Correction: PHEX mimetic (SPR4-Peptide) corrects and improves HYP and wild type mice energy-metabolism (PLoS ONE (2014) 9, 5 (e97326) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097326);PHEX mimetic (SPR4-Peptide) corrects and improves HYP and wild type mice energy-metabolism

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Zelenchuk, Lesya V ^a   Hedge, Anne Marie ^a   Rowe, Peter S N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; CALCITRIOL; DENTIN MATRIX PROTEIN 1; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 23; INSULIN; LEPTIN; PEPTIDE SPR4; PHOSPHATE REGULATING NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE; SCLEROSTIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URIC ACID; DMP1 PROTEIN, MOUSE; PEPTIDE; SCLEROPROTEIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENPP1 GENE; ESP GENE; FAT MASS; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPOINSULINEMIA; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OSMOTIC PUMP; PERLIPIN 2 GENE; PHEX GENE; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMPATHETIC TONE; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL; C57BL MOUSE; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; FAMILIAL HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; ENERGY METABOLISM; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; FAMILIAL HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; PEPTIDES; PHEX PHOSPHATE REGULATING NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE;

EID: 84901340573     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101192     Document Type: Erratum

References (163)

1. Yamaguchi T, Sugimoto T (2011) Bone metabolism and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus [Review]. Endocrine journal 58: 613-624.
2. Zhang L, Choi HJ, Estrada K, Leo PJ, Li J, et al. (2013) Multi-stage genome-wide association meta-analyses identified two new loci for bone mineral density. Hum Mol Genet [Epub ahead of print] PMID:24249740.
3. Hsu YH, Kiel DP (2012) Clinical review: Genome-wide association studies of skeletal phenotypes: what we have learned and where we are headed. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: E1958-1977.
4. Zmuda JM, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Moffett SP, Klei L, Kammerer CM, et al. (2011) Genetic analysis of vertebral trabecular bone density and cross-sectional area in older men. Osteoporosis international 22: 1079-1090.
5. Jemtland R, Holden M, Reppe S, Olstad OK, Reinholt FP, et al. (2011) Molecular disease map of bone characterizing the postmenopausal osteoporosis phenotype. Journal of bone and mineral research 26: 1793-1801.
6. Styrkarsdottir U, Halldorsson BV, Gudbjartsson DF, Tang NL, Koh JM, et al. (2010) European bone mineral density loci are also associated with BMD in East-Asian populations. PLoS One 5: e13217.
7. Bresler D, Bruder J, Mohnike KL, Fraser D, Rowe PSN (2004) Serum MEPE-ASARM-peptides are elevated in X-linked rickets (HYP): implications for phosphaturia and rickets. J Endocrinol 183: R1-9. (Pubitemid 40057594)
8. Jain A, Fedarko NS, Collins MT, Gelman R, Ankrom MA, et al. (2004) Serum levels of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) in normal humans correlate with serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 4158-4161. (Pubitemid 39071529)
9. Confavreux CB, Levine RL, Karsenty G (2009) A paradigm of integrative physiology, the crosstalk between bone and energy metabolisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 310: 21-29.
10. Yadav VK, Oury F, Tanaka K, Thomas T, Wang Y, et al. (2011) Leptin-dependent serotonin control of appetite: temporal specificity, transcriptional regulation, and therapeutic implications. J Exp Med 208: 41-52.
11. Karsenty G, Yadav VK (2011) Regulation of bone mass by serotonin: molecular biology and therapeutic implications. Annu Rev Med 62: 323-331.
12. Yadav VK, Oury F, Suda N, Liu ZW, Gao XB, et al. (2009) A serotonin-dependent mechanism explains the leptin regulation of bone mass, appetite, and energy expenditure. Cell 138: 976-989.
13. Yadav VK, Ryu JH, Suda N, Tanaka KF, Gingrich JA, et al. (2008) Lrp5 controls bone formation by inhibiting serotonin synthesis in the duodenum. Cell 135: 825-837.
14. Chabbi-Achengli Y, Coudert AE, Callebert J, Geoffroy V, Cote F, et al. (2012) Decreased osteoclastogenesis in serotonin-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109: 2567-2572.
