Health-related aspects of beer: A review

International Journal of Food Properties

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 350-373

  Sohrabvandi, S ^a   Mortazavian, A M ^a   Rezaei, K ^b  

^a SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

Allergy; Beer; Cancer; Coronary heart disease; Health; Nutrition

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL CONTENTS; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CANCER; CANCER INDUCTION; CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT; CORONARY HEART DISEASE; HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT; IMMUNE SYSTEMS; NEGATIVE IMPACTS; NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS; PLASMA CONCENTRATION; URIC ACIDS;

ALLERGIES; BEER; HEALTH; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; NUTRITION; ORGANIC ACIDS;

HEALTH RISKS;

EID: 84856890022     PISSN: 10942912     EISSN: 15322386     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.487627     Document Type: Review

References (190)

1. Alcazar, A.; Pablos, F.; Jesus-Martin, M.; Gustavo, A. Multivariate characterisation of beers. Talanta 2002, 57, 42-52.
2. Anon. Brewers Association of Japan. 2004. http://www.brewers.or.ip/ English/10-conspt2.html (Accessed 2004)
3. Devoulyte, K.; Stewart, S.H.; Theakston, J.A. Is beer the drink of choice for woman with alcohol use problem? Positive alcohol outcome expectancies as a function of beverage type. Addictive Behaviour 2006, 31, 1133-1143.
4. Guarna, J.; Rosenberg, H. Influence of dose and beverage-type instructions on alcohol outcome expectancies of DUI offenders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2000, 61, 341-344. (Pubitemid 30152594)
5. Lang, A.R.; Kass, L.; Barness, P. The beverage-type serotype: Unexplored determinant of effects of alcohol consumption. Bulletin of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviours 1983, 2, 46-49.
6. Lindman, R.; Lang, A.R. Anticipated effects of alcohol consumption as a function of beverage type: A cross-cultural replication. International Journal of Psychology 1986, 21, 671-678.
7. Hittner, J.B. Tension-reduction expectancies and alcoholic beverage preferences revisited: Associations to drinking frequency and gender. International Journal of the Addictions 1995, 30, 323-336.
8. McBride, R. Industry structure, marketing, and public health: A case study of the US beer industry. Contemporary Drug Problems 1985, 12, 593-620.
9. Snortum, J.R.; Kremer, L.K.; Berger, D.E. Alcoholic beverage preference as a public statement: Self-concept and social image of college drinks. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1987, 48, 243-251. (Pubitemid 17082824)
10. Innes, G. Cost-effectiveness of beer versus red wine for the prevention of symptomatic coronary artery disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1998, 159, 1463-1466. (Pubitemid 29017367)
11. Watten, R.G. Sports, physical exercise, and use of alcohol. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 1995, 5, 364-368.
12. Bamforth, C.W. Nutritional aspects of beer-A review. Nutrition Research 2002, 22, 227-237.
13. Hardwick, W.A. History and antecedent of brewing. In: Handbook of Brewing; Hardwick, W.A.; Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1995a; 37-51.
14. Hardwick, W.A.; van Oevelen, D.E.; Novellie, L.; Yoshizawa, K. Kinds of beer and beerlike beverages. In: Handbook of Brewing; Hardwick,W.A.; Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1995a; 53-85.
15. Gerhauser, C. Beer constituents as potential cancer chemopreventive agents. European Journal of Cancer 2005, 41, 1941-1954. (Pubitemid 41557680)
16. Sohrabvandi, S.; Muosavi, S.M.; Razavi, S.H.; Mortazavian, A.M. Viability of probiotics bacteria in low- and non-alcoholic beer during refrigerated storage. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 2010, 93, 24-28.
17. Bamforth, C.W. Beer and health. In: Beer; Bamforth, C.W.; Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2009, 229-253.
18. Denke, M.A. Nutritional and health benefits of beer. The American Journal of the Medicinal Science 2000, 320, 320-326.
19. Forsander, O.A. Dietary influences on alcohol intake: A review. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1988, 59, 26-31.
20. Li, Y.; Van Loon, J.C.; Barefoot, R.R.; Fres, J. Preconcentration of trace elements in potable liquids by means of a liquid membrane emulsion for flame atomic absorption determination. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 1993, 345, 467-471.
21. Matsushige, I.; de Oliveira, E. Determination of trace elements in Brazilian beers by ICP-AES. Food Chemistry 1993, 60, 443-448.
22. Baxter, M.J.; Crews, H.M.; Dennis, M.J.; Goodall, I.; Anderson, D. The determination of the authenticity of wine from its trace element composition. Food Chemistry 1997, 60, 443-450. (Pubitemid 27344783)
23. Latorre, M.J.; Garcia-Jares, C.; Medina, B.; Herrero, C. Pattern recognition analysis applied to classification of wines from Galicia (North-western Spain) with certified brand of origin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1994, 42, 1451-1455.
