메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue SEP, 2013, Pages

Central role of the gut epithelial barrier in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation: Lessons learned from animal models and human genetics

Author keywords

Animal models of intestinal inflammation; Crohn's disease; Gut immune homeostasis; Inflammatory bowel disease genetics; Innate immunity; Intestinal barrier function; Intestinal epithelial cells; Ulcerative colitis

Indexed keywords

CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 4; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 23; INTERLEUKIN 8; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B SUBUNIT 1; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PROTEIN P120; PROTEIN ZO1; PROTEIN ZO2; PROTEIN ZO3; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 6; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA ACTIVATED KINASE 1; TREFOIL FACTOR 3; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84886014303     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16643224     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00280     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (362)

References (202)
  • 1
    • 0034601309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM200008033430506
    • Medzhitov R, Janeway C Jr. Innate immunity. N Engl J Med (2000) 343:338-44. doi:10.1056/NEJM200008033430506.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 338-344
    • Medzhitov, R.1    Janeway Jr., C.2
  • 2
    • 3142724031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor signalling
    • doi:10.1038/nri1391
    • Akira S, Takeda K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol (2004) 4:499-511. doi:10.1038/nri1391.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 499-511
    • Akira, S.1    Takeda, K.2
  • 3
    • 0025774776 scopus 로고
    • Drosophila toll IL-1 receptor
    • doi:10.1038/351355b0
    • Gay NJ, Keith FJ. Drosophila toll IL-1 receptor. Nature (1991) 351:355-6. doi:10.1038/351355b0.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 355-356
    • Gay, N.J.1    Keith, F.J.2
  • 4
    • 0029730738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conserved signaling pathway: the Drosophila toll-dorsal pathway
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393
    • Belvin MP, Anderson KV. A conserved signaling pathway: the Drosophila toll-dorsal pathway. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol (1996) 12:393-416. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol , vol.12 , pp. 393-416
    • Belvin, M.P.1    Anderson, K.V.2
  • 6
    • 84857049212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) promotes susceptibility of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) deficient mice to colitis
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2011.240556
    • Carvalho FA, Nalbantoglu I, Ortega-Fernandez S, Aitken JD, Su Y, Koren O, et al. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) promotes susceptibility of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) deficient mice to colitis. Gut (2012) 61:373-84. doi:10.1136/gut.2011.240556.
    • (2012) Gut , vol.61 , pp. 373-384
    • Carvalho, F.A.1    Nalbantoglu, I.2    Ortega-Fernandez, S.3    Aitken, J.D.4    Su, Y.5    Koren, O.6
  • 8
    • 27744533839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cdcs1, a major colitogenic locus in mice, regulates innate and adaptive immune response to enteric bacterial antigens
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.07.057
    • Beckwith J, Cong Y, Sundberg JP, Elson CO, Leiter EH. Cdcs1, a major colitogenic locus in mice, regulates innate and adaptive immune response to enteric bacterial antigens. Gastroenterology (2005) 129:1473-84. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.07.057.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 1473-1484
    • Beckwith, J.1    Cong, Y.2    Sundberg, J.P.3    Elson, C.O.4    Leiter, E.H.5
  • 10
    • 0035923603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3 controls colitis severity in IL-10-deficient mice
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.241258698
    • Farmer MA, Sundberg JP, Bristol IJ, Churchill GA, Li R, Elson CO, et al. A major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3 controls colitis severity in IL-10-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 98:13820-5. doi:10.1073/pnas.241258698.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 13820-5
    • Farmer, M.A.1    Sundberg, J.P.2    Bristol, I.J.3    Churchill, G.A.4    Li, R.5    Elson, C.O.6
  • 11
    • 49749149169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli LF82 aggravates colitis in injured mouse colon via signaling by flagellin
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.20423
    • Carvalho FA, Barnich N, Sauvanet P, Darcha C, Gelot A, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli LF82 aggravates colitis in injured mouse colon via signaling by flagellin. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2008) 14:1051-60. doi:10.1002/ibd.20423.
    • (2008) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1051-1060
    • Carvalho, F.A.1    Barnich, N.2    Sauvanet, P.3    Darcha, C.4    Gelot, A.5    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.6
  • 12
    • 0032768352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive ability of an Escherichia coli strain isolated from the ileal mucosa of a patient with Crohn's disease
    • Boudeau J, Glasser AL, Masseret E, Joly B, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Invasive ability of an Escherichia coli strain isolated from the ileal mucosa of a patient with Crohn's disease. Infect Immun (1999) 67:4499-509.
    • (1999) Infect Immun , vol.67 , pp. 4499-4509
    • Boudeau, J.1    Glasser, A.L.2    Masseret, E.3    Joly, B.4    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.5
  • 13
    • 34547952781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bugging of the intestinal mucosa
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMcibr073420
    • Abraham C, Cho JH. Bugging of the intestinal mucosa. N Engl J Med (2007) 357:708-10. doi:10.1056/NEJMcibr073420.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 708-710
    • Abraham, C.1    Cho, J.H.2
  • 14
    • 33646866567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant-negative TLR5 polymorphism reduces adaptive immune response to flagellin and negatively associates with Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00544.2005
    • Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M, Brant SR, Duerr RH, Nicolae DL, Cho JH. Dominant-negative TLR5 polymorphism reduces adaptive immune response to flagellin and negatively associates with Crohn's disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2006) 290:G1157-63. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00544.2005.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.290
    • Gewirtz, A.T.1    Vijay-Kumar, M.2    Brant, S.R.3    Duerr, R.H.4    Nicolae, D.L.5    Cho, J.H.6
  • 15
    • 20244372724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor-4 is required for intestinal response to epithelial injury and limiting bacterial translocation in a murine model of acute colitis
    • doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00328.2004
    • Fukata M, Michelsen KS, Eri R, Thomas LS, Hu B, Lukasek K, et al. Toll-like receptor-4 is required for intestinal response to epithelial injury and limiting bacterial translocation in a murine model of acute colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2005) 288:G1055-65. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00328.2004.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.288
    • Fukata, M.1    Michelsen, K.S.2    Eri, R.3    Thomas, L.S.4    Hu, B.5    Lukasek, K.6
  • 16
    • 0034445697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1128/IAI.68.12.7010-7017.2000
    • Cario E, Podolsky DK. Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Immun (2000) 68:7010-7. doi:10.1128/IAI.68.12.7010-7017.2000.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 7010-7017
    • Cario, E.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 17
    • 3042521641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient host-bacteria interactions in inflammatory bowel disease?. The toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 Asp299gly polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2003.030205
    • Franchimont D, Vermeire S, El Housni H, Pierik M, Van Steen K, Gustot T, et al. Deficient host-bacteria interactions in inflammatory bowel disease? The toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 Asp299gly polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut (2004) 53:987-92. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.030205.
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 987-992
    • Franchimont, D.1    Vermeire, S.2    El Housni, H.3    Pierik, M.4    Van Steen, K.5    Gustot, T.6
  • 18
    • 29744448927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor-1, -2, and -6 polymorphisms influence disease extension in inflammatory bowel diseases
    • doi:10.1097/01.MIB.0000195389.11645.ab
    • Pierik M, Joossens S, van Steen K, Van Schuerbeek N, Vlietinck R, Rutgeerts P, et al. Toll-like receptor-1, -2, and -6 polymorphisms influence disease extension in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2006) 12:1-8. doi:10.1097/01.MIB.0000195389.11645.ab.
    • (2006) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.12 , pp. 1-8
    • Pierik, M.1    Joossens, S.2    van Steen, K.3    Van Schuerbeek, N.4    Vlietinck, R.5    Rutgeerts, P.6
  • 19
    • 34247235029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 controls mucosal inflammation by regulating epithelial barrier function
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.02.056
    • Cario E, Gerken G, Podolsky DK. Toll-like receptor 2 controls mucosal inflammation by regulating epithelial barrier function. Gastroenterology (2007) 132:1359-74. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.02.056.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , pp. 1359-1374
    • Cario, E.1    Gerken, G.2    Podolsky, D.K.3
  • 20
    • 67649231565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colitis-associated variant of TLR2 causes impaired mucosal repair because of TFF3 deficiency
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.007
    • Podolsky DK, Gerken G, Eyking A, Cario E. Colitis-associated variant of TLR2 causes impaired mucosal repair because of TFF3 deficiency. Gastroenterology (2009) 137:209-20. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.007.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.137 , pp. 209-220
    • Podolsky, D.K.1    Gerken, G.2    Eyking, A.3    Cario, E.4
  • 21
    • 22344440495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of toll-like receptor 9 and response to bacterial CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in human intestinal epithelium
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02848.x
    • Pedersen G, Andresen L, Matthiessen MW, Rask-Madsen J, Brynskov J. Expression of toll-like receptor 9 and response to bacterial CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in human intestinal epithelium. Clin Exp Immunol (2005) 141:298-306. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02848.x.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.141 , pp. 298-306
    • Pedersen, G.1    Andresen, L.2    Matthiessen, M.W.3    Rask-Madsen, J.4    Brynskov, J.5
  • 22
    • 3242732415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease is associated with a toll-like receptor-9 polymorphism
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.05.051
    • Torok HP, Glas J, Tonenchi L, Bruennler G, Folwaczny M, Folwaczny C. Crohn's disease is associated with a toll-like receptor-9 polymorphism. Gastroenterology (2004) 127:365-6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.05.051.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.127 , pp. 365-366
    • Torok, H.P.1    Glas, J.2    Tonenchi, L.3    Bruennler, G.4    Folwaczny, M.5    Folwaczny, C.6
  • 23
    • 34047173496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial NEMO links innate immunity to chronic intestinal inflammation
    • doi:10.1038/nature05698
    • Nenci A, Becker C, Wullaert A, Gareus R, van Loo G, Danese S, et al. Epithelial NEMO links innate immunity to chronic intestinal inflammation. Nature (2007) 446:557-61. doi:10.1038/nature05698.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.446 , pp. 557-561
    • Nenci, A.1    Becker, C.2    Wullaert, A.3    Gareus, R.4    van Loo, G.5    Danese, S.6
  • 24
    • 49049095991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterocyte-derived TAK1 signaling prevents epithelium apoptosis and the development of ileitis and colitis
    • Kajino-Sakamoto R, Inagaki M, Lippert E, Akira S, Robine S, Matsumoto K, et al. Enterocyte-derived TAK1 signaling prevents epithelium apoptosis and the development of ileitis and colitis. J Immunol (2008) 181:1143-52.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 1143-1152
    • Kajino-Sakamoto, R.1    Inagaki, M.2    Lippert, E.3    Akira, S.4    Robine, S.5    Matsumoto, K.6
  • 25
    • 0035978651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1038/35079107
    • Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, Lesage S, Cezard JP, Belaiche J, et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature (2001) 411:599-603. doi:10.1038/35079107.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 599-603
    • Hugot, J.P.1    Chamaillard, M.2    Zouali, H.3    Lesage, S.4    Cezard, J.P.5    Belaiche, J.6
  • 26
    • 0035978533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1038/35079114
    • Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N, Nicolae DL, Chen FF, Ramos R, et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature (2001) 411:603-6. doi:10.1038/35079114.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 603-606
    • Ogura, Y.1    Bonen, D.K.2    Inohara, N.3    Nicolae, D.L.4    Chen, F.F.5    Ramos, R.6
  • 27
    • 0035895992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nod2, a Nod1/Apaf-1 family member that is restricted to monocytes and activates NF-kappaB
    • doi:10.1074/jbc. M008072200
    • Ogura Y, Inohara N, Benito A, Chen FF, Yamaoka S, Nunez G. Nod2, a Nod1/Apaf-1 family member that is restricted to monocytes and activates NF-kappaB. J Biol Chem (2001) 276:4812-8. doi:10.1074/jbc. M008072200.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 4812-4818
    • Ogura, Y.1    Inohara, N.2    Benito, A.3    Chen, F.F.4    Yamaoka, S.5    Nunez, G.6
  • 28
    • 10744222688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of NOD2 in Paneth cells: a possible link to Crohn's ileitis
    • doi:10.1136/gut.52.11.1591
    • Ogura Y, Lala S, Xin W, Smith E, Dowds TA, Chen FF, et al. Expression of NOD2 in Paneth cells: a possible link to Crohn's ileitis. Gut (2003) 52:1591-7. doi:10.1136/gut.52.11.1591.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 1591-1597
    • Ogura, Y.1    Lala, S.2    Xin, W.3    Smith, E.4    Dowds, T.A.5    Chen, F.F.6
  • 29
    • 0037458665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide mediated through NOD2. Implications for Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1074/jbc. C200673200
    • Inohara N, Ogura Y, Fontalba A, Gutierrez O, Pons F, Crespo J, et al. Host recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide mediated through NOD2. Implications for Crohn's disease. J Biol Chem (2003) 278:5509-12. doi:10.1074/jbc. C200673200.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 5509-5512
    • Inohara, N.1    Ogura, Y.2    Fontalba, A.3    Gutierrez, O.4    Pons, F.5    Crespo, J.6
  • 30
    • 17744373329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of Crohn disease, an archetypal inflammatory barrier disease
    • doi:10.1038/nrg1607
    • Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P, Albrecht M, Hampe J, Krawczak M. Genetics of Crohn disease, an archetypal inflammatory barrier disease. Nat Rev Genet (2005) 6:376-88. doi:10.1038/nrg1607.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Genet , vol.6 , pp. 376-388
    • Schreiber, S.1    Rosenstiel, P.2    Albrecht, M.3    Hampe, J.4    Krawczak, M.5
  • 31
    • 11144289688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Crohn's disease protein, NOD2, requires RIP2 in order to induce ubiquitinylation of a novel site on NEMO
    • doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.032
    • Abbott DW, Wilkins A, Asara JM, Cantley LC. The Crohn's disease protein, NOD2, requires RIP2 in order to induce ubiquitinylation of a novel site on NEMO. Curr Biol (2004) 14:2217-27. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.032.