15. Karsenty G (2001) Leptin controls bone formation through a hypothalamic relay. Recent Prog Horm Res 56: 401-415.
16. Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, et al. (2000) Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell 100: 197-207. (Pubitemid 30064908)
17. Amling M, Takeda S, Karsenty G (2000) A neuro (endo)crine regulation of bone remodeling. Bioessays 22: 970-975.
18. Thrailkill KM, Jo CH, Cockrell GE, Moreau CS, Lumpkin CK, Jr., et al. (2012) Determinants of undercarboxylated and carboxylated osteocalcin concentrations in type 1 diabetes. Osteoporos Int 23: 1799-1806.
19. Sarkar PD, Choudhury AB (2012) Relationship of serum osteocalcin levels with blood glucose, insulin resistance and lipid profile in central Indian men with type 2 diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 118: 260-264.
20. Chen L, Li Q, Yang Z, Ye Z, Huang Y, et al. (2012) Osteocalcin, glucose metabolism, lipid profile and chronic low-grade inflammation in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Diabet Med 30: 309-317.
21. Chang MK, Kramer I, Keller H, Gooi JH, Collett C, et al. (2013) Reversing LRP5-dependent osteoporosis and SOST-deficiency induced sclerosing bone disorders by altering WNT signaling activity. J Bone Miner Res 29: 29-42.
22. Cui Y, Niziolek PJ, Macdonald BT, Zylstra CR, Alenina N, et al. (2011) Lrp5 functions in bone to regulate bone mass. Nature medicine 17: 684-691.
23. Lee GS, Simpson C, Sun BH, Yao C, Foer D, et al. (2013) Measurement of plasma, serum, and platelet serotonin in individuals with high bone mass and mutations in LRP5. J Bone Miner Res 29: 976-981.
24. Boudin E, Jennes K, de Freitas F, Tegay D, Mortier G, et al. (2013) No mutations in the serotonin related TPH1 and HTR1B genes in patients with monogenic sclerosing bone disorders. Bone 55: 52-56.
25. Lam DD, Leinninger GM, Louis GW, Garfield AS, Marston OJ, et al. (2011) Leptin does not directly affect CNS serotonin neurons to influence appetite. Cell Metab 13: 584-591.
26. Hwang YC, Jee JH, Jeong IK, Ahn KJ, Chung HY, et al. (2012) Circulating osteocalcin level is not associated with incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged male subjects: mean 8.4-year retrospective follow-up study. Diabetes Care 35: 1919-1924.
27. Mori K, Emoto M, Motoyama K, Lee E, Yamada S, et al. (2012) Undercarboxylated osteocalcin does not correlate with insulin resistance as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 4: 53.
28. Price S (2011) Bone: Evidence for local effects of LRP5 on bone mass. Nature reviews Rheumatology 7: 373.
29. Goltzman D (2011) LRP5, serotonin and bone: Complexity, contradictions and conundrums. J Bone Miner and Res 26: 2002-2011.
30. Idelevich A, Sato K, Baron R (2013) What are the effects of leptin on bone and where are they exerted? J Bone Miner Res 28: 18-21.
31. Turner RT, Kalra SP, Wong CP, Philbrick KA, Lindenmaier LB, et al. (2013) Peripheral leptin regulates bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 28: 22-34.
32. Hamrick MW, Della-Fera MA, Choi YH, Pennington C, Hartzell D, et al. (2005) Leptin treatment induces loss of bone marrow adipocytes and increases bone formation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. J Bone Miner Res 20: 994-1001. (Pubitemid 40712824)
33. Steppan CM, Crawford DT, Chidsey-Frink KL, Ke H, Swick AG (2000) Leptin is a potent stimulator of bone growth in ob/ob mice. Regul Pept 92: 73-78.
34. Schwartz AV, Schafer AL, Grey A, Vittinghoff E, Palermo L, et al. (2013) Effects of antiresorptive therapies on glucose metabolism: Results from the FIT, HORIZON-PFT, and FREEDOM trials. J Bone Miner Res 28: 1348-1354.
35. Nanes MS (2013) Phosphate wasting and fibroblast growth factor-23. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 20: 523-531.
36. Johnson RJ, Andrews P (2010) Fructose, Uricase, and the Back-to-Africa Hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology 19: 250-257.
37. Makovey J, Macara M, Chen JS, Hayward CS, March L, et al. (2013) Serum uric acid plays a protective role for bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Bone 52: 400-406.
38. Sritara C, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Chailurkit L, Yamwong S, Ratanachaiwong W, et al. (2012) Serum Uric Acid Levels in Relation to Bone-Related Phenotypes in Men and Women. J Clin Densitom 16: 336-340.