24. Guerrero, M.I.; Herce-Pagliai, C.; Camean, A.M.; Troncoso, A.M.; Gonzalez, A.G. Multivariate characterization of wine vinegars from the South of Spain according to their metallic content. Talanta 1997, 45, 379-386. (Pubitemid 27506678)
25. Buday, A.Z.; Denis, G. The diuretic effect of beer. Brewing Digest 1974, 49, 56-58.
26. Kulamarva, A.G.; Venkatesh, R.S.; Vijaya Raghavan, G.S. Nutritional and rheological properties of sorghum. International Journal of Food Properties 2009, 12 (1), 55-69.
27. Ghiselli, A.; Natella, F.; Guidi, A.; Montanari, L.; Fantozzi, P.; Scaccini, C. Beer increases plasma antioxidant capacity in humans. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2000, 11, 76-80. (Pubitemid 30129039)
28. Doll, R.; Peto, R.; Hall, E.; Wheatley, K.; Gray, R. Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors. British Medical Journal 1994, 309, 911-918.
29. Kaplan, N.M.; Palmer, B.F. Nutritional and health benefits of beer. The American Journal of the Medical Science 2000, 320, 320-326.
30. Thun, M.J.; Peto, R.; Lopez, A.D.; Monaca, J.H.; Henley, S.J.; Heath, C.W.; Doll, R. Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly US adults. New England Journal of Medicine 1997, 337, 1763-1764.
31. Monrand, C.; Crespy, V.; Manach, C.; Besson, C.; Demigne, C.; Remesy, C. Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties. American Journal of Physiology 1998, 275, R212-R219. (Pubitemid 28376310)
32. Yilmazer, M.; Stevens, J.F.; Buhler, D.R. In vitro glucuronidation of anthohumol, a flavonoid in hop and beer, by rat and human liver microsomes. FEBS Letter 2001, 491, 252-256. (Pubitemid 32193806)
33. Block, G.; Patterson, B.; Subar, A. Fruit, vegetables and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutrition and Cancer 1992, 18, 1-30.
34. Fuhrman, B.; Lavy, M.; Aviram, M. Consumption of red wine meals reduces the susceptibility of human plasma and low-density lipoprotein to lipid preoxidation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995, 61, 549-554.
35. Nardini, M.; Natella, F.; Scaccini, C.; Ghiselli, A. Phenolic acids from beer are absorbed and extensively metabolized in humans. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2006, 17, 14-22. (Pubitemid 41774401)
36. Renaud, S.; Lorgeril, M. Wine, alcohol, platelets and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 1993, 39, 1523-1526.
37. Scalbert, A.; Williamson, G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. Journal of Nutrition 2000, 130, 2073S-2085S. (Pubitemid 30619386)
38. Fantozzi, P.; Montanari, L.;Mancini, F.; Gasbarini, A.; Addolorato, G.; Simoncini, M.; Nardini, M.; Ghiselli, A.; Scaccini, C. In vitro antioxidant capacity from wort to beer. Food Science and Technology 1998, 131, 221-227. (Pubitemid 128360741)
39. Nardini, M.; D'Aquino, M.; Tomassi, G.; Gentili, V.D.I.; Fellice, M.; Scaccini, C. Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation by caffeic acid and other hydroycinnamic acid derivatives. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995, 19, 541-552.
40. Shahidi, F.; Wanasundara, K.J. Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition 1992, 32, 67-103.
41. Chimi, H.; Cillard, J.; Cillard, P.; Rahmani, M. Peroxyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of some natural phenolic antioxidant. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 1991, 68, 307-312. (Pubitemid 21670958)
42. Bors, W.; Michel, C.; Saran, M. Inhibition of the bleaching of the carotonoid crocin, a rapid test for quantifying antioxidants activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1984, 796, 312-319. (Pubitemid 15158779)
43. Stevens, J.F.; Page, J.E. Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: To your good health. Phytochemistry 2004, 65, 1317-1330. (Pubitemid 38844716)
44. Clifford, M.N. Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates-Nature, occurrence and dietary burden. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1999, 79, 362-372. (Pubitemid 29150578)
45. Herrmann, K. Occurrence and content of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid compounds in foods. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition 1989, 28, 315-347.
46. Devereux, A. Nutritional value of beer. Beer and Malt. 1986, 29, 4-21.
47. Yoshikawa, T.; Kimura, S.; Hatano, T.; Okamoto, K.; Hayatsu, H.; Arimoto-Kobayashi, S. Pseudouridine, an antimutagenic substance in beer towards N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Food Chemistry and Toxicology 2002, 40, 1165-1170. (Pubitemid 34626881)
48. Arimoto-Kobayashi, S.; Sujiyama, C.; Harada, N.; Takeuchi, M.; Takemura, M.; Hayatsu, H. Inhibitory effects of beer and other alcoholic beverages on mutagenesis and DNA adduct formulation induced by several carcinogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1999, 47, 221-230. (Pubitemid 29179650)
49. Kondo, K. Beer and health: Preventive effects of beer components on lifestyle-relate disease. Biofactors 2004, 22, 303-310.
50. Nozawa, H.; Tazumi, K.; Sato, K.; Yoshida, A.; Takata, J.; Arimoto-Kobayashi, S.; Kondo, K. Inhibitory effects of beer on heterocyclic amine-induced mutagenesis and PhIP-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon. Mutation Research 2004, 559, 177-187. (Pubitemid 38452929)
51. Gorinstein, S.; Zemser, M.; Weisz, M.; Haruenkit, R.; Trakhtenberg, S. The influence of dry matter of different aldoholic beverages on lipids, proteins and antioxidant activity in serum of rats. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1989, 9, 131-135.
