Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome

Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 99-111

  Yin, Jun ^a   Zhang, Hanjie ^a   Ye, Jianping ^a  

^a PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Adipogenesis; American Ginseng; Berberine; Glucose Metabolism; Protopanaxatriol; STZ induced diabetic rats

Indexed keywords

ALOE VERA EXTRACT; ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; ASTRAGALUS MEMBRANACEUS EXTRACT; BERBERINE; CASSIA EXTRACT; COPTIS RHIZOME; CORNUS OFFICINALIS EXTRACT; CRATAEGUS EXTRACT; GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACT; GINGER EXTRACT; GINSENG EXTRACT; GINSENOSIDE; GINSENOSIDE RE; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLUCOSE; GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS EXTRACT; LIGUSTRUM LUCIDUM EXTRACT; LYCIUM BARBARUM EXTRACT; METFORMIN; MOMORDICA CHARANTIA EXTRACT; PANAX NOTOGINSENG EXTRACT; PLACEBO; PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM EXTRACT; POLYGONATUM EXTRACT; PROTOPANAXADIOL; PUERARIA EXTRACT; REHMANNIA GLUTINOSA EXTRACT; SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA EXTRACT; TOLBUTAMIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT;

ALLOXAN DIABETES MELLITUS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CHINESE MEDICINE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIARRHEA; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FATTY LIVER; GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; INFECTION; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID METABOLISM; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; REVIEW; STREPTOZOCIN DIABETES; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECT; GINSENG; METABOLISM; MOMORDICA CHARANTIA; PHYTOTHERAPY;

ANIMALS; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; BERBERINE; DIABETES MELLITUS; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; LIPID METABOLISM; MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MOMORDICA CHARANTIA; PANAX; PHYTOTHERAPY;

EID: 47249158048     PISSN: 18715303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187153008784534330     Document Type: Review

References (194)

1. Day, C. (2007) Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res., 4, 32-38.
2. Ford, E.S.; Giles, W.H. and Dietz, W.H. (2002) JAMA, 287, 356-359.
3. Kylin, E. (1923) Zentralblatt Fuer Innere Medizin, 44, 105-127.
4. Reaven, G.M. (1988) Diabetes, 37, 1595-1607.
5. Alberti, K.G. and Zimmet, P.Z. (1998) Diabet. Med., 15, 539-553.
6. Balkau, B. and Charles, M.A. (1999) Diabet. Med., 16, 442-443.
7. Gogia, A. and Agarwal, P.K. (2006) Indian J. Med. Sci., 60, 72-81.
8. Wang, B. Huangdi Neijing., 1 ed. Beijing, Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2003.
9. Tang, X. Basic Theroies of Traditional Chinese Medicine., 1 ed. Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2006.
10. Wang, Q.Q. (2005) Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 3, 486-488.
11. Yao, S.; Liu, A. Analyze the content of Xiaoke and its complications in Neijing Journal of Beijing University of TCM 23, 2000.
12. Li, W.L.; Zheng, H.C.; Bukuru, J. and De Kimpe, N. (2004) J. Ethnopharmacol., 92, 1-21.
13. Qu, R. Herbology., 1 ed. Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2006.
14. Ren shen. In Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary, 1 ed. School JNM, Ed. Shanghai, Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1986, p. 29-36.
15. Vuksan, V. and Sievenpiper, J.L. (2005) Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 15, 149-160.
16. Xie, J.T.; McHendale, S. and Yuan, C.S. (2005) Am. J. Chin. Med., 33, 397-404.
17. Fen, Y. Radix ginseng. In Modern Chinese Materia Medica, 1 ed. Xiao P, Ed. Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, 2002, p. 1-12.
18. Ng, T.B. and Yeung, H.W. (1985) Gen. Pharmacol., 16, 549-552.
19. Attele, A.S.; Zhou, Y.P.; Xie, J.T.; Wu, J.A.; Zhang, L.; Dey, L.; Pugh, W.; Rue, P.A.; Polonsky, K.S. and Yuan, C.S. (2002) Diabetes, 51, 1851-1858.