    • (2004) Curr Biol , vol.14 , pp. 2217-2227
    • Abbott, D.W.1    Wilkins, A.2    Asara, J.M.3    Cantley, L.C.4
  • 32
    • 0038109983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease and the NOD2 gene: a role for Paneth cells
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00661-9
    • Lala S, Ogura Y, Osborne C, Hor SY, Bromfield A, Davies S, et al. Crohn's disease and the NOD2 gene: a role for Paneth cells. Gastroenterology (2003) 125:47-57. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00661-9.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 47-57
    • Lala, S.1    Ogura, Y.2    Osborne, C.3    Hor, S.Y.4    Bromfield, A.5    Davies, S.6
  • 33
    • 16844382886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defensin deficiency, intestinal microbes, and the clinical phenotypes of Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1189/jlb.0904543
    • Wehkamp J, Schmid M, Fellermann K, Stange EF. Defensin deficiency, intestinal microbes, and the clinical phenotypes of Crohn's disease. J Leukoc Biol (2005) 77:460-5. doi:10.1189/jlb.0904543.
    • (2005) J Leukoc Biol , vol.77 , pp. 460-465
    • Wehkamp, J.1    Schmid, M.2    Fellermann, K.3    Stange, E.F.4
  • 35
    • 0141799911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
    • doi:10.1038/nri1180
    • Ganz T. Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol (2003) 3:710-20. doi:10.1038/nri1180.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 710-720
    • Ganz, T.1
  • 36
    • 84887212530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variants of Wnt transcription factor TCF-4 (TCF7L2) putative promoter region are associated with small intestinal Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004496
    • Koslowski MJ, Kubler I, Chamaillard M, Schaeffeler E, Reinisch W, Wang G, et al. Genetic variants of Wnt transcription factor TCF-4 (TCF7L2) putative promoter region are associated with small intestinal Crohn's disease. PLoS One (2009) 4:e4496. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004496.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Koslowski, M.J.1    Kubler, I.2    Chamaillard, M.3    Schaeffeler, E.4    Reinisch, W.5    Wang, G.6
  • 37
    • 7244257312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2 (CARD15) mutations in Crohn's disease are associated with diminished mucosal alpha-defensin expression
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2003.032805
    • Wehkamp J, Harder J, Weichenthal M, Schwab M, Schaffeler E, Schlee M, et al. NOD2 (CARD15) mutations in Crohn's disease are associated with diminished mucosal alpha-defensin expression. Gut (2004) 53:1658-64. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.032805.
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 1658-1664
    • Wehkamp, J.1    Harder, J.2    Weichenthal, M.3    Schwab, M.4    Schaffeler, E.5    Schlee, M.6
  • 38
    • 33644849605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2/CARD15 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2
    • doi:10.1074/jbc. M511044200
    • Voss E, Wehkamp J, Wehkamp K, Stange EF, Schroder JM, Harder J. NOD2/CARD15 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2. J Biol Chem (2006) 281:2005-11. doi:10.1074/jbc. M511044200.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 2005-2011
    • Voss, E.1    Wehkamp, J.2    Wehkamp, K.3    Stange, E.F.4    Schroder, J.M.5    Harder, J.6
  • 40
    • 27544490377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
    • doi:10.1038/ni1254
    • Harrington LE, Hatton RD, Mangan PR, Turner H, Murphy TL, Murphy KM, et al. Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages. Nat Immunol (2005) 6:1123-32. doi:10.1038/ni1254.
    • (2005) Nat Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 1123-1132
    • Harrington, L.E.1    Hatton, R.D.2    Mangan, P.R.3    Turner, H.4    Murphy, T.L.5    Murphy, K.M.6
  • 41
    • 13244283212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation
    • doi:10.1084/jem.20041257
    • Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, Mattson J, Basham B, Sedgwick JD, et al. IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med (2005) 201:233-40. doi:10.1084/jem.20041257.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.201 , pp. 233-240
    • Langrish, C.L.1    Chen, Y.2    Blumenschein, W.M.3    Mattson, J.4    Basham, B.5    Sedgwick, J.D.6
  • 42
    • 33846456970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell self-reactivity forms a cytokine milieu for spontaneous development of IL-17+ Th cells that cause autoimmune arthritis
    • doi:10.1084/jem.20062259
    • Hirota K, Hashimoto M, Yoshitomi H, Tanaka S, Nomura T, Yamaguchi T, et al. T cell self-reactivity forms a cytokine milieu for spontaneous development of IL-17+ Th cells that cause autoimmune arthritis. J Exp Med (2007) 204:41-7. doi:10.1084/jem.20062259.
    • (2007) J Exp Med , vol.204 , pp. 41-47
    • Hirota, K.1    Hashimoto, M.2    Yoshitomi, H.3    Tanaka, S.4    Nomura, T.5    Yamaguchi, T.6
  • 43
    • 0037216498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1136/gut.52.1.65
    • Fujino S, Andoh A, Bamba S, Ogawa A, Hata K, Araki Y, et al. Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut (2003) 52:65-70. doi:10.1136/gut.52.1.65.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 65-70
    • Fujino, S.1    Andoh, A.2    Bamba, S.3    Ogawa, A.4    Hata, K.5    Araki, Y.6
  • 44
    • 33144473772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation?
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2005.065557
    • Buhner S, Buning C, Genschel J, Kling K, Herrmann D, Dignass A, et al. Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation? Gut (2006) 55:342-7. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.065557.
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 342-347
    • Buhner, S.1    Buning, C.2    Genschel, J.3    Kling, K.4    Herrmann, D.5    Dignass, A.6
  • 45
    • 33646246756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased intestinal permeability and NOD2 variants in familial and sporadic Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02916.x
    • D'Inca R, Annese V, di Leo V, Latiano A, Quaino V, Abazia C, et al. Increased intestinal permeability and NOD2 variants in familial and sporadic Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2006) 23:1455-61. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02916.x.
    • (2006) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 1455-1461
    • D'Inca, R.1    Annese, V.2    di Leo, V.3    Latiano, A.4    Quaino, V.5    Abazia, C.6
  • 46
    • 33144477510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slipping the barrier: how variants in CARD15 could alter permeability of the intestinal wall and population health
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2005.076075
    • Schreiber S. Slipping the barrier: how variants in CARD15 could alter permeability of the intestinal wall and population health. Gut (2006) 55:308-9. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.076075.
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 308-309
    • Schreiber, S.1
  • 47
    • 0038824980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An essential role for NOD1 in host recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan containing diaminopimelic acid
    • doi:10.1038/ni945
    • Chamaillard M, Hashimoto M, Horie Y, Masumoto J, Qiu S, Saab L, et al. An essential role for NOD1 in host recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan containing diaminopimelic acid. Nat Immunol (2003) 4:702-7. doi:10.1038/ni945.
    • (2003) Nat Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 702-707
    • Chamaillard, M.1    Hashimoto, M.2    Horie, Y.3    Masumoto, J.4    Qiu, S.5    Saab, L.6
  • 48
    • 19744366535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between a complex insertion/deletion polymorphism in NOD1 (CARD4) and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi135
    • McGovern DP, Hysi P, Ahmad T, van Heel DA, Moffatt MF, Carey A, et al. Association between a complex insertion/deletion polymorphism in NOD1 (CARD4) and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Mol Genet (2005) 14:1245-50. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi135.
    • (2005) Hum Mol Genet , vol.14 , pp. 1245-1250
    • McGovern, D.P.1    Hysi, P.2    Ahmad, T.3    van Heel, D.A.4    Moffatt, M.F.5    Carey, A.6
  • 49
    • 34247554965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis
    • doi:10.1038/ng2032
    • Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet (2007) 39:596-604. doi:10.1038/ng2032.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 596-604
    • Rioux, J.D.1    Xavier, R.J.2    Taylor, K.D.3    Silverberg, M.S.4    Goyette, P.5    Huett, A.6
  • 50
    • 34347338690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility
    • doi:10.1038/ng2061
    • Parkes M, Barrett JC, Prescott NJ, Tremelling M, Anderson CA, Fisher SA, et al. Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet (2007) 39:830-2. doi:10.1038/ng2061.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 830-832
    • Parkes, M.1    Barrett, J.C.2    Prescott, N.J.3    Tremelling, M.4    Anderson, C.A.5    Fisher, S.A.6
  • 51
    • 0034537290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation
    • doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
    • Klionsky DJ, Emr SD. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science (2000) 290:1717-21. doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717.
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1717-1721
    • Klionsky, D.J.1    Emr, S.D.2
  • 52
    • 35748981184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants
    • doi:10.1038/ng.2007.17
    • Burton PR, Clayton DG, Cardon LR, Craddock N, Deloukas P, Duncanson A, et al. Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants. Nat Genet (2007) 39:1329-37. doi:10.1038/ng.2007.17.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1329-1337
    • Burton, P.R.1    Clayton, D.G.2    Cardon, L.R.3    Craddock, N.4    Deloukas, P.5    Duncanson, A.6
  • 53
    • 33846627302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1
    • doi:10.1038/ng1954
    • Hampe J, Franke A, Rosenstiel P, Till A, Teuber M, Huse K, et al. A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1. Nat Genet (2007) 39:207-11. doi:10.1038/ng1954.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 207-211
    • Hampe, J.1    Franke, A.2    Rosenstiel, P.3    Till, A.4    Teuber, M.5    Huse, K.6
  • 54
    • 56249135538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells
    • doi:10.1038/nature07416
    • Cadwell K, Liu JY, Brown SL, Miyoshi H, Loh J, Lennerz JK, et al. A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells. Nature (2008) 456:259-63. doi:10.1038/nature07416.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.456 , pp. 259-263
    • Cadwell, K.1    Liu, J.Y.2    Brown, S.L.3    Miyoshi, H.4    Loh, J.5    Lennerz, J.K.6
  • 55
    • 0015431425 scopus 로고
    • A working hypothesis for the etiology and pathogenesis of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1007/BF02239143
    • Shorter RG, Huizenga KA, Spencer RJ. A working hypothesis for the etiology and pathogenesis of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Dig Dis (1972) 17:1024-32. doi:10.1007/BF02239143.