39. Nabipour I, Sambrook PN, Blyth FM, Janu MR, Waite LM, et al. (2011) Serum uric acid is associated with bone health in older men: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Bone Miner Res 26: 955-964.
40. Kanbay M, Segal M, Afsar B, Kang DH, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, et al. (2013) The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular disease. Heart 99: 759-766.
41. Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ (2008) Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 359: 1811-1821.
42. Sluijs I, Beulens JW, van der AD, Spijkerman AM, Schulze MB, et al. (2013) Plasma uric acid is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes independent of diet and metabolic risk factors. J Nutr 143: 80-85.
43. Stellato D, Morrone LF, Di Giorgio C, Gesualdo L (2012) Uric acid: a starring role in the intricate scenario of metabolic syndrome with cardio-renal damage? Intern Emerg Med 7: 5-8.
44. Santos RD (2012) Elevated uric acid, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease: cause, consequence, or just a not so innocent bystander? Endocrine 41: 350-352.
45. Grassi D, Ferri L, Desideri G, Di Giosia P, Cheli P, et al. (2012) Chronic Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid Deposit and Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Pharm Des 19: 2432-2438.
46. Civantos Modino S, Guijarro de Armas MG, Monereo Mejias S, Montano Martinez JM, Iglesias Bolanos P, et al. (2012) Hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in children with overweight and obesity. Endocrinol Nutr 59: 533-538.
47. Robles-Cervantes JA, Ramos-Zavala MG, Gonzalez-Ortiz M, Martinez-Abundis E, Valencia-Sandoval C, et al. (2011) Relationship between Serum Concentration of Uric Acid and Insulin Secretion among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2011: 107904.
48. HYP-consortium, Francis F, Hennig S, Korn b, Reinhardt R, et al. (1995) A gene (PEX) with homologies to endopeptidases is mutated in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. The HYP Consortium. Nat Genet 11: 130-136.
49. Vaughn LK, Meyer RA, Jr., Meyer MH (1986) Increased metabolic rate in X-linked hypophosphatemic mice. Endocrinology 118: 441-445. (Pubitemid 16147591)
50. Capparelli AW, Roh D, Dhiman JK, Jo OD, Yanagawa N (1992) Altered proximal tubule glucose metabolism in X-linked hypophosphatemic mice. Endocrinology 130: 328-334.
51. Nesbitt T, Econs MJ, Byun JK, Martel J, Tenenhouse HS, et al. (1995) Phosphate transport in immortalized cell cultures from the renal proximal tubule of normal and Hyp mice: evidence that the HYP gene locus product is an extrarenal factor. JBoneMinerRes 10: 1327-1333.
52. Rifas L, Gupta A, Hruska KA, Avioli LV (1995) Altered osteoblast gluconeogenesis in X-linked hypophosphatemic mice is associated with a depressed intracellular pH. CalcifTissue Int 57: 60-63.
53. Xie W, Mechin MC, Dubois SG, Lajeunesse D, van de Werve G (2002) Upregulation of liver glucose-6-phosphatase in x-linked hypophosphatemic mice. Horm Metab Res 34: 288-292. (Pubitemid 34761712)
54. David V, Martin AC, Hedge AM, Drezner MK, Rowe PS (2011) ASARM peptides: PHEX-dependent & independent regulation of serum phosphate. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F783-791.
55. Rowe PSN, Garrett IR, Schwarz PM, Carnes DL, Lafer EM, et al. (2005) Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) confirms MEPE binds to PHEX via the MEPE-ASARM-motif: A model for impaired mineralization in X-linked rickets (HYP). Bone 36: 33-46. (Pubitemid 40128272)
56. Atkins GJ, Rowe PS, Lim HP, Welldon KJ, Ormsby R, et al. (2011) Sclerostin is a locally acting regulator of late-osteoblast/pre-osteocyte differentiation and regulates mineralization through a MEPE-ASARM dependent mechanism. J Bone Miner Res 26: 1425-1436.
57. Campos M, Couture C, Hirata IY, Juliano MA, Loisel TP, et al. (2003) Human recombinant endopeptidase PHEX has a strict S1′ specificity for acidic residues and cleaves peptides derived from fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein. Biochem J 373: 271-279.
58. Salmon B, Bardet C, Khaddam M, Naji J, Coyac BR, et al. (2013) MEPE-Derived ASARM Peptide Inhibits Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Impairs Mineralization in Tooth Models of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. PLoS One 8: e56749.
