Cancer biology in diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 251-264

  Sen, Shi ^a,b   He, Yanzheng ^b   Koya, Daisuke ^a   Kanasaki, Keizo ^a  

^a KANAZAWA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b SOUTHWEST MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Antidiabetic drugs; Cancer; Diabetes

Indexed keywords

GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; INCRETIN; INSULIN; INSULIN DERIVATIVE; METFORMIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG EFFECT; GLUCOSE UTILIZATION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN TREATMENT; METABOLIC DISORDER; NEOPLASM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 84899924933     PISSN: 20401116     EISSN: 20401124     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12208     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. Srokowski TP, Fang S, Hortobagyi GN, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on complications and outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 2170-2176.
2. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, et al. Longtermall-causemortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2008; 300: 2754-2764.
3. Coughlin SS, Calle EE, Teras LR, et al. Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159: 1160-1167.
4. Nicolucci A. Epidemiological aspects of neoplasms in diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47: 87-95.
5. Onishi S, Takemoto M, Ishikawa T, et al. Japanese diabetic patients with Werner syndrome exhibit high incidence of cancer. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49: 259-260.
6. Tseng CH. Diabetes and risk of bladder cancer: a study using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 2009-2015.
7. Tseng CH. Diabetes and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: analyses of prevalence and annual incidence in 2005 using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 153-158.
8. Arcidiacono B, Iiritano S, Nocera A, et al. Insulin resistance and cancer risk: an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Exp Diabetes Res 2012; 2012: 789174.
9. Tseng CH. Diabetes, metformin use, and colon cancer: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 167: 409-416.
10. Tseng CH. Diabetes, insulin use, smoking, and pancreatic cancer mortality in Taiwan. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50: 879-886.
11. Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Otani T, et al. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of cancer: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1871-1877.
12. Currie CJ, Poole CD, Gale EA. The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1766-1777.
13. Chodick G, Heymann AD, Rosenmann L, et al. Diabetes and risk of incident cancer: a large population-based cohort study in Israel. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21: 879-887.
14. Veneri D, Franchini M, Bonora E. Imatinib and regression of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1049-1050.
15. Breccia M, Muscaritoli M, Alimena G. Reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin with stable insulin levels in a diabetic patient with chronic myeloid leukemia responsive to imatinib. Haematologica 2005; 90: 61.
16. Kasuga M, Ueki K, Tajima N, et al. Report of the Japan Diabetes Society/Japanese Cancer Association joint committee on diabetes and cancer. Cancer Sci 2013; 104: 965-976.
17. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94: 311-321.
18. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 64-71.
19. Kasper JS, Giovannucci E. A meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15: 2056-2062.
20. Leitzmann MF, Ahn J, Albanes D, et al. Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Cancer Causes Control 2008; 19: 1267-1276.
21. Waters KM, Henderson BE, Stram DO, et al. Association of diabetes with prostate cancer risk in the multiethnic cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169: 937-945.
22. Zendehdel K, Nyren O, Ostenson CG, et al. Cancer incidence in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 1797-1800.
23. Swerdlow AJ, Laing SP, Qiao Z, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes: a UK cohort study. Br J Cancer 2005; 92: 2070-2075.
24. Stevens RJ, Roddam AW, Beral V. Pancreatic cancer in type 1 and young-onset diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2007; 96: 507-509.
25. Shebl FM, Andreotti G, Rashid A, et al. Diabetes in relation to biliary tract cancer and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. Br J Cancer 2010; 103: 115-119.
26. Giovannucci E, Harlan DM, Archer MC, et al. Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1674-1685.
27. LeRoith D. Chapter 3 in Insulin-like Growth Factors and Cancer: From Basic Biology to Therapeutics. Springer, New York, 2011.
28. Levine AJ, Puzio-Kuter AM. The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Science 2010; 330: 1340-1344.
29. Peterson CW, Ayer DE. An extended Myc network contributes to glucose homeostasis in cancer and diabetes. Front Biosci 2011; 17: 2206-2223.