20. Xie, J.T.; Zhou, Y.P.; Dey, L.; Attele, A.S.; Wu, J.A.; Gu, M.; Polonsky, K.S. and Yuan, C.S. (2002) Phytomedicine, 9, 254-258.
21. Dey, L.; Xie, J.T.; Wang, A.; Wu, J.; Maleckar, S.A. and Yuan, C.S. (2003) Phytomedicine, 10, 600-605.
22. Xie, J.T.; Mehendale, S.R.; Wang, A.; Han, A.H.; Wu, J.A.; Osinski, J. and Yuan, C.S. (2004) Pharmacol. Res., 49, 113-117.
23. Yun, S.N.; Moon, S.J.; Ko, S.K.; Im, B.O. and Chung, S.H. (2004) Arch. Pharm. Res., 27, 790-796.
24. Yun, S.N.; Ko, S.K.; Lee, K.H. and Chung, S.H. (2007) Arch. Pharm. Res., 30, 587-595.
25. Sotaniemi, E.A.; Haapakoski, E. and Rautio, A. (1995) Diabetes Care, 18, 1373-1375.
26. Vuksan, V.; Sung, M.K.; Sievenpiper, J.L.; Stavro, P.M.; Jenkins, A.L.; Di B.M.; Lee, K.S.; Leiter, L.A.; Nam, K.Y.; Arnason, J.T.; Choi, M. and Naeem, A. (2006) Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 18, 46-56.
27. Vuksan, V.; Sievenpiper, J.L.; Koo, V.Y.; Francis, T.; Beljan-Zdravkovic, U.; Xu, Z. and Vidgen, E. (2000) Arch. Intern. Med., 160, 1009-1013
28. Vuksan, V.; Stavro, M.P.; Sievenpiper, J.L.; Beljan-Zdravkovic, U.; Leiter, L.A.; Josse, R.G. and Xu, Z. (2000) Diabetes Care, 23, 1221-1226.
29. Vuksan, V.; Stavro, M.P.; Sievenpiper, J.L.; Koo, V.Y.; Wong, E.; Beljan-Zdravkovic, U.; Francis, T.; Jenkins, A.L.; Leiter, L.A.; Josse, R.G. and Xu, Z. (2000) J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 19, 738-744.
30. Vuksan, V.; Sievenpiper, J.L.; Wong, J.; Xu, Z.; Beljan-Zdravkovic, U.; Arnason, J.T.; Assinewe, V.; Stavro, M.P.; Jenkins, A.L.; Leiter, L.A. and Francis, T. (2001) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73, 753-758.
31. Sievenpiper, J.L.; Sung, M.K.; Di Buono, M.; Seung-Lee, K.; Nam, K.Y.; Arnason, J.T.; Leiter, L.A. and Vuksan, V. (2006) J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 25, 100-107.
32. Qureshi, A.A.; Abuirmeileh, N.; Din, Z.Z.; Ahmad, Y.; Burger, W.C. and Elson, C.E. (1983) Atherosclerosis, 48, 81-94.
33. Yamamoto, M.; Uemura, T.; Nakama, S.; Uemiya, M. and Kumagai, A. (1983) Am. J. Chin. Med., 11, 96-101.
34. Kim, S.H. and Park, K.S. (2003) Pharmacol. Res., 48, 511-513.
35. Yang, Y.; Wu, T.; He, K. and Fu, Z.G. (1999) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao, 20, 563-565.
36. Karu, N.; Reifen, R. and Kerem, Z. (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2824-2828.
37. Kim, J.H.; Hahm, D.H.; Yang, D.C.; Kim, J.H.; Lee, H.J. and Shim, I. (2005) J. Pharmacol. Sci., 97, 124-131.
38. Yoon, M.; Lee, H.; Jeong, S.; Kim, J.J.; Nicol, C.J.; Nam, K.W.; Kim, M.; Cho, B.G. and Oh, G.T. (2003) Br. J. Pharmacol., 138, 1295-1302.
