Changing higher education: The development of learning and teaching

Changing Higher Education: The Development of Learning and Teaching

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-152

  Ashwin, Paul ^a  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909353540     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203479292     Document Type: Book

References (273)

1. Acker, S. (1999) 'Students and supervisors, the ambiguous relationship, perspectives on the supervisory process in Britain and Canada', in Holbrook, A. and Johnson, S. (eds) Supervision of Postgraduate Research in Education, Victoria, Australia, Australian Association for Research in Education.
2. Alexander, S. and McKenzie, J. (1998) An Evaluation of Information Technology Projects for University Learning: Executive Summary, http://www.dest.gov.au/archive/cutsd/publications/exsummary.html, last accessed 25 January 2005.
3. Allan, C. (2000) 'The Learning and Teaching Support Network (LTSN): the implications for educational developers', Educational Developments, 1 (2): 1-3.
4. Anderson, G. and Boud, D. (1996) 'Introducing learning contracts: a flexible way to learn', Innovations in Education and Training International, 33: 221-7.
5. Anderson, G., Boud, D. and Sampson, J. (1996) Learning Contracts: A Practical Guide, London, Kogan Page.
6. Anderson, G., Boud, D. and Sampson, J. (1998) 'Qualities of learning contracts', in Stephenson, J. and Yorke, M. (eds) Capability and Quality in Higher Education, London, Kogan Page.
7. Asensio, M., Hodgson, V. and Trehan, K. (2000) 'Is there a difference? Contrasting experiences of face to face and online learning', in Asensio, M., Foster, J., Hodgson, V. and McConnell, D. (eds) (2000) Networked Learning 2000, Innovative Approaches to Lifelong Learning and Higher Education Through the Internet, Sheffield, University of Sheffield.
8. Ashwell, N. (2003) 'Perceptions of inter-agency collaboration', unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.
9. Ashworth, P. (2004) 'Developing useable pedagogic research skills', in Rust C. (ed.) Improving Student Learning: Theory Research and Scholarship, Oxford, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development.
10. Asmar, C. (1999) 'Scholarship, experience or both?: A developer's approach to cross-cultural teaching', International Journal of Academic Development, 4 (1): 18-27.
11. Axelrod, R. (1990) The Evolution of Cooperation, London, Penguin Books.
12. Banks, S., Lally, V. and McConnell, D. (eds) (2002) Collaborative E-Learning in Higher Education: Issues and Strategies, Sheffield, School of Education, University of Sheffield.
13. Banks, S., Goodyear, P., Hodgson, V. and McConnell, D. (2003) 'Introduction to the special issue on advances in research on networked learning', Instructional Science, 31: 1-6.
14. Barajas, M. and Owen, M. (2000) 'Implementing virtual learning environments: looking for a holistic approach', Educational Technology and Society, 3 (3): 39-53.
15. Barnett, R. (1997) Higher Education: A Critical Business, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
16. Baume, D. and Baume, C. (1996) 'A national scheme to accredit university teachers', International Journal for Academic Development, 1 (2): 51-8.
17. Beard, R. (1968) Research into Teaching Methods: Mainly in British Universities, Second Edition, London, The Society for Research into Higher Education.
18. Beard, R. (1970) Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Harmondsworth, Penguin.
19. Beaty, L. (1995) 'Working across the hierarchy', in Brew, A. (ed.) Directions in Staff Development, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
20. Beaty, L., Hodgson, V., Mann, S. and McConnell, D. (Convenors) (2002) Manifesto: Towards E-Quality in Networked E-Learning in Higher Education, http://www.csalt.lancs.ac.uk/esrc/manifesto.htm, accessed May 2002.
21. Becher, T. and Trowler, P. (2001) Academic Tribes and Territories, Second Edition, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
22. Becher, T., Henkel, M. and Kogan, M. (1994) Graduate Education in Britain, London, Jessica Kingsley.
23. Becker, H., Geer, B. and Hughes, E. (1968) Making the Grade: The Academic Side of Academic Life, New York, John Wiley.
24. Bentley, T. and Wilsdon, J. (2003) The Adaptive State, London, Demos.
25. Biggs, J. (1978) 'Individual and group differences in study processes', British Journal of Educational Psychology, 48: 266-79.
26. Biggs, J. (1999) Teaching for Quality Learning at University: What the Student Does, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
27. Black, T., Hill, E. and Acker, S. (1994) 'Thesis supervision in the social sciences, managed or negotiated?', Higher Education, 28 (4): 483-98.
28. Bligh, J. (1971) What's the Use of Lectures?, London, University Teaching Methods Unit, University of London.
29. Boot, R. and Hodgson, V. (1987) 'Open learning, meaning and experience', in Hodgson, V., Mann, S. and Snell, R. (eds) Beyond Distance Teaching: Towards Open Learning, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
30. Boud, D. (ed.) (1985) Problem-Based Learning in Education for the Professions, Sydney, Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia.
31. Boud, D. (1986) 'Implementing student self assessment', Higher Education Research and Development, 5: 3-10.
32. Boud, D. (1987) 'A facilitator's view of adult learning', in Boud, D. and Griffin, V. (eds) Appreciating Adults Learning: From the Learner's Perspective, London, Kogan Page.
