uptake Biochem. J 348 Pt 1 2000 129 136
157. T. Raclot, D. Langin, M. Lafontan, and R. Groscolas Selective release of human adipocyte fatty acids according to molecular structure Biochem. J. 324 Pt 3 1997 911 915
158. M.E. Kranendonk, F.L. Visseren, B.W. van Balkom, E.N. Nolte-'t Hoen, J.A. van Herwaarden, W. de Jager, H.S. Schipper, A.B. Brenkman, M.C. Verhaar, M.H. Wauben, and E. Kalkhoven Human adipocyte extracellular vesicles in reciprocal signaling between adipocytes and macrophages Obesity (Silver Spring) 22 2014 1296 1308
159. P. Flachs, R. Ruhl, M. Hensler, P. Janovsk, P. Zouhar, V. Kus, J.Z. Macek, E. Papp, O. Kuda, M. Svobodova, M. Rossmeisl, G. Tsenov, V. Mohamed-Ali, and J. Kopecky Synergistic induction of lipid catabolism and anti-inflammatory lipids in white fat of dietary obese mice in response to calorie restriction and n- 3 fatty acids Diabetologia 54 2011 2626 2638
160. B. Gustafson, S. Gogg, S. Hedjazifar, L. Jenndahl, A. Hammarstedt, and U. Smith Inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity in man Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 297 2009 E999 E1003
161. P.C. Calder, N. Ahluwalia, F. Brouns, T. Buetler, K. Clement, K. Cunningham, K. Esposito, L.S. Jonsson, H. Kolb, M. Lansink, A. Marcos, A. Margioris, N. Matusheski, H. Nordmann, J. O'Brien, G. Pugliese, S. Rizkalla, C. Schalkwijk, J. Tuomilehto, J. Warnberg, B. Watzl, and B.M. Winklhofer-Roob Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity Br. J. Nutr. 106 Suppl. 3 2011 S5 S78
162. B. Vessby, M. Unsitupa, K. Hermansen, G. Riccardi, A.A. Rivellese, L.C. Tapsell, C. Nalsen, L. Berglund, A. Louheranta, B.M. Rasmussen, G.D. Calvert, A. Maffetone, E. Pedersen, I.B. Gustafsson, and L.H. Storlien Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU Study1 Diabetologia 44 2001 312 319
163. S.A. Summers Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity Prog. Lipid Res. 45 2006 42 72
164. W.L. Holland, J.T. Brozinick, L.P. Wang, E.D. Hawkins, K.M. Sargent, Y. Liu, K. Narra, K.L. Hoehn, T.A. Knotts, A. Siesky, D.H. Nelson, S.K. Karathanasis, G.K. Fontenot, M.J. Birnbaum, and S.A. Summers Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates glucocorticoid-, saturated-fat-, and obesity-induced insulin resistance Cell Metab. 5 2007 167 179
165. P.M. Kris-Etherton, W.S. Harris, and L.J. Appel Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease Circulation 106 2002 2747 2757
166. M. Yokoyama, H. Origasa, M. Matsuzaki, Y. Matsuzawa, Y. Saito, Y. Ishikawa, S. Oikawa, J. Sasaki, H. Hishida, H. Itakura, T. Kita, A. Kitabatake, N. Nakaya, T. Sakata, K. Shimada, and K. Shirato Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis Lancet 369 2007 1090 1098
167. T.A. Mori, D.Q. Bao, V. Burke, I.B. Puddey, G.F. Watts, and L.J. Beilin Dietary fish as a major component of a weight-loss diet: effect on serum lipids, glucose, and insulin metabolism in overweight hypertensive subjects Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70 1999 817 825
168. C. Couet, J. Delarue, P. Ritz, J.M. Antoine, and F. Lamisse Effect of dietary fish oil on body fat mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adults Int. J. Obes. 21 1997 637 643
169. N. Bender, M. Portmann, Z. Heg, K. Hofmann, M. Zwahlen, and M. Egger Fish or n3-PUFA intake and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis Obes Rev. 15 2014 657 665
170. L. Spadaro, O. Magliocco, D. Spampinato, S. Piro, C. Oliveri, C. Alagona, G. Papa, A.M. Rabuazzo, and F. Purrello Effects of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Dig. Liver Dis. 40 2008 194 199
