Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2005, featuring trends in lung cancer, tobacco use, and tobacco control

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Volumn 100, Issue 23, 2008, Pages 1672-1694

  Jemal, Ahmedin ^a   Thun, Michael J ^a   Ries, Lynn A G ^d   Howe, Holly L ^e   Weir, Hannah K ^b   Center, Melissa M ^a   Ward, Elizabeth ^a   Wu, Xiao Cheng ^e,f   Eheman, Christie ^b   Anderson, Robert ^c   Ajani, Umed A ^b   Kohler, Betsy ^e,g   Edwards, Brenda K ^d  

^a AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS   (United States)

^d NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e North American Association of Central Cancer Registries   (United States)

^f LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^g NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SENIOR SERVICES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER INVASION; COLORECTAL CANCER; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RACE DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; SMOKING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY; CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (U.S.); CHILD; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; LINEAR MODELS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (U.S.); NEOPLASMS; RESEARCH DESIGN; SEER PROGRAM; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SEX FACTORS; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 57349182464     PISSN: 00278874     EISSN: 14602105     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn389     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Rosenberg HM, Miller DS, Edwards BK. Cancer incidence and mortality, 1973-1995: a report card for the U.S. Cancer. 1998;82(6):1197-1207.
2. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Giovino GA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(8):675-690.
3. Ries LA, Wingo PA, Miller DS, et al. The annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1997, with a special section on colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2000;88(10):2398-2424.
4. Howe HL, Wingo PA, Thun MJ, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featuring cancers with recent increasing trends. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(11):824-842.
5. Edwards BK, Howe HL, Ries LA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1999, featuring implications of age and aging on U.S. cancer burden. Cancer. 2002;94(10):2766-2792.
6. Weir HK, Thun MJ, Hankey BF, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(17):1276-1299.
7. Jemal A, Clegg LX, Ward E, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2001, with a special feature regarding survival. Cancer. 2004;101(1):3-27.
8. Edwards BK, Brown ML, Wingo PA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2002, featuring population-based trends in cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(19):1407-1427.
9. Howe HL, Wu X, Ries LA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2003, featuring cancer among U.S. Hispanic/Latino populations. Cancer. 2006;107(8):1711-1742.
10. Espey DK, Wu XC, Swan J, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2004, featuring cancer in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Cancer. 2007;110:2119-2152.
11. Fritz A, Percy C, Jack A. International Classification of Diseases of Oncology. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000.
12. Ries LAG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, et al. (eds) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2005. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2008. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2005/, based on November 2007 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site.
13. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Adapted for Use in the United States. 6th revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1948.
14. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Adapted for Use in the United States. 7th revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1955.
15. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Adapted FOR Use in the United States. 8th revision. Washington, DC: US Department of Health Education and Welfare, National Center for Health Statistics, Public Health Service; 1967.
16. World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1977.
17. World Health Organization International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th revision. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.
18. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1950-1999, Volume II. Mortality, Parts A and B. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics, Public Health Service; 2001.
19. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Statistical Resources. U.S. population Data 1969-2005. http://seer.cancer.gov/resources. Accessed April 15, 2008.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System. U.S. Census Populations With Bridged Race Categories. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/dvs/popbridge/ popbridge.htm. Accessed March 20, 2008.
21. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov). SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 9 Regs Public-Use, Nov 2007 Sub (1973-2005). National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance
22. Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2008, based on the November 2007 submission.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/. Accessed March 15, 2008.
24. US Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k5NSDUH/tabs/LOTSect2pe.htm#CigGNational. Accessed March 15, 2008.
25. Campaign For Tobacco Free Kids. A Broken Promise to Our Children: The 1998 State Tobacco Settlement Nine Years Later. http://www.tobaccofreekids. org/reports/settlements/2008/fullreport.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2008.
26. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. National Cancer Institute sponsored series of Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey 1992-2003; co-sponsored with Centers of Disease Control and Prevention 2001-2003. http://riskfactor.gov/studies/tus-cps/. Data files (AND/OR) technical documentation. http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/info.html. Accessed May 25, 2008.
