Mitochondrial morphology in metabolic diseases

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 415-430

  Galloway, Chad A ^a   Yoon, Yisang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; CATALASE; DICHLOROFLUORESCEIN; DYNAMIN; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; LEPTIN; MITOFUSIN 2; PRESENILIN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RNA;

ALPHA HELIX; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; ENVIRONMENT; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FLUORESCENCE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; LIVER CELL; METABOLIC DISORDER; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS; MITOCHONDRIAL FISSION; MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE; MITOCHONDRION; MITOPHAGY; MORPHOLOGY; MUSCLE FIBRIL; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; PLASTICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RNA INTERFERENCE; TANDEM REPEAT;

ANIMALS; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; METABOLIC DISEASES; MITOCHONDRIA; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS;

EID: 84879857598     PISSN: 15230864     EISSN: 15577716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4779     Document Type: Review

References (159)

1. Anderson EJ, Kypson AP, Rodriguez E, Anderson CA, Lehr EJ, and Neufer PD. Substrate-specific derangements in mitochondrial metabolism and redox balance in the atrium of the type 2 diabetic human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 54: 1891-1898, 2009.
2. Anderson EJ, Rodriguez E, Anderson CA, Thayne K, Chitwood WR, and Kypson AP. Increased propensity for cell death in diabetic human heart is mediated by mitochondrial-dependent pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300: H118-H124, 2011.
3. Arnoult D, Rismanchi N, Grodet A, Roberts RG, Seeburg DP, Estaquier J, Sheng M, and Blackstone C. Bax/Bakdependent release of DDP/TIMM8a promotes Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitoptosis during programmed cell death. Curr Biol 15: 2112-2118, 2005. (Pubitemid 41739743)
4. Ashrafian H, Docherty L, Leo V, Towlson C, Neilan M, Steeples V, Lygate CA, Hough T, Townsend S, Williams D, et al. A mutation in the mitochondrial fission gene Dnm1l leads to cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 6: e1001000, 2010.
5. Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F, Croce LS, Brandi G, Sasso F, Cristanini G, and Tiribelli C. Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in Northern Italy. Ann Intern Med 132: 112-117, 2000. (Pubitemid 30044177)
6. Bereiter-Hahn J. Behavior of mitochondria in the living cell. Int Rev Cytol 122: 1-63, 1990. (Pubitemid 20374368)
7. Bereiter-Hahn J and Voth M. Dynamics of mitochondria in living cells: shape changes, dislocation, fusion, and fission of mitochondria. Microsc Res Tech 27: 198-219, 1994. (Pubitemid 24062014)
8. Bodrova ME, Dedukhova VI, Mokhova EN, and Skulachev VP. Membrane potential generation coupled to oxidation of external NADH in liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett 435: 269-274, 1998. (Pubitemid 28435014)
9. Boudina S, Sena S, O'Neill BT, Tathireddy P, Young ME, and Abel ED. Reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and increased mitochondrial uncoupling impair myocardial energetics in obesity. Circulation 112: 2686-2695, 2005. (Pubitemid 41532606)
10. Boudina S, Sena S, Theobald H, Sheng X, Wright JJ, Hu XX, Aziz S, Johnson JI, Bugger H, Zaha VG, et al. Mitochondrial energetics in the heart in obesity-related diabetes: direct evidence for increased uncoupled respiration and activation of uncoupling proteins. Diabetes 56: 2457-2466, 2007. (Pubitemid 47523253)
11. Braschi E, Zunino R, and McBride HM. MAPL is a new mitochondrial SUMO E3 ligase that regulates mitochondrial fission. EMBO Rep 10: 748-754, 2009.
12. Brooks C, Wei Q, Cho SG, and Dong Z. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in acute kidney injury in cell culture and rodent models. J Clin Invest 119: 1275-1285, 2009.
13. Brooks C, Wei Q, Feng L, Dong G, Tao Y, Mei L, Xie ZJ, and Dong Z. Bak regulates mitochondrial morphology and pathology during apoptosis by interacting with mitofusins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 11649-11654, 2007. (Pubitemid 47175067)
14. Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, Grundy SM, and Hobbs HH. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 40: 1387-1395, 2004. (Pubitemid 39657013)
15. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414: 813-820, 2001. (Pubitemid 34000785)
16. Buchanan J, Mazumder PK, Hu P, Chakrabarti G, Roberts MW, Yun UJ, Cooksey RC, Litwin SE, and Abel ED. Reduced cardiac efficiency and altered substrate metabolism precedes the onset of hyperglycemia and contractile dysfunction in two mouse models of insulin resistance and obesity. Endocrinology 146: 5341-5349, 2005. (Pubitemid 41653047)
17. Bugger H and Abel ED. Mitochondria in the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Res 88: 229-240, 2010.
18. Bugger H, Boudina S, Hu XX, Tuinei J, Zaha VG, Theobald HA, Yun UJ, McQueen AP, Wayment B, Litwin SE, et al. Type 1 diabetic akita mouse hearts are insulin sensitive but manifest structurally abnormal mitochondria that remain coupled despite increased uncoupling protein Diabetes 57: 2924-2932, 2008.