171. P. Flachs, M. Rossmeisl, and J. Kopecky The effect of n - 3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity Physiol. Res. 63 Suppl. 1 2014 S93 S118
172. L.H. Storlien, E.W. Kraegen, D.J. Chisholm, G.L. Ford, D.G. Bruce, and W.S. Pascoe Fish oil prevents insulin resistance induced by high-fat feeding in rats Science 237 1987 885 888
173. J. Ruzickova, M. Rossmeisl, T. Prazak, P. Flachs, J. Sponarova, M. Vecka, E. Tvrzicka, M. Bryhn, and J. Kopecky Omega-3 PUFA of marine origin limit diet-induced obesity in mice by reducing cellularity of adipose tissue Lipids 39 2004 1177 1185
174. M. Rossmeisl, T. Jelenik, Z. Jilkova, K. Slamova, V. Kus, M. Hensler, D. Medrikova, C. Povysil, P. Flachs, V. Mohamed-Ali, M. Bryhn, K. Berge, A.K. Holmeide, and J. Kopecky Prevention and reversal of obesity and glucose intolerance in mice by DHA derivatives Obesity 17 2009 1023 1031
175. O. Kuda, T. Jelenik, Z. Jilkova, P. Flachs, M. Rossmeisl, M. Hensler, L. Kazdova, N. Ogston, M. Baranowski, J. Gorski, P. Janovska, V. Kus, J. Polak, V. Mohamed-Ali, R. Burcelin, S. Cinti, M. Bryhn, and J. Kopecky n- 3 fatty acids and rosiglitazone improve insulin sensitivity through additive stimulatory effects on muscle glycogen synthesis in mice fed high-fat diet Diabetologia 52 2009 941 951
176. T. Jelenik, M. Rossmeisl, O. Kuda, Z.M. Jilkova, D. Medrikova, V. Kus, M. Hensler, P. Janovska, I. Miksik, M. Baranowski, J. Gorski, S. Hebrard, T.E. Jensen, P. Flachs, S. Hawley, B. Viollet, and J. Kopecky AMP-activated protein kinase {alpha}2 subunit is required for the preservation of hepatic insulin sensitivity by n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Diabetes 59 2010 2737 2746
177. J. Todoric, M. Loffler, J. Huber, M. Bilban, M. Reimers, A. Kadl, M. Zeyda, W. Waldhausl, and T.M. Stulnig Adipose tissue inflammation induced by high-fat diet in obese diabetic mice is prevented by n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Diabetologia 49 2006 2109 2119
178. C.E. Friedberg, M.J. Janssen, R.J. Heine, and D.E. Grobbee Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes. A meta-analysis Diabetes Care 21 1998 494 500
179. D. Kromhout, J.M. Geleijnse, G.J. de, L.M. Oude Griep, B.J. Mulder, M.J. de Boer, J.W. Deckers, E. Boersma, P.L. Zock, and E.J. Giltay n - 3 fatty acids, ventricular arrhythmia-related events, and fatal myocardial infarction in postmyocardial infarction patients with diabetes Diabetes Care 34 2011 2515 2520
180. P. Flachs, M. Rossmeisl, M. Bryhn, and J. Kopecky Cellular and molecular effects of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on adipose tissue biology and metabolism Clin. Sci. 116 2009 1 16
181. G. Bannenberg, and C.N. Serhan Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in the inflammatory response: an update Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801 2010 1260 1273
182. P.C. Calder Fatty acids and inflammation: the cutting edge between food and pharma Eur. J. Pharmacol. 668 2011 S50 S58
183. P. Flachs, V. Mohamed-Ali, O. Horakova, M. Rossmeisl, M.J. Hosseinzadeh-Attar, M. Hensler, J. Ruzickova, and J. Kopecky Polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed high-fat diet Diabetologia 49 2006 394 397
184. S. Neschen, K. Morino, J.C. Rossbacher, R.L. Pongratz, G.W. Cline, S. Sono, M. Gillum, and G.I. Shulman Fish oil regulates adiponectin secretion by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-dependent mechanism in mice Diabetes 55 2006 924 928
185. J.H. Wu, L.E. Cahill, and D. Mozaffarian Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98 2013 2451 2459
186. P. Flachs, O. Matejkova, P. Pecina, N. Frassen, P. Brauner, M. Rossmeisl, J. Keijer, J. Houstek, and J. Kopecky Polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce mitochondrial biogenesis and beta-oxidation in white fat Diabetologia 48 2005 2365 2375