39. Kimura, M.; Waki, I.; Chujo, T.; Kikuchi, T.; Hiyama, C.; Yamazaki, K. and Tanaka, O. (1981) J. Pharmacobiodyn., 4, 410-417.
40. Lee, W.K.; Kao, S.T.; Liu, I.M. and Cheng, J.T. (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 33, 27-32.
41. Waki, I.; Kyo, H.; Yasuda, M. and Kimura, M. (1982) J. Pharmacobiodyn., 5, 547-554.
42. Li, Q. (1993) Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao, 15, 187-192.
43. Su, C.F.; Cheng, J.T. and Liu, I.M. (2007) Neurosci. Lett., 412, 101-104.
44. Luo, J.Z. and Luo, L. (2006) Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med., 3, 365-372.
45. Kim, H.Y. and Kim, K. (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2816-2823.
46. Zhang, Z.; Li, X.; Lv, W.; Yang, Y.; Gao, H.; Yang, J.; Shen, Y. and Ning, G. (2008) Mol. Endocrinol., 22, 186-95.
47. Ye, J. (2007) Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 7, 65-74.
48. Schwartz, M.W.; Woods, S.C.; Porte, D.Jr.; Seeley, R.J. and Baskin, D.G. (2000) Nature, 404, 661-671.
49. Huang, li. In Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary, 1 ed. School JNM, Ed. Shanghai, Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1986, p., 2022-2030.
50. Berberine. In Handbook of Effective Compositions in Plants, 1 ed. Bureau CMMICoNMM, Ed. Beijing, People's Medical Publishing House, 1991, p., 12-18
51. Yin, J. Xing, H. and Ye, J. (2008) Metabolism, in press.
52. Kong, W.; Wei, J.; Abidi, P.; Lin, M.; Inaba, S.; Li, C.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Si, S.; Pan, H.; Wang, S.; Wu, J.; Wang, Y.; Li, Z.; Liu, J. and Jiang, J.D. (2004) Nat. Med., 10, 1344-1351.
53. Yin, J.; Gao, Z.; Liu, D.; Liu, Z. and Ye, J. (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 294, E148-156.
54. Lee, Y.S.; Kim, W.S.; Kim, K.H.; Yoon, M.J.; Cho, H.J.; Shen, Y.; Ye, J.M.; Lee, C.H.; Oh, W.K.; Kim, C.T.; Hohnen-Behrens, C.; Gosby, A.; Kraegen, E.W.; James, D.E. and Kim, J.B. (2006) Diabetes, 55, 2256-2264.
55. Yin, J.; Chen, M.; Tang, J.; Li, F.; Zhou, L.; Yang, Y. and Chen, J. (2004) Chi. J. Diabetes, 12, 215-218.
56. Leng, S.H.; Lu, F.E. and Xu, L.J. (2004) Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 25, 496-502.
57. Tang, L.Q.; Wei, W.; Chen, L.M. and Liu, S. (2006) J. Ethnopharmacol., 108, 109-115.
58. Yin, J.; Chen, M.; Yang, Y.; Tang, J. and Li, F. (2003) Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Secondae Shanghai, 23, 28-30.
59. Cicero, A.F.; Rovati, L.C. and Setnikar, I. (2007) Arzneimittelforschung, 57, 26-30.
60. Brusq, J.M.; Ancellin, N.; Grondin, P.; Guillard, R.; Martin, S.; Saintillan, Y. and Issandou, M. I (2006) J. Lipid Res., 47, 1281-1288.
61. Yin, J.; Hu, R.; Chen, M.; Tang, J.; Li, F.; Yang, Y. and Chen, J. (2002) Metabolism, 51, 1439-1443.
62. Cheng, Z.; Pang, T.; Gu, M.; Gao, A.H.; Xie, C.M.; Li, J.Y.; Nan, F.J. and Li, J. (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1760, 1682-1689.
63. Kim, S.H.; Shin, E.J.; Kim, E.D.; Bayaraa, T.; Frost, S.C. and Hyun, C.K. (2007) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 30, 2120-2125.
