메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue , 2014, Pages 50-60

Lung cancer stem cells: Molecular features and therapeutic targets

Author keywords

Cancer stem cells; Heterogeneity; Molecular targets; NSCLC

Indexed keywords

CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE; H RAS PROTEIN; K RAS PROTEIN; NOTCH RECEPTOR; PROTEIN P53; RAS PROTEIN; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; SURFACTANT PROTEIN C; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WNT PROTEIN;

EID: 84906966080     PISSN: 00982997     EISSN: 18729452     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (143)
  • 3
    • 78349289554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding cancer stem cells: Are aldehyde dehydrogenases fit for purpose?
    • M.R. Alison, N.J. Guppy, S.M. Lim, and L.J. Nicholson Finding cancer stem cells: are aldehyde dehydrogenases fit for purpose? J. Pathol. 222 2010 335 344
    • (2010) J. Pathol. , vol.222 , pp. 335-344
    • Alison, M.R.1    Guppy, N.J.2    Lim, S.M.3    Nicholson, L.J.4
  • 4
    • 0033617522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notch signaling: Cell fate control and signal integration in development
    • S. Artavanis-Tsakonas, M.D. Rand, and R.J. Lake Notch signaling: cell fate control and signal integration in development Science 284 1999 770 776
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 770-776
    • Artavanis-Tsakonas, S.1    Rand, M.D.2    Lake, R.J.3
  • 6
    • 0034533898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferation and number of clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10)-reactive epithelial cells and basal cells in normal, hyperplastic and metaplastic bronchial mucosa
    • P.J. Barth, S. Koch, B. Muller, F. Unterstab, P. von Wichert, and R. Moll Proliferation and number of clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10)-reactive epithelial cells and basal cells in normal, hyperplastic and metaplastic bronchial mucosa Virchows Arch. 437 2000 648 655
    • (2000) Virchows Arch. , vol.437 , pp. 648-655
    • Barth, P.J.1    Koch, S.2    Muller, B.3    Unterstab, F.4    Von Wichert, P.5    Moll, R.6
  • 8
    • 0031034866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis
    • S. Bellusci, Y. Furuta, M.G. Rush, R. Henderson, G. Winnier, and B.L. Hogan Involvement of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis Development 124 1997 53 63
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 53-63
    • Bellusci, S.1    Furuta, Y.2    Rush, M.G.3    Henderson, R.4    Winnier, G.5    Hogan, B.L.6
  • 10
    • 49749144107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The utility and limitations of glycosylated human CD133 epitopes in defining cancer stem cells
    • S. Bidlingmaier, X. Zhu, and B. Liu The utility and limitations of glycosylated human CD133 epitopes in defining cancer stem cells J. Mol. Med. (Berl) 86 2008 1025 1032
    • (2008) J. Mol. Med. (Berl) , vol.86 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Bidlingmaier, S.1    Zhu, X.2    Liu, B.3
  • 11
    • 0030789242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell
    • D. Bonnet, and J.E. Dick Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell Nat. Med. 3 1997 730 737
    • (1997) Nat. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 730-737
    • Bonnet, D.1    Dick, J.E.2
  • 13
    • 0031441041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant type II transforming growth factor beta receptor show enhanced tumorigenesis in the mammary gland and lung in response to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]-anthracene
    • E.P. Bottinger, J.L. Jakubczak, D.C. Haines, K. Bagnall, and L.M. Wakefield Transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant type II transforming growth factor beta receptor show enhanced tumorigenesis in the mammary gland and lung in response to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]-anthracene Cancer Res. 57 1997 5564 5570
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 5564-5570
    • Bottinger, E.P.1    Jakubczak, J.L.2    Haines, D.C.3    Bagnall, K.4    Wakefield, L.M.5
  • 15
    • 0018876637 scopus 로고
    • Positive correlation between histological tumor involvement and generation of tumor cell colonies in agarose in specimens taken directly from patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung
    • D.N. Carney, A.F. Gazdar, and J.D. Minna Positive correlation between histological tumor involvement and generation of tumor cell colonies in agarose in specimens taken directly from patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung Cancer Res. 40 1980 1820 1823
    • (1980) Cancer Res. , vol.40 , pp. 1820-1823
    • Carney, D.N.1    Gazdar, A.F.2    Minna, J.D.3
  • 16
    • 0019945899 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of the stem cell nature of clonogenic tumor cells from lung cancer patients
    • D.N. Carney, A.F. Gazdar, P.A. Bunn Jr., and J.G. Guccion Demonstration of the stem cell nature of clonogenic tumor cells from lung cancer patients Stem Cells 1 1982 149 164
    • (1982) Stem Cells , vol.1 , pp. 149-164
    • Carney, D.N.1    Gazdar, A.F.2    Bunn, P.A.3    Guccion, J.G.4
  • 20
    • 84865203983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A restricted cell population propagates glioblastoma growth after chemotherapy
