Metformin may antagonize Lin28 and/or Lin28B activity, thereby boosting let-7 levels and antagonizing cancer progression

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 78, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 262-269

  McCarty, Mark F ^a  

^a NutriGuard Research   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; CURCUMIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; GAMMA SECRETASE INHIBITOR; LIN28 PROTEIN; METFORMIN; MICRORNA; MICRORNA LET 7; MYC PROTEIN; PROTEIN; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; RIBAVIRIN; SALSALATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VITAMIN D;

ARTICLE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER STEM CELL; DRUG EFFECT; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; METFORMIN; MICE; MICRORNAS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASM TRANSPLANTATION; NEOPLASMS; NF-KAPPA B; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MYC; RNA-BINDING PROTEINS;

EID: 84855196966     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: 15322777     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.041     Document Type: Article

References (165)

1. Peter M.E. Let-7 and miR-200 microRNAs: guardians against pluripotency and cancer progression. Cell Cycle 2009, 8(6):843-852.
2. Boyerinas B., Park S.M., Hau A., Murmann A.E., Peter M.E. The role of let-7 in cell differentiation and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010, 17(1):F19-F36.
3. Clevers H. The cancer stem cell: premises, promises and challenges. Nat Med 2011, 17(3):313-319.
4. Yu F., Yao H., Zhu P., Zhang X., Pan Q., Gong C., et al. Let-7 regulates self renewal and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Cell 2007, 131(6):1109-1123.
5. Yu C.C., Chen Y.W., Chiou G.Y., Tsai L.L., Huang P.I., Chang C.Y., et al. MicroRNA let-7a represses chemoresistance and tumourigenicity in head and neck cancer via stem-like properties ablation. Oral Oncol 2011, 47(3):202-210.
6. Ibarra I., Erlich Y., Muthuswamy S.K., Sachidanandam R., Hannon G.J. A role for microRNAs in maintenance of mouse mammary epithelial progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2007, 21(24):3238-3243.
7. Zhu Y., Zhong Z., Liu Z. Lentiviral vector-mediated upregulation of let-7a inhibits gastric carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011, 46(1):53-59.
8. Thuault S., Tan E.J., Peinado H., Cano A., Heldin C.H., Moustakas A. HMGA2 and Smads co-regulate SNAIL1 expression during induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Biol Chem 2008, 283(48):33437-33446.
9. Watanabe S., Ueda Y., Akaboshi S., Hino Y., Sekita Y., Nakao M. HMGA2 maintains oncogenic RAS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Pathol 2009, 174(3):854-868.
10. Iliopoulos D., Hirsch H.A., Struhl K. An epigenetic switch involving NF-kappaB, Lin28, Let-7 MicroRNA, and IL6 links inflammation to cell transformation. Cell 2009, 139(4):693-706.
11. Viswanathan S.R., Daley G.Q., Gregory R.I. Selective blockade of microRNA processing by Lin28. Science 2008, 320(5872):97-100.
12. Heo I., Joo C., Kim Y.K., Ha M., Yoon M.J., Cho J., et al. TUT4 in concert with Lin28 suppresses microRNA biogenesis through pre-microRNA uridylation. Cell 2009, 138(4):696-708.
13. Tsang W.P., Kwok T.T. Let-7a microRNA suppresses therapeutics-induced cancer cell death by targeting caspase-3. Apoptosis 2008, 13(10):1215-1222.
14. Evans J.M., Donnelly L.A., Emslie-Smith A.M., Alessi D.R., Morris A.D. Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. BMJ 2005, 330(7503):1304-1305.
15. Libby G., Donnelly L.A., Donnan P.T., Alessi D.R., Morris A.D., Evans J.M. New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(9):1620-1625.
16. Jiralerspong S., Palla S.L., Giordano S.H., Meric-Bernstam F., Liedtke C., Barnett C.M., et al. Metformin and pathologic complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in diabetic patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(20):3297-3302.
17. Tan B.X., Yao W.X., Ge J., Peng X.C., Du X.B., Zhang R., et al. Prognostic influence of metformin as first-line chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cancer 2011, 117(22):5103-5111.
18. Phoenix K.N., Vumbaca F., Claffey K.P. Therapeutic metformin/AMPK activation promotes the angiogenic phenotype in the ERalpha negative MDA-MB-435 breast cancer model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009, 113(1):101-111.
19. Ben S. I, Laurent K, Loubat A, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Colosetti P, Auberger P, Tanti JF, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Bost F. The antidiabetic drug metformin exerts an antitumoral effect in vitro and in vivo through a decrease of cyclin D1 level. Oncogene 2008, 27(25):3576-3586.