30. Paz-Filho G, Lim EL, Wong ML, et al. Associations between adipokines and obesity-related cancer. Front Biosci 2011; 16: 1634-1650.
31. DeBerardinis RJ, Cheng T. Q's next: the diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism, cell biology and cancer. Oncogene 2010; 29: 313-324.
32. Shu X, Ji J, Li X, et al. Cancer risk among patients hospitalized for type 1 diabetes mellitus:a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Diabet Med 2010; 27: 791-797.
33. Wang C, Wang X, Gong G, et al. Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Cancer 2012; 130: 1639-1648.
34. Ren HB, Yu T, Liu C, et al. Diabetes mellitus and increased risk of biliary tract cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22: 837-847.
35. Ben Q, Xu M, Ning X, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47: 1928-1937.
36. Ge Z, Ben Q, Qian J, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23: 1127-1135.
37. Jiang Y, Ben Q, Shen H, et al. Diabetes mellitus and incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26: 863-876.
38. Larsson SC, Wolk A. Diabetes mellitus and incidence of kidney cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 1013-1018.
39. Castillo JJ, Mull N, Reagan JL, et al. Increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: a meta analysis of observational studies. Blood 2012; 119: 4845-4850.
40. Liao S, Li J, We W, et al. Association between diabetes mellitus and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the literature. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12: 1061-1065.
41. Kitahara CM, Platz EA, Beane Freeman LE, et al. Physical activity, diabetes, and thyroid cancer risk: a pooled analysis of five prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23: 463-471.
42. Bjornadal L, Lofstrom B, Yin L, et al. Increased cancer incidence in a Swedish cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2002; 31: 66-71.
43. Bernatsky S, Boivin JF, Joseph L, et al. An international cohort study of cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 1481-1490.
44. Mellemkjaer L, Linet MS, Gridley G, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer risk. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32: 1753-1757.
45. Gordon-Dseagu VL, Shelton N, Mindell JS, et al. Epidemiological evidence of a relationship between type-1 diabetes mellitus and cancer: a review of the existing literature. Int J Cancer 2013; 132: 501-508.
46. Novosyadlyy R, Lann DE, Vijayakumar A, et al. Insulin-mediated acceleration of breast cancer development and progression in a nonobese model of type 2 diabetes. Cancer Res 2010; 70: 741-751.
47. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1625-1638.
48. Vigneri P, Frasca F, Sciacca L, et al. Diabetes and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009; 16: 1103-1123.
49. Wu Y, Brodt P, Sun H, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I regulates the liver microenvironment in obese mice and promotes liver metastasis. Cancer Res 2010; 70: 57-67.
50. Erion DM, Shulman GI. Diacylglycerol-mediated insulin resistance. Nat Med 2010; 16: 400-402.
51. Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism. Lancet 2010; 375: 2267-2277.
52. Rosse C, Linch M, Kermorgant S, et al. PKC and the control of localized signal dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010; 11: 103-112.
53. Adami HO, McLaughlin J, Ekbom A, et al. Cancer risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cancer Causes Control 1991; 2: 307-314.
54. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, et al. A case-control study of diabetes mellitus and cancer risk. Br J Cancer 1994; 70: 950-953.
55. OMara BA, Byers T, Schoenfeld E. Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk: a multisite case-control study. J Chronic Dis 1985; 38: 435-441.
56. Wideroff L, Gridley G, Mellemkjaer L, et al. Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of patients hospitalized with diabetes mellitus in Denmark. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89: 1360-1365.
57. Shoff SM, Newcomb PA. Diabetes, body size, and risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148: 234-240.
58. Weiderpass E, Persson I, Adami HO, et al. Body size in different periods of life, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and risk of postmenopausal endometrial cancer (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11: 185-192.