    • J. Chen, Y. Li, T.S. Yu, R.M. McKay, D.K. Burns, S.G. Kernie, and L.F. Parada A restricted cell population propagates glioblastoma growth after chemotherapy Nature 488 2012 522 526
    • (2012) Nature , vol.488 , pp. 522-526
    • Chen, J.1    Li, Y.2    Yu, T.S.3    McKay, R.M.4    Burns, D.K.5    Kernie, S.G.6    Parada, L.F.7
  • 21
    • 78650389774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexpression of Oct4 and Nanog enhances malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma by inducing cancer stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation
    • S.H. Chiou, M.L. Wang, Y.T. Chou, C.J. Chen, C.F. Hong, W.J. Hsieh, H.T. Chang, Y.S. Chen, T.W. Lin, H.S. Hsu, and C.W. Wu Coexpression of Oct4 and Nanog enhances malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma by inducing cancer stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation Cancer Res. 70 2010 10433 10444
    • (2010) Cancer Res. , vol.70 , pp. 10433-10444
    • Chiou, S.H.1    Wang, M.L.2    Chou, Y.T.3    Chen, C.J.4    Hong, C.F.5    Hsieh, W.J.6    Chang, H.T.7    Chen, Y.S.8    Lin, T.W.9    Hsu, H.S.10    Wu, C.W.11
  • 24
    • 27144510277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells, asymmetric division and cancer
    • H. Clevers Stem cells, asymmetric division and cancer Nat. Genet. 37 2005 1027 1028
    • (2005) Nat. Genet. , vol.37 , pp. 1027-1028
    • Clevers, H.1
  • 26
    • 84865352491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4A, prominin-1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase strongly indicates involvement in the initiation of lung adenocarcinoma resulting in shorter disease-free intervals
    • L. Cortes-Dericks, D. Galetta, L. Spaggiari, R.A. Schmid, and G. Karoubi High expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4A, prominin-1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase strongly indicates involvement in the initiation of lung adenocarcinoma resulting in shorter disease-free intervals Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 41 2012 e173 e181
    • (2012) Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. , vol.41 , pp. 173-e181
    • Cortes-Dericks, L.1    Galetta, D.2    Spaggiari, L.3    Schmid, R.A.4    Karoubi, G.5
  • 28
    • 34047096557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer stem cells: Models and concepts
    • P. Dalerba, R.W. Cho, and M.F. Clarke Cancer stem cells: models and concepts Annu. Rev. Med. 58 2007 267 284
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Med. , vol.58 , pp. 267-284
    • Dalerba, P.1    Cho, R.W.2    Clarke, M.F.3
  • 29
    • 0037417132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activation of Notch3 inhibits terminal epithelial differentiation in lungs of transgenic mice
    • T.P. Dang, S. Eichenberger, A. Gonzalez, S. Olson, and D.P. Carbone Constitutive activation of Notch3 inhibits terminal epithelial differentiation in lungs of transgenic mice Oncogene 22 2003 1988 1997
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 1988-1997
    • Dang, T.P.1    Eichenberger, S.2    Gonzalez, A.3    Olson, S.4    Carbone, D.P.5
  • 30
    • 33645997016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental signalling pathways in lung cancer
    • V.C. Daniel, C.D. Peacock, and D.N. Watkins Developmental signalling pathways in lung cancer Respirology 11 2006 234 240
    • (2006) Respirology , vol.11 , pp. 234-240
    • Daniel, V.C.1    Peacock, C.D.2    Watkins, D.N.3
  • 32
  • 33
    • 33746875575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse models of lung cancer
    • A. Dutt, and K.K. Wong Mouse models of lung cancer Clin. Cancer Res. 12 2006 4396s 4402s
    • (2006) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.12 , pp. 4396s-4402s
    • Dutt, A.1    Wong, K.K.2
  • 35
    • 0034948357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular characteristics of basal cells in airway epithelium
    • M.J. Evans, L.S. Van Winkle, M.V. Fanucchi, and C.G. Plopper Cellular and molecular characteristics of basal cells in airway epithelium Exp. Lung Res. 27 2001 401 415
    • (2001) Exp. Lung Res. , vol.27 , pp. 401-415
    • Evans, M.J.1    Van Winkle, L.S.2    Fanucchi, M.V.3    Plopper, C.G.4
  • 36
    • 0035893318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and apoptotic regression of lung adenocarcinomas by regulation of a K-Ras transgene in the presence and absence of tumor suppressor genes
    • G.H. Fisher, S.L. Wellen, D. Klimstra, J.M. Lenczowski, J.W. Tichelaar, M.J. Lizak, J.A. Whitsett, A. Koretsky, and H.E. Varmus Induction and apoptotic regression of lung adenocarcinomas by regulation of a K-Ras transgene in the presence and absence of tumor suppressor genes Genes Dev. 15 2001 3249 3262
    • (2001) Genes Dev. , vol.15 , pp. 3249-3262
    • Fisher, G.H.1    Wellen, S.L.2    Klimstra, D.3    Lenczowski, J.M.4    Tichelaar, J.W.5    Lizak, M.J.6    Whitsett, J.A.7    Koretsky, A.8    Varmus, H.E.9
  • 37
    • 0021968689 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of variant subclasses of cell lines derived from small cell lung cancer having distinctive biochemical, morphological, and growth properties
    • A.F. Gazdar, D.N. Carney, M.M. Nau, and J.D. Minna Characterization of variant subclasses of cell lines derived from small cell lung cancer having distinctive biochemical, morphological, and growth properties Cancer Res. 45 1985 2924 2930