64. Zhou, L.; Yang, Y.; Wang, X.; Liu, S.; Shang, W.; Yuan, G.; Li, F.; Tang, J.; Chen, M. and Chen, J. (2007) Metabolism, 56, 405-412.
65. Wang, S.H.; Wang, W.J.; Wang, X.F. and Chen, W. (2004) Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 24, 926-928.
66. Ko, B.S.; Choi, S.B.; Park, S.K.; Jang, J.S.; Kim, Y.E. and Park, S. (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 1431-1437.
67. Hardie, D.G. (2004) Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord., 5, 119-125.
68. Kahn, B.B.; Alquier, T.; Carling, D. and Hardie, D.G. (2005) Cell Metab., 1, 15-25.
69. Mikes, V. and Dadak, V. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 723, 231-239.
70. Mikes, V. and Yaguzhinskij, L.S. (1985) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 17, 23-32.
71. Barreto, M.C.; Pinto, R.E.; Arrabaca, J.D. and Pavao, M.L. (2003) Toxicol. Lett., 146, 37-47.
72. Kong, L.D.; Cheng, C.H. and Tan, R.X. (2001) Planta Med., 67, 74-76.
73. Iagodina, O.V.; Nikol'skaia, E.B. and Faddeeva, M.D. (2003) Tsitologiia, 45, 1032-1037.
74. Castillo, J.; Hung, J.; Rodriguez, M.; Bastidas, E.; Laboren, I. and Jaimes, A. (2005) Anal. Biochem., 343, 293-298.
75. Pospisilik, J.A.; Knauf, C.; Joza, N.; Benit, P.; Orthofer, M.; Cani, P.D.; Ebersberger, I.; Nakashima. T.; Sarao, R.; Neely, G.; Esterbauer, H.; Kozlov, A.; Kahn, C.R.; Kroemer, G.; Rustin, P.; Burcelin, R. and Penninger, J.M. (2007) Cell, 131, 476-491.
76. Pan, G.Y.; Wang, G.J.; Sun, J.G.; Huang, Z.J.; Zhao, X.C.; Gu, Y. and Liu, X.D. (2003) Yao Xue Xue Bao, 38, 911-914.
77. Pan, G.Y.; Huang, Z.J.; Wang, G.J.; Fawcett, J.P.; Liu, X.D.; Zhao, X.C.; Sun, J.G. and Xie, Y.Y. (2003) Planta Med. 69, 632-636.
78. Huang, C.; Zhang, Y.; Gong, Z.; Sheng, X.; Li, Z.; Zhang, W. and Qin, Y. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 348, 571-578.
79. Choi, B.H.; Ahn, I.S.; Kim, Y.H.; Park, J.W.; Lee, S.Y.; Hyun, C.K. and Do, M.S. (2006) Exp. Mol. Med., 38, 599-605.
80. Zhou, L.B.; Chen, M.D.; Wang, X.; Song, H.D.; Yang, Y.; Tang, J.F.; Li, F.Y.; Xu, M.Y. and Chen, J.L. (2003) Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 83, 338-340.
81. Rosen, E.D. and MacDougald, O.A. (2006) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 885-896.
82. Abidi, P.; Zhou, Y.; Jiang, J.D. and Liu, J. (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 2170-2176.
83. Lee, S.; Lim, H.J.; Park, H.Y.; Lee, K.S.; Park, J.H. and Jang, Y. (2006) Atherosclerosis, 186, 29-37.
84. Liang, K.W.; Ting, C.T.; Yin, S.C.; Chen, Y.T.; Lin, S.J.; Liao, J.K. and Hsu, S.L. (2006) Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 806-817.
85. Lee, S.; Lim, H.J.; Park, J.H.; Lee, K.S.; Jang, Y. and Park, H.Y. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 362, 853-857.
86. Turnbaugh, P.J.; Ley, R.E.; Mahowald, M.A.; Magrini, V.; Mardis, E.R. and Gordon, J.I. (2006) Nature, 444, 1027-1031.