52. Gorinstein, S.; Zemser,M.;Weisz, M.; Halevy, S.H.; Martin-Belloso, O.; Trakhtenberg, S. The influence of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free beverages on lipid levels and lipid peroxides in serum of rats. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1989, 9, 682-686.
53. Folkman, J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nature Medicine 1995, 1, 27-31.
54. Boehm, T.; Folkman, J.; Browder, T.; O'Reilly, M.S. Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance. Nature 1997, 390, 404-407. (Pubitemid 28027321)
55. Kim, K.J.; Li, B.; Winer, J.; Armanini, M.; Gillett, N.; Pillips, H.S.; Ferrara, N. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature 1993, 362, 841-844. (Pubitemid 23132159)
56. Shimamura, M.; Hazato, T.; Ashino, H.; Yamamura, Y.; Iwasaki, E.; Tobe, H.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamamot, S. Inhibition of angiogenesis by humulone, abitter acid from beer. Biochemistry and Biophysics Research Communications 2001, 289, 220-224. (Pubitemid 33108817)
57. Yamamoto, K.;Wang, J.; Yamamoto, S.; Tobe, H. Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription by humulone of beer hop extract studied with reference to glucocorticoid. Febs Letter 2000, 465, 103-106. (Pubitemid 30021453)
58. Lapcik, O.; Hill, M.; Hample, R.; Wahala, K.; Adlercreutz, H. Identification of isoflavonoids in beer. Steroids 1998, 63, 14-20. (Pubitemid 28023851)
59. Miranda, C.L.; Stevens, J.F.; Helmrih, A.; Henderson, M.C.; Rodriguez, R.J.; Yang, Y.H.; Deinzer,M.L.; Barnes, D.W.; Buhler, D.R. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus) in human cancer cell lines. Food and Chemical Toxicology 1999, 37, 271-285. (Pubitemid 29335754)
60. Gerhauser, C.; Alt, A.; Heiss, E.; Gamal-Eldeen, A.; Klimo, K.; Knauft, J.; Neumann, I.; Scherf, H.R.; Frank, N.; Bartsch, H.; Becker, H. Cancer chemopreventive activity of xanthohumol, a natural product derived from hop. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2003, 1, 959-969.
61. Henderson, M.C.; Miranda, C.L.; Stevens, J.F.; Deinzer, M.L.; Buhler, D.R. In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus. Xenobiotica 2000, 30, 235-251. (Pubitemid 30179138)
62. Kimuar, S.; Hayatsu, H.; Arimoto-Kobayashi, S.A. Glycine betaine in beer as an antimutagenic substance against 2-chloro-4-methylthiobutanoic acid, the sanma-fish mutagen.Mutation Research 1993, 439, 267-276.
63. Arimoto-Kobayashi, S.; Takata, J.; Nakandakari, N.; Fujioka, R.; Okamoto, K.; Konuma, T. Inhibitory effects of heterocyclic amine-inducded DNA adduct formation in mouse liver and lungs by beer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53, 812-815. (Pubitemid 40194408)
64. Liegeois, C.; Lermusieau, G.; Collin, S. Measuring antioxidant efficiency of wort, malt and hops against the 2, 2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidation of an aqueous dispersion of linoleic acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48, 1129-1134. (Pubitemid 30243674)
65. Morales, F.; Jimenez-Perez, S. Peroxyl radical scavenging activities of melanoidins in aqueous systems. European Food Research and Technology 2004, 218, 515-520. (Pubitemid 40871407)
66. Faist, V.; Lindenmeier, M.; Geisler, C.; Erbersdobler, H.F.; Hofmann, T. Influence of molecular weight fractions isolated from roasted malt. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50, 602-606.
67. Gromes, R.; Zeuch, M.; Piendl, A. Further investigations into the dietary fibre content of beers. Brau International 2000, 18, 24-28.
68. Mortazavian, A.M.; Sohrabvandi, S. Food probiotic products. In: Probiotics and Food Probiotic Products; Mortazavian, A.M.; Ed.; Tehran: Eta Publication, 2006; 122-138.
69. Ross, R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In: Hearth Disease; Braunwald, A.; Ed.; Saunders Company Philadelphia: London, 1997; 1105-1121.
70. Hertog, M.G.; Feskens, E.J.; Hollman, P.C.; Katan, M.B.; Kromhout, D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993, 342, 1007-1111.
71. Lorgeril, M.; Renaud, S.; Mamelle, N.; Salen, P.; Martin, J.L.; Monjaur, I.; Guidollet, J.; Touboul, P.; Delaye, J. Mediterranean alpha-linolic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994, 343, 1454-1459. (Pubitemid 24176333)
72. Brosins, F.C.; Roberts, W.S. Significance of coronary arterial thrombosis in transmural acute myocardial infarction. A study of 54 necropsies patients. Circulation 1981, 3, 810-816.