    • (1985) Cancer Res. , vol.45 , pp. 2924-2930
    • Gazdar, A.F.1    Carney, D.N.2    Nau, M.M.3    Minna, J.D.4
  • 40
    • 79551602468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical appraisal of the side population assay in stem cell and cancer stem cell research
    • A. Golebiewska, N.H. Brons, R. Bjerkvig, and S.P. Niclou Critical appraisal of the side population assay in stem cell and cancer stem cell research Cell Stem Cell 8 2011 136 147
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.8 , pp. 136-147
    • Golebiewska, A.1    Brons, N.H.2    Bjerkvig, R.3    Niclou, S.P.4
  • 41
    • 42649142250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sox2 is important for two crucial processes in lung development: Branching morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation
    • C. Gontan, A. de Munck, M. Vermeij, F. Grosveld, D. Tibboel, and R. Rottier Sox2 is important for two crucial processes in lung development: branching morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation Dev. Biol. 317 2008 296 309
    • (2008) Dev. Biol. , vol.317 , pp. 296-309
    • Gontan, C.1    De Munck, A.2    Vermeij, M.3    Grosveld, F.4    Tibboel, D.5    Rottier, R.6
  • 42
    • 0029958876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and functional properties of murine hematopoietic stem cells that are replicating in vivo
    • M.A. Goodell, K. Brose, G. Paradis, A.S. Conner, and R.C. Mulligan Isolation and functional properties of murine hematopoietic stem cells that are replicating in vivo J. Exp. Med. 183 1996 1797 1806
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.183 , pp. 1797-1806
    • Goodell, M.A.1    Brose, K.2    Paradis, G.3    Conner, A.S.4    Mulligan, R.C.5
  • 43
    • 0032409157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog and patched in neural development and disease
    • L.V. Goodrich, and M.P. Scott Hedgehog and patched in neural development and disease Neuron 21 1998 1243 1257
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.21 , pp. 1243-1257
    • Goodrich, L.V.1    Scott, M.P.2
  • 44
    • 84856013431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal evolution in cancer
    • M. Greaves, and C.C. Maley Clonal evolution in cancer Nature 481 2012 306 313
    • (2012) Nature , vol.481 , pp. 306-313
    • Greaves, M.1    Maley, C.C.2
  • 45
    • 80051967505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells
    • P.B. Gupta, C.M. Fillmore, G. Jiang, S.D. Shapira, K. Tao, C. Kuperwasser, and E.S. Lander Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells Cell 146 2011 633 644
    • (2011) Cell , vol.146 , pp. 633-644
    • Gupta, P.B.1    Fillmore, C.M.2    Jiang, G.3    Shapira, S.D.4    Tao, K.5    Kuperwasser, C.6    Lander, E.S.7
  • 47
    • 0027764795 scopus 로고
    • Motivations for smoking cessation: A comparison of successful quitters and failures
    • M.T. Halpern, and K.E. Warner Motivations for smoking cessation: a comparison of successful quitters and failures J. Subst. Abuse. 5 1993 247 256
    • (1993) J. Subst. Abuse. , vol.5 , pp. 247-256
    • Halpern, M.T.1    Warner, K.E.2
  • 48
    • 84894818219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis inversely correlates with side population phenotype and function in human lung cancer cells
    • H. Han, D. Bourboulia, S. Jensen-Taubman, B. Isaac, B. Wei, and W.G. Stetler-Stevenson An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis inversely correlates with side population phenotype and function in human lung cancer cells Oncogene 2013
    • (2013) Oncogene
    • Han, H.1    Bourboulia, D.2    Jensen-Taubman, S.3    Isaac, B.4    Wei, B.5    Stetler-Stevenson, W.G.6
  • 49
    • 79952284127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation
    • D. Hanahan, and R.A. Weinberg Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation Cell 144 2011 646 674
    • (2011) Cell , vol.144 , pp. 646-674
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 50
  • 51
    • 84877093512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notch pathway activity identifies cells with cancer stem cell-like properties and correlates with worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma
    • K.A. Hassan, L. Wang, H. Korkaya, G. Chen, I. Maillard, D.G. Beer, G.P. Kalemkerian, and M.S. Wicha Notch pathway activity identifies cells with cancer stem cell-like properties and correlates with worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma Clin. Cancer Res. 19 2013 1972 1980
    • (2013) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.19 , pp. 1972-1980
    • Hassan, K.A.1    Wang, L.2    Korkaya, H.3    Chen, G.4    Maillard, I.5    Beer, D.G.6    Kalemkerian, G.P.7    Wicha, M.S.8
  • 53
    • 84855181703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cancer stem cell antigens CD133, BCRP1/ABCG2 and CD117/c-KIT are not associated with prognosis in resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
    • E. Herpel, K. Jensen, T. Muley, A. Warth, P.A. Schnabel, M. Meister, F.J. Herth, H. Dienemann, M. Thomas, and S. Gottschling The cancer stem cell antigens CD133, BCRP1/ABCG2 and CD117/c-KIT are not associated with prognosis in resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer Anticancer Res. 31 2011 4491 4500
    • (2011) Anticancer Res. , vol.31 , pp. 4491-4500