    • (1972) Am J Dig Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1024-1032
    • Shorter, R.G.1    Huizenga, K.A.2    Spencer, R.J.3
  • 57
    • 0025181580 scopus 로고
    • A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice
    • Okayasu I, Hatakeyama S, Yamada M, Ohkusa T, Inagaki Y, Nakaya R. A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. Gastroenterology (1990) 98:694-702.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.98 , pp. 694-702
    • Okayasu, I.1    Hatakeyama, S.2    Yamada, M.3    Ohkusa, T.4    Inagaki, Y.5    Nakaya, R.6
  • 58
    • 34247598857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis
    • doi:10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.050
    • Poritz LS, Garver KI, Green C, Fitzpatrick L, Ruggiero F, Koltun WA. Loss of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis. J Surg Res (2007) 140:12-9. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.050.
    • (2007) J Surg Res , vol.140 , pp. 12-19
    • Poritz, L.S.1    Garver, K.I.2    Green, C.3    Fitzpatrick, L.4    Ruggiero, F.5    Koltun, W.A.6
  • 59
    • 0345434917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice
    • doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5636
    • Mahler M, Bristol IJ, Sundberg JP, Churchill GA, Birkenmeier EH, Elson CO, et al. Genetic analysis of susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Genomics (1999) 55:147-56. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5636.
    • (1999) Genomics , vol.55 , pp. 147-156
    • Mahler, M.1    Bristol, I.J.2    Sundberg, J.P.3    Churchill, G.A.4    Birkenmeier, E.H.5    Elson, C.O.6
  • 62
    • 0028972499 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin
    • doi:10.1126/science.270.5239.1203
    • Hermiston ML, Gordon JI. Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin. Science (1995) 270:1203-7. doi:10.1126/science.270.5239.1203.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1203-1207
    • Hermiston, M.L.1    Gordon, J.I.2
  • 63
    • 77953221408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p120-Catenin is essential for maintenance of barrier function and intestinal homeostasis in mice
    • doi:10.1172/JCI41414
    • Smalley-Freed WG, Efimov A, Burnett PE, Short SP, Davis MA, Gumucio DL, et al. p120-Catenin is essential for maintenance of barrier function and intestinal homeostasis in mice. J Clin Invest (2010) 120:1824-35. doi:10.1172/JCI41414.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , pp. 1824-1835
    • Smalley-Freed, W.G.1    Efimov, A.2    Burnett, P.E.3    Short, S.P.4    Davis, M.A.5    Gumucio, D.L.6
  • 65
    • 0032555295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of Galphai2 in the maintenance and biogenesis of epithelial cell tight junctions
    • doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34.21629
    • Saha C, Nigam SK, Denker BM. Involvement of Galphai2 in the maintenance and biogenesis of epithelial cell tight junctions. J Biol Chem (1998) 273:21629-33. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34.21629.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 21629-33
    • Saha, C.1    Nigam, S.K.2    Denker, B.M.3
  • 66
    • 37549038994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JAM-A regulates permeability and inflammation in the intestine in vivo
    • doi:10.1084/jem.20071416
    • Laukoetter MG, Nava P, Lee WY, Severson EA, Capaldo CT, Babbin BA, et al. JAM-A regulates permeability and inflammation in the intestine in vivo. J Exp Med (2007) 204:3067-76. doi:10.1084/jem.20071416.
    • (2007) J Exp Med , vol.204 , pp. 3067-3076
    • Laukoetter, M.G.1    Nava, P.2    Lee, W.Y.3    Severson, E.A.4    Capaldo, C.T.5    Babbin, B.A.6
  • 67
    • 34548825638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JAM-A mediates neutrophil transmigration in a stimulus-specific manner in vivo: evidence for sequential roles for JAM-A and PECAM-1 in neutrophil transmigration
    • doi:10.1182/blood-2006-09-047431
    • Woodfin A, Reichel CA, Khandoga A, Corada M, Voisin MB, Scheiermann C, et al. JAM-A mediates neutrophil transmigration in a stimulus-specific manner in vivo: evidence for sequential roles for JAM-A and PECAM-1 in neutrophil transmigration. Blood (2007) 110:1848-56. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-09-047431.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.110 , pp. 1848-1856
    • Woodfin, A.1    Reichel, C.A.2    Khandoga, A.3    Corada, M.4    Voisin, M.B.5    Scheiermann, C.6
  • 68
    • 85047691079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased DC trafficking to lymph nodes and contact hypersensitivity in junctional adhesion molecule-A-deficient mice
    • doi:10.1172/JCI200421231
    • Cera MR, Del Prete A, Vecchi A, Corada M, Martin-Padura I, Motoike T, et al. Increased DC trafficking to lymph nodes and contact hypersensitivity in junctional adhesion molecule-A-deficient mice. J Clin Invest (2004) 114:729-38. doi:10.1172/JCI200421231.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.114 , pp. 729-738
    • Cera, M.R.1    Del Prete, A.2    Vecchi, A.3    Corada, M.4    Martin-Padura, I.5    Motoike, T.6
  • 69
    • 46049083963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique role of junctional adhesion molecule-a in maintaining mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.04.002
    • Vetrano S, Rescigno M, Rosaria Cera M, Correale C, Rumio C, Doni A, et al. Unique role of junctional adhesion molecule-a in maintaining mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (2008) 135:173-84. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.04.002.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135 , pp. 173-184
    • Vetrano, S.1    Rescigno, M.2    Rosaria Cera, M.3    Correale, C.4    Rumio, C.5    Doni, A.6
  • 70
    • 84866523733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compromised intestinal epithelial barrier induces adaptive immune compensation that protects from colitis
    • doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.06.017
    • Khounlotham M, Kim W, Peatman E, Nava P, Medina-Contreras O, Addis C, et al. Compromised intestinal epithelial barrier induces adaptive immune compensation that protects from colitis. Immunity (2012) 37:563-73. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.06.017.
    • (2012) Immunity , vol.37 , pp. 563-573
    • Khounlotham, M.1    Kim, W.2    Peatman, E.3    Nava, P.4    Medina-Contreras, O.5    Addis, C.6
  • 71
    • 17444392533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial transport and barrier function in occludin-deficient mice
    • doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.01.008
    • Schulzke JD, Gitter AH, Mankertz J, Spiegel S, Seidler U, Amasheh S, et al. Epithelial transport and barrier function in occludin-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta (2005) 1669:34-42. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.01.008.
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1669 , pp. 34-42
    • Schulzke, J.D.1    Gitter, A.H.2    Mankertz, J.3    Spiegel, S.4    Seidler, U.5    Amasheh, S.6
  • 72
  • 73
    • 58649090901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted epithelial tight junction dysfunction causes immune activation and contributes to development of experimental colitis
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.081
    • Su L, Shen L, Clayburgh DR, Nalle SC, Sullivan EA, Meddings JB, et al. Targeted epithelial tight junction dysfunction causes immune activation and contributes to development of experimental colitis. Gastroenterology (2009) 136:551-63. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.081.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.136 , pp. 551-563
    • Su, L.1    Shen, L.2    Clayburgh, D.R.3    Nalle, S.C.4    Sullivan, E.A.5    Meddings, J.B.6
  • 74
    • 0035106502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th1-type responses mediate spontaneous ileitis in a novel murine model of Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1172/JCI10956
    • Kosiewicz MM, Nast CC, Krishnan A, Rivera-Nieves J, Moskaluk CA, Matsumoto S, et al. Th1-type responses mediate spontaneous ileitis in a novel murine model of Crohn's disease. J Clin Invest (2001) 107:695-702. doi:10.1172/JCI10956.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.107 , pp. 695-702
    • Kosiewicz, M.M.1    Nast, C.C.2    Krishnan, A.3    Rivera-Nieves, J.4    Moskaluk, C.A.5    Matsumoto, S.6
  • 75
    • 80054861647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAMP1/YitFc mouse strain: a spontaneous model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.21638
    • Pizarro TT, Pastorelli L, Bamias G, Garg RR, Reuter BK, Mercado JR, et al. SAMP1/YitFc mouse strain: a spontaneous model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2011) 17:2566-84. doi:10.1002/ibd.21638.
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 2566-2584
    • Pizarro, T.T.1    Pastorelli, L.2    Bamias, G.3    Garg, R.R.4    Reuter, B.K.5    Mercado, J.R.6
  • 76
    • 0037379778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of perianal fistulizing disease in the SAMP1/YitFc mouse, a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis
    • doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50148
    • Rivera-Nieves J, Bamias G, Vidrich A, Marini M, Pizarro TT, McDuffie MJ, et al. Emergence of perianal fistulizing disease in the SAMP1/YitFc mouse, a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis. Gastroenterology (2003) 124:972-82. doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50148.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 972-982
    • Rivera-Nieves, J.1    Bamias, G.2    Vidrich, A.3    Marini, M.4    Pizarro, T.T.5    McDuffie, M.J.6
  • 77
    • 17144402633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered epithelial cell lineage allocation and global expansion of the crypt epithelial stem cell population are associated with ileitis in SAMP1/YitFc mice
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62326-7
    • Vidrich A, Buzan JM, Barnes S, Reuter BK, Skaar K, Ilo C, et al. Altered epithelial cell lineage allocation and global expansion of the crypt epithelial stem cell population are associated with ileitis in SAMP1/YitFc mice. Am J Pathol (2005) 166:1055-67. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62326-7.
    • (2005) Am J Pathol , vol.166 , pp. 1055-1067
    • Vidrich, A.1    Buzan, J.M.2    Barnes, S.3    Reuter, B.K.4    Skaar, K.5    Ilo, C.6
  • 78
    • 33645049332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primary defect in experimental ileitis originates from a nonhematopoietic source
    • doi:10.1084/jem.20050407
    • Olson TS, Reuter BK, Scott KG, Morris MA, Wang XM, Hancock LN, et al. The primary defect in experimental ileitis originates from a nonhematopoietic source. J Exp Med (2006) 203:541-52. doi:10.1084/jem.20050407.
    • (2006) J Exp Med , vol.203 , pp. 541-552
    • Olson, T.S.1    Reuter, B.K.2    Scott, K.G.3    Morris, M.A.4    Wang, X.M.5    Hancock, L.N.6
  • 79
    • 0035897412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of zonulae occludentes from tight to leaky strand type by introducing claudin-2 into Madin-Darby canine kidney I cells
    • doi:10.1083/jcb.153.2.263
    • Furuse M, Furuse K, Sasaki H, Tsukita S. Conversion of zonulae occludentes from tight to leaky strand type by introducing claudin-2 into Madin-Darby canine kidney I cells. J Cell Biol (2001) 153:263-72. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.2.263.
    • (2001) J Cell Biol , vol.153 , pp. 263-272
    • Furuse, M.1    Furuse, K.2    Sasaki, H.3    Tsukita, S.4
  • 80
    • 0042165966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a quantitative trait locus for ileitis in a spontaneous mouse model of Crohn's disease: SAMP1/YitFc
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00876-X
    • Kozaiwa K, Sugawara K, Smith MF Jr, Carl V, Yamschikov V, Belyea B, et al. Identification of a quantitative trait locus for ileitis in a spontaneous mouse model of Crohn's disease: SAMP1/YitFc. Gastroenterology (2003) 125:477-90. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00876-X.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 477-490
    • Kozaiwa, K.1    Sugawara, K.2    Smith Jr., M.F.3    Carl, V.4    Yamschikov, V.5    Belyea, B.6
  • 81
    • 67249153150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tight junction dysregulation in the SAMP1/YitFc model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04035.x
    • Reuter BK, Pizarro TT. Mechanisms of tight junction dysregulation in the SAMP1/YitFc model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci (2009) 1165:301-7. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04035.x.