59. Hemkens LG, Grouven U, Bender R, et al. Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues: a cohort study. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1732-1744.
60. Mannucci E, Monami M, Balzi D, et al. Doses of insulin and its analogues and cancer occurrence in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1997-2003.
61. Lind M, Fahlen M, Eliasson B, et al. The relationship between the exposure time of insulin glargine and risk of breast and prostate cancer: an observational study of the time-dependent effects of antidiabetic treatments in patients with diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2012; 6: 53-59.
62. Kurtzhals P, Schaffer L, Sørensen A, et al. Correlations of receptor binding and metabolic and mitogenic potencies of insulin analogs designed for clinical use. Diabetes 2000; 49: 999-1005.
63. Weinstein D, Simon M, Yehezkel E, et al. Insulin analogues display IGF-I-like mitogenic and anti-apoptotic activities in cultured cancer cells. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25: 41-49.
64. Mayer D, Chantelau E. Treatment with insulin glargine (Lantus) increases the proliferative potency of the serum of patients with type-1 diabetes: a pilot study on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2010; 116: 73-78.
65. Teng JA, Hou RL, Li DL, et al. Glargine promotes proliferation of breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 via AKT activation. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43: 519-523.
66. Li WG, Yuan YZ, Qiao MM, et al. High dose glargine alters the expression profiles of microRNAs in pancreatic cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 2630-2639.
67. Jonasson JM, Ljung R, Talback M, et al. Insulin glargine use and short-term incidence of malignancies-a population-based follow-up study in Sweden. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1745-1754.
68. Pocock SJ, Smeeth L. Insulin glargine and malignancy: an unwarranted alarm. Lancet 2009; 374: 511-513.
69. Vigneri R. Diabetes: diabetes therapy and cancer risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009; 5: 651-652.
70. Nagel JM, Mansmann U, Wegscheider K, et al. Insulin resistance and increased risk for malignant neoplasms: confounding of the data on insulin glargine. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 206-208.
71. Simon D. Diabetes treatment with insulin glargine and risk of malignancy: methodological pitfalls and ethical issues. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 204-205.
72. Blin P, Lassalle R, Dureau-Pournin C, et al. Insulin glargine and risk of cancer: a cohort study in the French National Healthcare. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 644-653.
73. Tang X, Yang L, He Z, et al. Insulin glargine and cancer risk in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e51814.
74. The ORIGIN Trial Investigators, Gerstein HC, Bosch J, et al. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 319-328.
75. Stammberger I, Essermeant L. Insulin glargine: a reevaluation of rodent carcinogenicity findings. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31: 137-142.
76. Muller K, Weidinger C, Fuhrer D. Insulin glargine and insulin have identical effects on proliferation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signalling in rat thyrocytes and human follicular thyroid cancer cells. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 1001-1003.
77. Ruiter R, Visser LE, van Herk-Sukel MP, et al. Risk of cancer in patients on insulin glargine and other insulin analogues in comparison with those on human insulin: results from a large population-based follow-up study. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 51-62.
78. Martin-Latry K, Begaud B. Pharmacoepidemiological research using French reimbursement databases: yes we can!. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19: 256-265.
79. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Update to ongoing safety review of Lantus (insulin glargine) and possible risk of cancer [Internet]. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm239376.htm [Accessed 21 October 2011].
80. European Medicines Agency update on safety of insulin glarginedupdate [Internet]. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2009/11/news_detail_000066.jspandmurl=menus/news_and_events/news_and_events.jspandmid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1 [Accessed 21 October 2011 (30, 31)].
81. Zinman B. Newer insulin analogs: advances in basal insulin replacement. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15: 6-10.
82. Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Veugelers P, et al. Increased cancer-related mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes who use sulfonylureas or insulin. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 254-258.
83. Monami M, Balzi D, Lamanna C, et al. Are sulphonylureas all the same? A cohort study on cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23: 479-484.
