메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5 MAR, Issue , 2014, Pages

Ginseng ginsenoside pharmacology in the nervous system: Involvement in the regulation of ion channels and receptors

Author keywords

Ginseng; Ginsenosides; Interaction site(s); Ion channels and receptors; Nervous system

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; GINSENG EXTRACT; GINSENOSIDE; GINSENOSIDE RB 1; GINSENOSIDE RB 2; GINSENOSIDE RC; GINSENOSIDE RD; GINSENOSIDE RE; GINSENOSIDE RF; GINSENOSIDE RG 1; GINSENOSIDE RG 2; GINSENOSIDE RG 3; GINSENOSIDE RH 1; GINSENOSIDE RH 2; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; ION CHANNEL; LARGE CONDUCTANCE CALCIUM ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL ALPHA SUBUNIT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; POTASSIUM CHANNEL HERG; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KCNQ; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.4; PROTOPANAXADIOL; PROTOPANAXATRIOL; RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 3 RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VOLTAGE GATED CALCIUM CHANNEL; VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL; VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL;

EID: 84897939867     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664042X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00098     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (83)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 0028363285 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and malonylginsenoside Rb1 on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats
    • doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91042-1
    • Abe, K., Cho, S. I., Kitagawa, I., Nishiyama, N., and Saito, H. (1994). Differential effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and malonylginsenoside Rb1 on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats. Brain Res. 649, 7-11. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91042-1.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.649 , pp. 7-11
    • Abe, K.1    Cho, S.I.2    Kitagawa, I.3    Nishiyama, N.4    Saito, H.5
  • 2
    • 0036935635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channels of the cell membrane as targets of neuroprotective substances
    • doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0123-7_5
    • 2+ channels of the cell membrane as targets of neuroprotective substances. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 513, 161-181. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0123-7_5.
    • (2002) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.513 , pp. 161-181
    • Alzheimer, C.1
  • 3
    • 0344549853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
    • Attele, A. S., Wu, J. A., and Yuan, C. S. (1999). Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1685-1693. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9.
    • (1999) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.58 , pp. 1685-1693
    • Attele, A.S.1    Wu, J.A.2    Yuan, C.S.3
  • 4
    • 0142169482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological effects of ginseng and ginsenoside Re in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(03)02174-5
    • Bai, C. X., Sunami, A., Namiki, T., Sawanobori, T., and Furukawa, T. (2003). Electrophysiological effects of ginseng and ginsenoside Re in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 476, 35-44. doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(03)02174-5.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.476 , pp. 35-44
    • Bai, C.X.1    Sunami, A.2    Namiki, T.3    Sawanobori, T.4    Furukawa, T.5
  • 5
    • 3042820953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ current by ginsenoside Re, an ingredient of Panax ginseng, in guinea-pig cardiomyocytes
    • doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705814
    • 2+ current by ginsenoside Re, an ingredient of Panax ginseng, in guinea-pig cardiomyocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 142, 567-575. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705814.
    • (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.142 , pp. 567-575
    • Bai, C.X.1    Takahashi, K.2    Masumiya, H.3    Sawanobori, T.4    Furukawa, T.5
  • 6
    • 0032531818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium-a life and death signal
    • doi: 10.1038/27094
    • Berridge, M. J., Bootman, M. D., and Lipp, P. (1998). Calcium-a life and death signal. Nature 395, 645-668. doi: 10.1038/27094.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 645-668
    • Berridge, M.J.1    Bootman, M.D.2    Lipp, P.3
  • 7
    • 0026595812 scopus 로고
    • Unconventional pharmacology of a neuronal nicotinic receptor mutated in the channel domain
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1261
    • Bertrand, D., Devillers-Thiéry, A., Revah, F., Galzi, J. L., Hussy, N., Mulle, C., et al. (1992). Unconventional pharmacology of a neuronal nicotinic receptor mutated in the channel domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 1261-1265. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1261.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.89 , pp. 1261-1265
    • Bertrand, D.1    Devillers-Thiéry, A.2    Revah, F.3    Galzi, J.L.4    Hussy, N.5    Mulle, C.6
  • 8
    • 1942517931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels: lipophilic interactions at the intracellular mouth of the pore
    • doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055012
    • + channels: lipophilic interactions at the intracellular mouth of the pore. J. Physiol. 556, 109-120. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055012.