    • (2009) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1165 , pp. 301-307
    • Reuter, B.K.1    Pizarro, T.T.2
  • 82
    • 0022970442 scopus 로고
    • Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives. A possible etiologic factor
    • doi:10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-883
    • Hollander D, Vadheim CM, Brettholz E, Petersen GM, Delahunty T, Rotter JI. Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives. A possible etiologic factor. Ann Intern Med (1986) 105:883-5. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-883.
    • (1986) Ann Intern Med , vol.105 , pp. 883-885
    • Hollander, D.1    Vadheim, C.M.2    Brettholz, E.3    Petersen, G.M.4    Delahunty, T.5    Rotter, J.I.6
  • 83
    • 0035185891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil transmigration in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with differential expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63051-9
    • Kucharzik T, Walsh SV, Chen J, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Neutrophil transmigration in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with differential expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins. Am J Pathol (2001) 159:2001-9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63051-9.
    • (2001) Am J Pathol , vol.159 , pp. 2001-2009
    • Kucharzik, T.1    Walsh, S.V.2    Chen, J.3    Parkos, C.A.4    Nusrat, A.5
  • 84
    • 0032871326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal permeability test as a predictor of clinical course in Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01444.x
    • D'Inca R, Di Leo V, Corrao G, Martines D, D'Odorico A, Mestriner C, et al. Intestinal permeability test as a predictor of clinical course in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol (1999) 94:2956-60. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01444.x.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 2956-2960
    • D'Inca, R.1    Di Leo, V.2    Corrao, G.3    Martines, D.4    D'Odorico, A.5    Mestriner, C.6
  • 85
    • 0033635128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal intestinal permeability predicts relapse in inactive Crohn disease
    • doi:10.1080/003655200750056637
    • Arnott ID, Kingstone K, Ghosh S. Abnormal intestinal permeability predicts relapse in inactive Crohn disease. Scand J Gastroenterol (2000) 35:1163-9. doi:10.1080/003655200750056637.
    • (2000) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.35 , pp. 1163-1169
    • Arnott, I.D.1    Kingstone, K.2    Ghosh, S.3
  • 86
    • 27744551342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory processes have differential effects on claudins 2, 3 and 4 in colonic epithelial cells
    • doi:10.1038/labinvest.3700316
    • Prasad S, Mingrino R, Kaukinen K, Hayes KL, Powell RM, Macdonald TT, et al. Inflammatory processes have differential effects on claudins 2, 3 and 4 in colonic epithelial cells. Lab Invest (2005) 85:1139-62. doi:10.1038/labinvest.3700316.
    • (2005) Lab Invest , vol.85 , pp. 1139-1162
    • Prasad, S.1    Mingrino, R.2    Kaukinen, K.3    Hayes, K.L.4    Powell, R.M.5    Macdonald, T.T.6
  • 87
    • 33845995125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in expression and distribution of claudin 2, 5 and 8 lead to discontinuous tight junctions and barrier dysfunction in active Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2006.094375
    • Zeissig S, Burgel N, Gunzel D, Richter J, Mankertz J, Wahnschaffe U, et al. Changes in expression and distribution of claudin 2, 5 and 8 lead to discontinuous tight junctions and barrier dysfunction in active Crohn's disease. Gut (2007) 56:61-72. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.094375.
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 61-72
    • Zeissig, S.1    Burgel, N.2    Gunzel, D.3    Richter, J.4    Mankertz, J.5    Wahnschaffe, U.6
  • 88
    • 34548809778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apical junction complex protein expression in the canine colon: differential expression of claudin-2 in the colonic mucosa in dogs with idiopathic colitis
    • doi:10.1369/jhc.7A7211.2007
    • Ridyard AE, Brown JK, Rhind SM, Else RW, Simpson JW, Miller HR. Apical junction complex protein expression in the canine colon: differential expression of claudin-2 in the colonic mucosa in dogs with idiopathic colitis. J Histochem Cytochem (2007) 55:1049-58. doi:10.1369/jhc.7A7211.2007.
    • (2007) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.55 , pp. 1049-1058
    • Ridyard, A.E.1    Brown, J.K.2    Rhind, S.M.3    Else, R.W.4    Simpson, J.W.5    Miller, H.R.6
  • 89
    • 70649103789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region
    • doi:10.1038/ng.483
    • Barrett JC, Lee JC, Lees CW, Prescott NJ, Anderson CA, Phillips A, et al. Genome-wide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region. Nat Genet (2009) 41:1330-4. doi:10.1038/ng.483.
    • (2009) Nat Genet , vol.41 , pp. 1330-1334
    • Barrett, J.C.1    Lee, J.C.2    Lees, C.W.3    Prescott, N.J.4    Anderson, C.A.5    Phillips, A.6
  • 90
    • 33744795211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha orchestrates expression of cell adhesion proteins during the epithelial transformation of the developing liver
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0600246103
    • Battle MA, Konopka G, Parviz F, Gaggl AL, Yang C, Sladek FM, et al. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha orchestrates expression of cell adhesion proteins during the epithelial transformation of the developing liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006) 103:8419-24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600246103.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 8419-8424
    • Battle, M.A.1    Konopka, G.2    Parviz, F.3    Gaggl, A.L.4    Yang, C.5    Sladek, F.M.6
  • 91
    • 33646477296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha is essential for embryonic development of the mouse colon
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.003
    • Garrison WD, Battle MA, Yang C, Kaestner KH, Sladek FM, Duncan SA. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha is essential for embryonic development of the mouse colon. Gastroenterology (2006) 130:1207-20. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.003.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1207-1220
    • Garrison, W.D.1    Battle, M.A.2    Yang, C.3    Kaestner, K.H.4    Sladek, F.M.5    Duncan, S.A.6
  • 92
    • 47949083278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in the intestinal epithelial cells protects against inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.20413
    • Ahn SH, Shah YM, Inoue J, Morimura K, Kim I, Yim S, et al. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in the intestinal epithelial cells protects against inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2008) 14:908-20. doi:10.1002/ibd.20413.
    • (2008) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.14 , pp. 908-920
    • Ahn, S.H.1    Shah, Y.M.2    Inoue, J.3    Morimura, K.4    Kim, I.5    Yim, S.6
  • 95
    • 41149135384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations with tight junction genes PARD3 and MAGI2 in Dutch patients point to a common barrier defect for coeliac disease and ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2007.133132
    • Wapenaar MC, Monsuur AJ, van Bodegraven AA, Weersma RK, Bevova MR, Linskens RK, et al. Associations with tight junction genes PARD3 and MAGI2 in Dutch patients point to a common barrier defect for coeliac disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut (2008) 57:463-7. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.133132.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 463-467
    • Wapenaar, M.C.1    Monsuur, A.J.2    van Bodegraven, A.A.3    Weersma, R.K.4    Bevova, M.R.5    Linskens, R.K.6
  • 97
    • 28444452580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myosin IXB variant increases the risk of celiac disease and points toward a primary intestinal barrier defect
    • doi:10.1038/ng1680
    • Monsuur AJ, de Bakker PI, Alizadeh BZ, Zhernakova A, Bevova MR, Strengman E, et al. Myosin IXB variant increases the risk of celiac disease and points toward a primary intestinal barrier defect. Nat Genet (2005) 37:1341-4. doi:10.1038/ng1680.
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , pp. 1341-1344
    • Monsuur, A.J.1    de Bakker, P.I.2    Alizadeh, B.Z.3    Zhernakova, A.4    Bevova, M.R.5    Strengman, E.6
  • 98
    • 80051535555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epithelia-specific membrane trafficking factor AP-1B controls gut immune homeostasis in mice
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.056
    • Takahashi D, Hase K, Kimura S, Nakatsu F, Ohmae M, Mandai Y, et al. The epithelia-specific membrane trafficking factor AP-1B controls gut immune homeostasis in mice. Gastroenterology (2011) 141:621-32. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.056.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 621-632
    • Takahashi, D.1    Hase, K.2    Kimura, S.3    Nakatsu, F.4    Ohmae, M.5    Mandai, Y.6
  • 99
    • 84857467280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial cell-intrinsic Notch signaling plays an essential role in the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis
    • doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101128
    • Obata Y, Takahashi D, Ebisawa M, Kakiguchi K, Yonemura S, Jinnohara T, et al. Epithelial cell-intrinsic Notch signaling plays an essential role in the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis. J Immunol (2012) 188:2427-36. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101128.
    • (2012) J Immunol , vol.188 , pp. 2427-2436
    • Obata, Y.1    Takahashi, D.2    Ebisawa, M.3    Kakiguchi, K.4    Yonemura, S.5    Jinnohara, T.6
  • 100
    • 50249086073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetic risk for human inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.021
    • Kaser A, Lee AH, Franke A, Glickman JN, Zeissig S, Tilg H, et al. XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetic risk for human inflammatory bowel disease. Cell (2008) 134:743-56. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.021.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 743-756
    • Kaser, A.1    Lee, A.H.2    Franke, A.3    Glickman, J.N.4    Zeissig, S.5    Tilg, H.6
  • 101
    • 0030863618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the role of Paneth cells in the small intestine by lineage ablation in transgenic mice
    • doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.23729
    • Garabedian EM, Roberts LJ, McNevin MS, Gordon JI. Examining the role of Paneth cells in the small intestine by lineage ablation in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem (1997) 272:23729-40. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.23729.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 23729-40
    • Garabedian, E.M.1    Roberts, L.J.2    McNevin, M.S.3    Gordon, J.I.4
  • 102
    • 36549004522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01527.x
    • Van Limbergen J, Russell RK, Nimmo ER, Satsangi J. The genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol (2007) 102:2820-31. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01527.x.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 2820-2831
    • Van Limbergen, J.1    Russell, R.K.2    Nimmo, E.R.3    Satsangi, J.4
  • 103
    • 0032534043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel model of inflammatory bowel disease: mice deficient for the multiple drug resistance gene, mdr1a, spontaneously develop colitis
    • Panwala CM, Jones JC, Viney JL. A novel model of inflammatory bowel disease: mice deficient for the multiple drug resistance gene, mdr1a, spontaneously develop colitis. J Immunol (1998) 161:5733-44.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 5733-5744
    • Panwala, C.M.1    Jones, J.C.2    Viney, J.L.3
  • 104
    • 21744441440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial dysfunction associated with the development of colitis in conventionally housed mdr1a-/-mice
    • doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00395.2004
    • Resta-Lenert S, Smitham J, Barrett KE. Epithelial dysfunction associated with the development of colitis in conventionally housed mdr1a-/-mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2005) 289:G153-62. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00395.2004.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.289
    • Resta-Lenert, S.1    Smitham, J.2    Barrett, K.E.3
  • 105
    • 67650308476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential susceptibility of P-glycoprotein deficient mice to colitis induction by environmental insults
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.20824
    • Staley EM, Schoeb TR, Lorenz RG. Differential susceptibility of P-glycoprotein deficient mice to colitis induction by environmental insults. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2009) 15:684-96. doi:10.1002/ibd.20824.
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 684-696
    • Staley, E.M.1    Schoeb, T.R.2    Lorenz, R.G.3
  • 106
    • 44349190298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early molecular and functional changes in colonic epithelium that precede increased gut permeability during colitis development in mdr1a(-/-) mice
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.20375
    • Collett A, Higgs NB, Gironella M, Zeef LA, Hayes A, Salmo E, et al. Early molecular and functional changes in colonic epithelium that precede increased gut permeability during colitis development in mdr1a(-/-) mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2008) 14(5):620-31. doi:10.1002/ibd.20375.