20. Buzzai M., Jones R.G., Amaravadi R.K., Lum J.J., DeBerardinis R.J., Zhao F., et al. Systemic treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin selectively impairs p53-deficient tumor cell growth. Cancer Res 2007, 67(14):6745-6752.
21. Iliopoulos D., Hirsch H.A., Struhl K. Metformin decreases the dose of chemotherapy for prolonging tumor remission in mouse xenografts involving multiple cancer cell types. Cancer Res 2011, 71(9):3196-3201.
22. Graff J.R., Konicek B.W., Carter J.H., Marcusson E.G. Targeting the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2008, 68(3):631-634.
23. McCarty M.F. Chronic activation of AMP-activated kinase as a strategy for slowing aging. Med Hypotheses 2004, 63(2):334-339.
24. Lee J.M., Seo W.Y., Song K.H., Chanda D., Kim Y.D., Kim D.K., et al. AMPK-dependent repression of hepatic gluconeogenesis via disruption of CREB.CRTC2 complex by orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. J Biol Chem 2010, 285(42):32182-32191.
25. Jalving M., Gietema J.A., Lefrandt J.D., de J.S., Reyners A.K., Gans R.O., et al. Metformin: taking away the candy for cancer?. Eur J Cancer 2010, 46(13):2369-2380.
26. Hirsch H.A., Iliopoulos D., Tsichlis P.N., Struhl K. Metformin selectively targets cancer stem cells, and acts together with chemotherapy to block tumor growth and prolong remission. Cancer Res 2009, 69(19):7507-7511.
27. Vazquez-Martin A., Oliveras-Ferraros C., Cufi S., Del B.S., Martin-Castillo B., Menendez J.A. Metformin regulates breast cancer stem cell ontogeny by transcriptional regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. Cell Cycle 2010, 9(18):3807-3814.
28. Cufi S., Vazquez-Martin A., Oliveras-Ferraros C., Martin-Castillo B., Joven J., Menendez J.A. Metformin against TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): from cancer stem cells to aging-associated fibrosis. Cell Cycle 2010, 9(22):4461-4468.
29. Oliveras-Ferraros C., Cufi S., Vazquez-Martin A., Torres-Garcia V.Z., Del B.S., Martin-Castillo B., et al. Micro(mi)RNA expression profile of breast cancer epithelial cells treated with the anti-diabetic drug metformin: Induction of the tumor suppressor miRNA let-7a and suppression of the TGFbeta-induced oncomiR miRNA-181a. Cell Cycle 2011, 10(7):1144-1151.
30. Vazquez-Martin A., Oliveras-Ferraros C., Del B.S., Martin-Castillo B., Menendez J.A. The anti-diabetic drug metformin suppresses self-renewal and proliferation of trastuzumab-resistant tumor-initiating breast cancer stem cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011, 126(2):355-364.
31. Musi N., Hirshman M.F., Nygren J., Svanfeldt M., Bavenholm P., Rooyackers O., et al. Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002, 51(7):2074-2081.
32. Hawley S.A., Gadalla A.E., Olsen G.S., Hardie D.G. The antidiabetic drug metformin activates the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade via an adenine nucleotide-independent mechanism. Diabetes 2002, 51(8):2420-2425.
33. Bolster D.R., Crozier S.J., Kimball S.R., Jefferson L.S. AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle through down-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. J Biol Chem 2002, 277(27):23977-23980.
34. Ding X.C., Slack F.J., Grosshans H. The let-7 microRNA interfaces extensively with the translation machinery to regulate cell differentiation. Cell Cycle 2008, 7(19):3083-3090.
35. Johnson C.D., Esquela-Kerscher A., Stefani G., Byrom M., Kelnar K., Ovcharenko D., et al. The let-7 microRNA represses cell proliferation pathways in human cells. Cancer Res 2007, 67(16):7713-7722.
36. ngi-Garimella S., Yun J., Eves E.M., Newman M., Erkeland S.J., Hammond S.M., et al. Raf kinase inhibitory protein suppresses a metastasis signalling cascade involving LIN28 and let-7. EMBO J 2009, 28(4):347-358.
37. Chang T.C., Zeitels L.R., Hwang H.W., Chivukula R.R., Wentzel E.A., Dews M., et al. Lin-28B transactivation is necessary for Myc-mediated let-7 repression and proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106(9):3384-3389.