    • Herpel, E.1    Jensen, K.2    Muley, T.3    Warth, A.4    Schnabel, P.A.5    Meister, M.6    Herth, F.J.7    Dienemann, H.8    Thomas, M.9    Gottschling, S.10
  • 54
    • 34250306257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side population in human lung cancer cell lines and tumors is enriched with stem-like cancer cells
    • M.M. Ho, A.V. Ng, S. Lam, and J.Y. Hung Side population in human lung cancer cell lines and tumors is enriched with stem-like cancer cells Cancer Res. 67 2007 4827 4833
    • (2007) Cancer Res. , vol.67 , pp. 4827-4833
    • Ho, M.M.1    Ng, A.V.2    Lam, S.3    Hung, J.Y.4
  • 55
    • 18844392836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic expression of Oct-4 blocks progenitor-cell differentiation and causes dysplasia in epithelial tissues
    • K. Hochedlinger, Y. Yamada, C. Beard, and R. Jaenisch Ectopic expression of Oct-4 blocks progenitor-cell differentiation and causes dysplasia in epithelial tissues Cell 121 2005 465 477
    • (2005) Cell , vol.121 , pp. 465-477
    • Hochedlinger, K.1    Yamada, Y.2    Beard, C.3    Jaenisch, R.4
  • 56
    • 84455174511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia induces CD133 expression in human lung cancer cells by up-regulation of OCT3/4 and SOX2
    • H. Iida, M. Suzuki, R. Goitsuka, and H. Ueno Hypoxia induces CD133 expression in human lung cancer cells by up-regulation of OCT3/4 and SOX2 Int. J. Oncol. 40 2012 71 79
    • (2012) Int. J. Oncol. , vol.40 , pp. 71-79
    • Iida, H.1    Suzuki, M.2    Goitsuka, R.3    Ueno, H.4
  • 57
    • 0033792527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors regulate the neuroendocrine differentiation of fetal mouse pulmonary epithelium
    • T. Ito, N. Udaka, T. Yazawa, K. Okudela, H. Hayashi, T. Sudo, F. Guillemot, R. Kageyama, and H. Kitamura Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors regulate the neuroendocrine differentiation of fetal mouse pulmonary epithelium Development 127 2000 3913 3921
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 3913-3921
    • Ito, T.1    Udaka, N.2    Yazawa, T.3    Okudela, K.4    Hayashi, H.5    Sudo, T.6    Guillemot, F.7    Kageyama, R.8    Kitamura, H.9
  • 64
    • 77956574908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than markers: Biological significance of cancer stem cell-defining molecules
    • S.B. Keysar, and A. Jimeno More than markers: biological significance of cancer stem cell-defining molecules Mol. Cancer Ther. 9 2010 2450 2457
    • (2010) Mol. Cancer Ther. , vol.9 , pp. 2450-2457
    • Keysar, S.B.1    Jimeno, A.2
  • 66
    • 40749104852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An extended transcriptional network for pluripotency of embryonic stem cells
    • J. Kim, J. Chu, X. Shen, J. Wang, and S.H. Orkin An extended transcriptional network for pluripotency of embryonic stem cells Cell 132 2008 1049 1061
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 1049-1061
    • Kim, J.1    Chu, J.2    Shen, X.3    Wang, J.4    Orkin, S.H.5
  • 67
    • 33748850636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the canonical Wnt pathway leads to loss of hematopoietic stem cell repopulation and multilineage differentiation block
    • P. Kirstetter, K. Anderson, B.T. Porse, S.E. Jacobsen, and C. Nerlov Activation of the canonical Wnt pathway leads to loss of hematopoietic stem cell repopulation and multilineage differentiation block Nat. Immunol. 7 2006 1048 1056
    • (2006) Nat. Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 1048-1056
    • Kirstetter, P.1    Anderson, K.2    Porse, B.T.3    Jacobsen, S.E.4    Nerlov, C.5
  • 68
    • 34548572895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma-secretase inhibitor prevents Notch3 activation and reduces proliferation in human lung cancers
    • J. Konishi, K.S. Kawaguchi, H. Vo, N. Haruki, A. Gonzalez, D.P. Carbone, and T.P. Dang Gamma-secretase inhibitor prevents Notch3 activation and reduces proliferation in human lung cancers Cancer Res. 67 2007 8051 8057
    • (2007) Cancer Res. , vol.67 , pp. 8051-8057
    • Konishi, J.1    Kawaguchi, K.S.2    Vo, H.3    Haruki, N.4    Gonzalez, A.5    Carbone, D.P.6    Dang, T.P.7
  • 71
    • 52449091004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-selected human lung cancer stem cells: Cytokine network, tumorigenic and metastatic properties
    • V. Levina, A.M. Marrangoni, R. DeMarco, E. Gorelik, and A.E. Lokshin Drug-selected human lung cancer stem cells: cytokine network, tumorigenic and metastatic properties PLoS One 3 2008 e3077
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , pp. 3077
    • Levina, V.1    Marrangoni, A.M.2    Demarco, R.3    Gorelik, E.4    Lokshin, A.E.5
  • 72
    • 84871454926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alveolar type II cells possess the capability of initiating lung tumor development
    • C. Lin, H. Song, C. Huang, E. Yao, R. Gacayan, S.M. Xu, and P.T. Chuang Alveolar type II cells possess the capability of initiating lung tumor development PLoS One 7 2012 e53817
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 53817
    • Lin, C.1    Song, H.2    Huang, C.3    Yao, E.4    Gacayan, R.5    Xu, S.M.6    Chuang, P.T.7
  • 73
    • 0031711075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic hedgehog is essential to foregut development
    • Y. Litingtung, L. Lei, H. Westphal, and C. Chiang Sonic hedgehog is essential to foregut development Nat. Genet. 20 1998 58 61