    • (2008) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 620-631
    • Collett, A.1    Higgs, N.B.2    Gironella, M.3    Zeef, L.A.4    Hayes, A.5    Salmo, E.6
  • 108
    • 0034704135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and functional characterization of organic cation/carnitine transporter family in mice
    • doi:10.1074/jbc. M005340200
    • Tamai I, Ohashi R, Nezu JI, Sai Y, Kobayashi D, Oku A, et al. Molecular and functional characterization of organic cation/carnitine transporter family in mice. J Biol Chem (2000) 275:40064-72. doi:10.1074/jbc. M005340200.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 40064-72
    • Tamai, I.1    Ohashi, R.2    Nezu, J.I.3    Sai, Y.4    Kobayashi, D.5    Oku, A.6
  • 109
    • 2442585704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional variants of OCTN cation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease
    • doi:10.1038/ng1339
    • Peltekova VD, Wintle RF, Rubin LA, Amos CI, Huang Q, Gu X, et al. Functional variants of OCTN cation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease. Nat Genet (2004) 36:471-5. doi:10.1038/ng1339.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 471-475
    • Peltekova, V.D.1    Wintle, R.F.2    Rubin, L.A.3    Amos, C.I.4    Huang, Q.5    Gu, X.6
  • 110
    • 2442519456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in DLG5 is associated with inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.1038/ng1345
    • Stoll M, Corneliussen B, Costello CM, Waetzig GH, Mellgard B, Koch WA, et al. Genetic variation in DLG5 is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet (2004) 36:476-80. doi:10.1038/ng1345.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 476-480
    • Stoll, M.1    Corneliussen, B.2    Costello, C.M.3    Waetzig, G.H.4    Mellgard, B.5    Koch, W.A.6
  • 111
    • 0031840135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a novel human homolog of the Drosophila dlg, P-dlg, specifically expressed in the gland tissues and interacting with p55
    • doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00882-5
    • Nakamura H, Sudo T, Tsuiki H, Miyake H, Morisaki T, Sasaki J, et al. Identification of a novel human homolog of the Drosophila dlg, P-dlg, specifically expressed in the gland tissues and interacting with p55. FEBS Lett (1998) 433:63-7. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00882-5.
    • (1998) FEBS Lett , vol.433 , pp. 63-67
    • Nakamura, H.1    Sudo, T.2    Tsuiki, H.3    Miyake, H.4    Morisaki, T.5    Sasaki, J.6
  • 112
    • 46349091751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of DLG5 variants with gluten-sensitive enteropathy
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2007.144857
    • Festen EA, Zhernakova A, Wijmenga C, Weersma RK. Association of DLG5 variants with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Gut (2008) 57:1027-8. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.144857.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 1027-1028
    • Festen, E.A.1    Zhernakova, A.2    Wijmenga, C.3    Weersma, R.K.4
  • 113
    • 42449099865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Crohn's disease susceptibility gene DLG5 as a member of the CARD interaction network
    • doi:10.1007/s00109-008-0307-5
    • Friedrichs F, Henckaerts L, Vermeire S, Kucharzik T, Seehafer T, Moller-Krull M, et al. The Crohn's disease susceptibility gene DLG5 as a member of the CARD interaction network. J Mol Med (2008) 86:423-32. doi:10.1007/s00109-008-0307-5.
    • (2008) J Mol Med , vol.86 , pp. 423-432
    • Friedrichs, F.1    Henckaerts, L.2    Vermeire, S.3    Kucharzik, T.4    Seehafer, T.5    Moller-Krull, M.6
  • 114
    • 33846509730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DLG5 R30Q variant is a female-specific protective factor in pediatric onset Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.01011.x
    • Biank V, Friedrichs F, Babusukumar U, Wang T, Stoll M, Broeckel U, et al. DLG5 R30Q variant is a female-specific protective factor in pediatric onset Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol (2007) 102:391-8. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.01011.x.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 391-398
    • Biank, V.1    Friedrichs, F.2    Babusukumar, U.3    Wang, T.4    Stoll, M.5    Broeckel, U.6
  • 115
    • 38349113447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-stratified analysis of DLG5 R30Q in 4707 patients with Crohn disease and 4973 controls from 12 Caucasian cohorts
    • doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.050773
    • Browning BL, Annese V, Barclay ML, Bingham SA, Brand S, Buning C, et al. Gender-stratified analysis of DLG5 R30Q in 4707 patients with Crohn disease and 4973 controls from 12 Caucasian cohorts. J Med Genet (2008) 45:36-42. doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.050773.
    • (2008) J Med Genet , vol.45 , pp. 36-42
    • Browning, B.L.1    Annese, V.2    Barclay, M.L.3    Bingham, S.A.4    Brand, S.5    Buning, C.6
  • 116
    • 0029055417 scopus 로고
    • Colonic epithelium is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer
    • doi:10.1136/gut.36.6.857
    • Gibson P, Rosella O, Nov R, Young G. Colonic epithelium is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. Gut (1995) 36:857-63. doi:10.1136/gut.36.6.857.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 857-863
    • Gibson, P.1    Rosella, O.2    Nov, R.3    Young, G.4
  • 117
    • 0028903146 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular aspects of the secretory immunoglobulin system
    • doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01073.x
    • Brandtzaeg P. Molecular and cellular aspects of the secretory immunoglobulin system. APMIS (1995) 103:1-19. doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01073.x.
    • (1995) APMIS , vol.103 , pp. 1-19
    • Brandtzaeg, P.1
  • 118
    • 0034758092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human lactoferrin: a novel therapeutic with broad spectrum potential
    • doi:10.1211/0022357011777792
    • Weinberg ED. Human lactoferrin: a novel therapeutic with broad spectrum potential. J Pharm Pharmacol (2001) 53:1303-10. doi:10.1211/0022357011777792.
    • (2001) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 1303-1310
    • Weinberg, E.D.1
  • 119
    • 0024152111 scopus 로고
    • Kinin formation: mechanisms and role in inflammatory disorders
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.000405
    • Proud D, Kaplan AP. Kinin formation: mechanisms and role in inflammatory disorders. Annu Rev Immunol (1988) 6:49-83. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.000405.
    • (1988) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 49-83
    • Proud, D.1    Kaplan, A.P.2
  • 120
    • 0030174627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kallistatin, a novel human tissue kallikrein inhibitor: levels in body fluids, blood cells, and tissues in health and disease
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90152-3
    • Chao J, Schmaier A, Chen LM, Yang Z, Chao L. Kallistatin, a novel human tissue kallikrein inhibitor: levels in body fluids, blood cells, and tissues in health and disease. J Lab Clin Med (1996) 127:612-20. doi:10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90152-3.
    • (1996) J Lab Clin Med , vol.127 , pp. 612-620
    • Chao, J.1    Schmaier, A.2    Chen, L.M.3    Yang, Z.4    Chao, L.5
  • 121
    • 0036678720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kallikrein-kinin system activation in Crohn's disease: differences in intestinal and systemic markers
    • doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05919.x
    • Devani M, Cugno M, Vecchi M, Ferrero S, Di Berardino F, Avesani EC, et al. Kallikrein-kinin system activation in Crohn's disease: differences in intestinal and systemic markers. Am J Gastroenterol (2002) 97:2026-32. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05919.x.
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 2026-2032
    • Devani, M.1    Cugno, M.2    Vecchi, M.3    Ferrero, S.4    Di Berardino, F.5    Avesani, E.C.6
  • 122
    • 33644832906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kallikrein-kinin system in inflammatory bowel diseases: intestinal involvement and correlation with the degree of tissue inflammation
    • doi:10.1016/j.dld.2005.01.021
    • Devani M, Vecchi M, Ferrero S, Avesani EC, Arizzi C, Chao L, et al. Kallikrein-kinin system in inflammatory bowel diseases: intestinal involvement and correlation with the degree of tissue inflammation. Dig Liver Dis (2005) 37:665-73. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2005.01.021.
    • (2005) Dig Liver Dis , vol.37 , pp. 665-673
    • Devani, M.1    Vecchi, M.2    Ferrero, S.3    Avesani, E.C.4    Arizzi, C.5    Chao, L.6
  • 123
    • 33745746660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.020
    • Van der Sluis M, De Koning BA, De Bruijn AC, Velcich A, Meijerink JP, Van Goudoever JB, et al. Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection. Gastroenterology (2006) 131:117-29. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.020.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.131 , pp. 117-129
    • Van der Sluis, M.1    De Koning, B.A.2    De Bruijn, A.C.3    Velcich, A.4    Meijerink, J.P.5    Van Goudoever, J.B.6
  • 124
    • 41549092745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant mucin assembly in mice causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and spontaneous inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050054
    • Heazlewood CK, Cook MC, Eri R, Price GR, Tauro SB, Taupin D, et al. Aberrant mucin assembly in mice causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and spontaneous inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis. PLoS Med (2008) 5:e54. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050054.
    • (2008) PLoS Med , vol.5
    • Heazlewood, C.K.1    Cook, M.C.2    Eri, R.3    Price, G.R.4    Tauro, S.B.5    Taupin, D.6
  • 125
    • 0036313949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mucins in inflammatory bowel disease: important lessons from experimental models
    • doi:10.1097/00042737-200207000-00008
    • Einerhand AW, Renes IB, Makkink MK, van der Sluis M, Buller HA, Dekker J. Role of mucins in inflammatory bowel disease: important lessons from experimental models. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol (2002) 14:757-65. doi:10.1097/00042737-200207000-00008.
    • (2002) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.14 , pp. 757-765
    • Einerhand, A.W.1    Renes, I.B.2    Makkink, M.K.3    van der Sluis, M.4    Buller, H.A.5    Dekker, J.6
  • 126
    • 0032924112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of ulcerative colitis with rare VNTR alleles of the human intestinal mucin gene, MUC3
    • doi:10.1093/hmg/8.2.307
    • Kyo K, Parkes M, Takei Y, Nishimori H, Vyas P, Satsangi J, et al. Association of ulcerative colitis with rare VNTR alleles of the human intestinal mucin gene, MUC3. Hum Mol Genet (1999) 8:307-11. doi:10.1093/hmg/8.2.307.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 307-311
    • Kyo, K.1    Parkes, M.2    Takei, Y.3    Nishimori, H.4    Vyas, P.5    Satsangi, J.6
  • 127
    • 0035114484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of distinct variants of the intestinal mucin gene MUC3A with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1007/s100380170118
    • Kyo K, Muto T, Nagawa H, Lathrop GM, Nakamura Y. Associations of distinct variants of the intestinal mucin gene MUC3A with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. J Hum Genet (2001) 46:5-20. doi:10.1007/s100380170118.
    • (2001) J Hum Genet , vol.46 , pp. 5-20
    • Kyo, K.1    Muto, T.2    Nagawa, H.3    Lathrop, G.M.4    Nakamura, Y.5
  • 128
    • 51249120100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal deletion of Pofut1 in the mouse inactivates notch signaling and causes enterocolitis
    • doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.050
    • Guilmeau S, Flandez M, Bancroft L, Sellers RS, Tear B, Stanley P, et al. Intestinal deletion of Pofut1 in the mouse inactivates notch signaling and causes enterocolitis. Gastroenterology (2008) 135:e1-6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.050.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135
    • Guilmeau, S.1    Flandez, M.2    Bancroft, L.3    Sellers, R.S.4    Tear, B.5    Stanley, P.6
  • 129
    • 34249028548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role for the common cystic fibrosis DeltaF508 mutation in Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.20067
    • Bresso F, Askling J, Astegiano M, Demarchi B, Sapone N, Rizzetto M, et al. Potential role for the common cystic fibrosis DeltaF508 mutation in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2007) 13:531-6. doi:10.1002/ibd.20067.