59. Barros NM, Hoac B, Neves RL, Addison WN, Assis DM, et al. (2013) Proteolytic processing of osteopontin by PHEX and accumulation of osteopontin fragments in Hyp mouse bone, the murine model of X-linked hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res 28: 688-699.
60. Addison W, Masica D, Gray J, McKee MD (2009) Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition of Mineralization by Osteopontin ASARM Peptides is Regulated by PHEX Cleavage. J Bone Miner Res 25: 695-705.
61. Addison W, Nakano Y, Loisel T, Crine P, McKee M (2008) MEPE-ASARM Peptides Control Extracellular Matrix Mineralization by Binding to Hydroxyapatite - An Inhibition Regulated by PHEX Cleavage of ASARM. J Bone Miner Res 23: 1638-1649.
62. Boukpessi T, Gaucher C, Leger T, Salmon B, Le Faouder J, et al. (2010) Abnormal presence of the matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein-derived acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif peptide in human hypophosphatemic dentin. Am J Pathol 177: 803-812.
63. Staines KA, Mackenzie NC, Clarkin CE, Zelenchuk L, Rowe PS, et al. (2012) MEPE is a novel regulator of growth plate cartilage mineralization. Bone 51: 418-430.
64. Rowe PS, Matsumoto N, Jo OD, Shih RN, Oconnor J, et al. (2006) Correction of the mineralization defect in hyp mice treated with protease inhibitors CA074 and pepstatin. Bone 39: 773-786. (Pubitemid 44335882)
65. Rowe PS, Liu S, Vierthaler L, Zhou J, Quarles LD (2007) Phosphorylated acidic serine-aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif peptide from matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein inhibits phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X-chromosome enzyme activity. J Endocrinol 192: 261-267 (PR and SL Joint first authors). (Pubitemid 46444416)
66. Martin A, David V, Laurence JS, Schwarz PM, Lafer EM, et al. (2008) Degradation of MEPE, DMP1, and release of SIBLING ASARM-peptides (minhibins): ASARM-peptide(s) are directly responsible for defective mineralization in HYP. Endocrinology 149: 1757-1772. (Pubitemid 351468353)
67. Rowe PS (2012) Regulation of Bone-Renal Mineral and Energy Metabolism: The PHEX, FGF23, DMP1, MEPE ASARM Pathway. Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression 22: 61-86.
68. Lorenz-Depiereux B, Bastepe M, Benet-Pages A, Amyere M, Wagenstaller J, et al. (2006) DMP1 mutations in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia implicate a bone matrix protein in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis. Nat Genet 38: 1248-1250. (Pubitemid 44646286)
69. Feng JQ, Ward LM, Liu S, Lu Y, Xie Y, et al. (2006) Loss of DMP1 causes rickets and osteomalacia and identifies a role for osteocytes in mineral metabolism. Nat Genet 38: 1310-1315. (Pubitemid 44646294)
70. Boukpessi T, Septier D, Bagga S, Garabedian M, Goldberg M, et al. (2006) Dentin alteration of deciduous teeth in human hypophosphatemic rickets. Calcif Tissue Int 79: 294-300. (Pubitemid 44900152)
71. Boskey AL, Chiang P, Fermanis A, Brown J, Taleb H, et al. (2010) MEPE's Diverse Effects on Mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 86: 42-46.
72. Rafaelsen SH, Raeder H, Fagerheim AK, Knappskog P, Carpenter TO, et al. (2013) Exome sequencing reveals FAM20c mutations associated with fibroblast growth factor 23-related hypophosphatemia, dental anomalies, and ectopic calcification. J Bone Miner Res 28: 1378-1385.
73. Wang X, Wang S, Li C, Gao T, Liu Y, et al. (2012) Inactivation of a novel FGF23 regulator, FAM20C, leads to hypophosphatemic rickets in mice. PLoS Genet 8: e1002708.
74. Vogel P, Hansen GM, Read RW, Vance RB, Thiel M, et al. (2012) Amelogenesis Imperfecta and Other Biomineralization Defects in Fam20a and Fam20c Null Mice. Veterinary pathology 49: 998-1017.
75. Tagliabracci VS, Engel JL, Wen J, Wiley SE, Worby CA, et al. (2012) Secreted kinase phosphorylates extracellular proteins that regulate biomineralization. Science 336: 1150-1153.