87. Ku, g. In Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary, 1 ed. School JNM, Ed. Shanghai, Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1986, p., 1281
88. Khanna, P.; Jain, S.C.; Panagariya, A. and Dixit, V.P. (1981) J. Nat. Prod., 44, 648-655.
89. Day, C.; Cartwright, T.; Provost, J. and Bailey, C.J. (1990) Planta Med., 56, 426-429.
90. Abd El Sattar El Batran, S.; El-Gengaihi, S.E.; El Shabrawy, O.A. (2006) J. Ethnopharmacol., 108, 236-242.
91. Rathi, S.S.; Grover, J.K.; Vikrant, V. and Biswas, N.R. (2002) Phytother. Res., 16, 774-777.
92. Miura, T.; Itoh, C.; Iwamoto, N.; Kato, M.; Kawai, M.; Park, S.R. and Suzuki, I. (2001) J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 47, 340-344.
93. Miura, T.; Itoh, Y.; Iwamoto, N.; Kato, M. and Ishida, T. (2004) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 248-250.
94. Srivastava, Y.; Venkatakrishna-Bhatt, H. and Verma, Y. (1988) Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 20, 201-209.
95. Singh, N.; Tyagi, S.D. and Agarwal, S.C. (1989) Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 33, 97-100.
96. Shibib, B.A.; Khan, L.A. and Rahman, R. (1993) Biochem. J., 292, 267-270.
97. Virdi, J.; Sivakami, S.; Shahani, S.; Suthar, A.C.; Banavalikar, M.M. and Biyani, M.K. (2003) J. Ethnopharmacol., 88, 107-111.
98. Sarkar, S.; Pranava, M. and Marita, R. (1996) Pharmacol. Res., 33, 1-4.
99. Ali, L.; Khan, A.K.; Mamun, M.I.; Mosihuzzaman, M.; Nahar, N.; Nur-e-Alam, M. and Rokeya, B. (1993) Planta Med., 59, 408-412.
100. Karunanayake, E.H.; Jeevathayaparan, S. and Tennekoon, K.H. (1990) J. Ethnopharmacol., 30, 199-204.
101. Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. (1995) Nahrung, 39, 262-268.
102. Chaturvedi, P.; George, S.; Milinganyo, M. and Tripathi, Y. (2004) Phytother. Res., 18, 954-956.
103. Fernandes, N.P.; Lagishetty, C.V.; Panda, V.S. and Naik, S.R. (2007) BMC Complement Altern. Med., 7, 29.
104. Ahmed, I.; Lakhani, M.S.; Gillett, M.; John, A. and Raza, H. (2001) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 51, 155-161.
105. Yadav, U.C. and Moorthy, K. and Baquer, N.Z. (2005) Mol. Cell Biochem., 268, 111-120.
106. Chaturvedi, P. (2005) Br. J. Biomed. Sci., 62, 124-126.
107. Raza, H.; Ahmed, I. and John, A. (2004) Life Sci., 74, 1503-1511.
108. Sathishsekar, D. and Subramanian, S. (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 978-983.
109. Sitasawad, S.L.; Shewade, Y. and Bhonde, R. (2000) J. Ethnopharmacol., 73, 71-79.
110. Ahmed, I.; Adeghate, E.; Sharma, A.K.; Pallot, D.J. and Singh, J. (1998) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 40, 145-151.
111. Cummings, E.; Hundal, H.S.; Wackerhage, H.; Hope, M.; Belle, M; Adeghate, E. and Singh, J. (2004) Mol. Cell Biochem., 261, 99-104.
112. Ahmed, I.; Adeghate, E.; Cummings, E.; Sharma, A.K. and Singh, J. (2004) Mol. Cell Biochem., 261, 63-70.
113. Kumar, S.A.; Suresh, K.G. and Veerayya, S. P. (2005) Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 49, 791-796.
114. Ahmad, N.; Hassan, M.R.; Halder, H. and Bennoor, K.S. (1999) Bangladesh Med. Res. Counc. Bull., 25, 11-13.
115. Welihinda, J.; Karunanayake, E.H.; Sheriff, M.R. and Jayasinghe, K.S. (1986) J. Ethnopharmacol., 17, 277-282
116. Tongia, A.; Tongia, S.K. and Dave, M. (2004) Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 48, 241-244.
117. Dans, A.M.; Villarruz, M.V.; Jimeno, C.A.; Javelosa, M.A.; Chua, J.; Bautista, R. and Velez, G.G. (2007) J. Clin. Epidemiol. 60, 554-559.