    • (2007) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.13 , pp. 531-536
    • Bresso, F.1    Askling, J.2    Astegiano, M.3    Demarchi, B.4    Sapone, N.5    Rizzetto, M.6
  • 131
    • 0034990331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on bacterial translocation after experimental obstructive jaundice
    • doi:10.1080/110241501750215267
    • Unal AE, Cevikel MH, Ozgun H, Tunger A. Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on bacterial translocation after experimental obstructive jaundice. Eur J Surg (2001) 167:366-70. doi:10.1080/110241501750215267.
    • (2001) Eur J Surg , vol.167 , pp. 366-370
    • Unal, A.E.1    Cevikel, M.H.2    Ozgun, H.3    Tunger, A.4
  • 132
    • 0036720456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in neutrophil activation: GM-CSF enhances TLR2 expression and TLR2-mediated interleukin 8 responses in neutrophils
    • Kurt-Jones EA, Mandell L, Whitney C, Padgett A, Gosselin K, Newburger PE, et al. Role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in neutrophil activation: GM-CSF enhances TLR2 expression and TLR2-mediated interleukin 8 responses in neutrophils. Blood (2002) 100:1860-8.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 1860-1868
    • Kurt-Jones, E.A.1    Mandell, L.2    Whitney, C.3    Padgett, A.4    Gosselin, K.5    Newburger, P.E.6
  • 133
    • 0032535052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging applications of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
    • Armitage JO. Emerging applications of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood (1998) 92:4491-508.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , pp. 4491-4508
    • Armitage, J.O.1
  • 134
    • 3242879409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colony-stimulating factor-1 promotes clonogenic growth of normal murine colonic crypt epithelial cells in vitro
    • doi:10.1089/1079990041535638
    • Ramsay RG, Micallef SJ, Williams B, Lightowler S, Vincan E, Heath JK, et al. Colony-stimulating factor-1 promotes clonogenic growth of normal murine colonic crypt epithelial cells in vitro. J Interferon Cytokine Res (2004) 24:416-27. doi:10.1089/1079990041535638.
    • (2004) J Interferon Cytokine Res , vol.24 , pp. 416-427
    • Ramsay, R.G.1    Micallef, S.J.2    Williams, B.3    Lightowler, S.4    Vincan, E.5    Heath, J.K.6
  • 135
    • 33846420200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in experimental and human inflammatory bowel disease: discussion points
    • doi:10.1016/S1590-8658(07)60008-5
    • Pagnini C, Cominelli F. Probiotics in experimental and human inflammatory bowel disease: discussion points. Dig Liver Dis (2006) 38(Suppl 2):S270-3. doi:10.1016/S1590-8658(07)60008-5.
    • (2006) Dig Liver Dis , vol.38 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Pagnini, C.1    Cominelli, F.2
  • 136
    • 59249100550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of probiotic action: implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases
    • doi:10.1002/ibd.20525
    • Vanderpool C, Yan F, Polk DB. Mechanisms of probiotic action: implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2008) 14(11):1585-96. doi:10.1002/ibd.20525.
    • (2008) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 1585-1596
    • Vanderpool, C.1    Yan, F.2    Polk, D.B.3
  • 137
    • 39749154743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut immune stimulation by non pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. Comparison with a probiotic strain
    • doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.014
    • Dogi CA, Galdeano CM, Perdigon G. Gut immune stimulation by non pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. Comparison with a probiotic strain. Cytokine (2008) 41:223-31. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.014.
    • (2008) Cytokine , vol.41 , pp. 223-231
    • Dogi, C.A.1    Galdeano, C.M.2    Perdigon, G.3
  • 138
    • 4644249955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-kappaB-and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: a novel effect of a probiotic bacterium
    • doi:10.1128/IAI.72.10.5750-5758.2004
    • Wehkamp J, Harder J, Wehkamp K, Wehkamp-von Meissner B, Schlee M, Enders C, et al. NF-kappaB-and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: a novel effect of a probiotic bacterium. Infect Immun (2004) 72:5750-8. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.10.5750-5758.2004.
    • (2004) Infect Immun , vol.72 , pp. 5750-5758
    • Wehkamp, J.1    Harder, J.2    Wehkamp, K.3    Wehkamp-von Meissner, B.4    Schlee, M.5    Enders, C.6
  • 139
    • 33745599630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental colitis via toll-like receptor 2-and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways
    • doi:10.1128/IAI.01449-05
    • Grabig A, Paclik D, Guzy C, Dankof A, Baumgart DC, Erckenbrecht J, et al. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental colitis via toll-like receptor 2-and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways. Infect Immun (2006) 74:4075-82. doi:10.1128/IAI.01449-05.
    • (2006) Infect Immun , vol.74 , pp. 4075-4082
    • Grabig, A.1    Paclik, D.2    Guzy, C.3    Dankof, A.4    Baumgart, D.C.5    Erckenbrecht, J.6
  • 140
    • 33745413808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics and inflammatory bowel diseases
    • doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.040899
    • Bai AP, Ouyang Q. Probiotics and inflammatory bowel diseases. Postgrad Med J (2006) 82:376-82. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.040899.
    • (2006) Postgrad Med J , vol.82 , pp. 376-382
    • Bai, A.P.1    Ouyang, Q.2
  • 141
    • 0028202974 scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria
    • doi:10.1136/gut.35.4.483
    • Bernet MF, Brassart D, Neeser JR, Servin AL. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria. Gut (1994) 35:483-9. doi:10.1136/gut.35.4.483.
    • (1994) Gut , vol.35 , pp. 483-489
    • Bernet, M.F.1    Brassart, D.2    Neeser, J.R.3    Servin, A.L.4
  • 142
    • 0142187692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale for probiotic and antibiotic treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases
    • doi:10.1159/000073243
    • Schultz M, Scholmerich J, Rath HC. Rationale for probiotic and antibiotic treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Dis (2003) 21:105-28. doi:10.1159/000073243.
    • (2003) Dig Dis , vol.21 , pp. 105-128
    • Schultz, M.1    Scholmerich, J.2    Rath, H.C.3
  • 143
    • 34547852241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of AT-1001 in coeliac disease subjects: a proof of concept study
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03413.x
    • Paterson BM, Lammers KM, Arrieta MC, Fasano A, Meddings JB. The safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of AT-1001 in coeliac disease subjects: a proof of concept study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2007) 26:757-66. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03413.x.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.26 , pp. 757-766
    • Paterson, B.M.1    Lammers, K.M.2    Arrieta, M.C.3    Fasano, A.4    Meddings, J.B.5
  • 144
    • 58249085436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing small intestinal permeability attenuates colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient mouse
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2008.150888
    • Arrieta MC, Madsen K, Doyle J, Meddings J. Reducing small intestinal permeability attenuates colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient mouse. Gut (2009) 58:41-8. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.150888.
    • (2009) Gut , vol.58 , pp. 41-48
    • Arrieta, M.C.1    Madsen, K.2    Doyle, J.3    Meddings, J.4
  • 145
    • 84867101199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind study of larazotide acetate to prevent the activation of celiac disease during gluten challenge
    • doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.211
    • Leffler DA, Kelly CP, Abdallah HZ, Colatrella AM, Harris LA, Leon F, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of larazotide acetate to prevent the activation of celiac disease during gluten challenge. Am J Gastroenterol (2012) 107:1554-62. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.211.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 1554-1562
    • Leffler, D.A.1    Kelly, C.P.2    Abdallah, H.Z.3    Colatrella, A.M.4    Harris, L.A.5    Leon, F.6
  • 146
    • 38349108166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier
    • doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2007
    • Kong J, Zhang Z, Musch MW, Ning G, Sun J, Hart J, et al. Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2008) 294:G208-16. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2007.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.294
    • Kong, J.1    Zhang, Z.2    Musch, M.W.3    Ning, G.4    Sun, J.5    Hart, J.6
  • 147
    • 18344389705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D(3) promotes the differentiation of colon carcinoma cells by the induction of E-cadherin and the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling
    • doi:10.1083/jcb.200102028
    • Palmer HG, Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Espada J, Berciano MT, Puig I, Baulida J, et al. Vitamin D(3) promotes the differentiation of colon carcinoma cells by the induction of E-cadherin and the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling. J Cell Biol (2001) 154:369-87. doi:10.1083/jcb.200102028.
    • (2001) J Cell Biol , vol.154 , pp. 369-387
    • Palmer, H.G.1    Gonzalez-Sancho, J.M.2    Espada, J.3    Berciano, M.T.4    Puig, I.5    Baulida, J.6
  • 148
    • 0033932291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: association with Crohn's disease susceptibility
    • doi:10.1136/gut.47.2.211
    • Simmons JD, Mullighan C, Welsh KI, Jewell DP. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: association with Crohn's disease susceptibility. Gut (2000) 47:211-4. doi:10.1136/gut.47.2.211.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.47 , pp. 211-214
    • Simmons, J.D.1    Mullighan, C.2    Welsh, K.I.3    Jewell, D.P.4
  • 149
    • 11444264875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BsmI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Jewish Ashkenazi patients
    • doi:10.1089/gte.2004.8.417
    • Dresner-Pollak R, Ackerman Z, Eliakim R, Karban A, Chowers Y, Fidder HH. The BsmI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Jewish Ashkenazi patients. Genet Test (2004) 8:417-20. doi:10.1089/gte.2004.8.417.
    • (2004) Genet Test , vol.8 , pp. 417-420
    • Dresner-Pollak, R.1    Ackerman, Z.2    Eliakim, R.3    Karban, A.4    Chowers, Y.5    Fidder, H.H.6
  • 150
    • 0033604943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gender gap in autoimmunity
    • doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1277
    • Whitacre CC, Reingold SC, O'Looney PA. A gender gap in autoimmunity. Science (1999) 283:1277-8. doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1277.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1277-1278
    • Whitacre, C.C.1    Reingold, S.C.2    O'Looney, P.A.3
  • 152
    • 32144457524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by dehydroepiandrosterone and 7alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone in the rat
    • doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2005.10.009
    • Pelissier MA, Muller C, Hill M, Morfin R. Protection against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by dehydroepiandrosterone and 7alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone in the rat. Steroids (2006) 71:240-8. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2005.10.009.
    • (2006) Steroids , vol.71 , pp. 240-248
    • Pelissier, M.A.1    Muller, C.2    Hill, M.3    Morfin, R.4
  • 154
    • 67650351554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oestradiol decreases colonic permeability through oestrogen receptor beta-mediated up-regulation of occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-A in epithelial cells
    • doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.169300
    • Braniste V, Leveque M, Buisson-Brenac C, Bueno L, Fioramonti J, Houdeau E. Oestradiol decreases colonic permeability through oestrogen receptor beta-mediated up-regulation of occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-A in epithelial cells. J Physiol (2009) 587:3317-28. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.169300.
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , pp. 3317-3328
    • Braniste, V.1    Leveque, M.2    Buisson-Brenac, C.3    Bueno, L.4    Fioramonti, J.5    Houdeau, E.6
  • 155
    • 34547844145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: the utility and safety of heparin in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03418.x
    • Shen J, Ran ZH, Tong JL, Xiao SD. Meta-analysis: the utility and safety of heparin in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2007) 26:653-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03418.x.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.26 , pp. 653-663
    • Shen, J.1    Ran, Z.H.2    Tong, J.L.3    Xiao, S.D.4
  • 156
    • 55949135189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of intracolonic administration of low-molecular-weight heparin CB-01-05, compared to other low-molecular-weight heparins and unfractionated heparin, in experimentally induced colitis in rat
    • doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0299-6
    • Celasco G, Moro L, Bozzella R, Mangano K, Quattrocchi C, Aiello C, et al. Efficacy of intracolonic administration of low-molecular-weight heparin CB-01-05, compared to other low-molecular-weight heparins and unfractionated heparin, in experimentally induced colitis in rat. Dig Dis Sci (2008) 53(12):3170-5. doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0299-6.
