Exploring subsidiary desire for autonomy: A conceptual framework and empirical findings

Journal of International Marketing

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 21-43

  Homburg, Christian ^a   Prigge, Jana Kristin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANNHEIM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Autonomy; Headquarters subsidiary relationship; International subsidiaries; Marketing decision making; Structural equation modeling

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922012379     PISSN: 1069031X     EISSN: 15477215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1509/jim.14.0026     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Ambos, Bjorn and Volker Mahnke (2010), "How Do MNC Headquarters Add Value?" Management International Review, 50(4), 403-412.
2. - and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch (2007), "Innovation and Control in the Multinational Firm: A Comparison of Political and Contingency Approaches", Strategic Management Journal, 28(5), 473-86.
3. Ambos, Tina C, Ulf Andersson, and Julian Birkinshaw (2010), "What Are the Consequences of Initiative-Taking in Multinational Subsidiaries?" Journal of International Business Studies, 41(7), 1099-1118.
4. - and Julian Birkinshaw (2010), "Headquarters' Attention and Its Effect on Subsidiary Performance", Management International Review, 50(4), 449-69.
5. Andaleeb, Syed Saad (1995), "Dependence Relations and the Moderating Role of Trust: Implications for Behavioral Intentions in Marketing Channels", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 157-72.
6. Andersson, Ulf, Mats Forsgren, and Ulf Holm (2007), "Balancing Subsidiary Influence in the Federative MNC: A Business Network View", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 802-818.
7. -, -, and Torben Pedersen (2001), "Subsidiary Performance in Multinational Corporations: The Importance of Technology Embeddedness", International Business Review, 10(1), 3-23.
8. Armstrong, Scott J. and Terry S. Overton (1977), "Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys", Journal of Marketing Research, 14(August), 396-402.
9. Ashforth, Blake E. (1989), "The Experience of Powerlessness in Organizations", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43(2), 207-242.
10. Astley, W. Graham and Edward J. Zajac (1990), "Beyond Dyadic Exchange: Functional Interdependence and Sub-Unit Power", Organization Studies, 11(4), 481-501.
11. Bagozzi, Richard P. and Hans Baumgartner (1994), "The Evaluation of Structural Equation Models in Marketing Research", in Principles of Marketing Research, Richard P. Bagozzi, ed. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 386-422.
12. Baldauf, Artur, David W. Cravens, and Nigel F. Piercy (2005), "Sales Management Control Research-Synthesis and an Agenda for Future Research", Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 25(1), 7-26.
13. Balogun, Julia, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Eero Vaara (2011), "Selling, Resistance and Reconciliation: A Critical Discursive Approach to Subsidiary Role Evolution in MNEs", Journal of International Business Studies, 42(6), 765-86.
14. Bartlett, Christopher A. and Sumantra Ghoshal (2003), "What Is a Global Manager?" Harvard Business Review, 81(8), 101-108.
15. Becker, Thomas E. (2005), "Potential Problems in the Statistical Control of Variables in Organizational Research: A Qualitative Analysis with Recommendations", Organizational Research Methods, 8(3), 274-89.
16. Bentler, Paul M. and Douglas G. Bonett (1980), "Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures", Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
17. Birkinshaw, Julian (1999), "The Determinants and Consequences of Subsidiary Initiative in Multinational Corporations", Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 9-36.
18. -, Ulf Holm, Peter Thilenius, and Niklas Arvidsson (2000), "Consequences of Perception Gaps in the Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationship", International Business Review, 9(3), 321-44.
19. - and Neil Hood (1998), "Multinational Subsidiary Evolution: Capability and Charter Change in Foreign-Owned Subsidiary Companies", Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 773-95.
20. - and Mats Lingblad (2005), "Intrafirm Competition and Charter Evolution in the Multibusiness Firm", Organization Science, 16(6), 674-86.
21. Bouquet, Cyril, Allen J. Morrison, and Julian Birkinshaw (2009), "International Attention and Multinational Enterprise Performance", Journal of International Business Studies, 40(1), 108-113.
22. Brehm, Jack W. (1966), A Theory of Psychological Reactance. New York: Academic Press.
23. Brehm, Sharon S. and Jack W Brehm (1981), Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control. New York: Academic Press.
24. Burke, Michael J. and William P. Dunlap (2002), "Estimating Interrater Agreement with the Average Deviation Index: A User's Guide", Organizational Research Methods, 5(April), 159-72.