118. Okyar, A.; Can, A.; Akev, N.; Baktir, G. and Sutlupinar, N. (2001) Phytother. Res., 15, 157-161.
119. Rajasekaran, S.; Sivagnanam, K. and Subramanian, S. (2005) J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 57, 241-246.
120. Rajasekaran, S.; Ravi, K., Sivagnanam, K. and Subramanian, S. (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 33, 232-237.
121. Kannappan, S.; Jayaraman, T.; Rajasekar, P.; Ravichandran, M.K. and Anuradha, C.V. (2006) Singapore Med. J., 47, 858-863.
122. Mang, B.; Wolters, M.; Schmitt, B.; Kelb, K.; Lichtinghagen, R.; Stichtenoth, D.O. and Hahn, A. (2006) Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 36, 340-344
123. Kim, S.H.; Hyun, S.H. and Choung, S.Y. (2006) J. Ethnopharmacol., 104, 119-123.
124. Qin, B.; Nagasaki, M.; Ren, M.; Bajotto, G.; Oshida, Y. and Sato, Y. (2004) Horm. Metab. Res., 36, 119-125.
125. Qin, B.; Nagasaki, M.; Ren, M.; Bajotto, G.; Oshida, Y. and Sato, Y. (2003) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 62, 139-148.
126. Shanthi, S.; Parasakthy, K.; Deepalakshmi, P.D. and Devaraj, S.N. (1994) Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 31, 143-146.
127. Jouad, H.; Lemhadri, A.; Maghrani, M.; Burcelin, R. and Eddouks, M. (2003) J. Herb. Pharmacother., 3, 19-29.
128. Jayaprakasam, B.; Olson, L.K.; Schutzki, R.E.; Tai, M.H. and Nair, M.G. (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 243-248.
129. Qian, D.S.; Zhu, Y.F. and Zhu, Q. (2001) Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 26, 859-862.
130. Hsu, J.H.; Wu, Y.C.; Liu, I.M. and Cheng, J.T. (2006) Neurosci. Lett., 404, 112-116.
131. Hao, Z.; Hang, B. and Wang, Y. (1992) Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 17, 429-431.
132. Li, X.M. (2007) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 40, 461-465.
133. Luo, Q.; Cai, Y.; Yan, J.; Sun, M. and Corke, H. (2004) Life Sci., 76, 137-149.
134. Xu, M.; Zhang, H. and Wang, Y. (2002) Zhong Yao Cai, 25, 649-651.
135. Chen, W.Q.; Luo, S.H.; Ll, H.Z. and Yang, H. (2005) Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 30, 1358-1360.
136. Berger, A.; Rein, D.; Kratky, E.; Monnard, I.; Hajjaj, H.; Meirim, I.; Piguet-Welsch, C.; Hauser, J.; Mace, K. and Niederberger, P. (2004) Lipids Health Dis., 3, 2.
137. Zhang, H.N.; He, J.H.; Yuan, L. and Lin, Z.B. (2003) Life Sci., 73, 2307-2319.
138. He, C.Y.; Li, W.D.; Guo, S.X.; Lin, S.Q. and Lin, Z.B. (2006) J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 8, 705-711.
139. Zhang, H.N. and Lin, L.B. (2004) Acta. Pharmacol. Sin., 25, 191-195.
140. Hikino, H.; Ishiyama, M.; Suzuki, Y. and Konno, C. (1989) Planta Med., 55, 423-428.
141. Al-Amin, Z.M.; Thomson, M.; Al-Qattan, K.K.; Peltonen-Shalaby, R. and Ali, M. (2006) Br. J. Nutr., 96, 660-666.
142. Akhani, S.P.; Vishwakarma, S.L. and Goyal, R.K. (2004) J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 56, 101-105.