    • (2008) Dig Dis Sci , vol.53 , Issue.12 , pp. 3170-3175
    • Celasco, G.1    Moro, L.2    Bozzella, R.3    Mangano, K.4    Quattrocchi, C.5    Aiello, C.6
  • 157
    • 34247275301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial heparin delivery via microspheres mitigates experimental colitis in mice
    • doi:10.1124/jpet.106.117226
    • Pellequer Y, Meissner Y, Ubrich N, Lamprecht A. Epithelial heparin delivery via microspheres mitigates experimental colitis in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2007) 321:726-33. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.117226.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.321 , pp. 726-733
    • Pellequer, Y.1    Meissner, Y.2    Ubrich, N.3    Lamprecht, A.4
  • 158
    • 48449091370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral, colonic-release low-molecular-weight heparin: an initial open study of Parnaparin-MMX for the treatment of mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03757.x
    • Pastorelli L, Saibeni S, Spina L, Signorelli C, Celasco G, de Franchis R, et al. Oral, colonic-release low-molecular-weight heparin: an initial open study of Parnaparin-MMX for the treatment of mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2008) 28:581-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03757.x.
    • (2008) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.28 , pp. 581-588
    • Pastorelli, L.1    Saibeni, S.2    Spina, L.3    Signorelli, C.4    Celasco, G.5    de Franchis, R.6
  • 159
    • 73449149293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: oral colon-release parnaparin sodium tablets (CB-01-05 MMX) for active left-sided ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04194.x
    • Celasco G, Papa A, Jones R, Moro L, Bozzella R, Surace MM, et al. Clinical trial: oral colon-release parnaparin sodium tablets (CB-01-05 MMX) for active left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2010) 31:375-86. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04194.x.
    • (2010) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.31 , pp. 375-386
    • Celasco, G.1    Papa, A.2    Jones, R.3    Moro, L.4    Bozzella, R.5    Surace, M.M.6
  • 160
    • 0027476810 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in intestinal inflammation
    • doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90485-Y
    • Murch SH, Macdonald TT, Walker-Smith JA, Levin M, Lionetti P, Klein NJ. Disruption of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in intestinal inflammation. Lancet (1993) 341:711-4. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90485-Y.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 711-714
    • Murch, S.H.1    Macdonald, T.T.2    Walker-Smith, J.A.3    Levin, M.4    Lionetti, P.5    Klein, N.J.6
  • 161
    • 15844369923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital enterocyte heparan sulphate deficiency with massive albumin loss, secretory diarrhoea, and malnutrition
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90941-1
    • Murch SH, Winyard PJ, Koletzko S, Wehner B, Cheema HA, Risdon RA, et al. Congenital enterocyte heparan sulphate deficiency with massive albumin loss, secretory diarrhoea, and malnutrition. Lancet (1996) 347:1299-301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90941-1.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1299-1301
    • Murch, S.H.1    Winyard, P.J.2    Koletzko, S.3    Wehner, B.4    Cheema, H.A.5    Risdon, R.A.6
  • 162
    • 0033636903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced heparan sulfate accumulation in enterocytes contributes to protein-losing enteropathy in a congenital disorder of glycosylation
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64830-4
    • Westphal V, Murch S, Kim S, Srikrishna G, Winchester B, Day R, et al. Reduced heparan sulfate accumulation in enterocytes contributes to protein-losing enteropathy in a congenital disorder of glycosylation. Am J Pathol (2000) 157:1917-25. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64830-4.
    • (2000) Am J Pathol , vol.157 , pp. 1917-1925
    • Westphal, V.1    Murch, S.2    Kim, S.3    Srikrishna, G.4    Winchester, B.5    Day, R.6
  • 163
    • 38149103259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 are essential in maintaining murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function
    • doi:10.1172/JCI32335
    • Bode L, Salvestrini C, Park PW, Li JP, Esko JD, Yamaguchi Y, et al. Heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 are essential in maintaining murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function. J Clin Invest (2008) 118:229-38. doi:10.1172/JCI32335.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 229-238
    • Bode, L.1    Salvestrini, C.2    Park, P.W.3    Li, J.P.4    Esko, J.D.5    Yamaguchi, Y.6
  • 164
    • 14944344567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fermentation products of pro-and prebiotics on trans-epithelial electrical resistance in an in vitro model of the colon
    • doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5101_14
    • Commane DM, Shortt CT, Silvi S, Cresci A, Hughes RM, Rowland IR. Effects of fermentation products of pro-and prebiotics on trans-epithelial electrical resistance in an in vitro model of the colon. Nutr Cancer (2005) 51:102-9. doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5101_14.
    • (2005) Nutr Cancer , vol.51 , pp. 102-109
    • Commane, D.M.1    Shortt, C.T.2    Silvi, S.3    Cresci, A.4    Hughes, R.M.5    Rowland, I.R.6
  • 165
    • 18944395895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Lactobacillus on the gut microflora and barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection
    • Qin HL, Shen TY, Gao ZG, Fan XB, Hang XM, Jiang YQ, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus on the gut microflora and barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection. World J Gastroenterol (2005) 11:2591-6.
    • (2005) World J Gastroenterol , vol.11 , pp. 2591-2596
    • Qin, H.L.1    Shen, T.Y.2    Gao, Z.G.3    Fan, X.B.4    Hang, X.M.5    Jiang, Y.Q.6
  • 166
    • 33846894974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair
    • doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00836.x
    • Zyrek AA, Cichon C, Helms S, Enders C, Sonnenborn U, Schmidt MA. Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair. Cell Microbiol (2007) 9:804-16. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00836.x.
    • (2007) Cell Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 804-816
    • Zyrek, A.A.1    Cichon, C.2    Helms, S.3    Enders, C.4    Sonnenborn, U.5    Schmidt, M.A.6
  • 167
    • 66149090738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic mixture VSL#3 protects the epithelial barrier by maintaining tight junction protein expression and preventing apoptosis in a murine model of colitis
    • doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90534.2008
    • Mennigen R, Nolte K, Rijcken E, Utech M, Loeffler B, Senninger N, et al. Probiotic mixture VSL#3 protects the epithelial barrier by maintaining tight junction protein expression and preventing apoptosis in a murine model of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2009) 296:G1140-9. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90534.2008.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.296
    • Mennigen, R.1    Nolte, K.2    Rijcken, E.3    Utech, M.4    Loeffler, B.5    Senninger, N.6
  • 168
    • 84864336737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial permeability in experimental ileitis by a TNF-dependent mechanism
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042067
    • Corridoni D, Pastorelli L, Mattioli B, Locovei S, Ishikawa D, Arseneau KO, et al. Probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial permeability in experimental ileitis by a TNF-dependent mechanism. PLoS One (2012) 7:e42067. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042067.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Corridoni, D.1    Pastorelli, L.2    Mattioli, B.3    Locovei, S.4    Ishikawa, D.5    Arseneau, K.O.6
  • 169
    • 76249094155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics promote gut health through stimulation of epithelial innate immunity
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0910307107
    • Pagnini C, Saeed R, Bamias G, Arseneau KO, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Probiotics promote gut health through stimulation of epithelial innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 107:454-9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910307107.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 454-459
    • Pagnini, C.1    Saeed, R.2    Bamias, G.3    Arseneau, K.O.4    Pizarro, T.T.5    Cominelli, F.6
  • 170
    • 0023727161 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in mucosal content of colonic glycoconjugates in inflammatory bowel disease defined by monoclonal antibodies
    • Podolsky DK, Fournier DA. Alterations in mucosal content of colonic glycoconjugates in inflammatory bowel disease defined by monoclonal antibodies. Gastroenterology (1988) 95:379-87.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.95 , pp. 379-387
    • Podolsky, D.K.1    Fournier, D.A.2
  • 171
    • 27644566447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
    • doi:10.2165/00003495-200565160-00002
    • Ardizzone S, Bianchi Porro G. Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Drugs (2005) 65:2253-86. doi:10.2165/00003495-200565160-00002.
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.65 , pp. 2253-2286
    • Ardizzone, S.1    Bianchi Porro, G.2
  • 172
    • 0036678630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment restores the gut barrier in Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05914.x
    • Suenaert P, Bulteel V, Lemmens L, Noman M, Geypens B, Van Assche G, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment restores the gut barrier in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol (2002) 97:2000-4. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05914.x.
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 2000-2004
    • Suenaert, P.1    Bulteel, V.2    Lemmens, L.3    Noman, M.4    Geypens, B.5    Van Assche, G.6
  • 173
    • 21844465744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperresponsiveness of the mucosal barrier in Crohn's disease is not tumor necrosis factor-dependent
    • doi:10.1097/01.MIB.0000168371.87283.4b
    • Suenaert P, Bulteel V, Vermeire S, Noman M, Van Assche G, Rutgeerts P. Hyperresponsiveness of the mucosal barrier in Crohn's disease is not tumor necrosis factor-dependent. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2005) 11:667-73. doi:10.1097/01.MIB.0000168371.87283.4b.
    • (2005) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.11 , pp. 667-673
    • Suenaert, P.1    Bulteel, V.2    Vermeire, S.3    Noman, M.4    Van Assche, G.5    Rutgeerts, P.6
  • 174
    • 4344700784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of epithelial apoptosis and barrier repair in active Crohn's disease by tumour necrosis factor alpha antibody treatment
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2003.036632
    • Zeissig S, Bojarski C, Buergel N, Mankertz J, Zeitz M, Fromm M, et al. Downregulation of epithelial apoptosis and barrier repair in active Crohn's disease by tumour necrosis factor alpha antibody treatment. Gut (2004) 53:1295-302. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.036632.
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 1295-1302
    • Zeissig, S.1    Bojarski, C.2    Buergel, N.3    Mankertz, J.4    Zeitz, M.5    Fromm, M.6
  • 175
    • 0038153911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha neutralization ameliorates the severity of murine Crohn's-like ileitis by abrogation of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.1432897100
    • Marini M, Bamias G, Rivera-Nieves J, Moskaluk CA, Hoang SB, Ross WG, et al. TNF-alpha neutralization ameliorates the severity of murine Crohn's-like ileitis by abrogation of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 100:8366-71. doi:10.1073/pnas.1432897100.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 8366-8371
    • Marini, M.1    Bamias, G.2    Rivera-Nieves, J.3    Moskaluk, C.A.4    Hoang, S.B.5    Ross, W.G.6
  • 176
    • 77953636430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal Escherichia coli reduces epithelial apoptosis through IFN-alphaA-mediated induction of guanylate binding protein-1 in human and murine models of developing intestine
    • doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903116
    • Mirpuri J, Brazil JC, Berardinelli AJ, Nasr TR, Cooper K, Schnoor M, et al. Commensal Escherichia coli reduces epithelial apoptosis through IFN-alphaA-mediated induction of guanylate binding protein-1 in human and murine models of developing intestine. J Immunol (2010) 184:7186-95. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903116.