27. Anderson C, Burns D. Patterns of Adolescent Initiation Rates Over Time: National and California Data. Changing Adolescent Smoking Prevalence. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 14. Bethesda, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5086, November 2001.
28. Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med. 2000;19(3):335-351.
29. Clegg LX, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN, Fay MP, Hankey BF. Impact of reporting delay and reporting error on cancer incidence rates and trends. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94(20):1537-1545.
30. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Population Estimates used in NCI's SEER*Stat Software. http://seer.cancer.gov/popdata/methods.html.
31. SUDAAN User's Manual. Professional Software for Survey Data Analysis. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 2003.
32. Schoeni RF, Martin LG, Andreski PM, Freedman VA. Persistent and growing socioeconomic disparities in disability among the elderly: 1982-2002. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(11):2065-2070.
33. Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr. Declining lung cancer rates among young men and women in the United States: a cohort analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81(20):1568-1571.
34. Jemal A, Chu KC, Tarone RE. Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(4):277-283.
35. Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N, et al. The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(16):1670-1674.
36. Jemal A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Recent trends in breast cancer incidence rates by age and tumor characteristics among U.S. women. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(3):R28.
37. Glass AG, Lacey JV Jr, Carreon JD, Hoover RN. Breast cancer incidence, 1980-2006: combined roles of menopausal hormone therapy, screening mammography, and estrogen receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(15):1152-1161.
38. Kerlikowske K, Miglioretti DL, Buist DS, Walker R, Carney PA. Declines in invasive breast cancer and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a screening mammography population. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(17):1335-1339.
39. Austin DF, Roe KM. The decreasing incidence of endometrial cancer: public health implications. Am J Public Health. 1982;72(1):65-68.
40. Jick H, Watkins RN, Hunter JR, et al. Replacement estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med. 1979;300(5):218-222.
41. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(19):1365-1371.
42. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(27):1977-1981.
43. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Brawley OW. Cancer screening in the United States 2008: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and cancer screening issues. CA Cancer J Clin. 58(3):161-179.
44. Meissner HI, Breen N, Klabunde CN, Vernon SW. Patterns of colorectal cancer screening uptake among men and women in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(2):389-394.
45. Breen N, Cronin KA, Meissner HI, et al. Reported drop in mammography: is this cause for concern? Cancer. 2007;109(12):2405-2409.
46. Li CI, Daling JR. Changes in breast cancer incidence rates in the United States by histologic subtype and race/ethnicity, 1995 to 2004. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(12):2773-2780.
47. Devesa SS, Young JL Jr, Brinton LA, Fraumeni JF Jr. Recent trends in cervix uteri cancer. Cancer. 1989;64(10):2184-2190.
48. Sherman ME, Wang SS, Carreon J, Devesa SS. Mortality trends for cervical squamous and adenocarcinoma in the United States. Relation to incidence and survival. Cancer. 2005;103(6):1258-1264.
49. Wang SS, Sherman ME, Hildesheim A, Lacey JV Jr, Devesa S. Cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma incidence trends among white women and black women in the United States for 1976-2000. Cancer. 2004;100(5):1035-1044.
50. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: recommendation and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(11):915-916.
51. Brawley OW, Knopf K, Merrill R. The epidemiology of prostate cancer part I: descriptive epidemiology. Semin Urol Oncol. 1998;16(4):187-192.
52. Farwell WR, Linder JA, Jha AK. Trends in prostate-specific antigen testing from 1995 through 2004. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(22):2497-2502.
53. Burgess JR, Tucker P. Incidence trends for papillary thyroid carcinoma and their correlation with thyroid surgery and thyroid fine-needle aspirate cytology. Thyroid. 2006;16(1):47-53.
54. Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA. 2006;295(18):2164-2167.
55. Jemal A, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Tucker MA. Recent trends in cutaneous melanoma incidence among whites in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(9):678-683.
56. Welch HG, Woloshin S, Schwartz LM. Skin biopsy rates and incidence of melanoma: population based ecological study. BMJ. 2005;331(7515):481.