33. Boud, D. (1995) Enhancing Learning through Self Assessment, London, Kogan Page.
34. Boud, D. (1998) 'How can university work-based courses contribute to lifelong learning?', in Holford, J., Jarvis, P. and Griffin, C. (eds) International Perspectives on Lifelong Learning, London, Kogan Page.
35. Boud, D. and Feletti, G. (1997) 'Changing problem-based learning', in Boud, D. and Feletti, G. (eds) The Challenge of Problem-Based Learning, Second, Revised Edition, London, Kogan Page.
36. Boud, D., Bridge, W. A. and Willoughby, L. (1975) 'PSI now: a review of progress and problems', British Journal of Educational Technology, 6 (2):15-34.
37. Boud, D., Solomon, N. and Symes, C. (2001) 'New practices for new times', in Boud, D. and Solomon, N. (eds) Work-Based Learning: A New Higher Education? Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
38. Bourdieu, P. (1990) Homo Academicus, Cambridge, Polity.
39. Bowden, J. and Marton, F. (1998) The University of Learning: Beyond Quality and Competence in Higher Education, London, Kogan Page.
40. Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University (1998) Re-Inventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America's Research Universities, http://naples.cc.sunysb.edu/Press/boyer.nsf, accessed August 2004.
41. Boyer, E. (1990) Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate, New Jersey, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
42. Brabdon, D. and Hollingshead, A. (1999) 'Collaborative learning and computer-supported groups', Communication Education, 48 (2): 108-25.
43. Breivik, P. (1998) Student Learning in the Information Age, American Council on Education, Oryx Press.
44. Brew, A. (2001) The Nature of Research: Inquiry in Academic Contexts, London, RoutledgeFalmer.
45. Bringelson, L. and Carey, T. (2000) 'Different keystrokes for different folks: designing online venues for professional communities', Educational Technology and Society, 3 (3): 58-64.
46. Brookfield, S. (2001) 'Unmasking power, Foucault and adult learning', Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 15 (1): 1-23.
47. Brush, T. (1997) 'The effects of group composition on achievement and time on task for students completing ILS activities in cooperative pairs', Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 30 (1): 2-17.
48. Burgess, R. (1996) 'Trends and developments in postgraduate education and training in the UK', Journal of Education Policy, 11 (1): 125-32.
49. Burgess, R. (ed.) (1997) Beyond the First Degree: Graduate Education, Lifelong Learners and Careers, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
50. Cameron, I. (2004) Keynote presentation, Roberts Policy Forum, UK GRAD, Manchester, January.
51. Carnegie Academy for Scholarship in Teaching and Learning (CASTL) (2000) Information Programme Booklet, Menlo Park, California, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
52. Clandinin, D. and Connelly, F. (2000) Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Publishers.
53. Clark, J. (1981) Educational Development, London, Kogan Page.
54. Clegg, S. and Gall, I. (1998) 'The discourse of research degree supervision: a case study of supervisor training', Higher Education Research and Development 17 (3): 323-32.
55. Clegg, S., Tan, J. and Saeidi, S. (2002) 'Reflecting or acting? Reflective practice and continuing professional development in UK higher education', Reflective Practice, 3 (1): 131-46.
56. Collis, B. (1998) 'WWW-based environments for collaborative group work', Education and Information Technology, 3: 231-45.
57. Collis, B. and van der Wende, M. (eds) (2002) Models of Technology and Change in Higher Education, http://www.utwente.nl/cheps/documenten/ictrapport.pdf, accessed January 2003.
58. Commission of the European Communities (2000) Designing Tomorrow's Education, Brussels, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.
59. Commission of the European Communities (2003) Researchers in the European Research Area: One Profession, Multiple Careers, Brussels, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament.
60. Committee on Higher Education (1963) Higher Education (Robbins Report), London, HMSO.
61. Committee of Inquiry into the Education of Children from Ethnic Minority Groups (1981) West Indian Children in our Schools: Interim Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Education of Children from Ethnic Minority Groups (Rampton Report), London, HMSO.
62. Coopers and Lybrand, Institute of Education, and Tavistock Institute (1996) 'Evaluation of the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP): executive summary', Active Learning, 5: 60-3.
63. Cowan, J. (1998) On Becoming an Innovative University Teacher: Reflection in Action, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
64. Creagh, I. and Graves, H. (2003) 'Recent trends in higher education public policy in Australia and the UK', Perspectives, 7 (2): 48-53.
65. Cryer, P. and Mertens, P. (2002) 'The PhD examination, support and training for supervisors and examiners', paper presented at The Society for Research into Higher Education Postgraduate Issues Network, March.
66. Darling-Hammond, L., and Snyder, J. (2000) 'Authentic assessment of teaching in context', Teaching and Teacher Education, 16: 523-45.
67. Dart, B. and Clarke, J. (1991) 'Helping students become better learners, a case study in teacher education', Higher Education, 22: 317-35.