73. Gronbaek,M.; Deis, A.; Sorensen, T.I.; Becker, U.; Schnohr, P.; Jensen, G.Mortality associated with moderate intakes of wine, beer spirits. British Medical Journal 1995, 310, 1165-1169.
74. Hoffmeister, H.; Schelp, F.P.; Mensink, G.B.; Dietz, E.; Bohning, D. The relationship between alcohol consumption health indicators and mortality in the Grman population. International Journal of Epidemiology 1999, 28, 1066-1072. (Pubitemid 30021305)
75. Kannel, W.B.; Ellison, R.C. Alcohol and coronary heart disease: The evidence for a protective effect. Clinica Chimica Acta 1996, 249, 59-76. (Pubitemid 26094539)
76. Klatsky, A.L.; Armstrong, M.A.; Friedman, G.D. Red wine, white wine, liquor, beer, and risk for coronary artery disease hospitalization. American Journal of Cardiology 1997, 80, 416-420. (Pubitemid 27371744)
77. Lacoste, L.; Hung, J.; Lam, J.Y.T. Acute and delayed antithrombotic effects of alcohol in humans. American Journal of Cardiology 2001, 87, 82-85. (Pubitemid 32013089)
78. Leger, A.S.; Cochrane, A.L.; Moore, I. Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine. Lancet 1979, 1, 1017-1020. (Pubitemid 9183433)
79. Maclure, M. Demonstration of deductive meta-analysis: Ethanol intake and risk of myocardial infarction. Epidemiologic Reviews 1993, 15, 328-351. (Pubitemid 24072633)
80. Marquez-Vidal, P.; Montaye, M.; Hass, B. Relationship between alcoholic beverages and cardiovascular risk factor levels in middle-aged men: The prime study. Atherosclerosis 2001, 157, 431-440. (Pubitemid 32710023)
81. Mennen, L.I.; Balkau, B.; Vol, S.; Cases, E.; Eschwege, E. Fibrinogen-A possible link between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease? Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 1993, 19, 887-892.
82. Moore, R.D.; Pearson, T.A. Moderate alcohol consumption and coronary artery disease-A review. Medicine 1986, 65, 242-267. (Pubitemid 16049282)
83. Nanchahal, K.; Ashton,W.D.;Wood, D.A. Alcohol consumption, metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension in women. International Journal of Epidemiology 2000, 29, 57-64. (Pubitemid 30119708)
84. Rimm, E.B.; Klatsky, A.; Grobbee, D.; Stampfer, N.J. Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: Is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? British Medical Journal 1996, 312, 731-736. (Pubitemid 26091234)
85. Rimm, E.B.; Giovannucci, E.L.; Willett, W.C.; Colditz, G.A.; Ascherio, A.; Rosner, B. Prospective study on alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men. Lancet 1991, 338, 464-468.
86. Vinson, J.A.; Mandarano, M.; Hirst, M.; Trevithick, J.R.; Bose, P. Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: Beers and effect of two types of beer on an animal model of atherosclerosis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51, 5528-5533.
87. Winkler, C.;Wirleitner, B.; Schroecksnadel, K.; Schennach, H.; Fuchs, D. Beer down-regulates activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. International Immunopharmacology 2006, 6, 390-395. (Pubitemid 43120453)
88. Dimmitt, S.B.; Rakic, V.; Puddey, I.B.; Baker, R.; Oostryck, R.; Adams, M.J.; Chesterman, C.N.; Burke, V.; Beilin, L.J. The effects of alcohol on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors: A controlled trial. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 1998, 9, 39-45. (Pubitemid 28144415)
89. Renaud, S.C.; Ruf, J.C. Effects of alcohol on platelet functions. Clinica Chimica Acta 1996, 246, 77-89. (Pubitemid 26094540)
90. Halpern, M.J.; Dahlgren, A.L.; Laakso, I.; Seppanen-Laakso, T.; Dahlgren, J.; McAnulty, P.A. Red-wine polyphenols and inhibition of platelet aggregation: Possible mechanisms and potential use in health promotion and disease prevention. Journal of International Medical Research 1998, 26, 171-180. (Pubitemid 28477153)
91. Klatsky, A.L. Moderate drinking, and reduced risk of heart disease. Alcohol Research and Health 1999, 23, 15-23.
92. Carbonneau, M.A.; Leger, C.L.; Dscomps, B.; Michel, F.; Monnier, L. Improvement in the antioxidant status of plasma and low-density lipoprotein in subjects receiving a red wine phenolics mixture. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 1998, 75, 235-240. (Pubitemid 128607982)
93. Serafini, M.; Maiani. G.; Ferro-Luzzi, A. Alcohol free red wine enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in human. Journal of Nutrition 1998, 128, 1003-1007. (Pubitemid 28280200)
94. Gorinstein, S.; Leontowicz, H.; Lojek, A.; Leontowicz, M.; Stager, M.A.G.; Montes, J.M.B.; Toledo, F.; Arancibia-Avila, P.; Trakhtenberg, S. Hypolipidemic effect of beer proteins in experiment on rats. Food Science and Technology 2002, 35, 265-271. (Pubitemid 34995875)
95. Gorinstein, S.; Caspi, A.; Pawelzik, E. Proteins of beer affect lipid levels in rats. Nutrition Research 2001, 21, 1159-1169. (Pubitemid 32905728)
96. Gorinstein, S.; Zemser,M.;Weisz, M.; Halevy, S.H.; Martin-Belloso, O.; Trakhtenberg, S. The influence of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free beverages on lipid levels and lipid peroxides in serum of rats. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1988, 9, 682-686.