84. Monami M, Lamanna C, Balzi D, et al. Sulphonylureas and cancer: a case-control study. Acta Diabetol 2009; 46: 279-284.
85. Chang CH, Lin JW, Wu LC, et al. Oral insulin secretagogues, insulin, and cancer risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: E1170-5.
86. van Staa TP, Patel D, Gallagher A, et al. Glucose-lowering agents and the patterns of risk for cancer: a study with the general practice research database and secondary care data. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 654-665.
87. Evans JM, Donnelly LA, Emslie-Smith AM, et al. Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. BMJ 2005; 330: 1304-1305.
88. Libby G, Donnelly LA, Donnan PT, et al. New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 1620-1625.
89. Stevens RJ, Ali R, Bankhead CR, et al. Cancer outcomes and all-cause mortality in adults allocated to metformin: systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 2593-2603.
90. El-Mir V, Nogueira E, Fontaine E, et al. Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 223-228.
91. Shaw RJ, Lamia KA, Vasquez D, et al. The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. Science 2005; 310: 1642-1646.
92. Dowling RJ, Zakikhan M, Fantus IG, et al. Metformin inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent translation initiation in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 10804-10812.
93. Shackelford DB, Shaw RJ. The LKB1-AMPK pathway: metabolism and growth control in tumour suppression. Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9: 563-575.
94. Foretz M, Hebrard S, Leclerc J, et al. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state. J Clin Invest 2010; 120: 2355-2369.
95. Kalender A, Selvaraj A, Kim SY, et al. Metformin, independent of AMPK, inhibits mTORC1 in a rag GTPase-dependent manner. Cell Metab 2010; 11: 390-401.
96. Saeedi R, Parsons HL, Wambolt RB, et al. Metabolic actions of metformin in the heart can occur by AMPK-independent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294: 2497-2506.
97. Treins C, Murdaca J, Van Obberghen E, et al. AMPK activation inhibits the expression of HIF-1alpha induced by insulin and IGF-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 342: 1197-1202.
98. Anisimov VN, Berstein LM, Egormin PA, et al. Effect of metformin on life span and on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40: 685-693.
99. Buzzai M, Jones RG, Amaravadi RK, et al. Systemic treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin selectively impairs p53-deficient tumor cell growth. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 6745-6752.
100. Tomimoto A, Endo H, Sugiyama M, et al. Metformin suppresses intestinal polyp growth in ApcMin/+ mice. Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 2136-2141.
101. Pearce EL, Walsh MC, Cejas PJ, et al. Enhancing CD8 T-cell memory by modulating fatty acid metabolism. Nature 2009; 460: 103-107.
102. Kisfalvi K, Eibl G, Sinnett-Smith J, et al. Metformin disrupts crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptor and insulin receptor signaling systems and inhibits pancreatic cancer growth. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 6539-6545.
103. Hirsch HA, Iliopoulos D, Tsichlis PN, et al. Metformin selectively targets cancer stem cells, and acts together with chemotherapy to block tumor growth and prolong remission. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 7507-7511.
104. Green AS, Chapuis N, Maciel TT, et al. The LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway has tumor suppressor activity in acute myeloid leukemia through the repression of mTOR-dependent oncogenic mRNA translation. Blood 2010; 116: 4262-4273.
105. Dhahbi JM, Mote PL, Fahy GM, et al. Identification of potential caloric restriction mimetics by microarray profiling. Physiol Genomics 2005; 23: 343-350.
106. Merry BJ. Molecular mechanisms linking calorie restriction and longevity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34: 1340-1354.
107. Dhahbi JM, Kim HJ, Mote PL, et al. Temporal linkage between the phenotypic and genomic responses to caloric restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 5524-5529.
108. Phoenix KN, Vumbaca F, Fox MM, et al. Dietary energy availability affects primary and metastatic breast cancer and metformin efficacy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 123: 333-344.