25. Child, John (1973), "Strategies of Control and Organizational Behavior", Administrative Science Quarterly, 18(1), 1-17.
26. Chini, Tina, Björn Ambos, and Katrin Wehle (2005), "The Headquarters-Subsidiaries Trench: Tracing Perception Gaps Within the Multinational Corporation", European Management Journal, 23(2), 145-53.
27. Cohen, Jacob, Patricia Cohen, Stephen G. West, and Leona S. Aiken (2003), Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
28. Colombo, Massimo G. and Marco Delmastro (2004), "Delegation of Authority in Business Organizations: An Empirical Test", Journal of Industrial Economics, 52(1), 53-80.
29. Comer, James M. (1984), "A Psychometric Assessment of a Measure of Sales Representatives' Power Perceptions", Journal of Marketing Research, 21(May), 221-25.
30. Contractor, Farok J., Sumit K. Kundu, and Chin-Chun Hsu (2003), "A Three-Stage Theory of International Expansion: The Link Between Multinationality and Performance in the Service Sector", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1), 5-18.
31. Cortina, Jose M., Gilad Chen, and William P. Dunlap (2001), "Testing Interaction Effects in LISREL: Examination and Illustration of Available Procedures", Organizational Research Methods, 4(4), 324-60.
32. Deci, Edward L., Jennifer G. La Guardia, Arlen C. Moller, Marc J. Scheiner, and Richard M. Ryan (2006), "On the Benefits of Giving as Well as Receiving Autonomy Support: Mutuality in Close Friendships", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 313-27.
33. Dellestrand, Henrik and Philip Kappen (2011), "Headquarters Allocation of Resources to Innovation Transfer Projects Within the Multinational Enterprise", Journal of International Management, 17(4), 263-77.
34. Dong, Beibei, Shaoming Zou, and Charles R. Taylor (2008), "Factors That Influence Multinational Corporations' Control of Their Operations in Foreign Markets: An Empirical Investigation", Journal of International Marketing, 16(1), 98-119.
35. Evan, William M. and Morris Zelditch (1961), "A Laboratory Experiment on Bureaucratic Authority", American Sociological Review, 26(6), 883-93.
36. Fornell, Claes and David F. Larcker (1981), "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", Journal of Marketing Research, 18(February), 39-50.
37. Fuligni, Andrew J. (1998), "Authority, Autonomy, and Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Cohesion: A Study of Adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European Backgrounds", Developmental Psychology, 34(4), 782-92.
38. Gagne, Marylene and Edward L. Deci (2005), "Self-Determination Theory and Work Motivation", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-62.
39. -, Caroline B. Senecal, and Richard Koestner (1997), "Proximal Job Characteristics, Feelings of Empowerment, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Multidimensional Model", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(14), 1222-40.
40. Gamier, Gerard H., Thomas Noel Osborn, Fernando Galicia, and Rafael A. Lecon (1979), "Autonomy of the Mexican Affiliates of U. S. Multinational Corporations", Colombia Journal of World Business, 14(1), 78-90.
41. Gaski, John F. (1986), "Interrelations Among a Channel Entity's Power Sources: Impact of the Exercise of Reward and Coercion on Expert, Referent, and Legitimate Power Sources", Journal of Marketing, 23(January), 62-77.
42. Gates, Stephen R. and William G. Egelhoff (1986), "Centralization in Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationships", Journal of International Business Studies, 17(2), 71-92.
43. Genctiirk, Esra F. and Preet S. Aulakh (1995), "The Use of Process and Output Controls in Foreign Markets", Journal of International Business Studies, 26(4), 755-86.
44. Gerbing, David W. and James C. Anderson (1988), "An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Uni-dimensionality and Its Assessment", Journal of Marketing Research, 25(May), 186-92.
45. Ghoshal, Sumantra and Nitin Nohria (1989), "Internal Differentiation Within Multinational Corporations", Strategic Management Journal, 10(4), 323-37.
46. Grewal, Rajdeep, Alok Kumar, Girish Mallapragada, and Amit Saini (2013), "Marketing Channels in Foreign Markets: Control Mechanisms and the Moderating Role of Multinational Corporation Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationship", Journal of Marketing Research, 50(June), 378-98.
47. Hansen, Morten T and Bjarn Levis (2004), "How Do Multinational Companies Leverage Technological Competencies? Moving from Single to Interdependent Explanations", Strategic Management Journal, 25(8/9), 801-822.
48. Harzing, Anne-Wil (1997), "Response Rates in International Mail Surveys: Results of a 22-Country Study", International Business Review, 6(6), 641-65.