187. T. Yamauchi, J. Kamon, Y. Minokoshi, Y. Ito, H. Waki, S. Uchida, S. Yamashita, M. Noda, S. Kita, K. Ueki, K. Eto, Y. Akanuma, P. Froguel, F. Foufelle, P. Ferre, D. Carling, S. Kimura, R. Nagai, B.B. Kahn, and T. Kadowaki Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase1 Nat. Med. 8 2002 1288 1295
188. C. Lipina, W. Rastedt, A.J. Irving, and H.S. Hundal New vistas for treatment of obesity and diabetes? Endocannabinoid signalling and metabolism in the modulation of energy balance Bioassays 34 2012 681 691
189. H. Butler, and M. Korbonits Cannabinoids for clinicians: the rise and fall of the cannabinoid antagonists Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161 2009 655 662
190. J. Kim, Y. Li, and B.A. Watkins Fat to treat fat: emerging relationship between dietary PUFA, endocannabinoids, and obesity Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 104-105 2013 32 41
191. B. Batetta, M. Griinari, G. Carta, E. Murru, A. Ligresti, L. Cordeddu, E. Giordano, F. Sanna, T. Bisogno, S. Uda, M. Collu, I. Bruheim, P. Flachs, and S. Banni Endocannabinoids may mediate the ability of (n-3) fatty acids to reduce ectopic fat and inflammatory mediators in obese Zucker rats J. Nutr. 139 2009 1495 1501
192. F. Piscitelli, G. Carta, T. Bisogno, E. Murru, L. Cordeddu, K. Berge, S. Tandy, J.S. Cohn, M. Griinari, S. Banni, and P. Flachs Effect of dietary krill oil supplementation on the endocannabinoidome of metabolically relevant tissues from high fat-fed mice Nutr. Metab. (Lond.) 8 2011 51
193. M.G.J. Balvers, K.C.M. Verhoeckx, P. Plastina, H.M. Wortelboer, J. Meijerink, and R.F. Witkamp Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are converted by 3T3-L1 adipocytes to N-acyl ethanolamines with anti-inflammatory properties Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1801 2010 1107 1114
194. S. Tandy, R.W. Chung, E. Wat, A. Kamili, K. Berge, M. Griinari, and J.S. Cohn Dietary krill oil supplementation reduces hepatic steatosis, glycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-fed mice J. Agric. Food Chem. 57 2009 9339 9345
195. A. Ferramosca, A. Conte, L. Burri, K. Berge, N.F. De, A.M. Giudetti, and V. Zara A krill oil supplemented diet suppresses hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats PLoS ONE 7 2012 e38797
196. K.C. Maki, M.S. Reeves, M. Farmer, M. Griinari, K. Berge, H. Vik, R. Hubacher, and T.M. Rains Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women Nutr. Res. 29 2009 609 615
197. J.P. Schuchardt, I. Schneider, H. Meyer, J. Neubronner, C. von Schacky, and A. Hahn Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations - a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil Lipids Health Dis. 10 2011 145
198. S.M. Ulven, B. Kirkhus, A. Lamglait, S. Basu, E. Elind, T. Haider, K. Berge, H. Vik, and J.I. Pedersen Metabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteers Lipids 46 2011 37 46
199. M.V. Chakravarthy, I.J. Lodhi, L. Yin, R.R.V. Malapaka, H.E. Xu, J. Turk, and C.F. Semenkowich Identification of a physiologically relevant endogenous ligand for PPARalfa in liver Cell 138 2009 476 488
200. J.M. Lee, Y.K. Lee, J.L. Mamrosh, S.A. Busby, P.R. Griffin, M.C. Pathak, E.A. Ortlund, and D.D. Moore A nuclear-receptor-dependent phosphatidylcholine pathway with antidiabetic effects Nature 474 2011 506 510
201. J.P. Schuchardt, and A. Hahn Bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids 89 2013 1 8
