Herbal medicines for the management of diabetes

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Volumn 771, Issue , 2013, Pages 396-413

  Li, George Q ^a   Kam, Antony ^a   Wong, Ka H ^a   Zhou, Xian ^a   Omar, Eshaifol A ^a   Alqahtani, Ali ^a   Li, Kong M ^b   Razmovski Naumovski, Valentina ^a,c   Chan, Kelvin ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASTRAGALUS MEMBRANACEUS EXTRACT; BERBERINE; CATALPOL; CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII EXTRACT; CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM EXTRACT; COPTIS CHINENSIS EXTRACT; DIDEMETHOXYCURCUMIN; DIHYDROCAFFEIC ACID; DIOSCOREA OPPOSITA EXTRACT; EPICATECHIN GALLATE; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; GINSENG EXTRACT; GINSENOSIDE RB 1; GINSENOSIDE RE; GINSENOSIDE RG 1; GINSENOSIDE RH 2; GREEN TEA EXTRACT; GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE EXTRACT; INSULIN; LYCIUM BARBARIUM POLYSACCHARIDE; MOMORDICA CHARANTIA EXTRACT; MULBERRY EXTRACT; PLACEBO; PLANT EXTRACT; POLYSACCHARIDE; PUERARIN; QUERCETIN; TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; AYURVEDA; CAMELLIA SINENSIS; CHINESE MEDICINE; CINNAMOMUM; CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII; CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM; CURCUMA; CURCUMA OBLONGA; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIOSCOREA OPPOSITA; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESEARCH; GANODERMA LUCIDUM; GINGER; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLUCOSE ABSORPTION; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; MUSCLE TISSUE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; POMEGRANATE; PUERARIA LOBATA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SALACIA; SALACIA OBLONGA; STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; TREATMENT DURATION; WESTERN HERBALISM; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW;

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMANS; MEDICINE, AYURVEDIC;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84874536619     PISSN: 00652598     EISSN: 22148019     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_28     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ, van Haeften TW. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Res 2007; 32(1-2): 19-37.
2. Unger J, Parkin CG. Type 2 diabetes: an expanded view of pathophysiology and therapy. Postgrad Med 2010; 122(3): 145-157.
3. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: global burden. [Online] IDF Diabetes Altas. Available: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/content/diabetes-and-impaired-glucose-tolerance [Accessed: 2011]. 2009.
4. Montecucco F, Steffens S, Mach F. Insulin resistance: a proinflammatory state mediated by lipid-induced signaling dysfunction and involved in atherosclerotic plaque instability. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2008:1-10.
5. Taton J, Czech A, Piatkiewicz P. Insulin as the main regulator of cellular glucose utilization-aetiological aspects of insulin resistance. Endokrynol Pol 2010; 61(4):388-394.
6. Sesti G. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 20(4):665-679.
7. Li WL, Zheng HC, Bukuru J et al. Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92(1):1-21.
8. Andrade-Cetto A, Heinrich M. Mexican plants with hypoglycaemic effect used in the treatment of diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99(3):325-348.
9. Mukherjee PK, Maiti K, Mukherjee K et al. Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 106(1): 1-28.
10. Goldner M. Medicine: Issues to consider in this emerging form of health care Research in the Sociology of Health Care 2000; 17:215-236.
11. Yin J, Zhang H, Ye J. Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8(2):99-111.
12. Bensky D, Barolet R. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Formulas and Strategies, 2nd ed. Seattle: Eastland Press, 2009.
13. Choate CJ. Modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine: diabetes mellitus (Part one). Journal of Chinese Medicine 1998; 58:1-10.
14. Morrison JH. The Book Of Ayurveda, 1st ed. London: Simon and Schuster Australia, 1995.
15. Sharma H, Clark C. Introduction: What maharishi ayur-veda offers to clinical medicine. In: Sharma H, Clark C. Contemporary Ayurveda: Medicine and Research in Maharishi Ayur-Veda. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
16. Williamson EM. Major Herbs of Ayurveda, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
17. Watkins PJ, Drury PL, Howell SL. Diabetes and its Management, 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1996.
18. Anderson A, Awang PD, Barton ND et al, eds. Professional Guide To Condition Herbs And Supplements. Newton: Intergrative Medicine Communications, 2000.