97. Mosinger, B. Polyphenolics but not alcohol in beer and wine protect serum low-density lipoprotein against atherogenic modification. Cor Vasa 1994, 4, 71-174.
98. Gasowski, B.; Leontowicz, M.; Leontowicz, H.; Katrich, E.; Lojek, A.; Ciz, M.; Trakhtenberg, S.; Gorinstein, S. The influence of beer with different antioxidant potential on plasma lipids, plasma antioxidant capacity, and bile excretion o rats fed cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2004, 15, 527-533. (Pubitemid 39209395)
99. Libby, P.; Ridker, P.M.; Maseri, A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002, 105, 1135-1143. (Pubitemid 34212626)
100. Mayer, O.; Simon, J.; Roslova, H. A population study of beer consumption on folate, and homocysteine concentrations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001, 55, 605-609. (Pubitemid 32591238)
101. Pohoreck, L.A. Interaction of alcohol and stress at the cardiovascular level. Alcohol 1990, 7, 537-541.
102. Morrell, P. Review: Does copper in beer protect the heart? British Medical Journal 2000, 320, 1378-1379.
103. Autelitano, D.J.; Howarth, A.E.; Pihl, E. Promoting effect of beer and ethanol on antitumour cytotoxicity: Unaffected growth of a transplantable rat tumour. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 1984, 62, 507-514. (Pubitemid 15184696)
104. Tobe, H.; Muraki, Y.; Kitamura, K.; Komiyama, O.; Sato, Y.; Sugioka, T.; Maruyama, H.B.; Matsuda, E.; Nagai,M. Bone resorption inhibitors from hop extract. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 1997, 61, 158-159. (Pubitemid 27164864)
105. Robberecht, H.; Van Dyck, K.; Bosscher, D.; Van Cauwenbergh, R. Silicon in foods: Content and bioavailability. International Journal of Food Properties 2008, 11 (3), 638-645.
106. Demirovic, J.; Prineas, R.; Loewenstein, D. Prevalence of dementia in three ethic groups. The South Florida Program on aging and health. Annals of Epidemiology 2003, 13, 472-478.
107. Brookmeyer, R.; Gray, S.; Kawas, C. Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the pubic health impact of the delaying disease onset. American Journal of Public Health 1998, 88, 1337-1342. (Pubitemid 28402270)
108. Leon, J.; Cheng, C.K.; Neumann, P.J. Alzheimer's disease care: Costs and potential savings. Health Affair (Millwood) 1998, 17, 206-216. (Pubitemid 128465102)
109. Ruitenberg, A.; Van Swieten, J.C.; Witteman, J.C. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia. Lancet 2002, 359, 281-286.
110. Mukamal, K.J.; Kuller, L.H.; Fitzpatrick, A.L. Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of dementia in older adults. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003, 289, 1405-1413. (Pubitemid 37430308)
111. Deng, J.; Zhou, D.H.D.; Li, J.; Wang, Y.J.; Gao, C.; Chen, M. A 2-year follow-up study of alcohol consumption and risk of dementia. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2005, 108, 378-383.
112. Obisean, T.O.; Hirsch, R.; Kosoko, O.; Carlson, L.; Parrott, M. Moderate wine consumption is associated with decreased odds of developing age-related macular degeneration in NHANES-1. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1998, 46, 1-7. (Pubitemid 28037666)
113. Blanco, C.A.; Rojas, A.; Nimubona, D. Effects of acidity and molecular size on bacteriostatic properties of beer hop derivates. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2007, 18, 144-149. (Pubitemid 46329339)
114. Bouhss, A.; Crouvoisier, M.; Blanot, D.; Mengin-Lecreulx, D. Purification and characterization of the bacterial Mra Y translocase catalyzing the first membrane step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004, 279, 29974-29980. (Pubitemid 38937917)
115. Simpson, W.J.; Frenandez, J.L. Mechanism of resistance of lactic acid bacteria to transisohumulone. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 1994, 52, 9-11.
116. Simpson, W.J.; Smith, A.R. Factor affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1992, 27, 327-334.
117. Izquierdo-pulido, M.; Font-Fabregas, J.; Carceller-Rosa, J.M.; Marine-Font, A.; Vidal-Carou, M.C. Biogenic amine changes related to lactic acid bacteria during brewing. Journal of Food Protection 1996, 59, 175-180.
118. Izquierdo-pulido, M.; Font-Fabregas, J.; Vidal-Carou, M.C. Influence of saccharomyces cerevisiae var. uvarum on histamine and tyramine formation during beer fermentation. Food Chemistry 1995, 54, 51-54.