109. Hadad S, Iwamoto T, Jordan L, et al. Evidence for biological effects of metformin in operable breast cancer: a pre-operative, window-of-opportunity, randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128: 783-794.
110. Niraula S, Dowling RJ, Ennis M, et al. Metformin in early breast cancer: a prospective window of opportunity neoadjuvant study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135: 821-830.
111. Bonann B, Puntoni M, Cazzaniga M, et al. Dual effect of metformin on breast cancer proliferation in a randomized presurgical trial. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 2593-2600.
112. Higurashi T, Takahash H, Endo H, et al. Metformin efficacy and safety for colorectal polyps: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2012; 12: 118.
113. Fasshauer M, Paschke R. Regulation of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 1594-1603.
114. Aiello A, Pandini G, Frasca F, et al. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce partial reversion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 4463-4475.
115. Motomura W, Okumura T, Takahashi N, et al. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by troglitazone inhibits cell growth through the increase of p27KiP1 in human. Pancreatic carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 5558-5564.
116. Motomura W, Takahashi N, Nagamine M, et al. Growth arrest by troglitazone is mediated by p27Kip1 accumulation, which results from dual inhibition of proteasome activity and Skp2 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2004; 108: 41-46.
117. Ferruzzi P, Ceni E, Tarocchi M, et al. Thiazolidinediones inhibit growth and invasiveness of the human adrenocortical cancer cell line H295R. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 1332-1339.
118. Belfiore A, Genua M, Malaguarnera R. PPAR-gamma Agonists and Their Effects on IGF-I Receptor Signaling: implications for Cancer. PPAR Res 2009; 2009: 830501.
119. Takahashi H, Fujita K, Fujisawa T, et al. Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity in esophageal carcinoma cells results in a drastic decrease of invasive properties. Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 854-860.
120. Nagamine M, Okumura T, Tanno S, et al. PPAR gamma ligand-induced apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism in human gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 338-343.
121. Cellai I, Petrangolini G, Tortoreto M, et al. In vivo effects of rosiglitazone in a human neuroblastoma xenograft. Br J Cancer 2010; 102: 685-692.
122. Luconi M, Mangoni M, Gelmini S, et al. Rosiglitazone impairs proliferation of human adrenocortical cancer: preclinical study in a xenograft mouse model. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010; 17: 169-177.
123. Biscetti F, Straface G, Pitocco D, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and angiogenesis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19: 751-759.
124. Bosetti C, Rosato V, Buniato D, et al. Cancer risk for patients using thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Oncologist 2013; 18: 148-156.
125. Govindarajan R, Ratnasinghe L, Simmons DL, et al. Thiazolidinediones and the risk of lung, prostate, and colon cancer in patients with diabetes. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 1476-1481.
126. Koro C, Barrett S, Qizilbash N. Cancer risks in thiazolidinedione users compared to other anti-diabetic agents. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16: 485-492.
127. Ramos-Nino ME, MacLean CD, Littenberg B. Association between cancer prevalence and use of thiazolidinediones: results from the Vermont Diabetes Information System. BMC Med 2007; 5: 17.
128. Chang CH, Lin JW, Wu LC, et al. Association of thiazolidinediones with liver cancer and colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hepatology 2012; 55: 1462-1472.
129. Monami M, Lamanna C, Marchionni N, et al. Rosiglitazone and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1455-1460.
130. Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2007; 298: 194-206.
131. Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV, Gier B, et al. Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 150-156.
132. Butler AE, Campbell-Thompson M, Gurlo T, et al. Marked expansion of exocrine and endocrine pancreas with incretin therapy in humans with increased exocrine pancreas dysplasia and the potential for glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumors. Diabetes 2013; 62: 2595-2604.
133. Morimoto C, Schlossman SF. The structure and function of CD26 in the T-cell immune response. Immunol Rev 1998; 161: 55-70.