49. Heide, Jan B., Kenneth H. Wathne, and Aksel I. Rokkan (2007), "Interfirm Monitoring, Social Contracts, and Relationship Outcomes", Journal of Marketing Research, 44(May), 425-33.
50. Hewett, Kelly and William O. Bearden (2001), "Dependence, Trust, and Relational Behavior on the Part of Foreign Subsidiary Marketing Operations: Implications for Managing Global Marketing Operations", Journal of Marketing, 65(October), 51-66.
51. -, Martin S. Roth, and Kendall Roth (2003), "Conditions Influencing Headquarters and Foreign Subsidiary Roles in Marketing Activities and Their Effects on Performance", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(6), 567-85.
52. Hofstede, Geert, Gert Jan Hofstede, and Michael Minkov (2010), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
53. Homburg, Christian, Andreas Fiirst, and Christina Kuehnl (2012), "Ensuring International Competitiveness: A Configurative Approach to Foreign Marketing Subsidiaries", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), 290-312.
54. -, Michael Miiller, and Martin Klarmann (2011), "When Should the Customer Really Be King? On the Optimum Level of Salesperson Customer Orientation in Sales Encounters", Journal of Marketing, 75(March), 55-74.
55. Hui, Michael K., Kevin Au, and Henry Fock (2004), "Empowerment Effects Across Cultures", Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 46-60.
56. Jain, Subhash C. (1989), "Standardization of International Marketing Strategy: Some Research Hypotheses", Journal of Marketing, 53(January), 70-79.
57. James, Lawrence R., Stanley A. Mulaik, and Jeanne M. Brett (2006), "A Tale of Two Methods", Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 233-44.
58. Jarvis, Cheryl B., Scott B. MacKenzie, and Philip M. Podsakoff (2003), "A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research", Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199-218.
59. Jensen, Jaclyn M. and Jana L. Raver (2012), "When Self-Management and Surveillance Collide: Consequences for Employees' Organizational Citizenship and Counterproductive Work Behaviors", Group and Organization Management, 37(3), 308-346.
60. Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling (1976), "Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure", Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
61. John, George (1984), "An Empirical Investigation of Some Antecedents of Opportunism in a Marketing Channel", Journal of Marketing Research, 21(August), 278-89.
62. Johnston, Stewart and Bulent Menguc (2007), "Subsidiary Size and the Level of Subsidiary Autonomy in Multinational Corporations: A Quadratic Model Investigation of Australian Subsidiaries", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 787-801.
63. Katsikea, Evangelia, Marios Theodosiou, and Robert E. Morgan (2007), "Managerial, Organizational, and External Drivers of Sales Effectiveness in Export Market Ventures", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35(2), 270-83.
64. Katsikeas, Constantine S., Saeed Samiee, and Marios Theodosiou (2006), "Strategy Fit and Performance Consequences of International Marketing Standardization", Strategic Management Journal, 27(9), 867-90.
65. Kaufmann, Lutz and Jan-Frederik Roesch (2012), "Constraints to Building and Deploying Marketing Capabilities by Emerging Market Firms in Advanced Markets", Journal of International Marketing, 20(4), 1-24.
66. Keith, Janet E., Donald W. Jackson, and Lawrence A. Crosby (1990), "Effects of Alternative Types of Influence Strategies Under Different Channel Dependence Structures", Journal of Marketing, 54(July), 30-41.
67. Kim, W. Chan and Renee A. Mauborgne (1991), "Implementing Global Strategies: The Role of Procedural Justice", Strategic Management Journal, 12(Special Issue), 125-13.
68. - and - (1993), "Procedural Justice, Attitudes, and Subsidiary Top Management Compliance with Multinationals' Corporate Strategic Decisions", Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), 502-526.
69. Kirca, Ahmet H., William O. Bearden, and Kendall Roth (2010), "Implementation of Market Orientation in the Subsidiaries of Global Companies: The Role of Institutional Factors", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(5), 683-99.
70. Knee, C. Raymond, Cynthia Lonsbary, Amy Canevello, and Heather Patrick (2005), "Self-Determination and Conflict in Romantic Relationships", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 997-1009.
71. Lawrence, Thomas B. and Sandra L. Robinson (2007), "Ain't Misbehavin': Workplace Deviance as Organizational Resistance", Journal of Management, 33(3), 378-94.