    • (2004) J. Physiol. , vol.556 , pp. 109-120
    • Bett, G.C.1    Rasmusson, R.L.2
  • 9
    • 0038707310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gamma2S subunit incorporation on GABAA receptor macroscopic kinetics
    • doi: 10.1016/S0028-3908(03)00114-X
    • Boileau, A. J., Li, T., Benkwitz, C., Czajkowski, C., and Pearce, R. A. (2003). Effects of gamma2S subunit incorporation on GABAA receptor macroscopic kinetics. Neuropharmacology 44, 1003-1012. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3908(03)00114-X.
    • (2003) Neuropharmacology , vol.44 , pp. 1003-1012
    • Boileau, A.J.1    Li, T.2    Benkwitz, C.3    Czajkowski, C.4    Pearce, R.A.5
  • 10
    • 0037069440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered kinetics and benzodiazepine sensitivity of a GABAA receptor subunit mutation [gamma 2(R43Q)] found in human epilepsy
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.212320199
    • Bowser, D. N., Wagner, D. A., Czajkowski, C., Cromer, B. A., Parker, M. W., Wallace, R. H., et al. (2002). Altered kinetics and benzodiazepine sensitivity of a GABAA receptor subunit mutation [gamma 2(R43Q)] found in human epilepsy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 15170-15175. doi: 10.1073/pnas.212320199.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.99 , pp. 15170-15175
    • Bowser, D.N.1    Wagner, D.A.2    Czajkowski, C.3    Cromer, B.A.4    Parker, M.W.5    Wallace, R.H.6
  • 11
    • 0030959309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtle changes in residue 77 of the gamma subunit of alpha1beta2gamma2 GABAA receptors drastically alter the affinity for ligands of the benzodiazepine binding site
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11799
    • Buhr, A., Baur, R., and Sigel, E. (1997). Subtle changes in residue 77 of the gamma subunit of alpha1beta2gamma2 GABAA receptors drastically alter the affinity for ligands of the benzodiazepine binding site. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 11799-117804. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11799.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 11799-117804
    • Buhr, A.1    Baur, R.2    Sigel, E.3
  • 12
    • 84875194097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebroprotective effects of red ginseng extract pretreatment against ischemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis
    • doi: 10.3109/00207454.2012.758120
    • Cheon, S. Y., Cho, K. J., Lee, J. E., Kim, H. W., Lee, S. K., Kim, H. J., et al. (2013). Cerebroprotective effects of red ginseng extract pretreatment against ischemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Int. J. Neurosci. 123, 269-277. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2012.758120.
    • (2013) Int. J. Neurosci. , vol.123 , pp. 269-277
    • Cheon, S.Y.1    Cho, K.J.2    Lee, J.E.3    Kim, H.W.4    Lee, S.K.5    Kim, H.J.6
  • 13
    • 0041308173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenosides on GABAA receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • doi: 10.1007/BF03179927
    • Choi, S. E., Choi, S., Lee, J. H., Whiting, P. J., Lee, S. M., and Nah, S. Y. (2003a). Effects of ginsenosides on GABAA receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26, 28-33. doi: 10.1007/BF03179927.
    • (2003) Arch. Pharm. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 28-33
    • Choi, S.E.1    Choi, S.2    Lee, J.H.3    Whiting, P.J.4    Lee, S.M.5    Nah, S.Y.6
  • 16
    • 77953289251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel currents through interacting with the K318 and V319 residues: a role of KCNE1 subunit
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.001
    • + channel currents through interacting with the K318 and V319 residues: a role of KCNE1 subunit. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 63, 138-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.001.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.63 , pp. 138-147
    • Choi, S.H.1    Shin, T.J.2    Lee, B.H.3    Chu, D.H.4    Choe, H.5    Pyo, M.K.6
  • 19
    • 0037012734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenosides, active components of ginseng, on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01508-X
    • Choi, S., Jung, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Sala, F., Criado, M., Mulet, J., et al. (2002). Effects of ginsenosides, active components of ginseng, on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 442, 37-45. doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01508-X.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.442 , pp. 37-45
    • Choi, S.1    Jung, S.Y.2    Lee, J.H.3    Sala, F.4    Criado, M.5    Mulet, J.6
  • 20
    • 0038178117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on the 5-HT3A receptor-mediated ion current in Xenopus oocytes
    • Choi, S., Lee, J. H., Oh, S., Rhim, H., Lee, S. M., and Nah, S. Y. (2003b). Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on the 5-HT3A receptor-mediated ion current in Xenopus oocytes. Mol. Cells 15, 108-113.