68. Deem, R. and Brehony, K. (2000) 'Doctoral students' access to research cultures, are some more unequal than others?', Studies in Higher Education, 25: 150-65.
69. Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. and Parry, O. (2000) The Doctoral Experience: Success and Failure in Graduate School, London, Falmer.
70. Denicolo, P. (1998) 'Transforming teaching and learning in higher education', Research and Development in Higher Education, 21: 1-14.
71. Denicolo, P. (2003) 'Assessing the PhD, a constructive view of criteria', Quality Assurance in Education, 11 (2): 84-91.
72. Denicolo, P. (in press) 'Doctoral supervision of colleagues: peeling off the veneer of satisfaction and competence', Studies in Higher Education.
73. Denicolo, P. and Pope, M. (1999) 'Supervision and the overseas student', in Ryan, Y. and Zuber-Skerritt, O. (eds) Supervising Postgraduates from Non-English Speaking Backgrounds, Buckingham, Open University Press.
74. Denicolo, P., Boulter, C. and Fuller, M. (1999) 'Triangulated reflections on the examining of higher degrees: opening Pandora's box', paper presented at The International Study Association for Teachers and Teaching (ISATT) Conference, Dublin, 27-31 July.
75. Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2003a) The Future of Higher Education, London, HMSO.
76. Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2003b) Towards a Unified E-Learning Strategy: Consultation Document (DfES reference number DfES/0424/2003), London, DfES.
77. Department of Education and Science (DES) (1975) Statistics of Education: Volume 3 Further Education, London, HMSO.
78. Dillenbourg, P. (1999) 'Introduction: what do you mean by "collaborative learning"?', in Dillenbourg, P. (ed.) Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches, Oxford, Pergamon/Elsevier Science Ltd.
79. Dillenbourg, P., Baker, M., Blaye, A. and O'Malley, C. (1996) 'The evolution of research on collaborative learning', in Spada, E. and Reiman, P. (eds) Learning in Humans and Machine: Towards an Interdisciplinary Learning Science, Oxford, Elsevier.
80. Donaldson, F. (1994) British Council: The First 50 years, London, Jonathan Cape.
81. Dugdale, K. (1997) 'Mass higher education, mass graduate employment in the 1990s', in Burgess R. (ed.) Beyond the First Degree, Graduate Education, Lifelong Learners and Careers, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
82. Duisburg, M. and Hoope, U. (1999) 'Computer supported interaction analysis of group problem solving', in Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, CSCL, 9: 398-405. Palo Alto, CA, December.
83. Duke, C (1997) 'Lifelong, post experience, postgraduate, symphony or dichotomy', in Burgess R. (ed.) Beyond the First Degree, Graduate Education, Lifelong Learners and Careers, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
84. Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (2000) Postgraduate Training Guidelines, Swindon, Economic and Social Research Council.
85. Eggins, H. and MacDonald, R. (eds) The Scholarship of Academic Development, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
86. Elton, L. (1973) 'Instructional methods in university science education', in Billing, D. and Furniss, B. (eds) Aims, Methods and Assessment in Advanced Science Education, London, Heydon.
87. Elton, L. (1977) 'Innovation and the role of educational media', in Beug, J. (ed.) Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Dublin, Higher Education Authority.
88. Elton, L. (1992) 'Research, teaching and scholarship in an expanding higher education system', Higher Education Quarterly, 46: 252-67.
89. Elton, L. (1995) 'An institutional framework', in Brew, A. (ed.) Directions in Staff Development, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
90. Elton, L. (1999) 'New ways of learning in higher education: managing the change', Tertiary Education and Management, 5: 207-25.
91. Elton, L. (2000) 'The UK Research Assessment Exercise: unintended consequences', Higher Education Quarterly, 54: 274-83.
92. Elton, L. (2001) 'Research and teaching: conditions for a positive link', Teaching in Higher Education, 6 (1): 43-56.
93. Elton, L. (2003) Seven Pillars of Assessment Wisdom, http://www.ltsn.ac.uk, accessed August 2004.
94. Elton, L. and Laurillard, D. (1979) 'Trends in research on student learning', Studies in Higher Education, 4: 87-102.
95. Elton L. and Pope, M. (1989) 'Research supervision, the value of collegiality', Cambridge Journal of Education, 19 (3): 267-75.
96. Elton, L. and Cryer, P. (1994) 'Quality and change in higher education', Innovative Higher Education, 18: 205-20.
97. Elton, L. and Johnston, B. (2002) Assessment in Universities: A Critical Review of Research, http://www.ltsn.ac.uk/application.asp?section=generic&app=resources.asp&process=full_record&id=13, accessed August 2004.
98. Elton, L., Boud, D., Nuttall, J. and Stace, B. (1973) 'Teach yourself paradigm: the Keller Plan', Chemistry in Britain, 9 (4): 164-8.
99. Entwistle, N. and Entwistle, A. (1997) 'Revision and the experience of understanding', in Marton, F., Hounsell, D. and Entwistle, N. (eds) The Experience of Learning, Second Edition, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh.
100. Entwistle, N. and Wilson, J. (1977) Degrees of Excellence: The Academic Achievement Game, London, Hodder and Stoughton.