38. Wang C.Y., Cusack J.C., Liu R., Baldwin A.S. Control of inducible chemoresistance. enhanced anti-tumor therapy through increased apoptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB. Nat Med 1999, 5(4):412-417.
39. Aggarwal B.B. Nuclear factor-kappaB: the enemy within. Cancer Cell 2004, 6(3):203-208.
40. Jung M., Dritschilo A. NF-kappa B signaling pathway as a target for human tumor radiosensitization. Semin Radiat Oncol 2001, 11(4):346-351.
41. La Rosa F.A., Pierce J.W., Sonenshein G.E. Differential regulation of the c-myc oncogene promoter by the NF-kappa B rel family of transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 1994, 14(2):1039-1044.
42. Min C., Eddy S.F., Sherr D.H., Sonenshein G.E. NF-kappaB and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of cancer. J Cell Biochem 2008, 104(3):733-744.
43. Julien S., Puig I., Caretti E., Bonaventure J., Nelles L., van R.F., et al. Activation of NF-kappaB by Akt upregulates Snail expression and induces epithelium mesenchyme transition. Oncogene 2007, 26(53):7445-7456.
44. Chua H.L., Bhat-Nakshatri P., Clare S.E., Morimiya A., Badve S., Nakshatri H. NF-kappaB represses E-cadherin expression and enhances epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mammary epithelial cells: potential involvement of ZEB-1 and ZEB-2. Oncogene 2007, 26(5):711-724.
45. McCarty M.F., Block K.I. Preadministration of high-dose salicylates, suppressors of NF-kappaB activation, may increase the chemosensitivity of many cancers: an example of proapoptotic signal modulation therapy. Integr Cancer Ther 2006, 5(3):252-268.
46. Li Q.Q., Chen Z.Q., Cao X.X., Xu J.D., Xu J.W., Chen Y.Y., et al. Involvement of NF-kappaB/miR-448 regulatory feedback loop in chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2011, 18(1):16-25.
47. McCarty M.F. Salsalate may have broad utility in the prevention and treatment of vascular disorders and the metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2010, 75(3):276-281.
48. Kopp E., Ghosh S. Inhibition of NF-kappa B by sodium salicylate and aspirin. Science 1994, 265(5174):956-959.
49. Yin M.J., Yamamoto Y., Gaynor R.B. The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of I(kappa)B kinase-beta. Nature 1998, 396(6706):77-80.
50. Bombardier C., Peloso P.M., Goldsmith C.H. Salsalate, a nonacetylated salicylate, is as efficacious as diclofenac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Salsalate-Diclofenac Study Group. J Rheumatol 1995, 22(4):617-624.
51. Morris H.G., Sherman N.A., McQuain C., Goldlust M.B., Chang S.F., Harrison L.I. Effects of salsalate (nonacetylated salicylate) and aspirin on serum prostaglandins in humans. Ther Drug Monit 1985, 7(4):435-438.
52. Pierce G.L., Lesniewski L.A., Lawson B.R., Beske S.D., Seals D.R. Nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation contributes to vascular endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress in overweight/obese middle-aged and older humans. Circulation 2009, 119(9):1284-1292.
53. Goldfine A.B., Fonseca V., Jablonski K.A., Pyle L., Staten M.A., Shoelson S.E. The effects of salsalate on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010, 152(6):346-357.
54. McCarty M.F., Barroso-Aranda J., Contreras F. A two-phase strategy for treatment of oxidant-dependent cancers. Med Hypotheses 2007, 69(3):489-496.
55. Brar S.S., Kennedy T.P., Quinn M., Hoidal J.R. Redox signaling of NF-kappaB by membrane NAD(P)H oxidases in normal and malignant cells. Protoplasma 2003, 221(1-2):117-127.
56. Giannoni E., Bianchini F., Calorini L., Chiarugi P. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Exploit Reactive Oxygen Species Through a Proinflammatory Signature Leading to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011, 14(12):2361-2371.
57. Sun W., Zhou S., Chang S.S., McFate T., Verma A., Califano J.A. Mitochondrial mutations contribute to HIF1alpha accumulation via increased reactive oxygen species and up-regulated pyruvate dehydrogenease kinase 2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009, 15(2):476-484.
58. Finch J.S., Tome M.E., Kwei K.A., Bowden G.T. Catalase reverses tumorigenicity in a malignant cell line by an epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2006, 40(5):863-875.
59. DeYulia G.J., Carcamo J.M. EGF receptor-ligand interaction generates extracellular hydrogen peroxide that inhibits EGFR-associated protein tyrosine phosphatases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005, 334(1):38-42.