    • (1998) Nat. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 58-61
    • Litingtung, Y.1    Lei, L.2    Westphal, H.3    Chiang, C.4
  • 75
    • 2342427631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient activation of beta-catenin signalling in adult mouse epidermis is sufficient to induce new hair follicles but continuous activation is required to maintain hair follicle tumours
    • C. Lo Celso, D.M. Prowse, and F.M. Watt Transient activation of beta-catenin signalling in adult mouse epidermis is sufficient to induce new hair follicles but continuous activation is required to maintain hair follicle tumours Development 131 2004 1787 1799
    • (2004) Development , vol.131 , pp. 1787-1799
    • Lo Celso, C.1    Prowse, D.M.2    Watt, F.M.3
  • 77
    • 84878997151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to DNA-damaging treatment in non-small cell lung cancer tumor-initiating cells involves reduced DNA-PK/ATM activation and diminished cell cycle arrest
    • L. Lundholm, P. Haag, D. Zong, T. Juntti, B. Mork, R. Lewensohn, and K. Viktorsson Resistance to DNA-damaging treatment in non-small cell lung cancer tumor-initiating cells involves reduced DNA-PK/ATM activation and diminished cell cycle arrest Cell Death Dis. 4 2013 e478
    • (2013) Cell Death Dis. , vol.4 , pp. 478
    • Lundholm, L.1    Haag, P.2    Zong, D.3    Juntti, T.4    Mork, B.5    Lewensohn, R.6    Viktorsson, K.7
  • 78
    • 84876489727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer stem cells: The challenges ahead
    • J.P. Medema Cancer stem cells: the challenges ahead Nat. Cell Biol. 15 2013 338 344
    • (2013) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 338-344
    • Medema, J.P.1
  • 79
    • 15444374561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse models for human lung cancer
    • R. Meuwissen, and A. Berns Mouse models for human lung cancer Genes Dev. 19 2005 643 664
    • (2005) Genes Dev. , vol.19 , pp. 643-664
    • Meuwissen, R.1    Berns, A.2
  • 80
    • 0141523025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model
    • R. Meuwissen, S.C. Linn, R.I. Linnoila, J. Zevenhoven, W.J. Mooi, and A. Berns Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model Cancer Cell 4 2003 181 189
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.4 , pp. 181-189
    • Meuwissen, R.1    Linn, S.C.2    Linnoila, R.I.3    Zevenhoven, J.4    Mooi, W.J.5    Berns, A.6
  • 81
    • 0141457433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A big step in the study of small cell lung cancer
    • J.D. Minna, J.M. Kurie, and T. Jacks A big step in the study of small cell lung cancer Cancer Cell 4 2003 163 166
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.4 , pp. 163-166
    • Minna, J.D.1    Kurie, J.M.2    Jacks, T.3
  • 84
    • 67349191354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldehyde dehydrogenase as a marker for stem cells
    • J.S. Moreb Aldehyde dehydrogenase as a marker for stem cells Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 3 2008 237 246
    • (2008) Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther. , vol.3 , pp. 237-246
    • Moreb, J.S.1
  • 85
    • 0029685930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase class i results in increased resistance to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide
    • J. Moreb, M. Schweder, A. Suresh, and J.R. Zucali Overexpression of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase class I results in increased resistance to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide Cancer Gene Ther. 3 1996 24 30
    • (1996) Cancer Gene Ther. , vol.3 , pp. 24-30
    • Moreb, J.1    Schweder, M.2    Suresh, A.3    Zucali, J.R.4
  • 86
    • 33745600820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer
    • S.J. Morrison, and J. Kimble Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer Nature 441 2006 1068 1074
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Morrison, S.J.1    Kimble, J.2
  • 88
    • 0017167185 scopus 로고
    • The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations
    • P.C. Nowell The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations Science 194 1976 23 28
    • (1976) Science , vol.194 , pp. 23-28
    • Nowell, P.C.1
  • 89
    • 84871392441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the potential cancer stem cell markers, CD133, CD44, ALDH1, and beta-catenin, in primary lung adenocarcinoma-their prognostic significance
    • K. Okudela, T. Woo, H. Mitsui, M. Tajiri, M. Masuda, and K. Ohashi Expression of the potential cancer stem cell markers, CD133, CD44, ALDH1, and beta-catenin, in primary lung adenocarcinoma-their prognostic significance Pathol. Int. 62 2012 792 801
    • (2012) Pathol. Int. , vol.62 , pp. 792-801
    • Okudela, K.1    Woo, T.2    Mitsui, H.3    Tajiri, M.4    Masuda, M.5    Ohashi, K.6
  • 91
    • 0345059767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer
    • R. Pardal, M.F. Clarke, and S.J. Morrison Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 2003 895 902
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 895-902
    • Pardal, R.1    Clarke, M.F.2    Morrison, S.J.3
  • 93
    • 0141483064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal and leukemic hematopoiesis: Are leukemias a stem cell disorder or a reacquisition of stem cell characteristics?