202. A.C. Hoper, W. Salma, A.M. Khalid, A.D. Hafstad, S.J. Sollie, J. Raa, T.S. Larsen, and E. Aasum Oil from the marine zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus improves the cardiometabolic phenotype of diet-induced obese mice Br. J. Nutr. 110 2013 2186 2193
203. T. Cadoudal, E. Distel, S. Durant, F. Fouque, J.M. Blouin, M. Collinet, S. Bortoli, C. Forest, and C. Benelli Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4: regulation by thiazolidinediones and implication in glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue Diabetes 57 2008 2272 2279
204. M. Bordicchia, D. Liu, E.Z. Amri, G. Ailhaud, P. Dessi-Fulgheri, C. Zhang, N. Takahashi, R. Sarzani, and S. Collins Cardiac natriuretic peptides act via p38 MAPK to induce the brown fat thermogenic program in mouse and human adipocytes J. Clin. Invest. 122 2012 1022 1036
205. J.N. Fain, A. Kanu, S.W. Bahouth, G.S. Cowan Jr., M.L. Hiler, and C.W. Leffler Comparison of PGE2, prostacyclin and leptin release by human adipocytes versus explants of adipose tissue in primary culture Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids 67 2002 467 473
206. B. Richelsen, E.F. Eriksen, H. Beck-Nielsen, and O. Pedersen Prostaglandin E2 receptor binding and action in human fat cells J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59 1984 7 12
207. A. Vegiopoulos, K. Muller-Decker, D. Strzoda, I. Schmitt, E. Chichelnitskiy, A. Ostertag, D.M. Berriel, J. Rozman, A.M. Hrabe de, R.M. Nusing, C.W. Meyer, W. Wahli, M. Klingenspor, and S. Herzig Cyclooxygenase-2 controls energy homeostasis in mice by de novo recruitment of brown adipocytes Science 328 2010 1158 1161
208. L. Madsen, L.M. Pedersen, H.H. Lillefosse, E. Fjaere, I. Bronstad, Q. Hao, R.K. Petersen, P. Hallenborg, T. Ma, R. De Matteis, P. Araujo, J. Mercader, M.L. Bonet, J.B. Hansen, B. Cannon, J. Nedergaard, J. Wang, S. Cinti, P. Voshol, S.O. Doskeland, and K. Kristiansen UCP1 induction during recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity PLoS ONE 5 2010 e11391
209. G. Vassaux, D. Gaillard, G. Ailhaud, and R. Negrel Prostacyclin is a specific effector of adipose cell-differentiation - its dual role as a camp-elevating and Ca2+-elevating agent J. Biol. Chem. 267 1992 11092 11097
210. S. Virtue, M. Masoodi, V. Velagapudi, C.Y. Tan, M. Dale, T. Suorti, M. Slawik, M. Blount, K. Burling, M. Campbell, N. Eguchi, G. Medina-Gomez, J.K. Sethi, M. Oresic, Y. Urade, J.L. Griffin, and A. Vidal-Puig Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase and PPARgamma2 coordinate to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo PLoS ONE 7 2012 e39512
211. M.S. Draman, F. Grennan-Jones, L. Zhang, P.N. Taylor, T.K. Tun, J. McDermott, P. Moriarty, D. Morris, C. Lane, S. Sreenan, C. Dayan, and M. Ludgate Effects of prostaglandin f2alpha on adipocyte biology relevant to graves' orbitopathy Thyroid 23 2013 1600 1608
212. Y. Taketani, R. Yamagishi, T. Fujishiro, M. Igarashi, R. Sakata, and M. Aihara Activation of the prostanoid FP receptor inhibits adipogenesis leading to deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 55 2014 1269 1276
213. R.M. Catalioto, D. Gaillard, J. Maclouf, G. Ailhaud, and R. Negrel Autocrine control of adipose cell differentiation by prostacyclin and PGF2 alpha Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1091 1991 364 369
214. Q. Ding, T. Mracek, P. Gonzalez-Muniesa, K. Kos, J. Wilding, P. Trayhurn, and C. Bing Identification of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in adipose tissue and its secretion as an adipokine by human adipocytes Endocrinology 150 2009 1688 1696
215. D. Sinha, S. Addya, E. Murer, and G. Boden 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14) prostaglandin J2: a putative endogenous promoter of adipogenesis suppresses the ob gene Metabolism 48 1999 786 791