60. Meves A., Stock S.N., Beyerle A., Pittelkow M.R., Peus D. H(2)O(2) mediates oxidative stress-induced epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2001, 122(3):205-214.
61. Zhou L.Z., Johnson A.P., Rando T.A. NF kappa B and AP-1 mediate transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001, 31(11):1405-1416.
62. Page E.L., Chan D.A., Giaccia A.J., Levine M., Richard D.E. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stabilization in nonhypoxic conditions: role of oxidation and intracellular ascorbate depletion. Mol Biol Cell 2008, 19(1):86-94.
63. Tobar N., Villar V., Santibanez J.F. ROS-NFkappaB mediates TGF-beta1-induced expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cell invasion. Mol Cell Biochem 2010, 340(1-2):195-202.
64. Wang Z., Li Y., Sarkar F.H. Signaling mechanism(s) of reactive oxygen species in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition reminiscent of cancer stem cells in tumor progression. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2010, 5(1):74-80.
65. McCarty M.F. Clinical potential of Spirulina as a source of phycocyanobilin. J Med Food 2007, 10(4):566-570.
66. Neil J.R., Johnson K.M., Nemenoff R.A., Schiemann W.P. Cox-2 inactivates Smad signaling and enhances EMT stimulated by TGF-beta through a PGE2-dependent mechanisms. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29(11):2227-2235.
67. Jang T.J., Jeon K.H., Jung K.H. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human colon cancers. Yonsei Med J 2009, 50(6):818-824.
68. Lissoni P. Is there a role for melatonin in supportive care?. Support Care Cancer 2002, 10(2):110-116.
69. Rodriguez C., Mayo J.C., Sainz R.M., Antolin I., Herrera F., Martin V., et al. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J Pineal Res 2004, 36(1):1-9.
70. nkova-Kostova A.T., Talalay P. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of inducers of cytoprotective proteins. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008, 52(Suppl 1):S128-S138.
71. Dodd S., Dean O., Copolov D.L., Malhi G.S., Berk M. N-acetylcysteine for antioxidant therapy: pharmacology and clinical utility. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008, 8(12):1955-1962.
72. Sears R., Nuckolls F., Haura E., Taya Y., Tamai K., Nevins J.R. Multiple Ras-dependent phosphorylation pathways regulate Myc protein stability. Genes Dev 2000, 14(19):2501-2514.
73. Welcker M., Orian A., Jin J., Grim J.E., Harper J.W., Eisenman R.N., et al. The Fbw7 tumor suppressor regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylation-dependent c-Myc protein degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(24):9085-9090.
74. Korkaya H., Wicha M.S. HER-2, notch, and breast cancer stem cells: targeting an axis of evil. Clin Cancer Res 2009, 15(6):1845-1847.
75. sbois-Mouthon C., Cadoret A., Blivet-Van Eggelpoel M.J., Bertrand F., Cherqui G., Perret C., et al. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulate the beta-catenin pathway through two signalling cascades involving GSK-3beta inhibition and Ras activation. Oncogene 2001, 20(2):252-259.
76. Graff J.R., Zimmer S.G. Translational control and metastatic progression: enhanced activity of the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF-4E selectively enhances translation of metastasis-related mRNAs. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003, 20(3):265-273.
77. McCarty M.F. Insulin and IGF-I as determinants of low " Western" cancer rates in the rural third world. Int J Epidemiol 2004, 33(4):908-910.
78. Fontana L., Weiss E.P., Villareal D.T., Klein S., Holloszy J.O. Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell 2008, 7(5):681-687.
79. Tamburini J., Green A.S., Bardet V., Chapuis N., Park S., Willems L., et al. Protein synthesis is resistant to rapamycin and constitutes a promising therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2009, 114(8):1618-1627.
80. Kentsis A., Topisirovic I., Culjkovic B., Shao L., Borden K.L. Ribavirin suppresses eIF4E-mediated oncogenic transformation by physical mimicry of the 7-methyl guanosine mRNA cap. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(52):18105-18110.
81. Kentsis A., Volpon L., Topisirovic I., Soll C.E., Culjkovic B., Shao L., et al. Further evidence that ribavirin interacts with eIF4E. RNA 2005, 11(12):1762-1766.
82. Westman B., Beeren L., Grudzien E., Stepinski J., Worch R., Zuberek J., et al. The antiviral drug ribavirin does not mimic the 7-methylguanosine moiety of the mRNA cap structure in vitro. RNA 2005, 11(10):1505-1513.