    • E. Passegue, C.H. Jamieson, L.E. Ailles, and I.L. Weissman Normal and leukemic hematopoiesis: are leukemias a stem cell disorder or a reacquisition of stem cell characteristics? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 Suppl 1 2003 11842 11849
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 11842-11849
    • Passegue, E.1    Jamieson, C.H.2    Ailles, L.E.3    Weissman, I.L.4
  • 94
    • 40249108437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 expression in lung cancers: Correlation with histologic type and potential precursors
    • M. Patel, L. Lu, D.S. Zander, L. Sreerama, D. Coco, and J.S. Moreb ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 expression in lung cancers: correlation with histologic type and potential precursors Lung Cancer 59 2008 340 349
    • (2008) Lung Cancer , vol.59 , pp. 340-349
    • Patel, M.1    Lu, L.2    Zander, D.S.3    Sreerama, L.4    Coco, D.5    Moreb, J.S.6
  • 95
    • 0032563948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonic hedgehog regulates branching morphogenesis in the mammalian lung
    • C.V. Pepicelli, P.M. Lewis, and A.P. McMahon Sonic hedgehog regulates branching morphogenesis in the mammalian lung Curr. Biol. 8 1998 1083 1086
    • (1998) Curr. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 1083-1086
    • Pepicelli, C.V.1    Lewis, P.M.2    McMahon, A.P.3
  • 96
    • 84865600696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel five gene signature derived from stem-like side population cells predicts overall and recurrence-free survival in NSCLC
    • D. Perumal, S. Singh, S.J. Yoder, G.C. Bloom, and S.P. Chellappan A novel five gene signature derived from stem-like side population cells predicts overall and recurrence-free survival in NSCLC PLoS One 7 2012 e43589
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 43589
    • Perumal, D.1    Singh, S.2    Yoder, S.J.3    Bloom, G.C.4    Chellappan, S.P.5
  • 97
    • 33744814638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung adenocarcinomas induced in mice by mutant EGF receptors found in human lung cancers respond to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or to down-regulation of the receptors
    • K. Politi, M.F. Zakowski, P.D. Fan, E.A. Schonfeld, W. Pao, and H.E. Varmus Lung adenocarcinomas induced in mice by mutant EGF receptors found in human lung cancers respond to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or to down-regulation of the receptors Genes Dev. 20 2006 1496 1510
    • (2006) Genes Dev. , vol.20 , pp. 1496-1510
    • Politi, K.1    Zakowski, M.F.2    Fan, P.D.3    Schonfeld, E.A.4    Pao, W.5    Varmus, H.E.6
  • 98
    • 0035496211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco and the global lung cancer epidemic
    • R.N. Proctor Tobacco and the global lung cancer epidemic Nat. Rev. Cancer 1 2001 82 86
    • (2001) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.1 , pp. 82-86
    • Proctor, R.N.1
  • 99
    • 69549090537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple roles for Sox2 in the developing and adult mouse trachea
    • J. Que, X. Luo, R.J. Schwartz, and B.L. Hogan Multiple roles for Sox2 in the developing and adult mouse trachea Development 136 2009 1899 1907
    • (2009) Development , vol.136 , pp. 1899-1907
    • Que, J.1    Luo, X.2    Schwartz, R.J.3    Hogan, B.L.4
  • 100
    • 33746413027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial stem cells of the lung: Privileged few or opportunities for many?