    • (2003) Mol. Cells , vol.15 , pp. 108-113
    • Choi, S.1    Lee, J.H.2    Oh, S.3    Rhim, H.4    Lee, S.M.5    Nah, S.Y.6
  • 21
    • 2042506662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + currents of the rabbit coronary artery smooth muscle cells
    • + currents of the rabbit coronary artery smooth muscle cells. J. Ginseng Res. 23, 230-234.
    • (1999) J. Ginseng Res. , vol.23 , pp. 230-234
    • Chung, I.1    Kim, N.D.2
  • 22
    • 36849059687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel activity in the smooth muscle of the rabbit coronary artery
    • + channel activity in the smooth muscle of the rabbit coronary artery. J. Ginseng Res. 23, 235-238.
    • (1999) J. Ginseng Res. , vol.23 , pp. 235-238
    • Chung, I.1    Lee, J.S.2
  • 23
    • 16644397663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels is regulated by extracellular charges
    • doi: 10.1529/biophysj.103.039073
    • + channels is regulated by extracellular charges. Biophys. J. 87, 2407-2418. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.103.039073.
    • (2004) Biophys. J. , vol.87 , pp. 2407-2418
    • Claydon, T.W.1    Makary, S.Y.2    Dibb, K.M.3    Boyett, M.R.4
  • 24
    • 39749173732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel-dependent amino acid neurotransmitter release in synaptic fractions isolated from mammalian brain
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.01.001
    • + channel-dependent amino acid neurotransmitter release in synaptic fractions isolated from mammalian brain. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 147, 351-356. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.01.001.
    • (2008) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.147 , pp. 351-356
    • Duan, Y.1    Nicholson, R.A.2
  • 26
    • 33751119582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Re, a main phytosterol of Panax ginseng, activates cardiac potassium channels via a nongenomic pathway of sex hormones
    • doi: 10.1124/mol.106.028134
    • Furukawa, T., Bai, C. X., Kaihara, A., Ozaki, E., Kawano, T., Nakaya, Y., et al. (2006). Ginsenoside Re, a main phytosterol of Panax ginseng, activates cardiac potassium channels via a nongenomic pathway of sex hormones. Mol. Pharmacol. 70, 1916-1924. doi: 10.1124/mol.106.028134.
    • (2006) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.70 , pp. 1916-1924
    • Furukawa, T.1    Bai, C.X.2    Kaihara, A.3    Ozaki, E.4    Kawano, T.5    Nakaya, Y.6
  • 27
    • 68349130498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional diversity of native brain neuronal nicotinic receptors
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.024
    • Gotti, C., Clementi, F., Fornari, A., Gaimarri, A., Guiducci, S., Manfredi, I., et al. (2009). Structural and functional diversity of native brain neuronal nicotinic receptors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 78, 703-711. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.024.
    • (2009) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.78 , pp. 703-711
    • Gotti, C.1    Clementi, F.2    Fornari, A.3    Gaimarri, A.4    Guiducci, S.5    Manfredi, I.6
  • 28
    • 65849509914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible protection by notoginsenoside R1 against glutamate neurotoxicity mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors composed of an NR1/NR2B subunit assembly
    • doi: 10.1002/jnr.22021
    • Gu, B., Nakamichi, N., Zhang, W. S., Nakamura, Y., Kambe, Y., Fukumori, R., et al. (2009). Possible protection by notoginsenoside R1 against glutamate neurotoxicity mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors composed of an NR1/NR2B subunit assembly. J. Neurosci. Res. 87, 2145-2156. doi: 10.1002/jnr.22021.
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 2145-2156
    • Gu, B.1    Nakamichi, N.2    Zhang, W.S.3    Nakamura, Y.4    Kambe, Y.5    Fukumori, R.6
  • 30
    • 20044390190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereospecificity of ginsenoside Rg3 action on ion channels
    • Jeong, S. M., Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, B. H., Yoon, I. S., Lee, J. H., et al. (2004). Stereospecificity of ginsenoside Rg3 action on ion channels. Mol. Cells 18, 383-389.
    • (2004) Mol. Cells , vol.18 , pp. 383-389
    • Jeong, S.M.1    Lee, J.H.2    Kim, J.H.3    Lee, B.H.4    Yoon, I.S.5    Lee, J.H.6
  • 31
    • 0033549275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation gating and 4-AP sensitivity in human brain Kv1.4 potassium channel
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01391-8
    • Judge, S. I., Monteiro, M. J., Yeh, J. Z., and Bever, C. T. (1999). Inactivation gating and 4-AP sensitivity in human brain Kv1.4 potassium channel. Brain Res. 831, 43-54. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01391-8.