19. Bugger H, Chen D, Riehle C, Soto J, Theobald HA, Hu XX, Ganesan B, Weimer BC, and Abel ED. Tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in type 1 diabetic akita mice. Diabetes 58: 1986-1997, 2009.
20. Caldwell SH, Swerdlow RH, Khan EM, Iezzoni JC, Hespenheide EE, Parks JK, and Parker WD, Jr. Mitochondrial abnormalities in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 31: 430-434, 1999. (Pubitemid 29408724)
21. Chang CR and Blackstone C. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of Drp1 regulates its GTPase activity and mitochondrial morphology. J Biol Chem 282: 21583-21587, 2007. (Pubitemid 47195725)
22. Chang CR, Manlandro CM, Arnoult D, Stadler J, Posey AE, Hill RB, and Blackstone C. A lethal de novo mutation in the middle domain of the dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 impairs higher order assembly and mitochondrial division. J Biol Chem 285: 32494-32503, 2010.
23. Chen H, Charlat O, Tartaglia LA, Woolf EA, Weng X, Ellis SJ, Lakey ND, Culpepper J, Moore KJ, Breitbart RE, et al. Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell 84: 491-495, 1996. (Pubitemid 26060722)
24. Chen H, Detmer SA, Ewald AJ, Griffin EE, Fraser SE, and Chan DC. Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fusion and are essential for embryonic development. J Cell Biol 160: 189-200, 2003. (Pubitemid 36254953)
25. Cho DH, Nakamura T, Fang J, Cieplak P, Godzik A, Gu Z, and Lipton SA. S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates betaamyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury. Science 324: 102-105, 2009.
26. Choi SY, Huang P, Jenkins GM, Chan DC, Schiller J, and Frohman MA. A common lipid links Mfn-mediated mitochondrial fusion and SNARE-regulated exocytosis. Nat Cell Biol 8: 1255-1262, 2006. (Pubitemid 44660590)
27. Cipolat S, Martins de Brito O, Dal Zilio B, and Scorrano L. OPA1 requires mitofusin 1 to promote mitochondrial fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 15927-15932, 2004. (Pubitemid 39507904)
28. Cipolat S, Rudka T, Hartmann D, Costa V, Serneels L, Craessaerts K, Metzger K, Frezza C, Annaert W, D'Adamio L, et al. Mitochondrial rhomboid PARL regulates cytochrome c release during apoptosis via OPA1-dependent cristae remodeling. Cell 126: 163-175, 2006.
29. Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 40 Suppl 1: S5-S10, 2006. (Pubitemid 44309537)
30. Cortez-Pinto H, Chatham J, Chacko VP, Arnold C, Rashid A, and Diehl AM. Alterations in liver ATP homeostasis in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot study. JAMA 282: 1659-1664, 1999. (Pubitemid 29513973)
31. Cribbs JT and Strack S. Reversible phosphorylation of Drp1 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and calcineurin regulates mitochondrial fission and cell death. EMBO Rep 8: 939-944, 2007. (Pubitemid 47500477)
32. Cuesta A, Pedrola L, Sevilla T, Garcia-Planells J, Chumillas MJ, Mayordomo F, LeGuern E, Marin I, Vilchez JJ, and Palau F. The gene encoding ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 is mutated in axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4A disease. Nat Genet 30: 22-25, 2002.
33. Dabkowski ER, Baseler WA, Williamson CL, Powell M, Razunguzwa TT, Frisbee JC, and Hollander JM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the type 2 diabetic heart is associated with alterations in spatially distinct mitochondrial proteomes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 299: H529-H540, 2010.
34. Dabkowski ER, Williamson CL, Bukowski VC, Chapman RS, Leonard SS, Peer CJ, Callery PS, and Hollander JM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy-associated dysfunction in spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H359-H369, 2009.
35. Davies VJ, Hollins AJ, Piechota MJ, Yip W, Davies JR, White KE, Nicols PP, Boulton ME, and Votruba M. Opa1 deficiency in a mouse model of autosomal dominant optic atrophy impairs mitochondrial morphology, optic nerve structure and visual function. Hum Mol Genet 16: 1307-1318, 2007. (Pubitemid 47055126)
36. Day CP and James OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two ''hits''? Gastroenterology 114: 842-845, 1998.
37. de Almeida IT, Cortez-Pinto H, Fidalgo G, Rodrigues D, and Camilo ME. Plasma total and free fatty acids composition in human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Nutr 21: 219-223, 2002. (Pubitemid 34846801)
38. de Brito OM and Scorrano L. Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. Nature 456: 605-610, 2008.