72. Lee, Ruby P., Qimei Chen, Daekwan Kim, and Jean L. Johnson (2008), "Knowledge Transfer Between Multinational Corporations' Headquarters and Their Subsidiaries: Influences on and Implications for New Product Outcomes", Journal of International Marketing, 16(2), 1-31.
73. -, -, and Xiongwen Lu (2009), "In Search of Platforms to Increase Market Responsiveness: Evidence from Foreign Subsidiaries", Journal of International Marketing, 17(2), 59-73.
74. Leonidou, Leonidas C, Bradley R. Barnes, Stavroula A. Spyropoulou, and Constantine S. Katsikeas (2010), "Assessing the Contribution of Mainstream Marketing Journals to the International Marketing Discipline", International Marketing Review, 27(5), 491-518.
75. Luo, Yadong (2001), "Determinants of Local Responsiveness: Perspectives from Foreign Subsidiaries in an Emerging Market", Journal of Management, 27(4), 451-77.
76. Luque-Martinez, Teodoro, Jose-Angel Ibanez-Zapata, and Salvador del Barrio-Garcia (2000), "Consumer Ethnocentrism Measurement: An Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the CETSCALE in Spain", European Journal of Marketing, 34(11/12), 1353-73.
77. MacKenzie, Scott B., Philip M. Podsakoff, and Richard Fetter (1993), "The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Evaluations of Salesperson Performance", Journal of Marketing, 57(January), 70-80.
78. -, -, and Nathan P. Podsakoff (2011), "Challenge-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Organizational Effectiveness: Do Challenge-Oriented Behaviors Really Have an Impact on the Organization's Bottom Line?" Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 559-92.
79. MacKinnon, David P., Chondra M. Lockwood, Jeanne M. Hoffman, Stephen G. West, and Virgil Sheets (2002), "A Comparison of Methods to Test Mediation and Other Intervening Variable Effects", Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83-104.
80. Marsh, Herbert W., Zhonglin Wen, and Kit-Tai Hau (2004), "Structural Equation Models of Latent Interactions: Evaluation of Alternative Estimation Strategies and Indicator Construction", Psychological Methods, 9(3), 275-300.
81. Menon, Anil, Sundar G. Bharadwaj, and Roy Howell (1996), "The Quality and Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy: Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict in Intraorganizational Relationships", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(4), 299-313.
82. Minbaeva, Dana, Torben Pedersen, Ingmar Björkman, Carl F. Fey, and Hyeon Jeong Park (2003), "MNC Knowledge Transfer, Subsidiary Absorptive Capacity, and HRM", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(6), 586-99.
83. Morgan, Neil A., Constantine S. Katsikeas, and Douglas W Vorhies (2012), "Export Marketing Strategy Implementation, Export Marketing Capabilities, and Export Venture Performance", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), 271-89.
84. Muthén, Linda K. and Bengt O. Muthén (2007), Mplus User's Guide. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
85. Nesler, Mitchell S., Herman Aguinis, Brian M. Quigley, Suk-Jae Lee, and James T. Tedeschi (1999), "The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Global Social Power Based on French and Raven's Power Taxonomy", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(4), 750-71.
86. Obadia, Claude and Irena Vida (2006), "Endogenous Opportunism in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises' Foreign Subsidiaries: Classification and Research Propositions", Journal of International Marketing, 14(4), 57-86.
87. O'Donnell, Sharon W. (2000), "Managing Foreign Subsidiaries: Agents of Headquarters, or an Interdependent Network?" Strategic Management Journal, 21(5), 525-48.
88. Özsomer, Ayeşegül and Esra Gençtürk (2003), "A Resource-Based Model of Market Learning in the Subsidiary: The Capabilities of Exploration and Exploitation", Journal of International Marketing, 11(3), 1-29.
89. - and Gregory E. Prussia (2000), "Competing Perspectives in International Marketing Strategy: Contingency and Process Models", Journal of International Marketing, 8(1), 27-50.
90. Pahl, Joy M. and Kendall Roth (1993), "Managing the Headquarters-Foreign Subsidiary Relationship: The Roles of Strategy, Conflict, and Integration", International Journal of Conflict Management, 4(2), 139-65.
91. Paterson, S. L. and D. M. Brock (2002), "The Development of Subsidiary-Management Research: Review and Theoretical Analysis", International Business Review, 11(2), 139-63.
92. Penrose, Edith T. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
93. Perrow, Charles (1986), Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay. New York: Random House.
94. Pfeffer, Jeffrey and Gerald R. Salancik (1978), The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Stanford University Press.