    • E.L. Rawlins, and B.L. Hogan Epithelial stem cells of the lung: privileged few or opportunities for many? Development 133 2006 2455 2465
    • (2006) Development , vol.133 , pp. 2455-2465
    • Rawlins, E.L.1    Hogan, B.L.2
  • 101
    • 70450196056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Id2+ distal tip lung epithelium contains individual multipotent embryonic progenitor cells
    • E.L. Rawlins, C.P. Clark, Y. Xue, and B.L. Hogan The Id2+ distal tip lung epithelium contains individual multipotent embryonic progenitor cells Development 136 2009 3741 3745
    • (2009) Development , vol.136 , pp. 3741-3745
    • Rawlins, E.L.1    Clark, C.P.2    Xue, Y.3    Hogan, B.L.4
  • 103
    • 17244376814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer
    • T. Reya, and H. Clevers Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer Nature 434 2005 843 850
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 843-850
    • Reya, T.1    Clevers, H.2
  • 107
    • 77952885076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterisation of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in small-cell lung cancer
    • C.D. Salcido, A. Larochelle, B.J. Taylor, C.E. Dunbar, and L. Varticovski Molecular characterisation of side population cells with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in small-cell lung cancer Br. J. Cancer 102 2010 1636 1644
    • (2010) Br. J. Cancer , vol.102 , pp. 1636-1644
    • Salcido, C.D.1    Larochelle, A.2    Taylor, B.J.3    Dunbar, C.E.4    Varticovski, L.5
  • 108
    • 74049105514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD133 is indicative for a resistance phenotype but does not represent a prognostic marker for survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients
    • A.V. Salnikov, J. Gladkich, G. Moldenhauer, M. Volm, J. Mattern, and I. Herr CD133 is indicative for a resistance phenotype but does not represent a prognostic marker for survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients Int. J. Cancer 126 2010 950 958
    • (2010) Int. J. Cancer , vol.126 , pp. 950-958
    • Salnikov, A.V.1    Gladkich, J.2    Moldenhauer, G.3    Volm, M.4    Mattern, J.5    Herr, I.6
  • 110
    • 84878699574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorouracil selectively enriches stem-like cells in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC
    • M.M. Shi, Y.L. Xiong, X.S. Jia, X. Li, L. Zhang, X.L. Li, and E.H. Wang Fluorouracil selectively enriches stem-like cells in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC Tumour Biol. 34 2013 1503 1510
    • (2013) Tumour Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Shi, M.M.1    Xiong, Y.L.2    Jia, X.S.3    Li, X.4    Zhang, L.5    Li, X.L.6    Wang, E.H.7
  • 113
    • 77955171923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sox2 protein expression is an independent poor prognostic indicator in stage i lung adenocarcinoma
    • L.M. Sholl, J.A. Barletta, B.Y. Yeap, L.R. Chirieac, and J.L. Hornick Sox2 protein expression is an independent poor prognostic indicator in stage I lung adenocarcinoma Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 34 2010 1193 1198
    • (2010) Am. J. Surg. Pathol. , vol.34 , pp. 1193-1198
    • Sholl, L.M.1    Barletta, J.A.2    Yeap, B.Y.3    Chirieac, L.R.4    Hornick, J.L.5
  • 115
    • 84866555389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGFR/Src/Akt signaling modulates Sox2 expression and self-renewal of stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer
    • S. Singh, J. Trevino, N. Bora-Singhal, D. Coppola, E. Haura, S. Altiok, and S.P. Chellappan EGFR/Src/Akt signaling modulates Sox2 expression and self-renewal of stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer Mol. Cancer 11 2012 73
    • (2012) Mol. Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 73
    • Singh, S.1    Trevino, J.2    Bora-Singhal, N.3    Coppola, D.4    Haura, E.5    Altiok, S.6    Chellappan, S.P.7
  • 116
    • 84873894317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BetaArrestin-1 and Mcl-1 modulate self-renewal growth of cancer stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer
    • S. Singh, N. Bora-Singhal, J. Kroeger, H. Laklai, and S.P. Chellappan BetaArrestin-1 and Mcl-1 modulate self-renewal growth of cancer stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer PLoS One 8 2013 e55982
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. 55982
    • Singh, S.1    Bora-Singhal, N.2    Kroeger, J.3    Laklai, H.4    Chellappan, S.P.5
  • 117
    • 0242667837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells and breast cancer: A field in transit
    • M. Smalley, and A. Ashworth Stem cells and breast cancer: a field in transit Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 2003 832 844
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 832-844
    • Smalley, M.1    Ashworth, A.2
  • 118
    • 42049084004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance and repair of the bronchiolar epithelium
    • B.R. Stripp, and S.D. Reynolds Maintenance and repair of the bronchiolar epithelium Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 5 2008 328 333
    • (2008) Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. , vol.5 , pp. 328-333
    • Stripp, B.R.1    Reynolds, S.D.2
  • 121
    • 79958761641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell of origin of small cell lung cancer: Inactivation of Trp53 and rb1 in distinct cell types of adult mouse lung
    • K.D. Sutherland, N. Proost, I. Brouns, D. Adriaensen, J.Y. Song, and A. Berns Cell of origin of small cell lung cancer: inactivation of Trp53 and rb1 in distinct cell types of adult mouse lung Cancer Cell 19 2011 754 764
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.19 , pp. 754-764
    • Sutherland, K.D.1    Proost, N.2    Brouns, I.3    Adriaensen, D.4    Song, J.Y.5    Berns, A.6
  • 122
    • 0035902140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer
    • J. Taipale, and P.A. Beachy The Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer Nature 411 2001 349 354
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 349-354
    • Taipale, J.1    Beachy, P.A.2
  • 125