76. Ranch D, Zhang MY, Portale AA, Perwad F (2011) Fibroblast growth factor 23 regulates renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and phosphate metabolism via the MAP kinase signaling pathway in Hyp mice. Journal of bone and mineral research 26: 1883-1890.
77. Yuan B, Feng JQ, Bowman S, Liu Y, Blank RD, et al. (2013) Hexa-D-Arginine treatment increases 7B2*PC2 activity in hyp-mouse osteoblasts and rescues the HYP phenotype. Journal of bone and mineral research 28: 56-72.
78. Fujiwara I, Aravindan R, Horst RL, Drezner MK (2003) Abnormal regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity in X-linked hypophosphatemia: a translational or post-translational defect. J Bone Miner Res 18: 434-442. (Pubitemid 36241059)
79. Azam N, Zhang MY, Wang X, Tenenhouse HS, Portale AA (2003) Disordered regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase gene expression by phosphorus in X-linked hypophosphatemic (hyp) mice. Endocrinology 144: 3463-3468. (Pubitemid 36904423)
80. Eleftheriadis T, Antoniadi G, Pissas G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I (2013) The renal endothelium in diabetic nephropathy. Ren Fail 35: 592-599.
81. Tarr JM, Kaul K, Chopra M, Kohner EM, Chibber R (2013) Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. ISRN Ophthalmol 2013: 343560.
82. Millan JL (2012) The Role of Phosphatases in the Initiation of Skeletal Mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 93: 299-306.
83. Saito T, Shimizu Y, Hori M, Taguchi M, Igarashi T, et al. (2011) A patient with hypophosphatemic rickets and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament caused by a novel homozygous mutation in ENPP1 gene. Bone Epub PMID:21745613.
84. Lorenz-Depiereux B, Schnabel D, Tiosano D, Hausler G, Strom TM (2010) Loss-of-Function ENPP1 Mutations Cause Both Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy and Autosomal-Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets. Am J Hum Genet 86: 267-272.
85. Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, et al. (2007) Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell 130: 456-469. (Pubitemid 47208519)
86. Abate N, Chandalia M, Di Paola R, Foster DW, Grundy SM, et al. (2006) Mechanisms of disease: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 as a 'gatekeeper' of insulin receptors. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2: 694-701. (Pubitemid 44901190)
87. Dong H, Maddux BA, Altomonte J, Meseck M, Accili D, et al. (2005) Increased hepatic levels of the insulin receptor inhibitor, PC-1/NPP1, induce insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Diabetes 54: 367-372.
88. Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V (2009) Insulin signaling regulating genes: effect on T2DM and cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 5: 682-693.
89. de Lorenzo C, Greco A, Fiorentino TV, Mannino GC, Hribal ML (2013) Variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor genes in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities. Int J Genomics 2013: 376454.
90. McManaman JL, Bales ES, Orlicky DJ, Jackman M, Maclean PS, et al. (2013) Perilipin-2 Null Mice are Protected Against Diet-Induced Obesity, Adipose Inflammation and Fatty Liver Disease. J Lipid Res 54: 1346-1359.
91. Billaudel B, Barakat L, Faure-Dussert A (1998) Vitamin D3 deficiency and alterations of glucose metabolism in rat endocrine pancreas. Diabetes Metab 24: 344-350. (Pubitemid 28453160)
92. Hesse M, Frohlich LF, Zeitz U, Lanske B, Erben RG (2007) Ablation of vitamin D signaling rescues bone, mineral, and glucose homeostasis in Fgf-23 deficient mice. Matrix Biol 26: 20.
93. Tiosano D, Schwartz Y, Braver Y, Hadash A, Gepstein V, et al. (2011) The renin-angiotensin system, blood pressure, and heart structure in patients with hereditary vitamin D-resistance rickets (HVDRR). Journal of bone and mineral research 26: 2252-2260.
94. Zeitz U, Weber K, Soegiarto DW, Wolf E, Balling R, et al. (2003) Impaired insulin secretory capacity in mice lacking a functional vitamin D receptor. Faseb J 17: 509-511.
95. Haap M, Heller E, Thamer C, Tschritter O, Stefan N, et al. (2006) Association of serum phosphate levels with glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in non-diabetic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 60: 734-739. (Pubitemid 43842228)
96. Kalaitzidis R, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E, Siamopoulos KC, Elisaf M (2005) Disturbances of phosphate metabolism: another feature of metabolic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 45: 851-858. (Pubitemid 43181044)
97. Xie W, Tran TL, Finegood DT, van de Werve G (2000) Dietary P(i) deprivation in rats affects liver cAMP, glycogen, key steps of gluconeogenesis and glucose production. Biochem J 352 Pt 1: 227-232.