    • (1999) Brain Res. , vol.831 , pp. 43-54
    • Judge, S.I.1    Monteiro, M.J.2    Yeh, J.Z.3    Bever, C.T.4
  • 33
    • 0034743421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of [3H]MK-801, [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam binding in rat brain by the prolonged ventricular infusion of ginsenoside Rc and Rg1
    • doi: 10.1006/phrs.2001.0809
    • Kim, H. S., Hwang, S. L., Nah, S. Y., and Oh, S. (2001). Changes of [3H]MK-801, [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam binding in rat brain by the prolonged ventricular infusion of ginsenoside Rc and Rg1. Pharmacol. Res. 43, 473-479. doi: 10.1006/phrs.2001.0809.
    • (2001) Pharmacol. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 473-479
    • Kim, H.S.1    Hwang, S.L.2    Nah, S.Y.3    Oh, S.4
  • 34
    • 0031597590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channels and membrane capacitance in rat adrenal chromaffin cells
    • doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00014-8
    • 2+ channels and membrane capacitance in rat adrenal chromaffin cells. Brain Res. Bull. 46, 245-251. doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00014-8.
    • (1998) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.46 , pp. 245-251
    • Kim, H.S.1    Lee, J.H.2    Goo, Y.S.3    Nah, S.Y.4
  • 35
    • 33846882015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 against homocysteine-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus
    • doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.047
    • Kim, J. H., Cho, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Jeong, S. M., Yoon, I. S., Lee, B. H., et al. (2007). Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 against homocysteine-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 1136, 190-199. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.047.
    • (2007) Brain Res. , vol.1136 , pp. 190-199
    • Kim, J.H.1    Cho, S.Y.2    Lee, J.H.3    Jeong, S.M.4    Yoon, I.S.5    Lee, B.H.6
  • 36
    • 20144389219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of ginseng saponins on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal degeneration in rats
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.12.013
    • Kim, J. H., Kim, S., Yoon, I. S., Lee, J. H., Jang, B. J., Jeong, S. M., et al. (2005c). Protective effects of ginseng saponins on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal degeneration in rats. Neuropharmacology 48, 743-756. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.12.013.
    • (2005) Neuropharmacology , vol.48 , pp. 743-756
    • Kim, J.H.1    Kim, S.2    Yoon, I.S.3    Lee, J.H.4    Jang, B.J.5    Jeong, S.M.6
  • 37
    • 27744512098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginseng saponins on a rat visceral hypersensitivity model
    • doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.2120
    • Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Jeong, S. M., Lee, B. H., Yoon, I. S., Lee, J. H., et al. (2005a). Effect of ginseng saponins on a rat visceral hypersensitivity model. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 11, 2120-2124. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.2120.
    • (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.11 , pp. 2120-2124
    • Kim, J.H.1    Lee, J.H.2    Jeong, S.M.3    Lee, B.H.4    Yoon, I.S.5    Lee, J.H.6
  • 38
    • 24944562026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting
    • doi: 10.1007/BF02969358
    • Kim, J. H., Yoon, I. S., Lee, B. H., Choi, S. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., et al. (2005b). Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Arch. Pharm. Res. 6, 680-684. doi: 10.1007/BF02969358.
    • (2005) Arch. Pharm. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 680-684
    • Kim, J.H.1    Yoon, I.S.2    Lee, B.H.3    Choi, S.H.4    Lee, J.H.5    Lee, J.H.6
  • 40
    • 0036386954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides on NMDA receptor-mediated signals in rat hippocampal neurons
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00870-7
    • Kim, S., Ahn, K., Oh, T. H., Nah, S. Y., and Rhim, H. (2002). Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides on NMDA receptor-mediated signals in rat hippocampal neurons. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 296, 247-254. doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00870-7.
    • (2002) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.296 , pp. 247-254
    • Kim, S.1    Ahn, K.2    Oh, T.H.3    Nah, S.Y.4    Rhim, H.5
  • 41
    • 4544338752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg3 antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.106
    • Kim, S., Kim, T., Ahn, K., Park, W. K., Nah, S. Y., and Rhim, H. (2004b). Ginsenoside Rg3 antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 323, 416-424. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.106.