19. Weiss RF, Fintelmann V. Herbal Medicine, 2nd ed. New York: Thieme, 2000.
20. Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100.
21. Suzuki Y, Hikino H. Mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of panaxans A and B, glycans of Panax ginseng roots: Effects on plasma level, secretion, sensitivity and binding of insulin in mice. Phytotherapy Research 1989; 3(1):20-24.
22. Li GD, Lu ZQ. Effect of ginseng saponins on insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets in the rat. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He ZaZhi 1987; 7(6):357-359, 326.
23. Han KL, Jung MH, Sohn JH et al. Ginsenoside 20S-protopanaxatriol (PPT) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in3T3-Ll adipocytes. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2006; 29(1): 110-113.
24. Waki I, Kyo H, Yasuda M et al. Effects of a hypoglycemic component of ginseng radix on insulin biosynthesis in normal and diabetic animals. J Pharmacobiodyn 1982; 5(8):547-554.
25. Kim K, Kim HY. Korean red ginseng stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 120(2): 190-195.
26. Luo JZ, Luo L. American ginseng stimulates insulin production and prevents apoptosis through regulation of uncoupling protein-2 in cultured beta cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2006; 3(3):365-372.
27. Park SM, Hong SM, Sung SR et al. Extracts of Rehmanniae radix, Ginseng radix and Scutellariae radix improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation through IRS2 induction. Genes Nutr 2008;2(4):347-351.
28. Yibchok-anun S, Adisakwattana S, Yao CY et al. Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29(6): 1126-1131.
29. Han C, Hui Q, Wang Y. Hypoglycaemic activity of saponin fraction extracted from Momordica charantia in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22(13): 1112-1119.
30. Hafizur RM, Kabir N, Chishti S. Modulation of pancreatic beta-cells inneonatally streptozotocin-inducedtype 2 diabetic rats by the ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia fruit pulp. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25(4):353-367.
31. Abdollahi M, Zuki AB, Goh YM et al. Effects of Momordica charantia on pancreatic histopathological changes associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in neonatal rats. Histol Histopathol 2011; 26(1): 13-21.
32. Persaud SJ, Al-Majed H, Raman A et al. Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability. J Endocrinol 1999; 163(2):207-212.
33. Liu B, Asare-Anane H, Al-Romaiyan A et al. Characterisation of the insulinotropic activity of an aqueous extract of Gymnema sylvestre in mouse beta-cells and human islets of Langerhans. Cell Physiol Biochem 2009; 23(1-3): 125-132.
34. Ahmed AB, Rao AS, Rao MV. In vitro callus and in vivo leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre stimulate beta-cells regeneration and anti-diabetic activity in Wistar rats. Phytomedicine 2010; 17(13): 1033-1039.
35. Stull AJ, Cash KC, Johnson WD et al. Bioactives in blueberries improve insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant men and women. J Nutr 2010; 140(10): 1764-1768.
36. Takikawa M, Inoue S, Horio F et al. Dietary anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice. J Nutr 2010; 140(3): 527-533.
37. Kannappan S, Anuradha CV. Insulin sensitizing actions of fenugreek seed polyphenols, quercetin and metformin in a rat model. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129(4):401-408.
38. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lai B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49:1057-1061.
39. Klomann SD, Mueller AS, Pallauf J et al. Antidiabetic effects of bitter gourd extracts in insulin-resistant db/db mice. Br J Nutr 2010; 104(11): 1613-1620.
40. Sridhar MG, Vinayagamoorthi R, Ami Suyambunathan V et al. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) improves insulin sensitivity by increasing skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in high-fat-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2008; 99(4): 806-812.
41. Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL et al. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18(1):46-56.
42. Lee HJ, Lee YH, Park SK et al. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates the development of diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Metabolism 2009; 58(8): 1170-1177.
43. Mollah ML, Kim GS, Moon HK et al. Antiobesity effects of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) mediated by PPAR-gamma, GLUT4 and LPL in ob/ob mice. Phytother Res 2009; 23(2):220-225.
44. Lee WK, Kao ST, Liu IM et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the active principles of Panax ginseng root to improve insulin sensitivity in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39(5):347-354.