98. Paula FJ, Plens AE, Foss MC (1998) Effects of hypophosphatemia on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Horm Metab Res 30: 281-284. (Pubitemid 28267203)
99. Ditzel J, Lervang HH (2009) Disturbance of inorganic phosphate metabolism in diabetes mellitus: temporary therapeutic intervention trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2: 173-177.
100. Cade C, Norman AW (1986) Vitamin D3 improves impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in the vitamin D-deficient rat in vivo. Endocrinology 119: 84-90. (Pubitemid 16100711)
101. Cade C, Norman AW (1987) Rapid normalization/stimulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the vitamin D-deficient rat. Endocrinology 120: 1490-1497. (Pubitemid 17054005)
102. Hruska KA, Rifas L, Cheng SL, Gupta A, Halstead L, et al. (1995) X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and the murine Hyp homologue. AmJPhysiol 268: F357-F362.
103. DeFronzo RA, Lang R (1980) Hypophosphatemia and glucose intolerance: evidence for tissue insensitivity to insulin. N Engl J Med 303: 1259-1263. (Pubitemid 11194149)
104. Massry SG, Fadda GZ, Zhou XJ, Chandrasoma P, Cheng L, et al. (1991) Impaired insulin secretion of aging: role of renal failure and hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 40: 662-667.
105. Joshi A, Varthakavi P, Chadha M, Bhagwat N (2013) A study of bone mineral density and its determinants in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Osteoporos 2013: 397814.
106. Lee B, Shao J (2013) Adiponectin and energy homeostasis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord.
107. Staines KA, Zhu D, Farquharson C, Macrae VE (2013) Identification of novel regulators of osteoblast matrix mineralization by time series transcriptional profiling. J Bone Miner Metab [Epub ahead of print]: PMID:23925391.
108. Kanazawa I, Yamaguchi T, Yano S, Yamauchi M, Yamamoto M, et al. (2007) Adiponectin and AMP kinase activator stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. BMC Cell Biol 8: 51.
109. Zhou XJ, Fadda GZ, Perna AF, Massry SG (1991) Phosphate depletion impairs insulin secretion by pancreatic islets. Kidney Int 39: 120-128.
110. Xie W, Li Y, Mechin MC, Van De Werve G (1999) Up-regulation of liver glucose-6-phosphatase in rats fed with a P(i)-deficient diet. Biochem J 343 Pt 2: 393-396. (Pubitemid 29511773)
111. Trinh KY, O'Doherty RM, Anderson P, Lange AJ, Newgard CB (1998) Perturbation of fuel homeostasis caused by overexpression of the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit in liver of normal rats. J Biol Chem 273: 31615-31620. (Pubitemid 28533186)
112. Tiwari S, Singh RS, Li L, Tsukerman S, Godbole M, et al. (2013) Deletion of the insulin receptor in the proximal tubule promotes hyperglycemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 24: 1209-1214.
113. Haglin L (2001) Hypophosphataemia: cause of the disturbed metabolism in the metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 56: 657-663.
114. Allon M (1992) Effects of insulin and glucose on renal phosphate reabsorption: interactions with dietary phosphate. J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 1593-1600.
115. Hale LJ, Coward RJ (2013) Insulin signalling to the kidney in health and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 124: 351-370.
116. Marsenic O (2009) Glucose control by the kidney: an emerging target in diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis 53: 875-883.
117. Gerich JE, Meyer C, Woerle HJ, Stumvoll M (2001) Renal gluconeogenesis: its importance in human glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Care 24: 382-391. (Pubitemid 32119142)
118. Wojcik M, Dolezal-Oltarzewska K, Janus D, Drozdz D, Sztefko K, et al. (2012) FGF23 contributes to insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents - preliminary results. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 77: 537-540.
119. Wojcik M, Janus D, Dolezal-Oltarzewska K, Drozdz D, Sztefko K, et al. (2012) The association of FGF23 levels in obese adolescents with insulin sensitivity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 25: 687-690.
120. Levi E, Fadda GZ, Ozbasli C, Massry SG (1992) Evolution of metabolic and functional derangements of pancreatic islets in phosphate depletion. Endocrinology 131: 2182-2188.