    • (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.323 , pp. 416-424
    • Kim, S.1    Kim, T.2    Ahn, K.3    Park, W.K.4    Nah, S.Y.5    Rhim, H.6
  • 42
    • 36549028238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel-mediated cell death in rat cortical neurons
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.048
    • 2+ channel-mediated cell death in rat cortical neurons. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 365, 399-405. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.048.
    • (2008) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.365 , pp. 399-405
    • Kim, S.1    Nah, S.Y.2    Rhim, H.3
  • 43
    • 51349121210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Korean red ginseng extract on the relaxation response in isolated rabbit vaginal tissue and its mechanism
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00946.x
    • Kim, S. O., Kim, M. K., Lee, H. S., Park, J. K., and Park, K. (2008a). The effect of Korean red ginseng extract on the relaxation response in isolated rabbit vaginal tissue and its mechanism. J. Sex. Med. 5, 2079-2084. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00946.x.
    • (2008) J. Sex. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 2079-2084
    • Kim, S.O.1    Kim, M.K.2    Lee, H.S.3    Park, J.K.4    Park, K.5
  • 44
    • 16544366501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated epileptic discharges in cultured hippocampal neurons
    • doi: 10.1007/BF02980126
    • Kim, S., and Rhim, H. (2004). Ginsenosides inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated epileptic discharges in cultured hippocampal neurons. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27, 524-530. doi: 10.1007/BF02980126.
    • (2004) Arch. Pharm. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 524-530
    • Kim, S.1    Rhim, H.2
  • 45
    • 69049099988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiolytic-like effects of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 from red ginseng in the elevated plus-maze model
    • doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1185402
    • Kim, T. W., Choi, H. J., Kim, N. J., and Kim, D. H. (2009). Anxiolytic-like effects of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 from red ginseng in the elevated plus-maze model. Planta Med. 75, 836-839. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1185402.
    • (2009) Planta Med. , vol.75 , pp. 836-839
    • Kim, T.W.1    Choi, H.J.2    Kim, N.J.3    Kim, D.H.4
  • 46
    • 0031596324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeranation
    • Kim, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Markelonis, G. J., and Oh, T. H. (1998b). Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeranation. J. Neurosci. Res. 53, 426-432.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 426-432
    • Kim, Y.C.1    Kim, S.R.2    Markelonis, G.J.3    Oh, T.H.4
  • 48
    • 84876921201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on a9a10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated ion currents
    • doi: 10.1248/bpb.b12-01009
    • Lee, B. H., Choi, S. H., Hwang, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, S. M., Kim, H. C., et al. (2013a). Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on a9a10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated ion currents. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 36, 812-818. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b12-01009.
    • (2013) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.36 , pp. 812-818
    • Lee, B.H.1    Choi, S.H.2    Hwang, S.H.3    Kim, H.J.4    Lee, S.M.5    Kim, H.C.6
  • 49
    • 66649093210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for Leu247 residue within transmembrane domain 2 in ginsenoside-mediated alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulation
    • doi: 10.1007/s10059-009-0073-4
    • Lee, B. H., Choi, S. H., Pyo, M. K., Shin, T. J., Hwang, S. H., Kim, B. R., et al. (2009). A role for Leu247 residue within transmembrane domain 2 in ginsenoside-mediated alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulation. Mol. Cells 27, 591-599. doi: 10.1007/s10059-009-0073-4.
    • (2009) Mol. Cells , vol.27 , pp. 591-599
    • Lee, B.H.1    Choi, S.H.2    Pyo, M.K.3    Shin, T.J.4    Hwang, S.H.5    Kim, B.R.6
  • 50
    • 6344277371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides regulate ligand-gated ion channels from the outside
    • Lee, B. H., Jeong, S. M., Ha, T. S., Park, C. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., et al. (2004b). Ginsenosides regulate ligand-gated ion channels from the outside. Mol. Cells 18, 115-121.