83. Yan Y., Svitkin Y., Lee J.M., Bisaillon M., Pelletier J. Ribavirin is not a functional mimic of the 7-methyl guanosine mRNA cap. RNA 2005, 11(8):1238-1244.
84. Pettersson F., Yau C., Dobocan M.C., Culjkovic-Kraljacic B., Retrouvay H., Puckett R., et al. Ribavirin treatment effects on breast cancers overexpressing eIF4E, a biomarker with prognostic specificity for luminal B-type breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011, 17(9):2874-2884.
85. Assouline S., Culjkovic B., Cocolakis E., Rousseau C., Beslu N., Amri A., et al. Molecular targeting of the oncogene eIF4E in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a proof-of-principle clinical trial with ribavirin. Blood 2009, 114(2):257-260.
86. Culjkovic B., Borden K.L. Understanding and targeting the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E in head and neck cancer. J Oncol 2009, 2009:981679.
87. Yochum G.S., Cleland R., Goodman R.H. A genome-wide screen for beta-catenin binding sites identifies a downstream enhancer element that controls c-Myc gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2008, 28(24):7368-7379.
88. Gehrke I., Gandhirajan R.K., Kreuzer K.A. Targeting the WNT/beta-catenin/TCF/LEF1 axis in solid and haematological cancers: multiplicity of therapeutic options. Eur J Cancer 2009, 45(16):2759-2767.
89. Mann B., Gelos M., Siedow A., Hanski M.L., Gratchev A., Ilyas M., et al. Target genes of beta-catenin-T cell-factor/lymphoid-enhancer-factor signaling in human colorectal carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96(4):1603-1608.
90. Palmer H.G., Gonzalez-Sancho J.M., Espada J., Berciano M.T., Puig I., Baulida J., et al. Vitamin D(3) promotes the differentiation of colon carcinoma cells by the induction of E-cadherin and the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling. J Cell Biol 2001, 154(2):369-387.
91. Egan J.B., Thompson P.A., Vitanov M.V., Bartik L., Jacobs E.T., Haussler M.R., et al. Vitamin D receptor ligands, adenomatous polyposis coli, and the vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism collectively modulate beta-catenin activity in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2010, 49(4):337-352.
92. Pan Q., Martell R.E., O'Connell T.D., Simpson R.U. 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-regulated binding of nuclear proteins to a c-myc intron element. Endocrinology 1996, 137(10):4154-4160.
93. varez-Diaz S., Valle N., Garcia J.M., Pena C., Freije J.M., Quesada V., et al. Cystatin D is a candidate tumor suppressor gene induced by vitamin D in human colon cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2009, 119(8):2343-2358.
94. Larriba M.J., Martin-Villar E., Garcia J.M., Pereira F., Pena C., de Herreros A.G., et al. Snail2 cooperates with Snail1 in the repression of vitamin D receptor in colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2009, 30(8):1459-1468.
95. Cross H.S., Kallay E., Farhan H., Weiland T., Manhardt T. Regulation of extrarenal vitamin D metabolism as a tool for colon and prostate cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res 2003, 164:413-425.
96. Barre B., Avril S., Coqueret O. Opposite regulation of myc and p21waf1 transcription by STAT3 proteins. J Biol Chem 2003, 278(5):2990-2996.
97. Iliopoulos D., Jaeger S.A., Hirsch H.A., Bulyk M.L., Struhl K. STAT3 activation of miR-21 and miR-181b-1 via PTEN and CYLD are part of the epigenetic switch linking inflammation to cancer. Mol Cell 2010, 39(4):493-506.
98. Villalva C., Martin-Lanneree S., Cortes U., Dkhissi F., Wager M., Le C.A., et al. STAT3 is essential for the maintenance of neurosphere-initiating tumor cells in patients with glioblastomas: a potential for targeted therapy?. Int J Cancer 2011, 128(4):826-838.
99. Chen Y.W., Chen K.H., Huang P.I., Chen Y.C., Chiou G.Y., Lo W.L., et al. Cucurbitacin I suppressed stem-like property and enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in head and neck squamous carcinoma-derived CD44(+)ALDH1(+) cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2010, 9(11):2879-2892.
100. Hsu H.S., Huang P.I., Chang Y.L., Tzao C., Chen Y.W., Shih H.C., et al. Cucurbitacin i inhibits tumorigenic ability and enhances radiochemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer-derived CD133-positive cells. Cancer 2011, 117(13):2970-2985.
101. Wang Y., Lu Y., Toh S.T., Sung W.K., Tan P., Chow P., et al. Lethal-7 is down-regulated by the hepatitis B virus x protein and targets signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. J Hepatol 2010, 53(1):57-66.