143. Ojewole, J.A. (2006) Phytother. Res., 20, 764-772.
144. Bhandari, U.; Kanojia, R. and Pillai, K.K. (2005) J. Ethnopharmacol., 97, 227-230.
145. Kadnur, S.V. and Goyal, R.K. (2005) Indian J. Exp. Biol., 43, 1161-1164.
146. Fuhrman, B.; Rosenblat, M.; Hayek, T.; Coleman, R. and Aviram, M. (2000) J. Nutr., 130, 1124-1131.
147. Liu, N.; Huo, G.; Zhang, L. and Zhang, X. (2003) Wei. Sheng Yan Jiu, 32, 22-23.
148. Bhandari, U.; Sharma, J.N. and Zafar, R. (1998) J. Ethnopharmacol., 61, 167-171.
149. Mae, T.; Kishida, H.; Nishiyama, T.; Tsukagawa, M.; Konishi, E.; Kuroda, M.; Mimaki, Y.; Sashida, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Kawada, T.; Nakagawa, K. and Kitahara, M. (2003) J. Nutr., 133, 3369-3377.
150. Aoki, F.; Honda, S.; Kishida, H.; Kitano, M.; Arai, N.; Tanaka, H.; Yokota, S.; Nakagawa, K.; Asakura, T.; Nakai, Y. and Mae, T. (2007) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 71, 206-214.
151. Nakagawa, K.; Kishida, H.; Arai, N.; Nishiyama, T. and Mae, T. (2004) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 1775-1778.
152. Ji, W. and Gong, B.Q. (2007) J. Ethnopharmacol., 113, 318-324.
153. Cicero, A.F.; Vitale, G.; Savino. G. and Arletti, R. (2003) Phytother. Res., 17, 174-178.
154. Gong, Y.H.; Jiang, J.X.; Li, Z.; Zhu, L.H. and Zhang, Z.Z. (1991) Yao Xue Xue Bao, 26, 81-85.
155. Wen, C. and Xu, H. and Huang, Q.F. (2005) Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 25, 345-349.
156. Han, L.K.; Zheng, Y.N.; Xu, B.J.; Okuda, H. and Kimura, Y. (2002) J. Nutr., 132, 2241-2245.
157. Han, L.K.; Xu, B.J.; Kimura, Y.; Zheng, Y. and Okuda, H. (2000) J. Nutr., 130, 2760-2764.
158. Zhao, H.L.; Sim, J.S.; Shim, S.H.; Ha, Y.W.; Kang, S.S. and Kim, Y.S. (2005) Int. J. Obes. (Lond.), 29, 983-990.
159. Choi, H.; Eo, H.; Park, K.; Jin, M.; Park, E.J.; Kim, S.H.; Park, J.E. and Kim, S. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 359, 419-425.
160. Quanhong, L.; Caili, F.; Yukui, R.; Guanghui, H. and Tongyi, C. (2005) Plant Foods Hum Nutr., 60, 13-16.
161. Xie, J.T.; Wang, C.Z.; Wang, A.B.; Wu, J.; Basila, D. and Yuan, C.S. (2005) Acta. Pharmacol. Sin., 26, 1104-1110.
162. Lu, J.; Zou, D. and Zhang, J. (1999) Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 19, 420-422.
163. Li, R.J.; Qiu, S.D.; Chen, H.X.; Tian, H. and Wang, H.X. (2007) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 30, 470-476.
164. Wu, Y.; Cao, Y.; Shi, X. and Shi, Y. (1996) Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 21, 240-242. inside backcover,
165. Choi, S.B.; Ko, B.S.; Park, S.K.; Jang, J.S. and Park, S. (2006) Life Sci., 78, 934-942.
166. Zhang, S.P.; Fang, W.J.; Lu, J.H.; Tan, H.R. and Pan, J.Q. (2006) Zhong Yao Cai, 29, 266-269.
167. Kang, K.A.; Chae, S.; Koh, Y.S.; Kim, J.S.; Lee, J.H.; You, H.J. and Hyun, J.W. (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 1154-1160.