39. Delettre C, Lenaers G, Griffoin JM, Gigarel N, Lorenzo C, Belenguer P, Pelloquin L, Grosgeorge J, Turc-Carel C, Perret E, et al. Nuclear gene OPA1, encoding a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein, is mutated in dominant optic atrophy. Nat Genet 26: 207-210, 2000.
40. Dohm JA, Lee SJ, Hardwick JM, Hill RB, and Gittis AG. Cytosolic domain of the human mitochondrial fission protein Fis1 adopts a TPR fold. Proteins 54: 153-156, 2004. (Pubitemid 38036922)
41. Dong F, Zhang X, Yang X, Esberg LB, Yang H, Zhang Z, Culver B, and Ren J. Impaired cardiac contractile function in ventricular myocytes from leptin-deficient ob/ob obese mice. J Endocrinol 188: 25-36, 2006. (Pubitemid 43159807)
42. Du XL, Edelstein D, Rossetti L, Fantus IG, Goldberg H, Ziyadeh F, Wu J, and Brownlee M. Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction activates the hexosamine pathway and induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by increasing Sp1 glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 12222-12226, 2000.
43. Duvezin-Caubet S, Jagasia R, Wagener J, Hofmann S, Trifunovic A, Hansson A, Chomyn A, Bauer MF, Attardi G, Larsson NG, et al. Proteolytic processing of OPA1 links mitochondrial dysfunction to alterations in mitochondrial morphology. J Biol Chem 281: 37972-37979, 2006. (Pubitemid 46042101)
44. Duvezin-Caubet S, Koppen M, Wagener J, Zick M, Israel L, Bernacchia A, Jagasia R, Rugarli EI, Imhof A, Neupert W, et al. OPA1 processing reconstituted in yeast depends on the subunit composition of the m-AAA protease in mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 18: 3582-3590, 2007. (Pubitemid 47378695)
45. Echtay KS, Roussel D, St-Pierre J, Jekabsons MB, Cadenas S, Stuart JA, Harper JA, Roebuck SJ, Morrison A, Pickering S, et al. Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Nature 415: 96-99, 2002. (Pubitemid 34062457)
46. Ehses S, Raschke I, Mancuso G, Bernacchia A, Geimer S, Tondera D, Martinou JC, Westermann B, Rugarli EI, and Langer T. Regulation of OPA1 processing and mitochondrial fusion by m-AAA protease isoenzymes and OMA1. J Cell Biol 187: 1023-1036, 2009.
47. Eitel K, Staiger H, Brendel MD, Brandhorst D, Bretzel RG, Haring HU, and Kellerer M. Different role of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in beta-cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 299: 853-856, 2002. (Pubitemid 36034564)
48. Epstein PN, Overbeek PA, and Means AR. Calmodulininduced early-onset diabetes in transgenic mice. Cell 58: 1067-1073, 1989. (Pubitemid 19238184)
49. Eura Y, Ishihara N, Oka T, and Mihara K. Identification of a novel protein that regulates mitochondrial fusion by modulating mitofusin (Mfn) protein function. J Cell Sci 119: 4913-4925, 2006. (Pubitemid 46017804)
50. Feldstein AE, Werneburg NW, Canbay A, Guicciardi ME, Bronk SF, Rydzewski R, Burgart LJ, and Gores GJ. Free fatty acids promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a lysosomal pathway. Hepatology 40: 185-194, 2004. (Pubitemid 38868937)
51. Figueroa-Romero C, Iniguez-Lluhi JA, Stadler J, Chang CR, Arnoult D, Keller PJ, Hong Y, Blackstone C, and Feldman EL. SUMOylation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 occurs at multiple nonconsensus sites within the B domain and is linked to its activity cycle. FASEB J 23: 3917-3927, 2009.
52. Finck BN, Lehman JJ, Leone TC, Welch MJ, Bennett MJ, Kovacs A, Han X, Gross RW, Kozak R, Lopaschuk GD, et al. The cardiac phenotype induced by PPARalpha overexpression mimics that caused by diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 109: 121-130, 2002. (Pubitemid 34052548)
53. Flarsheim CE, Grupp IL, and Matlib MA. Mitochondrial dysfunction accompanies diastolic dysfunction in diabetic rat heart. Am J Physiol 271: H192-H202, 1996.
54. Frank S, Gaume B, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Leitner WW, Robert EG, Catez F, Smith CL, and Youle RJ. The role of dynamin-related protein 1, a mediator of mitochondrial fission, in apoptosis. Dev Cell 1: 515-525, 2001. (Pubitemid 33586103)
55. Frezza C, Cipolat S, Martins de Brito O, Micaroni M, Beznoussenko GV, Rudka T, Bartoli D, Polishuck RS, Danial NN, De Strooper B, et al. OPA1 controls apoptotic cristae remodeling independently from mitochondrial fusion. Cell 126: 177-189, 2006.