102. Bharti A.C., Donato N., Aggarwal B.B. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive and IL-6-inducible STAT3 phosphorylation in human multiple myeloma cells. J Immunol 2003, 171(7):3863-3871.
103. Chakravarti N., Myers J.N., Aggarwal B.B. Targeting constitutive and interleukin-6-inducible signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin (diferuloylmethane). Int J Cancer 2006, 119(6):1268-1275.
104. Glienke W., Maute L., Wicht J., Bergmann L. Curcumin inhibits constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and downregulation of survivin/BIRC5 gene expression. Cancer Invest 2010, 28(2):166-171.
105. Weissenberger J., Priester M., Bernreuther C., Rakel S., Glatzel M., Seifert V., et al. Dietary curcumin attenuates glioma growth in a syngeneic mouse model by inhibition of the JAK1, 2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16(23):5781-5795.
106. Agarwal C., Tyagi A., Kaur M., Agarwal R. Silibinin inhibits constitutive activation of Stat3, and causes caspase activation and apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Carcinogenesis 2007, 28(7):1463-1470.
107. Singh R.P., Raina K., Deep G., Chan D., Agarwal R. Silibinin suppresses growth of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 orthotopic xenograft via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and inhibition of signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2009, 15(2):613-621.
108. Lin L., Deangelis S., Foust E., Fuchs J., Li C., Li P.K., et al. A novel small molecule inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and DNA binding activity and exhibits potent growth suppressive activity in human cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2010, 9:217.
109. Flaig T.W., Glode M., Gustafson D., van B.A., Tao Y., Wilson S., et al. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2010, 70(8):848-855.
110. Heddleston J.M., Li Z., Lathia J.D., Bao S., Hjelmeland A.B., Rich J.N. Hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cells. Br J Cancer 2010, 102(5):789-795.
111. Li Z., Rich J.N. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cell maintenance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010, 345:21-30.
112. Szablowska-Gadomska I., Zayat V., Buzanska L. Influence of low oxygen tensions on expression of pluripotency genes in stem cells. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2011, 71(1):86-93.
113. Gordan J.D., Bertout J.A., Hu C.J., Diehl J.A., Simon M.C. HIF-2alpha promotes hypoxic cell proliferation by enhancing c-myc transcriptional activity. Cancer Cell 2007, 11(4):335-347.
114. Block K., Gorin Y., Hoover P., Williams P., Chelmicki T., Clark R.A., et al. NAD(P)H oxidases regulate HIF-2alpha protein expression. J Biol Chem 2007, 282(11):8019-8026.
115. Takebe N., Harris P.J., Warren R.Q., Ivy S.P. Targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011, 8(2):97-106.
116. Noseda M., McLean G., Niessen K., Chang L., Pollet I., Montpetit R., et al. Notch activation results in phenotypic and functional changes consistent with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. Circ Res 2004, 94(7):910-917.
117. Wang Z., Li Y., Kong D., Sarkar F.H. The role of Notch signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during development and tumor aggressiveness. Curr Drug Targets 2010, 11(6):745-751.
118. Palomero T., Lim W.K., Odom D.T., Sulis M.L., Real P.J., Margolin A., et al. NOTCH1 directly regulates c-MYC and activates a feed-forward-loop transcriptional network promoting leukemic cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103(48):18261-18266.
119. Solomon A., Mian Y., Ortega-Cava C., Liu V.W., Gurumurthy C.B., Naramura M., et al. Upregulation of the let-7 microRNA with precocious development in lin-12/Notch hypermorphic Caenorhabditis elegans mutants. Dev Biol 2008, 316(2):191-199.
120. Jorissen E., De S.B. Gamma-secretase and the intramembrane proteolysis of Notch. Curr Top Dev Biol 2010, 92:201-230.
121. Hijioka H., Setoguchi T., Miyawaki A., Gao H., Ishida T., Komiya S., et al. Upregulation of Notch pathway molecules in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2010, 36(4):817-822.
122. Kamstrup M.R., Gjerdrum L.M., Biskup E., Lauenborg B.T., Ralfkiaer E., Woetmann A., et al. Notch1 as a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2010, 116(14):2504-2512.
123. Gilbert C.A., Daou M.C., Moser R.P., Ross A.H. Gamma-secretase inhibitors enhance temozolomide treatment of human gliomas by inhibiting neurosphere repopulation and xenograft recurrence. Cancer Res 2010, 70(17):6870-6879.