57. Jayson M, Sanders H. Increased incidence of serendipitously discovered renal cell carcinoma. Urology. 1998;51(2):203-205.
58. Centers for Diseal Control and Prevent. Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost productivity losses - United States, 1997-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54(25):625-628.
59. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Smoking and Health; 2004.
60. Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Calle EE. Tobacco use and cancer: an epidemiologic perspective for geneticists. Oncogene. 2002;21(48):7307-7325.
61. Harris JE. Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900-80. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1983;71(3):473-479.
62. Burns DM, Lee L, Shen LZ, et al. Cigarette Smoking Behavior in the United States. Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implication for prevention and control. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; Monograph 8. NIH Pub No. 97-4213, 1997.
63. Thun MJ, Jemal A. How much of the decrease in cancer death rates in the United States is attributable to reductions in tobacco smoking? Tob Control. 2006;15(5):345-347.
64. Husten CG, Shelton DM, Chrismon JH, Lin YC, Mowery P, Powell FA. Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among older adults: United States, 1965-94. Tob Control. 1997;6(3):175-180.
65. National Cancer Institute. State and Local Legislative Action to Reduce Tobacco Use. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 11. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 00-4804, August 2000.
66. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 89-8411, 1989.
67. Ibrahim JK, Glantz SA. The rise and fall of tobacco control media campaigns, 1967-2006. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(8):1383-1396.
68. Morley CP, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Giovino GA, Horan JK. Tobacco Institute lobbying at the state and local levels of government in the 1990s. Tob Control. 2002;11:(suppl 1):I102-I109.
69. Ruel E, Mani N, Sandoval A, et al. After the Master Settlement Agreement: trends in the American tobacco retail environment from 1999 to 2002. Health Promot Pract. 2004;5(3 suppl):99S-110S.
70. Slater S, Chaloupka FJ, Wakefield M. State variation in retail promotions and advertising for Marlboro cigarettes. Tob Control. 2001;10(4):337-339.
71. Balbach ED, Traynor MP, Glantz SA. The implementation of California's tobacco tax initiative: the critical role of outsider strategies in protecting Proposition 99. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2000;25(4):689-715.
72. Al-Delaimy WK, Pierce JP, Messer K, White MM, Trinidad DR, Gilpin EA. The California Tobacco Control Program's effect on adult smokers: (2) Daily cigarette consumption levels. Tob Control. 2007;16(2):91-95.
73. Messer K, Pierce JP, Zhu SH, et al. The California Tobacco Control Program's effect on adult smokers: (1) Smoking cessation. Tob Control. 2007;16(2):85-90.
74. Trinidad DR, Messer K, Gilpin EA, Al-Delaimy WK, White MM , Pierce JP. The California Tobacco Control Program's effect on adult smokers: (3) Similar effects for African Americans across states. Tob Control. 2007;16(2):96-100.
75. Levy DT, Hyland A, Higbee C, Remer L, Compton C. The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence in California: results from the California tobacco policy simulation model. Health Policy. 2007;82(2):167-185.
76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs - 2007. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2007.
77. Farrelly MC, Pechacek TF, Thomas KY, Nelson D. The impact of tobacco control programs on adult smoking. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(2):304-309.
78. Liang L, Chaloupka FJ, Ierulli K. Measuring the Impact of Tobacco on State Economies. Evaluating ASSIST: A Blue Print for Understanding State-level Tobacco Control. Tobacco Control Monograph No. 17. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH Pub. No. 06-6058, October 2006.
79. Merrill RM, Hilton SC, Daniels M. Impact of the LDS church's health doctrine on deaths from diseases and conditions associated with cigarette smoking. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13(10):704-711.
80. Merrill RM, Lyon JL. Cancer incidence among Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah (United States) 1995-1999. Prev Med. 2005;40(5):535-541.
81. Jemal A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Contemporary lung cancer trends among U.S. women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(3):582-585.
82. Pierce JP, Lee L, Gilpin EA. Smoking initiation by adolescent girls, 1944 through 1988. An association with targeted advertising. JAMA. 1994;271(8):608-611.