95. Podsakoff, Philip M., Scott B. MacKenzie, and William H. Bommer (1996), "Transformational Leader Behaviors and Substitutes for Leadership as Determinants of Employee Satisfaction, Commitment, Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors", Journal of Management, 22(2), 259-98.
96. -, -, Jeong-Yeon Lee, and Nathan P. Podsakoff (2003), "Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(October), 879-903.
97. Ramaswami, Sridhar N. (1996), "Marketing Controls and Dysfunctional Employee Behaviors: A Test of Traditional and Contingency Theory Postulates", Journal of Marketing, 60(April), 105-120.
98. Rossiter, John R. (2002), "The C-OAR-SE Procedure for Scale Development in Marketing", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19(4), 305-335.
99. Roth, Kendall and Allen J. Morrison (1992), "Implementing Global Strategy: Characteristics of Global Subsidiary Mandates", Journal of International Business Studies, 23(4), 715-35.
100. - and Douglas Nigh (1992), "The Effectiveness of Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationships: The Role of Coordination, Control, and Conflict", Journal of Business Research, 25(2), 277-301.
101. Russell, Dale W. and Cristel Antonia Russell (2006), "Explicit and Implicit Catalysts of Consumer Resistance: The Effects of Animosity, Cultural Salience and Country-of-Origin on Subsequent Choice", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3), 321-31.
102. Ryan, Richard M. and Edward L. Deci (2002), "An Overview of Self-Determination Theory: An Organismic-Dialectical Perspective", in Handbook of Self-Determination Research, Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, eds. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 3-36.
103. -, Heather Patrick, Edward L. Deci, and Geoffrey C. Williams (2008), "Facilitating Health Behavior Change and Its Maintenance: Interventions Based on Self-Determination Theory", European Health Psychologist, 10(1), 2-5.
104. Schotter, Andreas and Paul W. Beamish (2011), "Performance Effects of MNC Headquarters-Subsidiary Conflict and the Role of Boundary Spanners: The Case of Headquarter Initiative Rejection", Journal of International Management, 17(3), 243-59.
105. Schumacker, Randall E. and George A. Marcoulides (1998), Interaction and Nonlinear Effects in Structural Equation Modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
106. Shimp, Terence A. and Subhash Sharma (1987), "Consumer Ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE", Journal of Marketing Research, 24(August), 280-89.
107. Solberg, Carl A. (2000), "Standardization or Adaptation of the International Marketing Mix: The Role of the Local Subsidiary/Representative", Journal of International Marketing, 8(1), 78-98.
108. Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E. M. and Inge Geyskens (2012), "Transaction Cost Economics and the Roles of National Culture: A Test of Hypotheses Based on Inglehart and Hofstede", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), 252-70.
109. Stephen, Andrew T. and Leonard V. Coote (2007), "Interfirm Behavior and Goal Alignment in Relational Exchanges", Journal of Business Research, 60(4), 285-95.
110. Stouthuysen, Kristof, Hendrik Slabbinck, and Filip Roodhooft (2012), "Controls, Service Type and Perceived Supplier Performance in Interfirm Service Exchanges", Journal of Operations Management, 30(5), 423-35.
111. Sundaram, Anant K. and Stewart Black (1992), "The Environment and Internal Organization of Multinational Enterprises", Academy of Management Review, 17(4), 729-57.
112. Taggart, James H. (1997), "Autonomy and Procedural Justice: A Framework for Evaluating Subsidiary Strategy", Journal of International Business Studies, 28(1), 51-76.
113. Van Bruggen, Gerrit H., Gary L. Lilien, and Manish Kacker (2002), "Informants in Organizational Marketing Research", Journal of Marketing Research, 39(November), 469-78.
114. Venaik, Sunil, David F. Midgley, and Timothy M. Devinney (2005), "Dual Paths to Performance: The Impact of Global Pressures on MNC Subsidiary Conduct and Performance", Journal of International Business Studies, 36(6), 655-75.
115. Xu, Erica, Huang Xu, Catherine K. Lam, and Qing Miao (2012), "Abusive Supervision and Work Behaviors: The Mediating Role of LMX", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(4), 531-43.
116. Zellars, Kelly L., Bennett J. Tepper, and Michelle K. Duffy (2002), "Abusive Supervision and Subordinates' Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068-76.
117. Zhang, Chun, Zuohao Hu, and Flora F. Gu (2008), "Intra- and Interfirm Coordination of Export Manufacturers: A Cluster Analysis of Indigenous Chinese Exporters", Journal of International Marketing, 16(3), 108-135