    • (2004) Mol. Cells , vol.18 , pp. 115-121
    • Lee, B.H.1    Jeong, S.M.2    Ha, T.S.3    Park, C.S.4    Lee, J.H.5    Kim, J.H.6
  • 52
    • 84875281413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg3regulates GABAA receptor channel activity: involvement of interaction with the γ2subunit
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.040
    • Lee, B. H., Kim, H. J., Chung, L., and Nah, S. Y. (2013b). Ginsenoside Rg3regulates GABAA receptor channel activity: involvement of interaction with the γ2subunit. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 705, 119-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.040.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.705 , pp. 119-125
    • Lee, B.H.1    Kim, H.J.2    Chung, L.3    Nah, S.Y.4
  • 54
    • 33645809108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.038
    • Lee, E., Kim, S., Chung, K. C., Choo, M. K., Kim, D. H., Nam, G., et al. (2006a). 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 536, 69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.038.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.536 , pp. 69-77
    • Lee, E.1    Kim, S.2    Chung, K.C.3    Choo, M.K.4    Kim, D.H.5    Nam, G.6
  • 55
    • 84880133701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor by gintonin inhibits Kv1.2 channel activity: involvement of tyrosine kinase and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase a
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.048
    • Lee, J. H., Choi, S. H., Lee, B. H., Hwang, S. H., Kim, H. J., Rhee, J., et al. (2013c). Activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor by gintonin inhibits Kv1.2 channel activity: involvement of tyrosine kinase and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase a. Neurosci. Lett. 548, 143-148. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.048.
    • (2013) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.548 , pp. 143-148
    • Lee, J.H.1    Choi, S.H.2    Lee, B.H.3    Hwang, S.H.4    Kim, H.J.5    Rhee, J.6
  • 59
    • 0037036187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of ginsenosides, active ingredients of Panax ginseng, on kainate-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus
    • doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00256-2
    • Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, D., Hong, H. N., and Nah, S. Y. (2002). Protective effect of ginsenosides, active ingredients of Panax ginseng, on kainate-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett. 325, 129-133. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00256-2.
    • (2002) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.325 , pp. 129-133
    • Lee, J.H.1    Kim, S.H.2    Kim, D.3    Hong, H.N.4    Nah, S.Y.5
  • 60
    • 40849085416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits human Kv1.4 channel currents by interacting with the Lys531 residue
    • doi: 10.1124/mol.107.040360
    • Lee, J. H., Lee, B. H., Choi, S. H., Yoon, I. S., Pyo, M. K., Shin, T. J., et al. (2008a). Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits human Kv1.4 channel currents by interacting with the Lys531 residue. Mol. Pharmacol. 73, 619-626. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.040360.
    • (2008) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.73 , pp. 619-626
    • Lee, J.H.1    Lee, B.H.2    Choi, S.H.3    Yoon, I.S.4    Pyo, M.K.5    Shin, T.J.6
  • 62
  • 63
    • 0034747110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels in ginsenosides-induced aortic relaxation in rats
    • doi: 10.1097/00005344-200101000-00005
    • + channels in ginsenosides-induced aortic relaxation in rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 37, 41-47. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200101000-00005.
    • (2001) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 41-47
    • Li, Z.1    Chen, X.2    Niwa, Y.3    Sakamoto, S.4    Nakaya, Y.5
  • 64
    • 18244378766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of ginseng components in a rodent model of neurodegeneration
    • doi: 10.1002/ana.20450
    • Lian, X. Y., Zhang, Z., and Stringer, J. L. (2005). Protective effects of ginseng components in a rodent model of neurodegeneration. Ann. Neurol. 57, 642-648. doi: 10.1002/ana.20450.
    • (2005) Ann. Neurol. , vol.57 , pp. 642-648
    • Lian, X.Y.1    Zhang, Z.2    Stringer, J.L.3
  • 65
    • 84859568691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rb1 selectively inhibits the activity of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    • doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.181
    • Lin, Z. Y., Chen, L. M., Zhang, J., Pan, X. D., Zhu, Y. G., Ye, Q. Y., et al. (2012). Ginsenoside Rb1 selectively inhibits the activity of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 33, 438-444. doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.181.
    • (2012) Acta Pharmacol. Sin. , vol.33 , pp. 438-444
    • Lin, Z.Y.1    Chen, L.M.2    Zhang, J.3    Pan, X.D.4    Zhu, Y.G.5    Ye, Q.Y.6
  • 67
    • 0038112088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore
    • doi: 10.1038/nature01748
    • Miyazawa, A., Fujiyoshi, Y., and Unwin, N. (2003). Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore. Nature 423, 949-955. doi: 10.1038/nature01748.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 949-955
    • Miyazawa, A.1    Fujiyoshi, Y.2    Unwin, N.3
  • 68
    • 36849043044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides: are any of them candidates for drugs acting on the central nervous system?
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00023.x
    • Nah, S. Y., Kim, D. H., and Rhim, H. (2007). Ginsenosides: are any of them candidates for drugs acting on the central nervous system? CNS Drug Rev. 13, 381-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00023.x.