83. Schachter JP, Franklin RS, Perry MJ. Migration and Geographic Mobility in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan America: 1995 to 2000. Census Special Reports, 2003. http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/censr-9.pdf. Accessed May 20, 2008.
84. Miller BA, Chu KC, Hankey BF, Ries LA. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns among specific Asian and Pacific Islander populations in the U.S. Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19(3):227-256.
85. Howe HL, Carozza S, O'Malley C, et al. (eds). Cancer in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos, 1995-2000. Springfield, IL: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Inc; 2003.
86. Wingo PA, Tucker TC, Jamison PM, et al. Cancer in Appalachia, 2001 - 2003. Cancer. 2008;112(1):181-192.
87. Lengerich EJ, Tucker TC, Powell RK, et al. Cancer incidence in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: disparities in Appalachia. J Rural Health. 2005;21(1):39-47.
88. Espey D, Paisano R, Cobb N. Regional patterns and trends in cancer mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2001. Cancer. 2005;103(5):1045-1053.
89. Sugarman JR, Holliday M, Ross A, Castorina J, Hui Y. Improving American Indian Cancer Data in the Washington State Cancer Registry using linkages with the Indian Health Service and Tribal Records. Cancer. 1996;78(7 suppl):1564-1568.
90. Rosenberg HM, Maurer JD, Sorlie PD, et al. Quality of death rates by race and Hispanic origin: a summary of current research. Vital Health Stat 2. 1999;(128):1-13.
91. Denny CH, Holtzman D, Cobb N. Surveillance for health behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives. Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1997-2000. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2003;52(7):1-13.
92. Arday DR, Tomar SL, Nelson DE, Merritt RK, Schooley MW, Mowery P. State smoking prevalence estimates: a comparison of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and current population surveys. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(10):1665-1669.
93. Institute of Medicine. Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2007.
94. Fiore MC, Jaen CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, 2008 Update. Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service; 2008.
95. Fiore MC, Jaen CR. A clinical blueprint to accelerate the elimination of tobacco use. JAMA. 2008;299(17):2083-2085.
96. Aveyard P, Brown K, Saunders C, et al. Weekly versus basic smoking cessation support in primary care: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2007;62(10):898-903.
97. Gonzales D, Rennard SI, Nides M, et al. Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;296(1):47-55.
98. Thorgeirsson TE, Geller F, Sulem P, et al. A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease. Nature. 2008;452(7187):638-642.
99. Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ. Genomics: when the smoke clears. Nature. 2008;452(7187):537-538.
100. National Cancer Institute. National Lung Cancer Screening Trial. http://www.cancer.gov/nlst/what-is-nlst#4. Accessed April 15, 2008.
101. Field JK, Smith RA, Duffy SW, et al. The Liverpool Statement 2005: priorities for the European Union/United States spiral computed tomography collaborative group. J Thorac Oncol. 2006;1(5):497-498.
102. Amos CI, Wu X, Broderick P, et al. Genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1. Nat Genet. 2008;40(5):616-622.
103. Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, et al. Paelitaxel-Carboplatin Alone or with Bevacizumab for Non-small cell lung cancer. NEJM. 2006;355(24):2452-2550.
104. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58(2):71-96.
105. Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Burns D, Jemal A, Shanks TG, Calle EE. Lung cancer death rates in lifelong nonsmokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(10):691-699.
106. Gazdar AF, Thun MJ. Lung cancer, smoke exposure, and sex. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):469-471.
107. Subramanian J, Govindan R. Lung cancer in never smokers: a review. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):561-570.
108. Chin L, Gray JW. Translating insights from the cancer genome into clinical practice. Nature. 2008;452(7187):553-563.
109. Carr KM, Rosenblatt K, Petricoin EF, Liotta LA. Genomic and proteomic approaches for studying human cancer: prospects for true patient-tailored therapy. Hum Genomics. 2004;1(2):134-140.
110. Feero WG, Guttmacher AE, Collins FS. The genome gets personal - almost. JAMA. 2008;299(11):1351-1352.