101. Entwistle, N., McCune, V. and Walker, P. (2000) 'Conceptions, styles and approaches within higher education, analytic abstractions and everyday experience', in Sternberg, R. and Zhang, L-F. (eds) Perspectives on Thinking, Learning, and Cognitive Styles, Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum.
102. Eraut, M. (2000) 'Non-formal learning and tacit knowledge in professional work', Journal of Educational Psychology, 70: 113-36.
103. Evans, L. and Abbot, I. (1998) Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, London, Cassell.
104. Evans, N. (2001) The Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Institutions, Academics and the Assessment of Prior Experiential Learning, London, RoutledgeFalmer.
105. Falchikov, N. (1995) 'Peer feedback marking, developing peer assessment', Innovations in Education and Training International, 32 (2): 175-87.
106. Fallows, S. and Bhanot, R. (eds) (2002) Educational Development through Information and Communications Technology, London, Kogan Page.
107. Fazackerley, A. (2004) 'Survey: university life is a far cry from stereotype', Times Higher Education Supplement, 23 April.
108. Forsyth, A. and Furlong, A. (2002) Losing Out?: Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Experience in Further Education, London, Policy Press.
109. Foucault, M. (1979) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Hardmondsworth, Penguin.
110. Gellert, C. (1993) 'Academic drift and blurring of boundaries in systems of higher education', Higher Education in Europe, 18 (2): 78-84.
111. Gibbs, G., Morgan, A. and Taylor, E. (1984) 'The world of the learner', in Marton, F., Hounsell, D. and Entwistle, N. (eds) The Experience of Learning, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh.
112. Gibbs, G., Habeshaw, T. and Yorke, M. (2000) 'Institutional learning and teaching strategies in English higher education', Higher Education, 40: 351-72.
113. Gilchrist, R., Phillips, D. and Ross, A. (2003) 'Participation and potential participation in UK higher education', in Archer, L., Hutchings, M. and Ross, A. (eds) Higher Education and Social Class: Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion, London, RoutledgeFalmer.
114. Giroux, H. (1999) 'Cultural studies as public pedagogy: making the pedagogical more political' in Peters, M., Ghiraldelli, P., Standish, P. and Zarnic, B. (eds) Encyclopaedia of Philosophy of Education, http://www.vusst.hr/ENCYCLOPAEDIA/cultural_studies.htm, last accessed January 2005.
115. Gordon, G. (1998) 'Staff and student roles: responding to change', SRHE/THES/CVCP Seminar, University of Strathclyde.
116. Gordon, G., D'Andrea, V., Gosling, D. and Stefani, L. (2001) Building Capacity for Change: Research on the Scholarship of Teaching: Review Report for the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), Bristol, HEFCE.
117. Gore, J. M. (1995) 'Foucault's poststructuralism and observational education research: a study of power relations', in Smith, R. and Wexler, P. (eds) After Postmodernism: Education, Politics and Identity, London, Falmer Press.
118. Gosling, D. (2001) 'Educational development units in the UK: what are they doing five years on?' International Journal of Academic Development, 6 (1): 74-90.
119. Gosling, D. and D'Andrea, V. (2002) 'How educational development/learning and teaching centres help higher education institutions manage change', Educational Developments, 3 (2): 1-3.
120. Green, H. and Shaw, M. (1999) 'Continuous professional development: emerging trends in the UK', Quality Assurance in Education, 7: 169-76.
121. Habeshaw, T., Habeshaw, S. and Gibbs, G. (1989) 53 Interesting Ways to Help Your Students Study, Bristol T.E.S.
122. Halsey, A. (1997) The Decline of Donnish Dominion: The British Academic Professions in the Twentieth Century, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
123. Halsey, J. and Leslie, W. (2003) Britain's White Paper Turns Higher Education Away from the EU, London, Centre for Higher Education Research and Information, Open University.
124. Hannan, A. and Silver, H. (2002) Innovating in Higher Education: Teaching, Learning and University Culture, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
125. Hanson, N. (2003) MEd Dissertation, School of Education, University of Sheffield.
126. Harasim, L. (1990) 'Online education: an environment for collaboration and intellectual amplification', in Harasim, L. (ed.) Online Education: Perspectives on a New Environment, New York, Praeger.
127. Harris, M. (1996) Review of Postgraduate Education, London, Higher Education Funding Council for England.
128. Hartley, J. and Fox, C. (2002) 'The viva experience, examining the examiners', Higher Education Review, 35 (1): 24-30.
129. Hayes, C. and Larson, I. (1982) Competence and Competition, Sheffield, Manpower Services Commission.
130. Heron, J. (1981) 'Self and peer assessment', in Boydell, T. and Pedlar, M. (eds) Management Self Development: Concepts and Practices, Farnborough, Gower.
131. Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) (2004) HEFCE Strategic Plan 2003-2008 (Updated April 2004), Bristol, HEFCE.
132. Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) (2005) Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund (TQEF), http://www.hefce.ac.uk/learning/enhance/tqef.asp, accessed January 2005.
133. Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) (2001) Students in Higher Education Institutions 1999/2000, Cheltenham, HESA.
134. Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) (2004) Students in Higher Education Institutions 2002/3, Cheltenham, HESA.
135. Hockey, J. (1994) 'Establishing boundaries, problems and solutions in managing PhD supervision', Studies in Higher Education, 16 (3): 319-71.
136. Hodgson, V. (2002) 'The European Union and e-learning, an examination of rhetoric, theory and practice', Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18: 240-52.
137. Hodgson, V. and Reynolds, M. (1987) 'The dynamics of the learning experience', in Boud, D. and Griffen, V. (eds) Understanding Adult Learning from the Learner's Perspective, London, Kogan Page.
138. Hodgson, V. and Watland, P. (2004) 'Networked learning environment designed to support a knowledge community: the learner experience', presented at the Networked Learning 2004 conference, Lancaster, April.
139. Hodgson, V. and Zenios, M. (2003) 'Designing networked environments to support dialogical learning', in Wasson, B., Ludvigsen, S. and Hoppe, U. (eds) Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
140. Hodgson, V., Mann, S. and Snell, R. (eds) (1987) Beyond Distance Teaching: Towards Open Learning, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
141. Hogarth T., Macguire M., Pitcher J., Purcell K. and Wilson R. (1997) The Participation of Non-Traditional Students in Higher Education, Warwick, The University of Warwick Institute for Employment Research.
142. Holbrook, A. and Johnston, S. (eds) (1999) Supervision of Postgraduate Research in Education, Victoria, Australia, Australian Association for Research in Education.
143. Humphrey, R. and McCarthy, P. (1999) 'Recognising difference, providing for postgraduate students', Studies in Higher Education, 24: 371-85.
144. Huysman, M. and Gerrits, H. (1998) 'The dynamics of internet-supported team learning, a case study', in Banks, S., Graebner, C. and McConnell, D. (eds) Networked Lifelong Learning: Innovative Approaches to Education and Training through the Internet, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, Sheffield, DACE, University of Sheffield.
145. Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (2004) Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education http://www.ILTHE.ac.uk/, accessed August 2004.
146. Jenkins, A. (1996) 'Discipline-based educational development', International Journal of Academic Development, 1 (1): 50-62.
147. Jenkins, A., Breen R. and Lindsay R. (2003) Reshaping Teaching in Higher Education: Linking Teaching with Research, London, Kogan Page.
148. Jobbins, D. (2003) 'Swell Performance', Times Higher Trends Supplement, 19 September, i-iv.
149. Jonassen, D. and Kwan, H. (2001) 'Communication patterns in computer mediated versus face-to-face group problem solving', Educational Technology, Research and Development, 49 (1): 35-51.
150. Jones, C. (1998) 'Context, content and cooperation: an ethnographic study of collaborative learning online', unpublished PhD thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester.
151. Jones, C. (2000) 'Understanding students' experiences of collaborative networked learning', in Asensio, M., Foster, J., Hodgson, V. and McConnell, D. (2000) Networked Learning 2000: Innovative Approaches to Lifelong Learning and Higher Education Through the Internet, Sheffield, University of Sheffield.
152. Jones, C., Turner, J. and Street B. (1999) Students' Writing in the University, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamin's Publishing Company.
153. Kaye, A. (1992) 'Learning together apart', in Kaye, A. (ed.) Collaborative Learning Through Computer Conferencing (The Najaden Papers), London, Springer.
154. Keisler, S. (1992) 'Talking, teaching and learning in network groups', in Kaye, A. (ed.) Collaborative Learning through Computer Conferencing (The Najaden Papers), London, Springer.
155. Keller, F. (1968) 'Goodbye teacher...', Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 1: 79-98.
156. Klein, J. and Doran, M. (1999) 'Implementing individual and small group learning structures with a computer simulation', Educational Technology, Research and Development, 47 (1): 97-109.
157. Knowles, M. (1975) Self-directed Learning: A Guide for Learners and Teachers, New York, Association Press.
158. Knowles, M. (1978) The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species, Second Edition, Houston, Gulf Publishing Company.
159. Knowles, M. and Associates (1986) Using Learning Contracts, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
160. Kreber, C. and Cranton, P. (2000) 'Exploring the scholarship of teaching', Journal of Higher Education, 71 (4): 466-95.
161. Kreijns K., Kirschner P. and Jochems, W. (2002) 'The sociability of computer-supported collaborative learning environments', Educational Technology & Society, 5 (1): 8-22.
162. Laurillard, D. (1997) 'Styles and approaches in problem-solving', in Marton, F., Hounsell, D. and Entwistle, N. (eds) The Experience of Learning, Second Edition, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh.
163. Laurillard, D. (2002) Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Technologies, Second Edition, London, RoutledgeFalmer.
164. Lave, J. (1988) Cognition in Practice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
165. Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situated Learning, Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
166. Lea, M. and Street, B. (1998) 'Student writing in higher education: an academic literacies approach', Studies in Higher Education, 23: 157-72.
167. Learning and Teaching Support Network (LTSN) (2003) Learning and Teaching Support Network http://www.ltsn.ac.uk/, accessed August 2004.