134. Mayo KE, Miller LJ, Bataille D, et al. International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The glucagon receptor family. Pharmacol Rev 2003; 55: 167-194.
135. Christ E, Wild D, Forrer F, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor imaging for localization of insulinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 4398-4405.
136. Reubi JC, Waser B. Concomitant expression of several peptide receptors in neuroendocrine tumors as molecular basis for in vivo multireceptor tumor targeting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30: 781-793.
137. Reubi JC, Korner M, Waser B, et al. High expression of peptide receptors as a novel target in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31: 803-810.
138. Reubi JC, Laderach U, Waser B, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide receptor subtypes in human tumors and their tissues of origin. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 3105-3112.
139. Prabakaran D, Wang B, Feuerstein JD, et al. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide stimulates the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Regul Pept 2010; 163: 74-80.
140. Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Suzuki T, et al. Prolonged survival and decreased invasive activity attributable to dipeptidyl peptidase IV overexpression in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 2753-2757.
141. Inamoto T, Yamochi T, Ohnuma K, et al. Anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody-mediated G1-S arrest of human renal clear cell carcinoma Caki-2 is associated with retinoblastoma substrate dephosphorylation, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 reduction, p27 (kip1) enhancement, and disruption of binding to the extracellular matrix. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 3470-3477.
142. Sedo A, Stremenova J, Busek P, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and related molecules:markers of malignancy? Expert Opin Med Diagn 2008; 2: 1-13.
143. Kissow H, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism or DPP-4 inhibition does not accelerate neoplasia in carcinogen treated mice. Regul Pept 2012; 179: 91-100.
144. Femia AP, Raimondi L, Maglieri G, et al. Long-term treatment with Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, reduces colon carcinogenesis and reactive oxygen species in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rats. Int J Cancer 2013; 133: 2498-2503.
145. Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013; 3: 369.
146. Aoe K, Amatya VJ, Fujimoto N, et al. CD26 overexpression is associated with prolonged survival and enhanced chemosensitivity in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18: 1447-1456.
147. Arwert EN, Mentink RA, Driskell RR, et al. Upregulation of CD26 expression in epithelial cells and stromal cells during wound-induced skin tumour formation. Oncogene 2012; 31: 992-1000.
148. Bjerre Knudsen L, Madsen LW, Andersen S, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists activate rodent thyroid C-cells causing calcitonin release and C-cell proliferation. Endocrinology 2010; 151: 1473-1486.
149. Ligumsky H, Wolf I, Israeli S, et al. The peptide hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 activates cAMP and inhibits growth of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 132: 449-461.
150. Koehler JA, Kain T, Drucker DJ, et al. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor activation inhibits growth and augments apoptosis in Murine CT26 Colon cancer cells. Endocrinology 2011; 152: 3362-3372.
151. Labuzek K, Kozłowski M, Szkudłapski D, et al. Incretin-based therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes -More than meets the eye? Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24: 207-212.
152. Vangoitsenhoven R, Mathieu C, Van der Schueren B. GLP1 and cancer: friend or foe? Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19: 77-88.
153. Nyberg P, Xie L, Kalluri R. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 3967-3979.
154. Folkman J. Angiogenesis: an organizing principle for drug discovery? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6: 273-286.
155. Eichholz A, Merchant S, Gaya AM. Anti-angiogenesis therapies: their potential in cancer management. Onco Targets Ther 2010; 3: 69-82.
156. Josifova T, Schneider U, Henrich PB, et al. Eye disorders in diabetes: potential drug targets. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8: 70-75.
157. Virgili G, Parravano M, Menchini F, et al. Antiangiogenic therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor modalities for diabetic macular oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 12: 12.
158. Waltenberger J. Impaired collateral vessel development in diabetes: potential cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2001; 49: 554-560.
159. Martin A, Komada MR, Sane DC. Abnormal angiogenesis in diabetes mellitus. Med Res Rev 2003; 23: 117-145.
160. Waltenberger J. VEGF resistance as a molecular basis to explain the angiogenesis paradox in diabetes mellitus. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37: 1167-1170.