56. Gandre-Babbe S and van der Bliek AM. The novel tailanchored membrane protein Mff controls mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 19: 2402-2412, 2008.
57. Griffin EE, Graumann J, and Chan DC. The WD40 protein Caf4p is a component of the mitochondrial fission machinery and recruits Dnm1p to mitochondria. J Cell Biol 170: 237-248, 2005. (Pubitemid 41043806)
58. Griparic L, Kanazawa T, and van der Bliek AM. Regulation of the mitochondrial dynamin-like protein Opa1 by proteolytic cleavage. J Cell Biol 178: 757-764, 2007. (Pubitemid 47347361)
59. Griparic L, van der Wel NN, Orozco IJ, Peters PJ, and van der Bliek AM. Loss of the intermembrane space protein Mgm1/OPA1 induces swelling and localized constrictions along the lengths of mitochondria. J Biol Chem 279: 18792-18798, 2004. (Pubitemid 38623305)
60. Hamby RI, Zoneraich S, and Sherman L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. JAMA 229: 1749-1754, 1974.
61. Han XJ, Lu YF, Li SA, Kaitsuka T, Sato Y, Tomizawa K, Nairn AC, Takei K, Matsui H, and Matsushita M. CaM kinase I alpha-induced phosphorylation of Drp1 regulates mitochondrial morphology. J Cell Biol 182: 573-585, 2008.
62. Harder Z, Zunino R, and McBride H. Sumo1 conjugates mitochondrial substrates and participates in mitochondrial fission. Curr Biol 14: 340-345, 2004. (Pubitemid 38300214)
63. Head B, Griparic L, Amiri M, Gandre-Babbe S, and van der Bliek AM. Inducible proteolytic inactivation of OPA1 mediated by the OMA1 protease in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 187: 959-966, 2009.
64. Hensley K, Kotake Y, Sang H, Pye QN, Wallis GL, Kolker LM, Tabatabaie T, Stewart CA, Konishi Y, Nakae D, et al. Dietary choline restriction causes complex I dysfunction and increased H(2)O(2) generation in liver mitochondria. Carcinogenesis 21: 983-989, 2000. (Pubitemid 30265144)
65. Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, and Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 6A-13A, 1993. (Pubitemid 23285789)
66. How OJ, Aasum E, Severson DL, Chan WY, Essop MF, and Larsen TS. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption reduces cardiac efficiency in diabetic mice. Diabetes 55: 466-473, 2006. (Pubitemid 43343277)
67. Huang P, Galloway CA, and Yoon Y. Control of mitochondrial morphology through differential interactions of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins. PLoS One 6: e20655, 2011.
68. Huang P, Yu T, and Yoon Y. Mitochondrial clustering induced by overexpression of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn2 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Eur J Cell Biol 86: 289-302, 2007. (Pubitemid 46825259)
69. Ishihara N, Fujita Y, Oka T, and Mihara K. Regulation of mitochondrial morphology through proteolytic cleavage of OPA1. EMBO J 25: 2966-2977, 2006. (Pubitemid 44106750)
70. Ishihara N, Nomura M, Jofuku A, Kato H, Suzuki SO, Masuda K, Otera H, Nakanishi Y, Nonaka I, Goto Y, et al. Mitochondrial fission factor Drp1 is essential for embryonic development and synapse formation in mice. Nat Cell Biol 11: 958-966, 2009.
71. James DI, Parone PA, Mattenberger Y, and Martinou JC. hFis1, a novel component of the mammalian mitochondrial fission machinery. J Biol Chem 278: 36373-36379, 2003. (Pubitemid 37139965)
72. Ji J, Zhang L, Wang P, Mu YM, Zhu XY, Wu YY, Yu H, Zhang B, Chen SM, and Sun XZ. Saturated free fatty acid, palmitic acid, induces apoptosis in fetal hepatocytes in culture. Exp Toxicol Pathol 56: 369-376, 2005. (Pubitemid 40585798)
73. Kajstura J, Fiordaliso F, Andreoli AM, Li B, Chimenti S, Medow MS, Limana F, Nadal-Ginard B, Leri A, and Anversa P. IGF-1 overexpression inhibits the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress. Diabetes 50: 1414-1424, 2001. (Pubitemid 32500175)
74. Kalra DK and Zoghbi WA. Myocardial hibernation in coronary artery disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 4: 149-155, 2002.