124. Grudzien P., Lo S., Albain K.S., Robinson P., Rajan P., Strack P.R., et al. Inhibition of Notch signaling reduces the stem-like population of breast cancer cells and prevents mammosphere formation. Anticancer Res 2010, 30(10):3853-3867.
125. Al-Hussaini H., Subramanyam D., Reedijk M., Sridhar S.S. Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2011, 10(1):9-15.
126. Sarkar F.H., Li Y., Wang Z., Kong D. The role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010, 29(3):383-394.
127. Li Y., Wicha M.S., Schwartz S.J., Sun D. Implications of cancer stem cell theory for cancer chemoprevention by natural dietary compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2011, 22(9):799-806.
128. Wong T.S., Chan W.S., Li C.H., Liu R.W., Tang W.W., Tsao S.W., et al. Curcumin alters the migratory phenotype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through up-regulation of E-cadherin. Anticancer Res 2010, 30(7):2851-2856.
129. Prasad C.P., Rath G., Mathur S., Bhatnagar D., Ralhan R. Potent growth suppressive activity of curcumin in human breast cancer cells: Modulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2009, 181(2):263-271.
130. Jaiswal A.S., Marlow B.P., Gupta N., Narayan S. Beta-catenin-mediated transactivation and cell-cell adhesion pathways are important in curcumin (diferuylmethane)-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2002, 21(55):8414-8427.
131. Elamin M.H., Shinwari Z., Hendrayani S.F., Al-Hindi H., Al-Shail E., Khafaga Y., et al. Curcumin inhibits the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway and triggers apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2010, 49(3):302-314.
132. Thangapazham R.L., Sharma A., Maheshwari R.K. Multiple molecular targets in cancer chemoprevention by curcumin. AAPS J 2006, 8(3):E443-E449.
133. Chen Y., Shu W., Chen W., Wu Q., Liu H., Cui G. Curcumin, both histone deacetylase and p300/CBP-specific inhibitor, represses the activity of nuclear factor kappa B and Notch 1 in Raji cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007, 101(6):427-433.
134. Wang Z., Zhang Y., Banerjee S., Li Y., Sarkar F.H. Notch-1 down-regulation by curcumin is associated with the inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer 2006, 106(11):2503-2513.
135. Shehzad A., Wahid F., Lee Y.S. Curcumin in cancer chemoprevention: molecular targets, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and clinical trials. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010, 343(9):489-499.
136. Sreekanth CN, Bava SV, Sreekumar E, Anto RJ. Molecular evidences for the chemosensitizing efficacy of liposomal curcumin in paclitaxel chemotherapy in mouse models of cervical cancer. Oncogene 2011.
137. Duarte V.M., Han E., Veena M.S., Salvado A., Suh J.D., Liang L.J., et al. Curcumin enhances the effect of cisplatin in suppression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via inhibition of IKKbeta protein of the NFkappaB pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2010, 9(10):2665-2675.
138. Mach C.M., Mathew L., Mosley S.A., Kurzrock R., Smith J.A. Determination of minimum effective dose and optimal dosing schedule for liposomal curcumin in a xenograft human pancreatic cancer model. Anticancer Res 2009, 29(6):1895-1899.
139. Wang D., Veena M.S., Stevenson K., Tang C., Ho B., Suh J.D., et al. Liposome-encapsulated curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in xenografts through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by an AKT-independent pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14(19):6228-6236.
140. Bisht S., Mizuma M., Feldmann G., Ottenhof N.A., Hong S.M., Pramanik D., et al. Systemic administration of polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (NanoCurc) blocks tumor growth and metastases in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2010, 9(8):2255-2264.
141. Lane A.A., Chabner B.A. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(32):5459-5468.
142. Marks P.A. The clinical development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as targeted anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010, 19(9):1049-1066.
143. Martinez-Iglesias O., Ruiz-Llorente L., Sanchez-Martinez R., Garcia L., Zambrano A., Aranda A. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: mechanism of action and therapeutic use in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2008, 10(7):395-398.
144. Duenas-Gonzalez A., Candelaria M., Perez-Plascencia C., Perez-Cardenas E. De lC-H, Herrera LA. Valproic acid as epigenetic cancer drug: preclinical, clinical and transcriptional effects on solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2008, 34(3):206-222.
145. Nolan L., Johnson P.W., Ganesan A., Packham G., Crabb S.J. Will histone deacetylase inhibitors require combination with other agents to fulfil their therapeutic potential?. Br J Cancer 2008, 99(5):689-694.