119. Monobe, M.; Ando, K. Drinking beer reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Journal of Radiation Research 2002, 43, 237-245. (Pubitemid 135691178)
120. Monobe, M.; Arimoto-Kobayashi, S.; Ando, K. B-Pseudouridine, a beer component, reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Mutation Research 2003, 538, 93-99. (Pubitemid 36776691)
121. Darby, W.J.; Ghaliounghi, P.; Grivetti, L. Food: The Gift of Osiris; Academic Press: London, 1997.
122. Dufour, M.C.; Archer, L.; Gordis, E. Alcohol and the elderly. Clinical in Geriatric Medicine 1992, 8, 127-141.
123. Cervilla, J.A.; Prince, M.; Lovestone, S.; Mann, A. Long-term predictors of cognitive outcome in a cohort of older people with hypertension. British Journal of Psychiatry 2000, 177, 66-71. (Pubitemid 30450667)
124. Dufouil, C.; Ducimetiere, P.; Alperovitch, A. See differences in the association between alcohol consumption and cognitive performance. EVA study group. Epidemiology of vascular ageing. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997, 146, 405-412. (Pubitemid 27377517)
125. Krieger, J.N.; Kronmal, R.A.; Coxon, V.; Wortley, P.; Thompson, L.; Sherrard, D.J. Dietary and behavioural risk factors for urolithiasis: Potential implications for prevention. American Journal of Kidney Disease 1996, 28, 195-201. (Pubitemid 26286654)
126. Bellia J.P.; Brichall J.D.; Roberts N.B. The role of silicic acid in the renal excretion of aluminium. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 1996, 26, 227-233. (Pubitemid 26126575)
127. Milligan, S.R.; Kalita, J.C.; Heyerick, A.; Rong, H.; De Cooman, L.; De Keukeleire, D. Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999, 84, 4912-4915.
128. Haensel, R.; Schulz, J. Desmethylxanthohumol: Isolation from hops and cyclisation to flavanors. Chemistry in Life Sciences 1998, 321, 37-40.
129. Zenisek, A.; Bendar, J. Contribution to the identification of the strogen activity of hops. American Perfumes 1960, 75, 61-62.
130. Reid, S.E.; Murthy, M.S.; Kaufman, M.; Scanlon, E.F. Endocrine and paracrine hormones in the promotion, progression and recurrence of breast cancer. British Journal of Surgery 1996, 83, 1037-1049.
131. Brenner, H.; Rothenbache, D.; Bode, G.; Adler, G. Inverse graded relation between alcohol consumption and active infection with Helicobacter plyori. American Journal of Epidemiology 1999, 149, 571-576. (Pubitemid 29130025)
132. Briggs, D.E.; Boulton, C.A.; Brookers, P.A.; Stevens, R. Native African beer. In: Brewing: Science and Practice; Woodhead Publishing Ltd: Cambridge, 2004; 589-605.
133. Buchwold, V.E.; Wilson, R.J.; Nalca, A. Antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral Research 2004, 61, 57-62. (Pubitemid 37508529)
134. Wang, Q.; Ding, Z.H.; Liu, J.K.; Zheng, Y.T. Xanthohumol, a novel anti-HIV-1 agents purified from hops Humulus lupulus. Antiviral Research 2004, 64, 189-194. (Pubitemid 39506839)
135. Wall, A.M.; McKe, S.A.; Hinson, R.E.; Goldstein, A. Examining outcome expectancies in laboratory and naturalistic bar settings: A within-subject experimental analysis. Psychology of Addictive Behaviours 2001, 15, 219-226. (Pubitemid 32844833)
136. MacLatchy-Gaudet, H.A.; Stewart, S.H. The context-specific positive alcohol outcome expectancies of university woman. Addictive Behaviour 2001, 26, 31-49.
137. Anderson, J.W.; Johnstone, B.M.; Cook-Newell, M.E. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. New England Journal of Medicine 1995, 333, 276-282.
138. Kayode, A.P.P.; Adegbidi, A.; Linnemann, A.R.; Nout, M.J.R.; Hounhouigan, J.D. Quality of farmer's varieties of sorghum and derived foods as perceived by consumers in Benin. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 2005, 44, 271-294. (Pubitemid 41301153)
139. Kayode, A.P.P.; Hounhouigan, J.D.; Nout, M.J.R. Impact of brewing process operations on phytate, phenolic compounds and in vitro solubility of iron and zinc in opaque sorghum beer. Food Science and Technology 2006, 40, 834-841. (Pubitemid 46275769)
140. Santucci, B.; Cristando, A.; Cannistraci, C.; Curioni, A.; Furegon, K.; Giannattasio, M. Urticaria from beer in 3 patients. Contact Dermatitis 1996, 34, 368-370.