168. Learning Skills Council for England (LSC) (2002) The Report of the Learning and Skills Council's Distributed and Electronic Learning Group, Coventry, LSC.
169. Lehtinen, E., Hakkarinen, K., Lipponen, L., Rahikainen, M. and Muukkonen, H. (1999) 'Computer-supported collaborative learning: A review of research and development', in Giebers, J. (ed.) Reports on Education, 10, Mijmegen, Department of Educational Science, University of Mijmegen, the Netherlands.
170. Levy, P., Fowell, S., Bowskill, N. and Worsfold, E. (1996) 'NetLinkS, a national professional development project for networked learner support,' Education for Information, 14 (4): 261-78.
171. Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I. and Kelly, K. (2003) New Media: A Critical Introduction, London, Routledge.
172. Littlejohn, A. and Stefani, L. (1999) 'Effective use of technology, bridging the skills gap: a case study', Alt-J, 7 (2): 66-76.
173. Lueddeke, G. (2003) 'Professionalising teaching practice in higher education: a study of disciplinary variation and "teaching scholarship"', Studies in Higher Education, 28 (2): 213-28.
174. McConnell, D. (2000) Implementing Computer Supported Cooperative Learning, Second Edition, London, Kogan Page.
175. McConnell, D. (2002a) 'Action research and distributed problem based learning in continuing professional education', Distance Education, 23 (1): 59-83.
176. McConnell, D. (2002b) 'The experience of networked collaborative assessment', Studies in Continuing Education, 24 (1): 73-92.
177. McConnell, D (2005) 'Examining the dynamics of networked learning groups', Studies in Higher Education, 30 (1): 25-42.
178. MacDonald, R. and Wisdom, J. (eds) (2002) Academic and Educational Development: Research, Evaluation and Changing Practice in Higher Education, London, Kogan Page.
179. MacKenzie, N., Eraut, M., and Jones, H. (1970) Teaching and Learning: An Introduction to New Methods and Resources in Higher Education, Paris, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation and the International Association of Universities.
180. McMillan, S. (2002) 'Exploring models of interactivity from multiple research traditions: users, documents, and systems', in Livingstone, S. (ed.) Handbook of New Media: Shaping and Consequences of ICTs, London, Sage Publications.
181. Mann, S. (2001) 'Alternative perspectives on the student experience: alienation and engagement', Studies in Higher Education, 26 (1): 7-19.
182. Marton, F. and Booth, S. (1997) Learning and Awareness, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
183. Marton, F. and Säljö, R. (1976) 'On qualitative differences in learning I: outcome and process', British Journal of Educational Technology, 46: 4-11.
184. Metcalfe, J., Thomson, Q. and Green, H. (2002) Improving Standards in Postgraduate Research Degree Programmes, London, Joint Funding Councils Working Group.
185. Mezirow, J. (1990) Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Inc.
186. Middleton, S. (1997) The Scholarship of Teaching, http://www.uoguelph.ca/atguelph/98-02-27/sandy.html, accessed August 2004.
187. Miller, C. and Parlett, M. (1974) Up to the Mark: A Study of the Examination Game, London, The Society for Research into Higher Education.
188. Murray, H., Gillese, E., Lennon, M., Mercer, P. and Robinson, M. (1996) Ethical Principles in University Teaching, Vancouver, Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education.
189. Murray, R. (2003) How to Survive your Viva, Maidenhead, Open University Press.
190. National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (NCIHE) (1997a) Higher Education in the Learning Society. Report of the National Inquiry into Higher Education (The Dearing Report), London, HMSO.
191. National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (NCIHE) (1997b) Report 6: Trends in Participation by Lower Socio-economic Group, London, HMSO.
192. Naughton, J. (1999) A Brief History of the Future, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
193. Nelson, B. (2002) Striving for Quality, Teaching, Learning and Scholarship, Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia.
194. Noble, K. (1994) Changing Doctoral Degrees: An International Perspective, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
195. Nonaka, I. (1994) 'A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation', Organization Science, 5 (1): 14-37.
196. Nuy, H. (1991) 'Interactions of study orientation and students' appreciations of structure in their educational environment', Higher Education, 22: 267-74.
197. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2003) Education at a Glance: OECD indicators 2003, Paris, OECD.
198. Parry, S. (1998) 'Disciplinary discourses in doctoral theses', Higher Education, 36: 273-99.
199. Perkins, D. and Blythe, T. (1994) 'Putting understanding up front', Educational Leadership, 51 (5): 4-7.
200. Perry, W. (1970) Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years, New York, Holt Rhienhart Winston.
201. Phipps, R. and Merisotis, J. (1999) What's the Difference?: A Review of Contemporary Research on the Effectiveness of Distance Learning in Higher Education, http//www.ihep.com/Pubs/PDF/Difference.pdf, accessed July 2003.
202. Prosser, M. and Trigwell, K. (1999) Understanding Learning and Teaching: The Experience of Higher Education, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
203. The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) (2001) Subject Overview Report: Business and Management 2000 to 2001, Gloucester, QAA.