146. Candelaria M., Gallardo-Rincon D., Arce C., Cetina L., guilar-Ponce J.L., Arrieta O., et al. A phase II study of epigenetic therapy with hydralazine and magnesium valproate to overcome chemotherapy resistance in refractory solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2007, 18(9):1529-1538.
147. Gottlicher M. Valproic acid: an old drug newly discovered as inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Ann Hematol 2004, 83(Suppl 1):S91-S92.
148. Siegel D., Hussein M., Belani C., Robert F., Galanis E., Richon V.M., et al. Vorinostat in solid and hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2009, 2:31.
149. Khan N., Jeffers M., Kumar S., Hackett C., Boldog F., Khramtsov N., et al. Determination of the class and isoform selectivity of small-molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors. Biochem J 2008, 409(2):581-589.
150. Xu Y., Voelter-Mahlknecht S., Mahlknecht U. The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid down-regulates expression levels of Bcr-abl, c-Myc and HDAC3 in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2005, 15(1):169-172.
151. Peart M.J., Smyth G.K., van Laar R.K., Bowtell D.D., Richon V.M., Marks P.A., et al. Identification and functional significance of genes regulated by structurally different histone deacetylase inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102(10):3697-3702.
152. Li X.N., Shu Q., Su J.M., Perlaky L., Blaney S.M., Lau C.C. Valproic acid induces growth arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in medulloblastomas by increasing histone hyperacetylation and regulating expression of p21Cip1, CDK4, and CMYC. Mol Cancer Ther 2005, 4(12):1912-1922.
153. Cheng Y.C., Lin H., Huang M.J., Chow J.M., Lin S., Liu H.E. Downregulation of c-Myc is critical for valproic acid-induced growth arrest and myeloid differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2007, 31(10):1403-1411.
154. Takai N., Desmond J.C., Kumagai T., Gui D., Said J.W., Whittaker S., et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have a profound antigrowth activity in endometrial cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10(3):1141-1149.
155. Kakihana M., Ohira T., Chan D., Webster R.B., Kato H., Drabkin H.A., et al. Induction of E-cadherin in lung cancer and interaction with growth suppression by histone deacetylase inhibition. J Thorac Oncol 2009, 4(12):1455-1465.
156. Lei W., Zhang K., Pan X., Hu Y., Wang D., Yuan X., et al. Histone deacetylase 1 is required for transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010, 42(9):1489-1497.
157. Bruzzese F., Leone A., Rocco M., Carbone C., Piro G., Caraglia M., et al. HDAC inhibitor vorinostat enhances the antitumor effect of gefitinib in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck by modulating ErbB receptor expression and reverting EMT. J Cell Physiol 2010, 226(9):2378-2390.
158. Kim N.H., Kim S.N., Kim Y.K. Involvement of HDAC1 in E-cadherin expression in prostate cancer cells; its implication for cell motility and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011, 404(4):915-921.
159. von B.J., Eser S., Paul M.C., Seidler B., Brandl M., Messer M., et al. E-cadherin regulates metastasis of pancreatic cancer in vivo and is suppressed by a SNAIL/HDAC1/HDAC2 repressor complex. Gastroenterology 2009, 137:361-371.
160. Banwell C.M., O'Neill L.P., Uskokovic M.R., Campbell M.J. Targeting 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 antiproliferative insensitivity in breast cancer cells by co-treatment with histone deacetylation inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004, 89-90(1-5):245-249.
161. Ting H.J., Bao B.Y., Reeder J.E., Messing E.M., Lee Y.F. Increased expression of corepressors in aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer cells results in loss of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 responsiveness. Mol Cancer Res 2007, 5(9):967-980.
162. Banwell C.M., MacCartney D.P., Guy M., Miles A.E., Uskokovic M.R., Mansi J., et al. Altered nuclear receptor corepressor expression attenuates vitamin D receptor signaling in breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2006, 12(7 Pt 1):2004-2013.
163. You J.S., Kang J.K., Seo D.W., Park J.H., Park J.W., Lee J.C., et al. Depletion of embryonic stem cell signature by histone deacetylase inhibitor in NCCIT cells: involvement of Nanog suppression. Cancer Res 2009, 69(14):5716-5725.
164. Karantzali E., Schulz H., Hummel O., Hubner N., Hatzopoulos A., Kretsovali A. Histone deacetylase inhibition accelerates the early events of stem cell differentiation: transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis. Genome Biol 2008, 9(4):R65.
165. Debeb B.G., Xu W., Mok H., Li L., Robertson F., Ueno N.T., et al. Differential radiosensitizing effect of valproic acid in differentiation versus self-renewal promoting culture conditions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 76(3):889-895.