45. Juan YC, Kuo YH, Chang CC et al. Administration of a decoction of sucrose- and polysaccharide-rich radix astragali (huang qi) ameliorated insulin resistance and Fatty liver but affected Beta-cell function in type 2 diabetic rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011:349807.
46. Liu M, Wu K, Mao X et al. Astragalus polysaccharide improves insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice: regulation of PKB/GLUT4 signaling in skeletal muscle. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127(1):32-37.
47. Mao XQ, Yu F, Wang N et al. Hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharide enriched extract of Astragalus membranaceus in diet induced insulin resistant C57BL/6J mice and its potential mechanism. Phytomedicine 2009; 16(5):416-425.
48. Serisier S, Leray V, Poudroux W et al. Effects of green tea on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma and their target genes in obese dogs. Br J Nutr 2008; 99(6): 1208-1216.
49. John Wahren, Ekberg K. Splanchnic regulation of glucose production. Annu Rev Nutr 2007; 27:329-345.
50. Wolfs MGM, Hofker MH, Wijmenga C et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: new genetic insights will lead to new therapeutics. Curr Genomics 2009; 10:110-118.
51. Agius L, Aiston SMM. GKRP/GK Control of metabolic fluxes in hepatocytes. In: Matschinsky FM, Magnuson MA, eds. Glucokinase and Glycaemic Disease. Basel: Karger, 208-221.
52. Ulbricht C, Seamon E, eds. Natural Standard Herbal Pharmacotherapy: An Evidence-Based Approach. St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier, 2009.
53. Radziuk J, Pye S. Hepatic glucose uptake, gluconeogenesis and the regulation of glycogen synthesis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001; 17:250-212.
54. Barthel A, Schmoll D. Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 285:E685-E692.
55. Kim SJ, Yuan HD, Chung SH. Ginsenoside Rgl suppresses hepatic glucose production via AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:325-328.
56. Williamson E, ed. Major Herbs of Ayurveda. China: Elsevier Science, 2002.
57. Jun Yin, Zhang H, Ye J. Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8(2):99-111.
58. Thorne Research Inc. Momordica charantia (bitter melon). Alternative Medicine Review 2007; 12 (4): 360-363.
59. Hui H, Tang G, Go VLW. Review hypoglycemic herbs and their action mechanisms. Chin Med 2009; 4:1-11.
60. Mao X-q, Wu Y, Wu K et al. Astragalus polysaccharide reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and restores glucose homeostasis in a diabetic KKAy mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1947-1956.
61. Zou F, Mao X-q, Wang N et al. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates glucose toxicity and restores glucose homeostasis in diabetic states via activation of AMPK. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1607-1615.
62. Waltner-Law ME, Wang XL, Law BK et al. Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:34933-34940.
63. Staehr P, Hother-Nielsen O, Beck-Nielsen H. Hepatic glucose production therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2001; 4:215-223.
64. Tiwari AK, Rao JM. Diabetes mellitus and multiple therapeutic approaches of phytochemicals: Present status and future prospects. Current Science 2002; 83:30-38.
65. Shen Y, Fukushima M, Ito Y et al. Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74(12):2418-2425.
66. Kim W, Khil LY, Clark R et al. Naphthalenemethyl ester derivative of dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, a component of cinnamon, increases glucose disposal by enhancing translocation of glucose transporter 4. Diabetologia 2006; 49(10):2437-2448.
67. Cao H, Graves DJ, Anderson RA. Cinnamon extract regulates glucose transporter and insulin-signaling gene expression in mouse adipocytes. Phytomedicine 2010; 17(13): 1027-1032.
68. Cao H, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon extract and polyphenols affect the expression of tristetraprolin, insulin receptor, and glucose transporter 4 in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 459(2):214-222.
69. Cao H, Hininger-Favier I, Kelly MA et al. Green tea polyphenol extract regulates the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and insulin signaling in rats fed a high fructose diet. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55(15):6372-6378.
70. Wu L-Y, Juan C-C, Hwang LS et al. Green tea supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance and increases glucose transporter IV content in a fructose-fed rat model. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43(2): 116-124.
71. Nishiumi S, Bessyo H, Kubo M et al. Green and black tea suppress hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by retaining the expression of glucose transporter 4 in muscle of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(24): 12916-12923.