161. Yoon YS, Uchida S, Masuo O, et al. Progressive attenuation of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor expression is a seminal event in diabetic cardiomyopathy: restoration of microvascular homeostasis and recovery of cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy after replenishment of local vascular endothelial growth factor. Circulation 2005; 111: 2073-2085.
162. Rivard A, Silver M, Chen D, et al. Rescue of diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis by intramuscular gene therapy with adeno-VEGF. Am J Pathol 1999; 154: 355-363.
163. Nakagawa T, Kosugi T, Haneda M, et al. Abnormal angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2009; 58: 1471-1478.
164. Dehne N, Hintereder G, Brune B. High glucose concentrations attenuate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression and signaling in non-tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316: 1179-1189.
165. Lu H, Dalgard CL, Mohyeldin A, et al. Reversible inactivation of HIF-1 prolyl hydroxylases allows cell metabolism to control basal HIF-1. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 41928-41939.
166. Yun J, Rago C, Cheong I, et al. Glucose deprivation contributes to the development of KRAS pathway mutations in tumor cells. Science 2009; 325: 1555-1559.
167. Rothman DL, Shulman RG, Shulma GI. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of muscle glucose-6-phosphate. Evidence for reduced insulin-dependent muscle glucose transport or phosphorylation activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 1069-1075.
168. Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wang T, et al. High level glucose increases mutagenesis in human lymphoblastoid cells. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3: 375-379.
169. Le A, Lane AN, Hamaker M, et al. Glucose-independent glutamine metabolism via TCA cyclingfor proliferation and survival in B cells. Cell Metab 2012; 15: 110-121.
170. Yoo H, Antoniewicz MR, Stephanopoulos G, et al. Quantifying reductive carboxylation flux of glutamine to lipid in a brown adipocyte cell line. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 20621-20627.
171. Hamanaka RB, Chandel NS. Targeting glucose metabolism for cancer therapy. J Exp Med 2012; 209: 211-215.
172. Formentini L, Sanchez-Arago M, Sanchez-Cenizo L, et al. The mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory factor 1 triggers a ROS-mediated retrograde prosurvival and proliferative response. Mol Cell 2012; 45: 731-742.
173. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011; 144: 646.
174. Hanahan D, Coussens LM. Accessories to the crime: functions of cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2012; 21: 309.
175. Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010; 140: 883-899.
176. Karin M, Greten FR. NF-kappaB: linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5: 749-759.
177. Hahn MA, Hahn T, Lee DH, et al. Methylation of polycomb target genes in intestinal cancer is mediated by inflammation. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 10280-10289.
178. Meirovitz A, Goldberg R, Binder A, et al. Heparanase in inflammation and inflammation-associated cancer. FEBS J 2013; 280: 2307-2319.
179. Vlodavsky I, Beckhove P, Lerner I, et al. Significance of heparanase in cancer and inflammation. Cancer Microenviron 2012; 5: 115-132.
180. Ramani VC, Purushothaman A, Stewart MD, et al. The heparanase/syndecan-1 axis in cancer: mechanisms and therapies. FEBS J 2013; 280: 2294-2306.
181. Ziolkowski AF, Popp SK, Freeman C, et al. Heparan sulfate and heparanase play key roles in mouse beta cell survival and autoimmune diabetes. J Clin Invest 2012; 122: 132-141.
182. Gil N, Goldberg R, Neuman T, et al. Heparanase is essential for the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice. Diabetes 2012; 61: 208-216.
183. Park EJ, Lee JH, Yu GY, et al. Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression. Cell 2010; 140: 197-208.
184. Parish CR, Freeman C, Ziolkowski AF, et al. Unexpected new roles for heparanase in Type 1 diabetes and immune gene regulation. Matrix Biol 2013; 32: 228-233.