204. Ramsden, P. (1987) 'Improving teaching and learning in higher education, the case for a relational perspective', Studies in Higher Education 12: 275-86.
205. Ramsden, P. (2003) Learning to Teach in Higher Education, Second Edition, RoutledgeFalmer, London.
206. Ramsden, P. and Entwistle, N. (1981) 'Effects of academic departments on student approaches to study', British Journal of Educational Psychology, 51: 367-83.
207. Reynolds, M. and Trehan, K. (2000) 'Assessment, a critical perspective', Studies in Higher Education, 25 (3): 267-78.
208. Riddell, S., Tinklin, T. and Wilson, A. (2002) 'Disabled students in higher education: the impact of anti-discrimination legislation on teaching, learning and assessment', paper presented at the ESRC seminar: Reconfiguring Sociology of Education, University of Bristol, 22 November (available from http://www.escalate.ac.uk/resources/disabledstudentsinhe/22Nova.rtf).
209. Roberts, G. (2003) Set for Success: Review of Research Assessment, London, Higher Education Funding Council, England.
210. Robins, K. and Webster, F. (2003) The Virtual University: Knowledge, Markets and Management, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
211. Rogers, C. (1969) Freedom to Learn, Columbus, Ohio, Charles E. Merrill.
212. Roschelle, J. and Teasley, S. (1995) 'The construction of shared knowledge in collaborative problem solving', in O'Malley, C. (ed.) Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, Berlin, Springer Verlag.
213. Ross, J. and Cousins, J. (1994). 'Brief research report: intentions to seek and give help, and behaviour in cooperative learning group', Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19: 476-82.
214. Rowland, S. (2000) The Enquiring University Teacher, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
215. Ryan, S., Scott, B., Freeman, H. and Patel, D. (2000) The Virtual University: the Internet and Resource-Based Learning, Open and Distance Learning Series, London, Kogan Page.
216. Salomon, D. and Perkins, D. (1998) 'Individual and social aspects of learning', Review of Research in Education, 23: 1-24.
217. Schön, D. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action, New York, Basic Books.
218. Schön, D. (1987) Educating the Reflective Practitioner, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
219. Schrage, M. (1990) Shared Minds, New York, Random House.
220. Schramm, W. (1962) Programmed Instruction: Today and Tomorrow, New York, The Fund for the Advancement of Education.
221. Schwartz, S. (2004) 'Time to bid goodbye to the psychology lecture', The Psychologist, 17 (1), January.
222. Scott, P. (1995) The Meanings of Mass Higher Education, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
223. Scott, P. (ed.) (1998) The Globalization of Higher Education, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
224. Senge, P. (1993) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of The Learning Organization, London, Century Business.
225. Seufert, S. (2000) 'The net academy as a medium for learning communities', Educational Technology and Society, 3 (3): 122-36.
226. Shulman, L. (2000) 'From Minsk to Pinsk: why a scholarship of teaching and learning?' Journal of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (JoSoTL), 1: 48-52.
227. Silver, H. and and Silver, P. (1997) Students: Changing Roles, Changing Lives, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
228. Skinner, B. (1954) 'The science of learning and the art of teaching', Harvard Educational Review, 24 (1): 86-97.
229. Sklar, E. and Pollack, J. (2000) 'A framework for enabling an internet learning community', Educational Technology and Society, 3 (3): 393-408.
230. Snyder, B. (1971) The Hidden Curriculum, New York, Knopf.
231. Spector, J. (2000) 'Towards a philosophy of instruction', Educational Technology and Society, 3 (3): 522-5.
232. Staff and Educational Development Association (2002) Staff and Educational Development Association, http://www.seda.ac.uk/, accessed August 2004.
233. Stefani, L. (2003) 'What is staff and educational development?', in Khan, P. and Baume, D. (eds) A Guide to Staff and Educational Development, London, Kogan Page.
234. Stefani, L. and Elton, L. (2002) 'Continuing professional development of academic teachers through self initiated learning', Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 27 (2): 117-30.
235. Stefani, L. and Matthew, R. (2002) 'The difficulties of defining development: a case study', International Journal of Academic Development, 7 (1): 41-50.
236. Stefani, L. and Nicol, D. (1997) 'From teacher to facilitator of collaborative enquiry', in Armstrong, S., Brown, S. and Thompson G. (eds) Facing up to Radical Changes in Universities and Colleges, London: Kogan Page.
237. Stenmark, D. (2002) 'Group cohesiveness and extrinsic motivation in virtual groups, lessons from an action case study of electronic brainstorming', in Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Washington, IEEE Computer Society.
238. Sturt, R. (1981) 'Disability', in Warren Piper, D. (ed.) Is Higher Education Fair?, Guildford, The Society for Research into Higher Education.
239. Tansley, C. and Bryson, C. (2000) 'Virtual seminars, a viable substitute for traditional approaches?' Innovations in Education and Training International, 37 (4): 335-45.
240. Themessl-Hubber, M. and Grutsch, M. (2003) 'The shifting locus of control in participatory evaluations', Evaluation, 9 (1): 92-111.