    • (2010) J Immunol , vol.184 , pp. 7186-7195
    • Mirpuri, J.1    Brazil, J.C.2    Berardinelli, A.J.3    Nasr, T.R.4    Cooper, K.5    Schnoor, M.6
  • 177
    • 0037483705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor enemas with oral mesalamine for mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis or proctitis
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013136
    • Sinha A, Nightingale J, West KP, Berlanga-Acosta J, Playford RJ. Epidermal growth factor enemas with oral mesalamine for mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis or proctitis. N Engl J Med (2003) 349:350-7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013136.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 350-357
    • Sinha, A.1    Nightingale, J.2    West, K.P.3    Berlanga-Acosta, J.4    Playford, R.J.5
  • 178
    • 0029828745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired defense of intestinal mucosa in mice lacking intestinal trefoil factor
    • doi:10.1126/science.274.5285.262
    • Mashimo H, Wu DC, Podolsky DK, Fishman MC. Impaired defense of intestinal mucosa in mice lacking intestinal trefoil factor. Science (1996) 274:262-5. doi:10.1126/science.274.5285.262.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 262-265
    • Mashimo, H.1    Wu, D.C.2    Podolsky, D.K.3    Fishman, M.C.4
  • 179
    • 20444450031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trial of trefoil factor 3 enemas, in combination with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid, for the treatment of mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02436.x
    • Mahmood A, Melley L, Fitzgerald AJ, Ghosh S, Playford RJ. Trial of trefoil factor 3 enemas, in combination with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid, for the treatment of mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2005) 21:1357-64. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02436.x.
    • (2005) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 1357-1364
    • Mahmood, A.1    Melley, L.2    Fitzgerald, A.J.3    Ghosh, S.4    Playford, R.J.5
  • 180
    • 34948885187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous sphingomyelinase causes impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function
    • Bock J, Liebisch G, Schweimer J, Schmitz G, Rogler G. Exogenous sphingomyelinase causes impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. World J Gastroenterol (2007) 13:5217-25.
    • (2007) World J Gastroenterol , vol.13 , pp. 5217-5225
    • Bock, J.1    Liebisch, G.2    Schweimer, J.3    Schmitz, G.4    Rogler, G.5
  • 181
    • 0242574357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raft ceramide in molecular medicine
    • doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207146
    • Gulbins E, Kolesnick R. Raft ceramide in molecular medicine. Oncogene (2003) 22:7070-7. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207146.
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 7070-7077
    • Gulbins, E.1    Kolesnick, R.2
  • 182
    • 1642293929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceramide selectively displaces cholesterol from ordered lipid domains (rafts): implications for lipid raft structure and function
    • Megha S, London E. Ceramide selectively displaces cholesterol from ordered lipid domains (rafts): implications for lipid raft structure and function. J Biol Chem (2004) 279:9997-10004.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 9997-10004
    • Megha, S.1    London, E.2
  • 183
    • 0033931364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce non-receptor-mediated transcellular permeation of protein across a model of intestinal epithelium in vitro
    • doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02215.x
    • Rosella O, Sinclair A, Gibson PR. Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce non-receptor-mediated transcellular permeation of protein across a model of intestinal epithelium in vitro. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (2000) 15:626-31. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02215.x.
    • (2000) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.15 , pp. 626-631
    • Rosella, O.1    Sinclair, A.2    Gibson, P.R.3
  • 184
    • 0035147381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: the role of omega 3 fatty acids in intestinal inflammation
    • doi:10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00141-8
    • Teitelbaum JE, Allan Walker W. Review: the role of omega 3 fatty acids in intestinal inflammation. J Nutr Biochem (2001) 12:21-32. doi:10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00141-8.
    • (2001) J Nutr Biochem , vol.12 , pp. 21-32
    • Teitelbaum, J.E.1    Allan Walker, W.2
  • 185
    • 0037322853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gamma-linolenic acid or docosahexaenoic acid on tight junction permeability in intestinal monolayer cells and their mechanism by protein kinase C activation and/or eicosanoid formation
    • doi:10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00927-9
    • Usami M, Komurasaki T, Hanada A, Kinoshita K, Ohata A. Effect of gamma-linolenic acid or docosahexaenoic acid on tight junction permeability in intestinal monolayer cells and their mechanism by protein kinase C activation and/or eicosanoid formation. Nutrition (2003) 19:150-6. doi:10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00927-9.
    • (2003) Nutrition , vol.19 , pp. 150-156
    • Usami, M.1    Komurasaki, T.2    Hanada, A.3    Kinoshita, K.4    Ohata, A.5
  • 186
    • 0026505749 scopus 로고
    • Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • Aslan A, Triadafilopoulos G. Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Am J Gastroenterol (1992) 87:432-7.
    • (1992) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.87 , pp. 432-437
    • Aslan, A.1    Triadafilopoulos, G.2
  • 187
    • 0029992279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an enteric-coated fish-oil preparation on relapses in Crohn's disease
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199606133342401
    • Belluzzi A, Brignola C, Campieri M, Pera A, Boschi S, Miglioli M. Effect of an enteric-coated fish-oil preparation on relapses in Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med (1996) 334:1557-60. doi:10.1056/NEJM199606133342401.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1557-1560
    • Belluzzi, A.1    Brignola, C.2    Campieri, M.3    Pera, A.4    Boschi, S.5    Miglioli, M.6
  • 188
    • 9344225756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids and low carbohydrate diet for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Study Group Members (German Crohn's Disease Study Group)
    • doi:10.3109/00365529609010352
    • Lorenz-Meyer H, Bauer P, Nicolay C, Schulz B, Purrmann J, Fleig WE, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and low carbohydrate diet for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Study Group Members (German Crohn's Disease Study Group). Scand J Gastroenterol (1996) 31:778-85. doi:10.3109/00365529609010352.
    • (1996) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.31 , pp. 778-785
    • Lorenz-Meyer, H.1    Bauer, P.2    Nicolay, C.3    Schulz, B.4    Purrmann, J.5    Fleig, W.E.6
  • 190
    • 21044457089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retarded release phosphatidylcholine benefits patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis
    • doi:10.1136/gut.2004.052316
    • Stremmel W, Merle U, Zahn A, Autschbach F, Hinz U, Ehehalt R. Retarded release phosphatidylcholine benefits patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis. Gut (2005) 54:966-71. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.052316.
    • (2005) Gut , vol.54 , pp. 966-971
    • Stremmel, W.1    Merle, U.2    Zahn, A.3    Autschbach, F.4    Hinz, U.5    Ehehalt, R.6
  • 191
    • 38449107095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylcholine for steroid-refractory chronic ulcerative colitis: a randomized trial
    • doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-9-200711060-00004
    • Stremmel W, Ehehalt R, Autschbach F, Karner M. Phosphatidylcholine for steroid-refractory chronic ulcerative colitis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med (2007) 147:603-10. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-9-200711060-00004.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 603-610
    • Stremmel, W.1    Ehehalt, R.2    Autschbach, F.3    Karner, M.4
  • 192
    • 4143054569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in intestinal mucus of ulcerative colitis patients. A quantitative approach by nanoElectrospray-tandem mass spectrometry
    • doi:10.1080/00365520410006233
    • Ehehalt R, Wagenblast J, Erben G, Lehmann WD, Hinz U, Merle U, et al. Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in intestinal mucus of ulcerative colitis patients. A quantitative approach by nanoElectrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Scand J Gastroenterol (2004) 39:737-42. doi:10.1080/00365520410006233.
    • (2004) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.39 , pp. 737-742
    • Ehehalt, R.1    Wagenblast, J.2    Erben, G.3    Lehmann, W.D.4    Hinz, U.5    Merle, U.6
  • 193
    • 46449087690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathelicidin stimulates colonic mucus synthesis by up-regulating MUC1 and MUC2 expression through a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
    • doi:10.1002/jcb.21615
    • Tai EK, Wong HP, Lam EK, Wu WK, Yu L, Koo MW, et al. Cathelicidin stimulates colonic mucus synthesis by up-regulating MUC1 and MUC2 expression through a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Cell Biochem (2008) 104:251-8. doi:10.1002/jcb.21615.
    • (2008) J Cell Biochem , vol.104 , pp. 251-258
    • Tai, E.K.1    Wong, H.P.2    Lam, E.K.3    Wu, W.K.4    Yu, L.5    Koo, M.W.6
  • 194
    • 0028796718 scopus 로고
    • Colonic mucin synthesis is increased by sodium butyrate
    • doi:10.1136/gut.36.1.93
    • Finnie IA, Dwarakanath AD, Taylor BA, Rhodes JM. Colonic mucin synthesis is increased by sodium butyrate. Gut (1995) 36:93-9. doi:10.1136/gut.36.1.93.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 93-99
    • Finnie, I.A.1    Dwarakanath, A.D.2    Taylor, B.A.3    Rhodes, J.M.4
  • 195
    • 33947658915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short chain fatty acid, butyrate, stimulates MUC2 mucin production in the human colon cancer cell line, LS174T
    • doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.025
    • Hatayama H, Iwashita J, Kuwajima A, Abe T. The short chain fatty acid, butyrate, stimulates MUC2 mucin production in the human colon cancer cell line, LS174T. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2007) 356:599-603. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.025.
    • (2007) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.356 , pp. 599-603
    • Hatayama, H.1    Iwashita, J.2    Kuwajima, A.3    Abe, T.4
  • 196
    • 0034023665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucin secretion is modulated by luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon
    • doi:10.1136/gut.46.2.218
    • Barcelo A, Claustre J, Moro F, Chayvialle JA, Cuber JC, Plaisancie P. Mucin secretion is modulated by luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon. Gut (2000) 46:218-24. doi:10.1136/gut.46.2.218.
    • (2000) Gut , vol.46 , pp. 218-224
    • Barcelo, A.1    Claustre, J.2    Moro, F.3    Chayvialle, J.A.4    Cuber, J.C.5    Plaisancie, P.6
  • 197
    • 0030926950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-chain fatty acids on paracellular permeability in Caco-2 intestinal epithelium model
    • Mariadason JM, Barkla DH, Gibson PR. Effect of short-chain fatty acids on paracellular permeability in Caco-2 intestinal epithelium model. Am J Physiol (1997) 272:G705-12.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Mariadason, J.M.1    Barkla, D.H.2    Gibson, P.R.3
  • 198
    • 33846974390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of butyrate on intestinal barrier function in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier
    • doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000250014.92242.f3
    • Peng L, He Z, Chen W, Holzman IR, Lin J. Effects of butyrate on intestinal barrier function in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier. Pediatr Res (2007) 61:37-41. doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000250014.92242.f3.
    • (2007) Pediatr Res , vol.61 , pp. 37-41
    • Peng, L.1    He, Z.2    Chen, W.3    Holzman, I.R.4    Lin, J.5
  • 199
    • 0032888238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of butyrate on paracellular permeability in rat distal colonic mucosa ex vivo
    • doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01972.x
    • Mariadason JM, Kilias D, Catto-Smith A, Gibson PR. Effect of butyrate on paracellular permeability in rat distal colonic mucosa ex vivo. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (1999) 14:873-9. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01972.x.
    • (1999) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.14 , pp. 873-879
    • Mariadason, J.M.1    Kilias, D.2    Catto-Smith, A.3    Gibson, P.R.4
  • 201
    • 0029797691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of left-sided ulcerative colitis with butyrate enemas: a controlled trial
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.d01-509.x
    • Steinhart AH, Hiruki T, Brzezinski A, Baker JP. Treatment of left-sided ulcerative colitis with butyrate enemas: a controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (1996) 10:729-36. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.d01-509.x.
    • (1996) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.10 , pp. 729-736
    • Steinhart, A.H.1    Hiruki, T.2    Brzezinski, A.3    Baker, J.P.4
  • 202
    • 12444332013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical butyrate improves efficacy of 5-ASA in refractory distal ulcerative colitis: results of a multicentre trial
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01130.x
    • Vernia P, Annese V, Bresci G, D'Albasio G, D'Inca R, Giaccari S, et al. Topical butyrate improves efficacy of 5-ASA in refractory distal ulcerative colitis: results of a multicentre trial. Eur J Clin Invest (2003) 33:244-8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01130.x.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.33 , pp. 244-248
    • Vernia, P.1    Annese, V.2    Bresci, G.3    D'Albasio, G.4    D'Inca, R.5    Giaccari, S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.