    • (2007) CNS Drug Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 381-404
    • Nah, S.Y.1    Kim, D.H.2    Rhim, H.3
  • 69
    • 0029113218 scopus 로고
    • 2+ channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8739
    • 2+ channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 8739-8743. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8739.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.92 , pp. 8739-8743
    • Nah, S.Y.1    Park, H.J.2    McCleskey, E.W.3
  • 70
    • 0037840607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenosides on glycine receptor alpha1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Noh, J. H., Choi, S., Lee, J. H., Betz, H., Kim, J. I., Park, C. S., et al. (2003). Effects of ginsenosides on glycine receptor alpha1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Mol. Cells 15, 34-39.
    • (2003) Mol. Cells , vol.15 , pp. 34-39
    • Noh, J.H.1    Choi, S.2    Lee, J.H.3    Betz, H.4    Kim, J.I.5    Park, C.S.6
  • 71
    • 0029763194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threonine-for-leucine mutation within domain M2 of the neuronal alpha(7) nicotinic receptor converts 5-hydroxytryptamine from antagonist to agonist
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.20.11231
    • Palma, E., Mileo, A. M., Eusebi, F., and Miledi, R. (2006). Threonine-for-leucine mutation within domain M2 of the neuronal alpha(7) nicotinic receptor converts 5-hydroxytryptamine from antagonist to agonist. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 11231-11235. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.20.11231.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.93 , pp. 11231-11235
    • Palma, E.1    Mileo, A.M.2    Eusebi, F.3    Miledi, R.4
  • 72
    • 0030946503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cell death induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: acute excitotoxic necrosis and delayed apoptosis
    • Pang, Z., and Geddes, J. W. (1997). Mechanisms of cell death induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: acute excitotoxic necrosis and delayed apoptosis. J. Neurosci. 17, 3064-3073.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 3064-3073
    • Pang, Z.1    Geddes, J.W.2
  • 74
    • 4544352951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces ischemic brain injury in rats
    • doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.433
    • Park, E. K., Choo, M. K., Oh, J. K., Ryu, J. H., and Kim, D. H. (2004). Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces ischemic brain injury in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27, 433-436. doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.433.
    • (2004) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.27 , pp. 433-436
    • Park, E.K.1    Choo, M.K.2    Oh, J.K.3    Ryu, J.H.4    Kim, D.H.5
  • 75
    • 0026079817 scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the channel domain alter desensitization of a neuronal nicotinic receptor
    • doi: 10.1038/353846a0
    • Revah, F., Bertrand, D., Galzi, J. L., Devillers-Thiéry, A., Mulle, C., Hussy, N., et al. (1991). Mutations in the channel domain alter desensitization of a neuronal nicotinic receptor. Nature 353, 846-849. doi: 10.1038/353846a0.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.353 , pp. 846-849
    • Revah, F.1    Bertrand, D.2    Galzi, J.L.3    Devillers-Thiéry, A.4    Mulle, C.5    Hussy, N.6
  • 76
    • 0037006173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel currents in rat sensory neurons
    • doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01613-2
    • 2+ channel currents in rat sensory neurons. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 436, 151-158. doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01613-2.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.436 , pp. 151-158
    • Rhim, H.1    Kim, H.2    Lee, D.Y.3    Oh, T.H.4    Nah, S.Y.5
  • 77
    • 0036015176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    • doi: 10.1124/jpet.301.3.1052
    • Sala, F., Mulet, J., Choi, S., Jung, S. Y., Nah, S. Y., Rhim, H., et al. (2002). Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 301, 1052-1059. doi: 10.1124/jpet.301.3.1052.
    • (2002) J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. , vol.301 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Sala, F.1    Mulet, J.2    Choi, S.3    Jung, S.Y.4    Nah, S.Y.5    Rhim, H.6
  • 78
    • 0029564825 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of ginseng total saponins on glutamate-induced swelling of cultured atrocytes
    • doi: 10.1248/bpb.18.1776
    • Seong, Y. H., Shin, C. S., Kim, H. S., and Baba, A. (1995). Inhibitory effect of ginseng total saponins on glutamate-induced swelling of cultured atrocytes. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 18, 1776-1778. doi: 10.1248/bpb.18.1776.
    • (1995) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.18 , pp. 1776-1778
    • Seong, Y.H.1    Shin, C.S.2    Kim, H.S.3    Baba, A.4
  • 79
    • 84861050601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of protopanaxatriol-ginsenoside metabolites on rat N-methyl-d-aspartic Acid receptor-mediated ion currents
    • doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.2.113
    • Shin, T. J., Hwang, S. H., Choi, S. H., Lee, B. H., Kang, J., Kim, H. J., et al. (2012). Effects of protopanaxatriol-ginsenoside metabolites on rat N-methyl-d-aspartic Acid receptor-mediated ion currents. Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 16, 113-118. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.2.113.