216. B.M. Forman, P. Tontonoz, J. Chen, R.P. Brun, B.M. Spiegelman, and R.M. Evans 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARgama Cell 83 1995 803 812
217. A. Guilherme, G.J. Tesz, K.V. Guntur, and M.P. Czech Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces caspase-mediated cleavage of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in adipocytes J. Biol. Chem. 284 2009 17082 17091
218. I. Mothe-Satney, C. Filloux, H. Amghar, C. Pons, V. Bourlier, J. Galitzky, P.A. Grimaldi, C.C. Feral, A. Bouloumie, O.E. Van, and J.G. Neels Adipocytes secrete leukotrienes: contribution to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in mice Diabetes 61 2012 2311 2319
219. B.K. Cole, N.S. Kuhn, S.M. Green-Mitchell, K.A. Leone, R.M. Raab, J.L. Nadler, and S.K. Chakrabarti 12/15-Lipoxygenase signaling in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 302 2012 E654 E665
220. A.P. Burgess, L. Vanella, L. Bellner, K. Gotlinger, J.R. Falck, N.G. Abraham, M.L. Schwartzman, and A. Kappas Heme oxygenase (HO-1) rescue of adipocyte dysfunction in HO-2 deficient mice via recruitment of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and adiponectin Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 29 2012 99 110
221. H. Yamada, E. Oshiro, S. Kikuchi, M. Hakozaki, H. Takahashi, and K. Kimura Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids from the Pacific krill show high ligand activities for PPARs J. Lipid Res. 55 2014 895 904
222. A. Gonzalez-Periz, R. Horrillo, N. Ferre, K. Gronert, B. Dong, E. Moran-Salvador, E. Titos, M. Martinez-Clemente, M. Lopez-Parra, V. Arroyo, and J. Claria Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by omega-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins FASEB J. 23 2009 1946 1957
223. P.J. White, M. Arita, R. Taguchi, J.X. Kang, and A. Marette Transgenic restoration of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in insulin target tissues improves resolution capacity and alleviates obesity-linked inflammation and insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice Diabetes 59 2010 3066 3073
224. J.M. Schwab, N. Chiang, M. Arita, and C.N. Serhan Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmes Nature 447 2007 869 874
225. M.G. Balvers, K.C. Verhoeckx, S. Bijlsma, C.M. Rubingh, J. Meijerink, H.M. Wortelboer, and R.F. Witkamp Fish oil and inflammatory status alter the n-3 to n-6 balance of the endocannabinoid and oxylipin metabolomes in mouse plasma and tissues Metabolomics 8 2012 1130 1147
226. E. Borgeson, F.C. McGillicuddy, K.A. Harford, N. Corrigan, D.F. Higgins, P. Maderna, H.M. Roche, and C. Godson Lipoxin A4 attenuates adipose inflammation FASEB J. 26 2012 4287 4294
227. C. Gonzalez-Yanes, A. Serrano, F.J. Bermudez-Silva, M. Hernandez-Dominguez, M.A. Paez-Ochoa, F. Rodriguez de Fonseca, and V. Sanchez-Margalet Oleylethanolamide impairs glucose tolerance and inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rat adipocytes through p38 and JNK MAPK pathways Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 289 2005 E923 E929
228. M. Guzman, J. Lo Verme, J. Fu, F. Oveisi, C. Blazquez, and D. Piomelli Oleoylethanolamide stimulates lipolysis by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 27849 27854
229. J. Suarez, P. Rivera, S. Arrabal, A. Crespillo, A. Serrano, E. Baixeras, F.J. Pavon, M. Cifuentes, R. Nogueiras, J. Ballesteros, C. Dieguez, and F. Rodriguez de Fonseca Oleoylethanolamide enhances beta-adrenergic-mediated thermogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte phenotype in epididymal white adipose tissue in rat Dis. Model Mech. 7 2014 129 141