141. Van Ketel, W.G. Immediate type allergy to malt in beer. Contact Dermatitis 1980, 6, 297-298.
142. Fernandez-Anaya, S.; Crespo, J.F.; Rodriguez, J.R.; Daroca, P.; Carmona, E.; Herraez, L.; Lopez-Rubio, A. Beer anaphylaxis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999, 103, 959-960. (Pubitemid 29297608)
143. Figueredo, E.; Quirce, S.; del Amo, A.; Cuesta, J.; Arrieta, I.; Lahoz, C. Beer induced anaphylaxis: Identification of allergens. Allergy 1999, 54, 630-634. (Pubitemid 29301822)
144. Lippman, S.B.; Nash, K. Monoamine-oxidase inhibitor update-potential adverse food and druginteractions. Drug Safety 1990, 5, 195-204. (Pubitemid 20182032)
145. Murray, J.A.; Walker, J.F.; Doyle, J.S. Tyramine in alcohol-free beer. Lancet 1988, 1, 1167-1168.
146. Shulman, K.I.; Tailor, S.A.N.; Walker, S.E.; Gardner, D.M. Tap (draft) beer and monoamine oxidase inhibitor dietary restrictions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1997, 42, 310-312. (Pubitemid 27257131)
147. Stratton, J.E.; Hutkins, R.W.; Taylor, S.L. Biogenic amines in cheeses and other fermented foods: A review. Journal of Food Protection 1991, 54, 460-470.
148. Tailor, S.A.N.; Shulman, K.I.; Walker, S.E.; Moss, J.; Gardner, D. Hypertensive episode associated with phenelzine and tap beer-a reanalysis of the role of pressor amines in beer. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994, 14, 5-14. (Pubitemid 24076176)
149. Kalac, P.; Savel, J.; Krizeek, M.; Pelikanova, T.; Prokopova, M. Biogenic amine formation in bottled beer. Food Chemistry 2002, 79, 431-434. (Pubitemid 36160509)
150. Peatfield, R.C. Relationship between food, wine, and beer-precipitated migrainous headaches. Headache 1995, 35, 355-357.
151. Garcia-Casado, G.; Crespo, J.F.; Rodriguez, J.; Salcedo, G. Isolation and characterization of barely lipid transfer protein and protein Z as beer allergens. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001, 4, 647-649. (Pubitemid 32978040)
152. Cerutti, G.; Finoli, C.; Vecchio, A. Non-volatile amine biogenesis from wort to beer. Monat Brauwiss 1989, 42, 246-248. (Pubitemid 19160468)
153. Dumont, E.; De Geeter, H.; Hyughebaert, A. Presence and formation of biogenic amines in local Belgian beers. Agricultural Communicative Sciences, Faculty of Gent University. 1992, 57, 1911-1913.
154. Fernades, J.O.; Judas, I.C.; Oliveira, M.B.; Ferreira, I.M.; Ferreira, M.A. A GC-MS method for quantitation of histamine and other biogenic amines in beer. Chromatographia 2001, 53, 327-331.
155. Kalac, P.; Hlavata, V.; Krizeck, M. Concentrations of five biogenic amines in Czech beers and factors affecting their formation. Food Chemistry 1997, 58, 209-214. (Pubitemid 27042142)
156. Loret, S.; Deloyer, P.; Dandrifosse, G. Levels of biogenic amines as a measure of the quality of the beer fermentation process: Data from Belgian samples. Food Chemistry 2005, 89, 519-525. (Pubitemid 39232059)
157. Zee, J.A.; Simard, R.E.; Vaillancourt, R.; Boudreau, A. Effect of Lactobacillus brevis, Saccharomyces uvarum and grist composition on amine formation in beer. Canadian Institute and Food Science and Technology Journal 1981, 14, 321-325.
158. Donhauser, S.; wagner, D.; Geiger, E. Biogenic amines: Significance, occurrence and assessment. Brauwelt International 1993, 2, 100-107.
159. Grotheer, D.; Stockemer, J. Food-induced histaminosis in Europe-study on occurrence and symptoms. Archive for Lebensmihel Hygiene 2001, 52, 129-131.
160. Halasz, A.; Barath, A.; Simon-Sarkadi, L.; Holzapfel,W. Biogenic amines and their production by microorganisms in food. Trends in Food Science and Technology 1994, 5, 42-49. (Pubitemid 2054930)
161. Hannah, P.; Glover, V.; Sandler, M. Tyramine in wine and beer. Lancet 1998, 16, 879-884.
162. Shalaby, A.R. Significance of biogenic amines to food safety and human health. Food Research International 1996, 29, 675-690. (Pubitemid 27155970)
163. Faller, J.; Fox, I.H. Ethanol-induced hyperuricemia: Evidence for increased rate production by activation of adenine nucleotide turn-over. New England Journal of Medicine 1982, 307, 1598-1602. (Pubitemid 13250418)
164. Lieber, C.S. Hyperuricemia induced by alcohol. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1965, 8, 786-798.
165. Yamamoto, T.; Moriwaki, Y.; Takahashi, S. Effect of ethanol ingestion on nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates in erythrocytes and purine bases in plasma and urine: Acetaldehydeinduced erythrocyte purine degradation. Metabolism 1993, 42, 1212-1216. (Pubitemid 23292701)
166. Yamamoto, T.; Moriwaki, Y.; Takahashi, S.; Tsutsumi, Z.; Ka, T.; Fukuchi, M.; Hada, T. Effect of beer on the plasma concentration of urine and purine bases. Metabolism 2002, 51, 1317-1323. (Pubitemid 35174155)
167. Montanari, L.; Perretti, G.; Nattella, F.; Guidi, A.; Fantozzi, P.
168. Shibano, Y.; Yomo, H.;Matsumoto, I.; Koda, H.; Suwa, Y.; Amachi, T.; Hatanaka, H.; Shimizu, S. Process for manufacturing beer. US Patent No. 6,013,288; 2000.