    • (2012) Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.16 , pp. 113-118
    • Shin, T.J.1    Hwang, S.H.2    Choi, S.H.3    Lee, B.H.4    Kang, J.5    Kim, H.J.6
  • 80
    • 0032993776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides that produce differential antinociception in mice
    • doi: 10.1016/S0306-3623(98)00239-0
    • Shin, Y. H., Jung, O. M., Nah, J. J., Nam, K. Y., Kim, C. Y., and Nah, S. Y. (1999). Ginsenosides that produce differential antinociception in mice. Gen. Pharmacol. 32, 653-659. doi: 10.1016/S0306-3623(98)00239-0.
    • (1999) Gen. Pharmacol. , vol.32 , pp. 653-659
    • Shin, Y.H.1    Jung, O.M.2    Nah, J.J.3    Nam, K.Y.4    Kim, C.Y.5    Nah, S.Y.6
  • 81
    • 0035479837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of ginseng saponin ginsenoside-Rg3 inhibition of catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00743-2
    • Tachikawa, E., Kudo, K., Nunokawa, M., Kashimoto, T., Takahashi, E., and Kitagawa, S. (2001). Characterization of ginseng saponin ginsenoside-Rg3 inhibition of catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 62, 943-951. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00743-2.
    • (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.62 , pp. 943-951
    • Tachikawa, E.1    Kudo, K.2    Nunokawa, M.3    Kashimoto, T.4    Takahashi, E.5    Kitagawa, S.6
  • 82
    • 11844298464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 on cerebral ischemia in rats
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.030
    • Tian, J., Fu, F., Geng, M., Jiang, Y., Yang, J., Jiang, W., et al. (2005). Neuroprotective effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 on cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 374, 92-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.030.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.374 , pp. 92-97
    • Tian, J.1    Fu, F.2    Geng, M.3    Jiang, Y.4    Yang, J.5    Jiang, W.6
  • 83
    • 0029101963 scopus 로고
    • Herbal remedies
    • Tyler, V. E. (1995). Herbal remedies. J. Pharm. Technol. 11, 214-220.
    • (1995) J. Pharm. Technol. , vol.11 , pp. 214-220
    • Tyler, V.E.1
  • 84
    • 13144262837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels resistant to batrachotoxin
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2653
    • + channels resistant to batrachotoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 2653-2658. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2653.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.95 , pp. 2653-2658
    • Wang, S.Y.1    Wang, G.K.2
  • 85
    • 1542275414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosylation affects the protein stability and cell surface expression of Kv1.4 but Not Kv1.1 potassium channels. A pore region determinant dictates the effect of glycosylation on trafficking
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.M309802200
    • Watanabe, I., Zhu, J., Recio-Pinto, E., and Thornhill, W. B. (2004). Glycosylation affects the protein stability and cell surface expression of Kv1.4 but Not Kv1.1 potassium channels. A pore region determinant dictates the effect of glycosylation on trafficking. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 8879-8885. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M309802200.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 8879-8885
    • Watanabe, I.1    Zhu, J.2    Recio-Pinto, E.3    Thornhill, W.B.4
  • 86
    • 56149105398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium ions in neuronal degeneration
    • doi: 10.1002/iub.91
    • Wojda, U., Salinska, E., and Kuznicki, J. (2008). Calcium ions in neuronal degeneration. IUBMB Life 60, 575-90. doi: 10.1002/iub.91.
    • (2008) IUBMB Life , vol.60 , pp. 575-590
    • Wojda, U.1    Salinska, E.2    Kuznicki, J.3
  • 87
    • 0032540181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides induce differential antinocicepion and inhibit substance P induced-nociceptive response in mice
    • doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00168-4
    • Yoon, S. R., Nah, J. J., Shin, Y. H., Kim, S. K., Nam, K. Y., Choi, H. S., et al. (1998). Ginsenosides induce differential antinocicepion and inhibit substance P induced-nociceptive response in mice. Life Sci. 62, PL319-PL325. doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00168-4.
    • (1998) Life Sci. , vol.62
    • Yoon, S.R.1    Nah, J.J.2    Shin, Y.H.3    Kim, S.K.4    Nam, K.Y.5    Choi, H.S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.