75. Karbowski M, Jeong SY, and Youle RJ. Endophilin B1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. J Cell Biol 166: 1027-1039, 2004. (Pubitemid 39304766)
76. Karbowski M, Neutzner A, and Youle RJ. The mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 is required for Drp1 dependent mitochondrial division. J Cell Biol 178: 71-84, 2007. (Pubitemid 47026403)
77. Kong JY and Rabkin SW. Palmitate-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is mediated through alterations in mitochondria: prevention by cyclosporin A. Biochim Biophys Acta 1485: 45-55, 2000. (Pubitemid 30259194)
78. Korshunov SS, Skulachev VP, and Starkov AA. High protonic potential actuates a mechanism of production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. FEBS Lett 416: 15-18, 1997. (Pubitemid 27470791)
79. Koshiba T, Detmer SA, Kaiser JT, Chen H, McCaffery JM, and Chan DC. Structural basis of mitochondrial tethering by mitofusin complexes. Science 305: 858-862, 2004. (Pubitemid 39038419)
80. Lashin OM, Szweda PA, Szweda LI, and Romani AM. Decreased complex II respiration and HNE-modified SDH subunit in diabetic heart. Free Radic Biol Med 40: 886-896, 2006. (Pubitemid 43327322)
81. Lee YJ, Jeong SY, Karbowski M, Smith CL, and Youle RJ. Roles of the mammalian mitochondrial fission and fusion mediators Fis1, Drp1, and Opa1 in apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell 15: 5001-5011, 2004. (Pubitemid 39392214)
82. Li Z, Berk M, McIntyre TM, Gores GJ, and Feldstein AE. The lysosomal-mitochondrial axis in free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity. Hepatology 47: 1495-1503, 2008. (Pubitemid 351702733)
83. Liang Q, Carlson EC, Donthi RV, Kralik PM, Shen X, and Epstein PN. Overexpression of metallothionein reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 51: 174-181, 2002. (Pubitemid 34517995)
84. Malhi H, Bronk SF, Werneburg NW, and Gores GJ. Free fatty acids induce JNK-dependent hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. J Biol Chem 281: 12093-12101, 2006. (Pubitemid 43855473)
85. Mazumder PK, O'Neill BT, Roberts MW, Buchanan J, Yun UJ, Cooksey RC, Boudina S, and Abel ED. Impaired cardiac efficiency and increased fatty acid oxidation in insulinresistant ob/ob mouse hearts. Diabetes 53: 2366-2374, 2004. (Pubitemid 39145591)
86. McCarron P and Davey Smith G. Commentary: incubation of coronary heart disease-recent developments. Int J Epidemiol 34: 248-250, 2005. (Pubitemid 40645307)
87. McCullough AJ. The epidemiology and risk factors of NASH. In: Fatty Liver Disease: NASH and Related Disorders, edited by Farrell GC, Hall PM, George J, and McCullough AJ. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2005, pp. 23-37.
88. McGavock JM, Lingvay I, Zib I, Tillery T, Salas N, Unger R, Levine BD, Raskin P, Victor RG, and Szczepaniak LS. Cardiac steatosis in diabetes mellitus: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Circulation 116: 1170-1175, 2007. (Pubitemid 47360218)
89. Mears JA, Lackner LL, Fang S, Ingerman E, Nunnari J, and Hinshaw JE. Conformational changes in Dnm1 support a contractile mechanism for mitochondrial fission. Nat Struct Mol Biol 18: 20-26, 2011.
90. Miele L, Grieco A, Armuzzi A, Candelli M, Forgione A, Gasbarrini A, and Gasbarrini G. Hepatic mitochondrial beta-oxidation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis assessed by 13C-octanoate breath test. Am J Gastroenterol 98: 2335-2336, 2003. (Pubitemid 37305387)
91. Molina AJ, Wikstrom JD, Stiles L, Las G, Mohamed H, Elorza A, Walzer G, Twig G, Katz S, Corkey BE, et al. Mitochondrial networking protects beta-cells from nutrientinduced apoptosis. Diabetes 58: 2303-2315, 2009.
92. Moran TH and Bi S. Hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats lacking CCK1 receptors: developmental aspects. Dev Psychobiol 48: 360-367, 2006. (Pubitemid 44090281)
93. Morgan NG, Dhayal S, Diakogiannaki E, and Welters HJ. The cytoprotective actions of long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Soc Trans 36: 905-908, 2008.
94. Nakamura N, Kimura Y, Tokuda M, Honda S, and Hirose S. MARCH-V is a novel mitofusin 2-and Drp1-binding protein able to change mitochondrial morphology. EMBO Rep 7: 1019-1022, 2006. (Pubitemid 44480517)
95. Nakamura S, Takamura T, Matsuzawa-Nagata N, Takayama H, Misu H, Noda H, Nabemoto S, Kurita S, Ota T, Ando H, et al. Palmitate induces insulin resistance in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes through reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria. J Biol Chem 284: 14809-14818, 2009.