241. Thompson, L. (1997) Professional Development for Online Learning, http://www.nw97.edu.au/public/papers/thompson.html, accessed April 2004.
242. Tight, M. (2003) Researching Higher Education, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
243. Tinkler, P. and Jackson, C. (2000) 'Examining the doctorate, institutional policy and the PhD examination process in Britain', Studies in Higher Education, 25 (2): 167-80.
244. Trigwell, K. (1995) 'Increasing faculty understanding of teaching', in Wright, W. (ed.) Teaching Improvement Practices: Successful Strategies for Higher Education, Bolton, MA, Anker.
245. Trigwell, K., Martin, E., Benjamin, J. and Prosser, M. (2000) 'Scholarship of teaching: a model', Higher Education Research and Development, 19 (2): 3-5.
246. Trow, M. (1973) Problems in the Transition from Elite to Mass Higher Education, Berkely, CA, Carnegie Commission on Higher Education.
247. Trowler, P. (1998) Academics Responding to Change: New Higher Education Frameworks and Academic Cultures, Buckingham, The Society for Research in Higher Education and Open University Press.
248. Trowler, P (2003) Education Policy, Second Edition, London, Routledge.
249. UK Council for Graduate Education (UKCGE) (1995) Graduate Schools, Lichfield, Staffs, UKCGE.
250. UK Grad Programme (2004) Proceedings from the UK GRAD Policy Forum: The implementation of the Roberts' recommendations on training requirements, Manchester, 7-8 January 2004, http://www.grad.ac.uk/downloads/forum/robertsforum_report.pdf, accessed April 2005
251. Universities Grant Committee (UGC) (1964) Report of the Committee on University Teaching Methods (The Hale Report), London, HMSO.
252. Universities Grant Committee (UGC) (1975) Statistics of Education: Volume 6 Universities, London, HMSO.
253. Usher, R. (2002) 'A diversity of doctorates, fitness for the knowledge economy?', Higher Education Research and Development, 21 (2): 143-53.
254. Van Dijk, J. (1999) The Network Society: Social Aspects of New Media, London, Sage.
255. Van Manen, M. (1991) 'Reflectivity and the pedagogical moment: the normativity of pedagogical thinking and acting', Journal of Curriculum Studies, 23: 507-36.
256. Veen, W., Lam, I. and Taconis, R. (1998) 'A virtual workshop as a tool for collaboration: towards a model of telematics learning environments', Computers and Education 30 (1-2): 31-9.
257. Vermunt, J. (1998) 'The regulation of constructive learning processes', British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68: 149-71.
258. Watson, D. and Bowden, R. (2002) The New University Decade 1992-2002, Brighton, Educational Research Centre, University of Brighton.
259. Webb, G. (1996) Understanding Staff Development, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
260. Wegerif, R. (1998) 'The social dimension of asynchronous learning networks', Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 2: 34-49.
261. Weil, S. (1997) 'Postgraduate education and lifelong learning as collaborative inquiry in action, an emergent model', in Burgess, R. (ed.) Beyond the First Degree: Graduate Education, Lifelong Learning and Careers, Buckingham, The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
262. Weimer, M. (1997) 'Assumptions that devalue university teaching' International Journal for Academic Development, 2 (1): 52-60.
263. Wenger, E. (1999) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
264. Wertsch, J. (1991) 'A sociocultural approach to socially shared cognition', in Resnick, L., Levine, J. and Teasley, S. (eds) Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition, Arlington VA, American Psychological Association.
265. Wiersema, N. (2000) How Does Collaborative Learning Actually Work in a Classroom and how do Students React to it?: A Brief Recollection, http://www.lgu.ac.uk/deliberations/collab.learning/wiersema.html, accessed January 2004.
266. Williams, S. (1977) Robbins Plus Twenty: Which Way for Higher Education?, London, Birkbeck College.
267. Winfield, G. (1987) The Social Science PhD: The ESRC Inquiry on Submission Rates, London, Economic and Social Research Council.
268. Winter, R., Griffiths, M. and Green, K. (1997) 'The "academic" qualities of practice, what are the criteria for a practice based PhD?', Studies in Higher Education, 25: 25-37.
269. Woodley, A. (1981) 'Age Bias', in Warren Piper, D. (ed.) Is Higher Education Fair?, Guildford, The Society for Research into Higher Education.
270. Woolf, A. (2002) Does Education Matter?: Myths about Education and Economic Growth, London, Penguin Books.
271. Zenios, M. and Steeples, C. (2003) 'Developing and delivering pedagogically informed technology for meaningful learning experiences within institutions, action points for creating e-learning centres', in Banks, S., Goodyear, P., Hodgson, V., Jones, C., Lally, V., McConnell, D. and Steeples, C. (2004) Networked Learning 2004: A Research Based Conference on E-Learning in Higher Education and Lifelong Learning, Lancaster University and Sheffield University.
272. Zuber-Skerritt, O. (1992) Professional Development in Higher Education, London, Kogan Page.
273. Zuber-Skerritt, O. and Ryan, Y. (1994) Quality in Postgraduate Education, London, Kogan Page.