72. Ashida H, Furuyashiki T, Nagayasu H et al. Anti-obesity actions of green tea: possible involvements in modulation of the glucose uptake system and suppression of the adipogenesis-related transcription factors. Biofactors 2004; 22(1-4): 135-140.
73. Ueda M, Nishiumi S, Nagayasu H et al. Epigallocatechin gallate promotes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377(1):286-290.
74. Zhang ZF, Li Q, Liang J et al. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) protects the insulin sensitivity in rat L6 muscle cells exposed to dexamethasone condition. Phytomedicine 2010; 17(1): 14-18.
75. Mohammad S, Taha A, Akhtar K et al. In vivo effect of Trigonella foenum graecum on the expression of pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and distribution of glucose transporter (GLUT4) in alloxan-diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84(6):647-654.
76. Vijayakumar MV, Singh S, Chhipa RR et al. The hypoglycaemic activity of fenugreek seed extract is mediated through the stimulation of an insulin signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146(1):41-48.
77. Shih CC, Lin CH, Lin WL et al. Momordica charantia extract on insulin resistance and the skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein in fructose-fed rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123(1):82-90.
78. Kumar R, Balaji S, Uma TS et al. Fruit extracts of Momordica charantia potentiate glucose uptake and up-regulate Glut-4, PPAR gamma and PI3K. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126(3):533-537.
79. Tan M-J, Ye J-M, Turner N et al. Antidiabetic activities of triterpenoids isolated from bitter melon associated with activation of the AMPK pathway. Chem Biol 2008; 15(3):263-273.
80. Ma X, Egawa T, Kimura H et al. Berberine-induced activation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and glucose transport in rat skeletal muscles. Metabolism 2010; 59(11): 1619-1627.
81. Lim S, Yoon JW, Choi SH et al. Effect of ginsam, a vinegar extract from Panax ginseng, on body weight and glucose homeostasis in an obese insulin-resistant rat model. Metabolism 2009; 58(1):8-15.
82. Huang Y-C, Lin C-Y, Huang S-F et al. Effect and mechanism of ginsenosides CK and Rgl on stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(10):6039-6047.
83. Shang W, Yang Y, Zhou L et al. Ginsenoside Rbl stimulates glucose uptake through insulin-like signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol 2008; 198(3):561-569.
84. Kim M, Ahn BY, Lee JS et al. The ginsenoside Rg3 has a stimulatory effect on insulin signaling in L6 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389(1): 70-73.
85. Zhao R, Li Q, Xiao B. Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the improvement of insulin resistance in NIDDMrats. Yakugaku Zasshi 2005; 125(12):981-988.
86. Shieh J-P, Cheng K-C, Chung H-H et al. Plasma glucose lowering mechanisms of catalpol, an active principle from roots of Rehmannia glutinosa, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:3747-3753.
87. Gao X, Li B, Jiang H et al. Dioscorea opposita reverses dexamethasone induced insulin resistance. Fitoterapia 2007;78(1):12-15.
88. Liu M, Wu K, Mao X et al. Astragalus polysaccharide improves insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice: regulation of PKB/GLUT4 signaling in skeletal muscle. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127(1):32-37.
89. Hsu F-L, Liu IM, Kuo D-H et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of puerarin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nat Prod 2003; 66(6):788-792.
90. American Diabetes Association. Postprandial blood glucose. Diabetes Care 2001; 24(4):775-778.
91. Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y et al. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care 1999; 22(2):233-240.
92. Boutati EI, Raptis SA. Postprandial hyperglycaemiaintype 2 diabetes: pathophysiological aspects, teleological notions and flags for clinical practice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2004; 20 Suppl 2:S13-S23.
93. Li Y, Wen S, Kota BP et al. Punica granatum flower extract, a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, improves postprandial hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99(2):239-244.
94. Nhiem NX, Kiem PV, Minh CV et al. Alpha-Glucosidase inhibition properties of cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58(5):720-724.
95. Uebanso T, Arai H, Taketani Y et al. Extracts of Momordica charantia suppress postprandial hyperglycemia in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53(6):482-488.
96. Shetty A, Kumar G, Salimath P. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) modulates activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49(8): 791-796.
97. Matsuur H, Asakawa C, Kurimoto M et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from the seeds ofbalsam pear (Momordica charantia) and the fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66(7): 1576-1578.