96. Nielsen LB, Bartels ED, and Bollano E. Overexpression of apolipoprotein B in the heart impedes cardiac triglyceride accumulation and development of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 277: 27014-27020, 2002. (Pubitemid 34951713)
97. Niemann A, Ruegg M, La Padula V, Schenone A, and Suter U. Ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 is a regulator of the mitochondrial network: new implications for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Cell Biol 170: 1067-1078, 2005. (Pubitemid 41362639)
98. Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Du XL, Yamagishi S, Matsumura T, Kaneda Y, Yorek MA, Beebe D, Oates PJ, Hammes HP, et al. Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature 404: 787-790, 2000. (Pubitemid 30212409)
99. Olichon A, Baricault L, Gas N, Guillou E, Valette A, Belenguer P, and Lenaers G. Loss of OPA1 perturbates the mitochondrial inner membrane structure and integrity, leading to cytochrome c release and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 278: 7743-7746, 2003. (Pubitemid 36800505)
100. Ong SB, Subrayan S, Lim SY, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, and Hausenloy DJ. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circulation 121: 2012-2022, 2010.
101. Ostrander DB, Sparagna GC, Amoscato AA, McMillin JB, and Dowhan W Decreased cardiolipin synthesis corresponds with cytochrome c release in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis J Biol Chem 276: 38061-38067, 2001.
102. Ota T, Takamura T, Kurita S, Matsuzawa N, Kita Y, Uno M, Akahori H, Misu H, Sakurai M, Zen Y, et al. Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 132: 282-293, 2007. (Pubitemid 46108737)
103. Otera H, Wang C, Cleland MM, Setoguchi K, Yokota S, Youle RJ, and Mihara K. Mff is an essential factor for mitochondrial recruitment of Drp1 during mitochondrial fission in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 191: 1141-1158, 2010.
104. Palmer CS, Osellame LD, Laine D, Koutsopoulos OS, Frazier AE, and Ryan MT. MiD49 and MiD51, new components of the mitochondrial fission machinery. EMBO Rep 12: 565-573, 2011.
105. Papanicolaou KN, Khairallah RJ, Ngoh GA, Chikando A, Luptak I, O'Shea KM, Riley DD, Lugus JJ, Colucci WS, Lederer WJ, et al. Mitofusin-2 maintains mitochondrial structure and contributes to stress-induced permeability transition in cardiac myocytes. Mol Cell Biol 31: 1309-1328, 2011.
106. Perez-Carreras M, Del Hoyo P, Martin MA, Rubio JC, Martin A, Castellano G, Colina F, Arenas J, and Solis-Herruzo JA. Defective hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 38: 999-1007, 2003. (Pubitemid 37221683)
107. Pitts KR, McNiven MA, and Yoon Y. Mitochondria-specific function of the dynamin family protein DLP1 is mediated by its C-terminal domains. J Biol Chem279: 50286-50294, 2004. (Pubitemid 39577844)
108. Pitts KR, Yoon Y, Krueger EW, and McNiven MA. The dynamin-like protein DLP1 is essential for normal distribution and morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 10: 4403-4417, 1999.
109. Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Laye MJ, Morris RT, Borengasser SJ, Uptergrove GM, Chakravarthy MV, Booth FW, and Ibdah JA. Cessation of daily exercise dramatically alters precursors of hepatic steatosis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. J Physiol 586: 4241-4249, 2008.
110. Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Morris RT, Laye MJ, Borengasser SJ, Booth FW, and Ibdah JA. Daily exercise increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation and prevents steatosis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294: G619-G626, 2008. (Pubitemid 351468778)
111. Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Uptergrove GM, Morris EM, Naples SP, Borengasser SJ, Mikus CR, Laye MJ, Laughlin MH, Booth FW, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis and contributes to the natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an obese rodent model. J Hepatol 52: 727-736, 2010.
112. Regan TJ, Lyons MM, Ahmed SS, Levinson GE, Oldewurtel HA, Ahmad MR, and Haider B. Evidence for cardiomyopathy in familial diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 60: 884-899, 1977.
113. Rojo M, Legros F, Chateau D, and Lombes A. Membrane topology and mitochondrial targeting of mitofusins, ubiquitous mammalian homologs of the transmembrane GTPase Fzo. J Cell Sci 115: 1663-1674, 2002. (Pubitemid 34520596)
114. Santel A, Frank S, Gaume B, Herrler M, Youle RJ, and Fuller MT. Mitofusin-1 protein is a generally expressed mediator of mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci 116: 2763-2774, 2003. (Pubitemid 36857227)
115. Santel A and Fuller MT. Control of mitochondrial morphology by a human mitofusin. J Cell Sci 114: 867-874, 2001. (Pubitemid 32266258)
116. Sanyal AJ, Campbell-Sargent C, Mirshahi F, Rizzo WB, Contos MJ, Sterling RK, Luketic VA, Shiffman ML, and Clore JN. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities. Gastroenterology 120: 1183-1192, 2001. (Pubitemid 32246672)
117. Schaper J, Froede R, Hein S, Buck A, Hashizume H, Speiser B, Friedl A, and Bleese N. Impairment of the myocardial ultrastructure and changes of the cytoskeleton in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 83: 504-514, 1991.
118. Schonfeld P and Wojtczak L. Fatty acids as modulators of the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 45: 231-241, 2008.