121. Travis SF, Sugerman HJ, Ruberg RL, Dudrick SJ, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, et al. (1971) Alterations of red-cell glycolytic intermediates and oxygen transport as a consequence of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. N Engl J Med 285: 763-768.
122. Hettleman BD, Sabina RL, Drezner MK, Holmes EW, Swain JL (1983) Defective adenosine triphosphate synthesis. An explanation for skeletal muscle dysfunction in phosphate-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 72: 582-589. (Pubitemid 13051318)
123. Sabina RL, Drezner MK, Holmes EW (1982) Reduced renal cortical ribonucleoside triphosphate pools in three different hypophosphatemic animal models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 109: 649-655. (Pubitemid 13143734)
124. Ferron M, Wei J, Yoshizawa T, Del Fattore A, DePinho RA, et al. (2010) Insulin signaling in osteoblasts integrates bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Cell 142: 296-308.
125. Wu YY, Yu T, Zhang XH, Liu YS, Li F, et al. (2012) 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits the deleterious effects induced by high glucose on osteoblasts through undercarboxylated osteocalcin and insulin signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 132: 112-119.
126. Kode A, Mosialou I, Silva BC, Joshi S, Ferron M, et al. (2012) FoxO1 protein cooperates with ATF4 protein in osteoblasts to control glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 287: 8757-8768.
127. Li Q, Guo H, Chou DW, Berndt A, Sundberg JP, et al. (2013) Mutant Enpp1asj mice as a model for generalized arterial calcification of infancy. Dis Model Mech 6: 1227-1235.
128. Mackenzie NC, Zhu D, Milne EM, van't Hof R, Martin A, et al. (2012) Altered bone development and an increase in FGF-23 expression in Enpp1(-/-) mice. PLoS One 7: e32177.
129. Huitema LF, Apschner A, Logister I, Spoorendonk KM, Bussmann J, et al. (2012) Entpd5 is essential for skeletal mineralization and regulates phosphate homeostasis in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109: 21372-21377.
130. Sortica DA, Crispim D, Zaffari GP, Friedman R, Canani LH (2011) The role of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 in diabetic nephropathy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 55: 677-685.
131. Pan W, Ciociola E, Saraf M, Tumurbaatar B, Tuvdendorj D, et al. (2011) Metabolic consequences of ENPP1 overexpression in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301: E901-911.
132. Jankowski M, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, et al. (2011) Expression of membrane-bound NPP-type ecto-phosphodiesterases in rat podocytes cultured at normal and high glucose concentrations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 416: 64-69.
133. Maddux BA, Chang YN, Accili D, McGuinness OP, Youngren JF, et al. (2006) Overexpression of the insulin receptor inhibitor PC-1/ENPP1 induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E746-749.
134. Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Youngren JF, Reaven G, Accili D, et al. (2008) The role of membrane glycoprotein plasma cell antigen 1/ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and related abnormalities. Endocr Rev 29: 62-75. (Pubitemid 351252747)
135. Ishikawa HO, Xu A, Ogura E, Manning G, Irvine KD (2012) The Raine syndrome protein FAM20C is a Golgi kinase that phosphorylates biomineralization proteins. PLoS One 7: e42988.
136. Tagliabracci A, Engel JL, Wiley SE, Xiao J, Gonzalez DJ, et al. (2014) Dynamic regulation of FGF23 by Fam20C phosphorylation, GalNAc-T3 glycosylation, and furin proteolysis. PNAS EPub Online.
137. Yancovitch A, Hershkovitz D, Indelman M, Galloway P, Whiteford M, et al. (2011) Novel mutations in GALNT3 causing hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 29: 621-625.
138. Hirao M, Hashimoto J, Yamasaki N, Ando W, Tsuboi H, et al. (2007) Oxygen tension is an important mediator of the transformation of osteoblasts to osteocytes. J Bone Miner Metab 25: 266-276. (Pubitemid 47283266)
139. Bonewald LF (2002) Osteocytes: a proposed multifunctional bone cell. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2: 239-241.
140. David V, Martin A, Hedge AM, Rowe PS (2009) Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) is a new bone renal hormone and vascularization modulator. Endocrinology 150: 4012-4023.
141. Yuan B, Takaiwa M, Clemens TL, Feng JQ, Kumar R, et al. (2008) Aberrant Phex function in osteoblasts and osteocytes alone underlies murine X-linked hypophosphatemia. J Clin Invest 118: 722-734. (Pubitemid 351206560)
142. Alexander MC, Lomanto M, Nasrin N, Ramaika C (1988) Insulin stimulates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression through cis-acting DNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5092-5096.