169. Bandera, E.V.; Freudenheim, J.I.; Vena, J.E. Alcohol consumption and lung cancer: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2001, 10, 813-821. (Pubitemid 32738593)
170. Kune, G.A.; Vitetta, L. Alcohol consumption and the etiology of colorectal cancer: A review of the scientific evidence from 1957 to 1991. Nutrition and Cancer 1992, 18, 97-111.
171. Longnecker, M.P.; Orza, M.J.; Adams, M.E.; Vioque, J.; Chalmers, T.C. A mate-analysis of alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Cause Control 1990, 1, 59-68.
172. Ruf, J.C. Overview of epidemiological studies on wine, health and mortality. Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research 2003, 29, 173-179.
173. Hsing, A.W.; McLaughlin, J.K; Chow, W.H.; Schuman, L.M.; Chien, H.T.C.; Gridley, G.; Bielke, E.; Wacholder, S.; Blot, W.J. Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among US white men. International Journal of Cancer 1998, 77, 49-53.
174. Kato, L.; Tominaga, A.; Ikari, A. A case-control study of male colorectal in Aichi Prefecture, Japan:With specific reference to occupational activity level, drinking habits and family history. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 1990, 81, 115-121. (Pubitemid 20092561)
175. Potter, J.D.; Seller, T.A.; Folsom, A.R.; McGovern, P.G. Alcohol, beer, and lung cancer in postmenopausal women. The Iowa woman's health study. Annals of Epidemiology 1992, 2, 587-595.
176. Lijinsky, W. N-nitroso compounds in the diet. Mutation Research 1999, 443, 129-138. (Pubitemid 29327271)
177. Spiegelhalder, B.; Eisenbrand, G.; Preussman, R. Occurrence of volatile nitrosamines in food. In: Nitroso Compounds: Analysis, Formation and Occurrence; Walker, E.A.; Griciute, L.; Castegnaro, M.N.; Eds.; IRAC: Lyon, 1980; 467-479.
178. Saunders, R.; Copeland, J.R.H.; Dewey, M.E. Heavy drinking as a risk factor for depression and dementia in elderly men. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991, 159, 213-216.
179. Seruga, M.; Gtgic, J.; Mandic, M. Aluminium content of soft drinks from aluminium cans. European Food Research and Technology 1994, 198, 313-316.
180. Liu, J.X.; Nordberg, G.F. Nephrotoxicities of aluminium and/or cadmium-metallothionein in ratas-creatinine excertion and metabolism of selected essential metals. Pharmacology and Toxicology 1995, 77, 155-160.
181. Slanina, P.; Frech, W.; Ekstrom, L.G.; Loof, F.; Sorach, S.; Cedergen, S. Dietary citric acid enhances absorption of aluminium in antiacids. Clinical Chemistry 1986, 32, 539-541. (Pubitemid 17016980)
182. Preedy, V.R.; Siddiq, T.; Why, H.; Richardson, P.J. Ethanol toxicity and cardiac protein synthesis in vivo. American Heart Journal 1994, 127, 1432-1439. (Pubitemid 24176044)
183. Reilly, M.E.; Mantle, D.; Richardson, P.J.; Salisbury, J.; Jones, J.; Peters, T.J.; Preedy, V.R. Studies on the time-course of ethanol's acute effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis: Comparison with acute changes in proteolytic activity. Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research 1997, 21, 792-798. (Pubitemid 27355675)
184. Collin, S.; Osman, M.; Delcombre, S.; Dufour, J.P. Investigation of volatile flavour compounds in fresh and ripened Domiati cheese. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1993, 41, 1659-1663.
185. Garcia, A.A.; Cancho, G.; Gandara, J.S. Development of rapid method based on solidphase extraction and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection for the determination of polyphenols in alcohol-free beers. Journal of Chromatography 2004, 1054, 175-180. (Pubitemid 39445820)
186. Zurcher, C.; Gruss, R. Method of making alcohol-free or nearly alcohol-free beer. US Patent No. 5,077,061; 1991.
187. Nevil, A.M.; Holder, R.L.; Fentern, P.H.; Rayson, M.; Marshal, T.; Cooke, C.; Tuxworth, W. Modelling the associations of BMI, physical activity and diet with arterial blood pressure: Some results from the Allied Dunbar national fitness survey. Annals of Human Biology 1997, 24, 229-247. (Pubitemid 127466828)
188. Vandongen, R.; Puddey, I.B. Alcohol intake and blood pressure. In: Textbook of Hypertension; Swales, J.D.; Ed.; London: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994; 569-571.
189. Jastrzebski, Z.; Gorinstein, S.; Czyzewska-Szafran, H.; Leontowicz, H.; Leontowicz, M.; Trakhtenberg, S.; Remiszewska, M. The effect of short-term lyophilized beer consumption on established hypertension in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006, 45, 296-302. (Pubitemid 44854314)
190. Nogueira, F.N.; Souza, D.N.; Nicolau, J. In vitro approach to evaluate potential harmful effects of beer on health. Journal of Dentistry 2000, 28, 271-276.