119. Seki S, Kitada T, Yamada T, Sakaguchi H, Nakatani K, and Wakasa K. In situ detection of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. J Hepatol 37: 56-62, 2002. (Pubitemid 34713055)
120. Serasinghe MN and Yoon Y. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein hFis1 regulates mitochondrial morphology and fission through self-interaction. Exp Cell Res 314: 3494-3507, 2008.
121. Sesaki H and Jensen RE. Ugo1p links the Fzo1p and Mgm1p GTPases for mitochondrial fusion. J Biol Chem 279: 28298-28303, 2004. (Pubitemid 38900108)
122. Shen X, Zheng S, Metreveli NS, and Epstein PN. Protection of cardiac mitochondria by overexpression of MnSOD reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 55: 798-805, 2006. (Pubitemid 43343239)
123. Shen X, Zheng S, Thongboonkerd V, Xu M, Pierce WM, Jr., Klein JB, and Epstein PN. Cardiac mitochondrial damage and biogenesis in a chronic model of type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287: E896-E905, 2004. (Pubitemid 39382925)
124. Shin HW, Shinotsuka C, Torii S, Murakami K, and Nakayama K. Identification and subcellular localization of a novel mammalian dynamin-related protein homologous to yeast Vps1p and Dnm1p. J Biochem 122: 525-530, 1997. (Pubitemid 27443227)
125. Singh VP, Le B, Khode R, Baker KM, and Kumar R. Intracellular angiotensin II production in diabetic rats is correlated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes 57: 3297-3306, 2008.
126. Smirnova E, Griparic L, Shurland DL, and van der Bliek AM. Dynamin-related protein Drp1 is required for mitochondrial division in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 12: 2245-2256, 2001. (Pubitemid 33051954)
127. Song Z, Chen H, Fiket M, Alexander C, and Chan DC. OPA1 processing controls mitochondrial fusion and is regulated by mRNA splicing, membrane potential, and Yme1L. J Cell Biol 178: 749-755, 2007. (Pubitemid 47347360)
128. Srivastava S and Chan C. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals mediate palmitate-induced cytotoxicity to hepatoma cells: relation to mitochondrial permeability transition. Free Radic Res 41: 38-49, 2007. (Pubitemid 44896873)
129. Stojanovski D, Koutsopoulos OS, Okamoto K, and Ryan MT. Levels of human Fis1 at the mitochondrial outer membrane regulate mitochondrial morphology. J Cell Sci 117: 1201-1210, 2004. (Pubitemid 38456101)
130. Suzuki M, Jeong SY, Karbowski M, Youle RJ, and Tjandra N. The solution structure of human mitochondria fission protein Fis1 reveals a novel TPR-like helix bundle. J Mol Biol 334: 445-458, 2003. (Pubitemid 37386346)
131. Szabadkai G, Simoni AM, Chami M, Wieckowski MR, Youle RJ, and Rizzuto R. Drp-1-dependent division of the mitochondrial network blocks intraorganellar Ca2 + waves and protects against Ca2 + -mediated apoptosis. Mol Cell 16: 59-68, 2004. (Pubitemid 39330152)
132. Taguchi N, Ishihara N, Jofuku A, Oka T, and Mihara K. Mitotic phosphorylation of dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 participates in mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 282: 11521-11529, 2007. (Pubitemid 47100787)
133. Tieu Q and Nunnari J. Mdv1p is a WD repeat protein that interacts with the dynamin-related GTPase, Dnm1p, to trigger mitochondrial division. J Cell Biol 151: 353-366, 2000.
134. Tondera D, Czauderna F, Paulick K, Schwarzer R, Kaufmann J, and Santel A. The mitochondrial protein MTP18 contributes to mitochondrial fission in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci 118: 3049-3059, 2005. (Pubitemid 41149909)
135. Tondera D, Grandemange S, Jourdain A, Karbowski M, Mattenberger Y, Herzig S, Da Cruz S, Clerc P, Raschke I, Merkwirth C, et al. SLP-2 is required for stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion. EMBO J 28: 1589-1600, 2009.
136. Tondera D, Santel A, Schwarzer R, Dames S, Giese K, Klippel A, and Kaufmann J. Knockdown of MTP18, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent protein, affects mitochondrial morphology and induces apoptosis. J Biol Chem 279: 31544-31555, 2004. (Pubitemid 39037823)
137. Twig G, Elorza A, Molina AJ, Mohamed H, Wikstrom JD, Walzer G, Stiles L, Haigh SE, Katz S, Las G, et al. Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy. EMBO J 27: 433-446, 2008. (Pubitemid 351161653)
138. Wakabayashi J, Zhang Z, Wakabayashi N, Tamura Y, Fukaya M, Kensler TW, Iijima M, and Sesaki H. The dynaminrelated GTPase Drp1 is required for embryonic and brain development in mice. J Cell Biol 186: 805-816, 2009.