    • 57649215591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma-secretase activation of notch signaling regulates the balance of proximal and distal fates in progenitor cells of the developing lung
    • P.N. Tsao, F. Chen, K.I. Izvolsky, J. Walker, M.A. Kukuruzinska, J. Lu, and W.V. Cardoso Gamma-secretase activation of notch signaling regulates the balance of proximal and distal fates in progenitor cells of the developing lung J. Biol. Chem. 283 2008 29532 29544
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.283 , pp. 29532-29544
    • Tsao, P.N.1    Chen, F.2    Izvolsky, K.I.3    Walker, J.4    Kukuruzinska, M.A.5    Lu, J.6    Cardoso, W.V.7
  • 126
    • 0242551656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Wnt pathway in non small cell lung cancer: Evidence of dishevelled overexpression
    • K. Uematsu, B. He, L. You, Z. Xu, F. McCormick, and D.M. Jablons Activation of the Wnt pathway in non small cell lung cancer: evidence of dishevelled overexpression Oncogene 22 2003 7218 7221
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 7218-7221
    • Uematsu, K.1    He, B.2    You, L.3    Xu, Z.4    McCormick, F.5    Jablons, D.M.6
  • 127
    • 0043092191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wnt pathway activation in mesothelioma: Evidence of dishevelled overexpression and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin
    • K. Uematsu, S. Kanazawa, L. You, B. He, Z. Xu, K. Li, B.M. Peterlin, F. McCormick, and D.M. Jablons Wnt pathway activation in mesothelioma: evidence of dishevelled overexpression and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin Cancer Res. 63 2003 4547 4551
    • (2003) Cancer Res. , vol.63 , pp. 4547-4551
    • Uematsu, K.1    Kanazawa, S.2    You, L.3    He, B.4    Xu, Z.5    Li, K.6    Peterlin, B.M.7    McCormick, F.8    Jablons, D.M.9
  • 129
    • 52549087785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: Accumulating evidence and unresolved questions
    • J.E. Visvader, and G.J. Lindeman Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions Nat. Rev. Cancer 8 2008 755 768
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 755-768
    • Visvader, J.E.1    Lindeman, G.J.2
  • 130
    • 1642363983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chemically induced model for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in mice: Histopathology and strain susceptibility
    • Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. Yan, W.J. Lemon, M. LaRegina, C. Morrison, R. Lubet, and M. You A chemically induced model for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in mice: histopathology and strain susceptibility Cancer Res. 64 2004 1647 1654
    • (2004) Cancer Res. , vol.64 , pp. 1647-1654
    • Wang, Y.1    Zhang, Z.2    Yan, Y.3    Lemon, W.J.4    Laregina, M.5    Morrison, C.6    Lubet, R.7    You, M.8
  • 131
    • 0242669237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signalling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer
    • D.N. Watkins, D.M. Berman, S.G. Burkholder, B. Wang, P.A. Beachy, and S.B. Baylin Hedgehog signalling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer Nature 422 2003 313 317
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 313-317
    • Watkins, D.N.1    Berman, D.M.2    Burkholder, S.G.3    Wang, B.4    Beachy, P.A.5    Baylin, S.B.6
  • 132
    • 0026673788 scopus 로고
    • Simian virus 40 large T antigen directed by transcriptional elements of the human surfactant protein C gene produces pulmonary adenocarcinomas in transgenic mice
    • K.A. Wikenheiser, J.C. Clark, R.I. Linnoila, M.T. Stahlman, and J.A. Whitsett Simian virus 40 large T antigen directed by transcriptional elements of the human surfactant protein C gene produces pulmonary adenocarcinomas in transgenic mice Cancer Res. 52 1992 5342 5352
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 5342-5352
    • Wikenheiser, K.A.1    Clark, J.C.2    Linnoila, R.I.3    Stahlman, M.T.4    Whitsett, J.A.5
  • 134
    • 33748754006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumorigenic effect of Wnt 7a and Fzd 9 in non-small cell lung cancer cells is mediated through ERK-5-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
    • R.A. Winn, M. Van Scoyk, M. Hammond, K. Rodriguez, J.T. Crossno Jr., L.E. Heasley, and R.A. Nemenoff Antitumorigenic effect of Wnt 7a and Fzd 9 in non-small cell lung cancer cells is mediated through ERK-5-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma J. Biol. Chem. 281 2006 26943 26950
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.281 , pp. 26943-26950
    • Winn, R.A.1    Van Scoyk, M.2    Hammond, M.3    Rodriguez, K.4    Crossno, J.T.5    Heasley, L.E.6    Nemenoff, R.A.7
  • 135
    • 48349133869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side population cells in human cancers
    • C. Wu, and B.A. Alman Side population cells in human cancers Cancer Lett. 268 2008 1 9
    • (2008) Cancer Lett. , vol.268 , pp. 1-9
    • Wu, C.1    Alman, B.A.2
  • 138
    • 0017645704 scopus 로고
    • Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in the lung of C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal instillation of benzo[a]pyrene with charcoal powder
    • T. Yoshimoto, F. Hirao, M. Sakatani, H. Nishikawa, and T. Ogura Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in the lung of C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal instillation of benzo[a]pyrene with charcoal powder Gann 68 1977 343 352
    • (1977) Gann , vol.68 , pp. 343-352
    • Yoshimoto, T.1    Hirao, F.2    Sakatani, M.3    Nishikawa, H.4    Ogura, T.5
  • 139
    • 0018933549 scopus 로고
    • Differential induction of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas in mouse lung by intratracheal instillation of benzo(a)pyrene and charcoal powder
    • T. Yoshimoto, T. Inoue, H. Iizuka, H. Nishikawa, M. Sakatani, T. Ogura, F. Hirao, and Y. Yamamura Differential induction of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas in mouse lung by intratracheal instillation of benzo(a)pyrene and charcoal powder Cancer Res. 40 1980 4301 4307
    • (1980) Cancer Res. , vol.40 , pp. 4301-4307
    • Yoshimoto, T.1    Inoue, T.2    Iizuka, H.3    Nishikawa, H.4    Sakatani, M.5    Ogura, T.6    Hirao, F.7    Yamamura, Y.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.