98. Hansawasdi C, Kawabata J. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect of mulberry (Moms alba) leaves on Caco-2. Fitoterapia 2006; 77(7-8):568-573.
99. Miyahara C, Miyazawa M, Satoh S et al. Inhibitory effects of mulberry leaf extract on postprandial hyperglycemia in normal rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2004; 50(3): 161-164.
100. Kwon HJ, Chung JY, Kim JY et al. Comparison of 1-deoxynojirimycin and aqueous mulberry leaf extract with emphasis on postprandial hypoglycemic effects: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59(7):3014-3019.
101. Park JM, Bong HY, Jeong HI et al. Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf in Goto-Kakizaki rats and counterpart control Wistar rats. Nutr Res Pract 2009; 3(4):272-278.
102. Yatsunami K, Ichida M, Onodera S. The relationship between 1-deoxynoj irimycin content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in leaves of 276 mulberry cultivars (Moms spp.) in Kyoto, Japan. J Nat Med 2008; 62(1):63-66.
103. Kimura T, Nakagawa K, Kubota H et al. Food-grade mulberry powder enriched with 1-deoxynojirimycin suppresses the elevation ofpostprandial blood glucose in humans. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55(14): 5869-5874.
104. Kim SD, Nho HJ. Isolation and characterization of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. J Microbiol 2004; 42(3):223-227.
105. Gad MZ, El-Sawalhi MM, Ismail MF et al. Biochemical study of the anti-diabetic action of the Egyptian plants fenugreek and balanites. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 281(1-2): 173-183.
106. P S, Zinjarde SS, Bhargava SY et al. Potent alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plants. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011; 11:5.
107. Ponnusamy S, Ravindran R, Zinjarde S et al. Evaluation of traditional Indian antidiabetic medicinal plants for human pancreatic amylase inhibitory effect in vitro. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011.
108. Du ZY, Liu RR, Shao WY et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition of natural curcuminoids and curcumin analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41(2):213-218.
109. Rani MP, Padmakumari KP, Sankarikutty B et al. Inhibitory potential of ginger extracts against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, inflammation and induced oxidative stress. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 62(2): 106-110.
110. Koh LW, Wong LL, Loo YY et al. Evaluation of different teas against starch digestibility by mammalian glycosidases. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(1): 148-154.
111. McDougall GJ, Shpiro F, Dobson P et al. Different polyphenolic components of soft fruits inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(7):2760-2766.
112. Li DQ, Qian ZM, Li SP. Inhibition of three selected beverage extracts on alpha-glucosidase and rapid identification of their active compounds using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and biochemical detection. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(11):6608-6613.
113. Abeywickrama KR, Ratnasooriya WD, Amarakoon AM. Oral hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and antidiabetic activities of Sri Lankan Broken Orange Pekoe Farmings (BOPF) grade black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011.
114. Huang TH, Peng G, Li GQ et al. Salaciaoblongaroot improves postprandial hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: activation of PPAR-alpha. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 210(3):225-235.
115. Li Y, Peng G, Li Q et al. Salacia oblonga improves cardiac fibrosis and inhibits postprandial hyperglycemia in obese Zucker rats. Life Sci 2004; 75(14): 1735-1746.
116. Muraoka O, Morikawa T, Miyake S et al. Quantitative analysis of neosalacinol and neokotalanol, another two potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia species, by LC-MS with ion pair chromatography. J Nat Med 2011; 65(1): 142-148.
117. Muraoka O, Morikawa T, Miyake S et al. Quantitative determination of potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, salacinol and kotalanol, in Salacia species using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52(5):770-773.
118. Williams JA, Choe YS, Noss MJ et al. Extract of Salacia oblonga lowers acute glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86(1):124-130.
119. Xie W, Tanabe G, Akaki J et al. Isolation, structure identification and SAR studies on thiosugar sulfonium salts, neosalaprinol and neoponkoranol, as potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19(6):2015-2022.
120. Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC). Design, implementation and preliminary results of a longterm follow-up of the diabetes control and complications trial cohort. Diabetes Care 1999; 22(1):99-111.
121. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(14):977-986.
122. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(2): 129-139.
123. Omar EA, Kam A, Alqahtani A et al. Herbal medicines and nutraceuticals for diabetic vascular complications: mechanisms of action and bioactive phytochemicals. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16(34):3776-3807.