139. Wasiak S, Zunino R, and McBride HM. Bax/Bak promote sumoylation of DRP1 and its stable association with mitochondria during apoptotic cell death. J Cell Biol 177: 439-450, 2007. (Pubitemid 46718273)
140. Wei Y, Wang D, Topczewski F, and Pagliassotti MJ. Saturated fatty acids induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis independently of ceramide in liver cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291: E275-E281, 2006. (Pubitemid 44035286)
141. Williamson CL, Dabkowski ER, Baseler WA, Croston TL, Alway SE, and Hollander JM. Enhanced apoptotic propensity in diabetic cardiac mitochondria: influence of subcellular spatial location. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298: H633-H642, 2010.
142. Wold LE and Ren J. Streptozotocin directly impairs cardiac contractile function in isolated ventricular myocytes via a p38 map kinase-dependent oxidative stress mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318: 1066-1071, 2004. (Pubitemid 38625884)
143. Ye G, Metreveli NS, Donthi RV, Xia S, Xu M, Carlson EC, and Epstein PN. Catalase protects cardiomyocyte function in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53: 1336-1343, 2004. (Pubitemid 38569021)
144. Yonashiro R, Ishido S, Kyo S, Fukuda T, Goto E, Matsuki Y, Ohmura-Hoshino M, Sada K, Hotta H, Yamamura H, et al. A novel mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase plays a critical role in mitochondrial dynamics. EMBO J 25: 3618-3626, 2006. (Pubitemid 44264872)
145. Yoon Y, Galloway CA, Jhun BS, and Yu T. Mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 14: 439-457, 2011.
146. Yoon Y, Krueger EW, Oswald BJ, and McNiven MA The mitochondrial protein hFis1 regulates mitochondrial fission in mammalian cells through an interaction with the dynamin-like protein DLP1.Mol Cell Biol 23: 5409-5420, 2003. (Pubitemid 36950895)
147. Yoon Y, Pitts KR, Dahan S, and McNiven MA. A novel dynamin-like protein associates with cytoplasmic vesicles and tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 140: 779-793, 1998. (Pubitemid 28141217)
148. Yoon Y, Pitts KR, and McNiven MA. Mammalian dynamin-like protein DLP1 tubulates membranes. Mol Biol Cell 12: 2894-2905, 2001. (Pubitemid 33051952)
149. Yoshioka M, Kayo T, Ikeda T, and Koizumi A. A novel locus, Mody4, distal to D7Mit189 on chromosome 7 determines early-onset NIDDM in nonobese C57BL/6 (Akita) mutant mice. Diabetes 46: 887-894, 1997. (Pubitemid 27188269)
150. Yu T, Fox RJ, Burwell LS, and Yoon Y. Regulation of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis by the mitochondrial outer membrane protein hFis1. J Cell Sci 118: 4141-4151, 2005. (Pubitemid 41488953)
151. Yu T, Jhun BS, and Yoon Y. High-glucose stimulation increases reactive oxygen species production through the calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated activation of mitochondrial fission. Antioxid Redox Signal 14: 425-437, 2011.
152. Yu T, Robotham JL, and Yoon Y. Increased production of reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic conditions requires dynamic change of mitochondrial morphology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 2653-2658, 2006.
153. Yu T, Sheu SS, Robotham JL, and Yoon Y. Mitochondrial fission mediates high glucose-induced cell death through elevated production of reactive oxygen species. Cardiovasc Res 79: 341-351, 2008. (Pubitemid 351951612)
154. Zhang L, Seitz LC, Abramczyk AM, and Chan C. Synergistic effect of cAMP and palmitate in promoting altered mitochondrial function and cell death in HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 316: 716-727, 2010.
155. Zhang Y and Chan DC. Structural basis for recruitment of mitochondrial fission complexes by Fis1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 18526-18530, 2007. (Pubitemid 350210730)
156. Zhang Y, Jiang L, Hu W, Zheng Q, and Xiang W Mitochondrial dysfunction during in vitro hepatocyte steatosis is reversed by omega-3 fatty acid-induced up-regulation of mitofusin Metabolism 60: 767-775, 2011.
157. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, and Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372: 425-432, 1994. (Pubitemid 24365442)
158. Zhao J, Liu T, Jin S, Wang X, Qu M, Uhlen P, Tomilin N, Shupliakov O, Lendahl U, and Nister M. Human MIEF1 recruits Drp1 to mitochondrial outer membranes and promotes mitochondrial fusion rather than fission. EMBO J 30: 2762-2778, 2011.
159. Address correspondence to: Dr. Yisang Yoon Department of Physiology Georgia Health Sciences University 1120 15th St. Augusta, GA 30912 E-mail: yyoon@georgiahealth.edu Date of first submission to ARS Central, July 2, 2012; date of acceptance, July 15, 2012.