168. Xiong, F.L.; Sun, X.H.; Gan, L.; Yang, X.L. and Xu, H.B. (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol., 529, 1-7.
169. Song, C.Y. and Bi, H.M. (2004) Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 29, 172-175.
170. Chen, W.C.; Hayakawa, S.; Yamamoto, T.; Su, H.C.; Liu, I.M. and Cheng, J.T. (2004) Planta Med., 70, 113-116.
171. Hsu, F.L.; Liu, I.M.; Kuo, D.H.; Chen, W.C.; Su, H.C. and Cheng, J.T. (2003) J. Nat. Prod., 66, 788-792.
172. Wang, J.F.; Guo, Y.X.; Niu, J.Z.; Liu, J.; Wang, L.Q. and Li, P.H. (2004) World J. Gastroenterol., 10, 1967-1970.
173. Yokozawa, T.; Kim, H.Y. and Yamabe, N. (2004) Am. J. Chin. Med., 32, 829-839.
174. Kuang, P.; Tao, Y. and Tian, Y. (1996) J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 16, 138-142.
175. Li, S. and Wan, L. (2004) J. Huazhong. Univ. Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci., 24, 233-235.
176. Miura, T. and Kato, A. (1995) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 18, 1605-1606.
177. Miura, T.; Kato, A.; Usami, M.; Kadowaki, S. and Seino, Y. (1995) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 18, 624-625.
178. Kato, A.; Miura, T.; Yano, H.; Masuda, K.; Ishida, H. and Seino, Y. (1994) Endocr. J., 41, 139-144.
179. Kato, A. and Miura, T. (1993) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 16, 1118-1120.
180. Chen, H.; Feng, R.; Guo, Y.; Sun, L. and Jiang, J. (2001) J. Ethnopharmacol., 74, 225-229.
181. Choi, S.B. and Park, S. (2002) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 66, 2036-2043.
182. Han, L.K.; Sumiyoshi, M.; Zhang, J.; Liu, M.X.; Zhang, X.F.; Zheng, Y.N.; Okuda, H. and Kimura, Y. (2003) Phytother. Res., 17, 1188-1194.
183. Han, L.K.; Sumiyoshi, M.; Zheng, Y.N.; Okuda, H. and Kimura, Y. (2003) Phytother. Res., 17, 1195-1198.
184. Li, H.B.; Fang, K.Y.; Lu, C.T. and Li, X.E. (2007) Zhong Yao Cai, 30, 573-575.
185. Junbao, Y.; Long, J.; Jiangbi, W.; Yonghui, D.; Tianzhen, Z.; Songyi, Q. and Wei, L. (2004) Zhong Yao Cai, 27, 281-284.
186. Bryans, J.A.; Judd, P.A. and Ellis, P.R. (2007) J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 26, 471-477.
187. Khan, S.A.; Priyamvada, S.; Arivarasu, N.A.; Khan, S. and Yusufi, A.N. (2007) Nutrition, 23, 687-695.
188. Islam, M.S. and Choi, H. (2007) Biofactors, 29, 45-53.
189. Zhou, X.; Wang, D.; Sun, P.; Bucheli, P.; Li, L.; Hou, Y. and Wang, J. (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 5523-5528.
190. Anandh Babu, P.V.; Sabitha, K.E. and Shyamaladevi, C.S. (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 33, 1184-1189.
191. Shoji, Y. and Nakashima, H. (2006) Arch. Pharm. Res., 29, 786-794.
192. Babu, P.V.; Sabitha, K.E. and Shyamaladevi, C.S. (2006) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 33, 351-357.
193. Li, R.W.; Douglas, T.D.; Maiyoh, G.K.; Adeli, K. and Theriault, A.G. (2006) J. Ethnopharmacol., 104, 24-31.
194. Shimada, K.; Kawarabayashi, T.; Tanaka, A.; Fukuda, D.; Nakamura, Y.; Yoshiyama, M.; Takeuchi, K; Sawaki, T.; Hosoda, K. and Yoshikawa, J. (2004) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 65, 227-234.