143. Alexander-Bridges M, Dugast I, Ercolani L, Kong XF, Giere L, et al. (1992) Multiple insulin-responsive elements regulate transcription of the GAPDH gene. Adv Enzyme Regul 32: 149-159.
144. Nesbitt T, Byun JK, Drezner MK (1996) Normal phosphate transport in cells from the S2 and S3 segments of Hyp-mouse proximal renal tubules. Endocrinology 137: 943-948.
145. Roobol A, Alleyne GA (1973) Regulation of renal gluconeogenesis by calcium ions, hormones and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. Biochem J 134: 157-165.
146. Kurokawa K, Rasmussen H (1973) Ioni control of renal gluconeogenesis. I. The interrelated effect of calcium and hydrogen ions. Biochim Biophys Acta 313: 17-31.
147. Gaucher C, Boukpessi T, Septier D, Jehan F, Rowe PS, et al. (2009) Dentin noncollagenous matrix proteins in familial hypophosphatemic rickets. Cells Tissues Organs 189: 219-223.
148. Opsahl Vital S, Gaucher C, Bardet C, Rowe PS, George A, et al. (2012) Tooth dentin defects reflect genetic disorders affecting bone mineralization. Bone 50: 989-997.
149. Ralser M, Wamelink MM, Kowald A, Gerisch B, Heeren G, et al. (2007) Dynamic rerouting of the carbohydrate flux is key to counteracting oxidative stress. J Biol 6: 10.
150. Agarwal AR, Zhao L, Sancheti H, Sundar IK, Rahman I, et al. (2012) Short-term cigarette smoke exposure induces reversible changes in energy metabolism and cellular redox status independent of inflammatory responses in mouse lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 303: L889-898.
151. Magne J, Aminoff A, Perman Sundelin J, Mannila MN, Gustafsson P, et al. (2013) The minor allele of the missense polymorphism Ser251Pro in perilipin 2 (PLIN2) disrupts an alpha-helix, affects lipolysis, and is associated with reduced plasma triglyceride concentration in humans. FASEB J 27: 3090-3099.
152. McIntosh AL, Senthivinayagam S, Moon KC, Gupta S, Lwande JS, et al. (2012) Direct interaction of Plin2 with lipids on the surface of lipid droplets: a live cell FRET analysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 303: C728-742.
153. Bickel PE, Tansey JT, Welte MA (2009) PAT proteins, an ancient family of lipid droplet proteins that regulate cellular lipid stores. Biochim Biophys Acta 1791: 419-440.
154. Quinones Galvan A, Natali A, Baldi S, Frascerra S, Sanna G, et al. (1995) Effect of insulin on uric acid excretion in humans. Am J Physiol 268: E1-5.
155. Facchini F, Chen YD, Hollenbeck CB, Reaven GM (1991) Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration. JAMA 266: 3008-3011.
156. Bedir A, Topbas M, Tanyeri F, Alvur M, Arik N (2003) Leptin might be a regulator of serum uric acid concentrations in humans. Jpn Heart J 44: 527-536. (Pubitemid 41518990)
157. de Oliveira EP, Burini RC (2012) High plasma uric acid concentration: causes and consequences. Diabetol Metab Syndr 4: 12.
158. Fruehwald-Schultes B, Peters A, Kern W, Beyer J, Pfutzner A (1999) Serum leptin is associated with serum uric acid concentrations in humans. Metabolism 48: 677-680. (Pubitemid 29277635)
159. Osgood K, Krakoff J, Thearle M (2013) Serum Uric Acid Predicts Both Current and Future Components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 11: 157-162.
160. Mangge H, Zelzer S, Puerstner P, Schnedl WJ, Reeves G, et al. (2013) Uric acid best predicts metabolically unhealthy obesity with increased cardiovascular risk in youth and adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21: E71-77.
161. Lanaspa MA, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Choi YJ, Cicerchi C, Kanbay M, et al. (2012) Uric acid induces hepatic steatosis by generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress: potential role in fructose-dependent and -independent fatty liver. J Biol Chem 287: 40732-40744.
162. Rowe PS, Kumagai Y, Gutierrez G, Garrett IR, Blacher R, et al. (2004) MEPE has the properties of an osteoblastic phosphatonin and minhibin. Bone 34: 303-319. (Pubitemid 38177612)
163. Pfaffl MW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in realtime RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29: e45.