Carbon nanotube synthesis and organization

Topics in Applied Physics

Volumn 111, Issue , 2008, Pages 101-164

  Joselevich, Ernesto ^a   Dai, Hongjie ^b   Liu, Jie ^c   Hata, Kenji ^d   Windle, Alan H ^e  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 57149119644     PISSN: 03034216     EISSN: 14370859     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (227)

1. T. W. Ebbesen, P. M. Ajayan: Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes, Nature 358, 220-222 (1992) 102, 103
2. D. S. Bethune, C. H. Kiang, M. DeVries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez, R. Beyers: Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls, Nature 363, 605-607 (1993) 102, 103
3. A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikolaev, H. J. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. H. Xu, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G. E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J. E. Fischer, R. E. Smalley: Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes, Science 273, 483-487 (1996) 102, 103, 105
4. H. Dai, A. G. Rinzler, A. Thess, P. Nikolaev, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley: Single-wall carbon nanotubes produced by metal-catalyzed disproportionation of carbon monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett. 260, 471-475 (1996) 102, 104, 105
5. J. Kong, H. Soh, A. Cassell, C. F. Quate, H. Dai: Synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterned silicon wafers, Nature 395, 878-881 (1998) 102, 104, 147, 148
6. J. Hafner, M. Bronikowski, B. Azamian, P. Nikolaev, D. Colbert, R. Smalley: Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles, Chem. Phys. Lett. 296, 195-202. (1998) 102, 104
7. H. Dai: Carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges, Surf. Sci. 500, 218-241 (2002) 103, 104, 126
8. H. Dai: Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, integration, and properties, Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 1035-1044 (2002) 103, 104
9. H. Dai, J. Kong, C. Zhou, N. Franklin, T. Tombler, A. Cassell, S. Fan, M. Chapline: Controlled chemical routes to nanotube architectures, physics and devices, J. Phys. Chem. 103, 11246-11255 (1999) 103, 104
10. J. Kong, A. M. Cassell, H. Dai: Chemical vapor deposition of methane for single-walled carbon nanotubes, Chem. Phys. Lett. 292, 567-574 (1998) 104
11. A. Cassell, J. Raymakers, J. Kong, H. Dai: Large scale single-walled nanotubes by CVD synthesis, J. Phys. Chem. 103, 6484-6492 (1999) 104
12. M. Su, B. Zheng, J. Liu: A scalable CVD method for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with high catalyst productivity, Chem. Phys. Lett. 322, 321-326 (2000) 104
13. P. Nikolaev, M. J. Bronikowski, R. K. Bradley, F. Rohmund, D. T. Colbert, K. A. Smith, R. E. Smalley: Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett. 313, 91-97 (1999) 104
14. B. Kitiyanan, W. E. Alvarez, J. H. Harwell, D. E. Resasco: Controlled production of single-wall carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of CO on bimetallic Co-Mo catalysts, Chem. Phys. Lett. 317, 497-503 (2000) 104
15. S. Maruyama, R. Kojima, Y. Miyauchi, S. Chiashi, M. Kohno: Low-temperature synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from alcohol, Chem. Phys. Lett. 360, 229-234 (2002) 104
16. Y. M. Li, D. Mann, M. Rolandi, W. Kim, A. Ural, S. Hung, A. Javey, J. Cao, D. W. Wang, E. Yenilmez, Q. Wang, J. F. Gibbons, Y. Nishi, H. J. Dai: Preferential growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by a plasma enhanced CVD method, Nano Lett. 4, 317-321 (2004) 105, 106
17. G. F. Zhong, T. Iwasaki, K. Honda, Y. Furukawa, I. Ohdomari, H. Kawarada: Low temperature synthesis of extremely dense and vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes, Jpn. J. App. Phys. 1 44, 1558-1561 (2005) 105
18. G. Y. Zhang, D. Mann, L. Zhang, A. Javey, Y. M. Li, E. Yenilmenz, Q. Wang, J. McVittie, Y. Nishi, J. Gibbons, H. Dai: Ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes: Hidden roles of hydrogen and oxygen, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 102, 16141-16145 (2005) 105
19. W. L. Wang, X. D. Bai, Z. Xu, S. Liu, E. G. Wang: Low temperature growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes: Small diameters with narrow distribution, Chem. Phys. Lett. 419, 81-85 (2006) 105
20. T. Kato, R. Hatakeyama, K. Tohji: Diffusion plasma chemical vapour deposition yielding freestanding individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on a silicon-based flat substrate, Nanotechnol. 17, 2223-2226 (2006) 105
21. A. V. Melechko, V. I. Merkulov, T. E. McKnight, M. A. Guillorn, K. L. Klein, D. H. Lowndes, M. L. Simpson: Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers and related structures: Controlled synthesis and directed assembly, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 041301 (2005) 105
22. C. Journet, W. K. Maser, P. Bernier, A. Loiseau, M. L. delaChapelle, S. Lefrant, P. Deniard, R. Lee, J. E. Fischer: Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique, Nature 388, 756-758 (1997) 105
23. P. Nikolaev, M. J. Bronikowski, R. K. Bradley, F. Rohmund, D. T. Colbert, K. A. Smith, R. E. Smalley: Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett. 313, 91-97 (1999) 105
24. Y. Li, S. Peng, D. Mann, J. Cao, R. Tu, K. J. Cho, H. Dai: On the origin of preferential growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 6968-6971 (2005) 107
25. G. Y. Zhang, P. F. Qi, X. R. Wang, Y. R. Lu, X. L. Li, R. Tu, S. Bangsaruntip, D. Mann, L. Zhang, H. J. Dai: Selective etching of metallic carbon nanotubes by gas-phase reaction, Science 314, 974-977 (2006) 107, 115
26. S. M. Bachilo, L. Balzano, J. E. Herrera, F. Pompeo, D. E. Resasco, R. B. Weisman: Narrow (n,m)-Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown Using a Solid Supported Catalyst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 11186-11187 (2003) 107
27. G. Lolli, L. A. Zhang, L. Balzano, N. Sakulchaicharoen, Y. Q. Tan, D. E. Resasco: Tailoring (n,m) structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes by modifying reaction conditions and the nature of the support of CoMo catalysts, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 2108-2115 (2006) 107
28. T. J. Park, S. Banerjee, T. Hemraj-Benny, S. S. Wong: Purification strategies and purity visualization techniques for single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Mater. Chem. 16, 141-154 (2006) 107, 108
29. R. C. Haddon, J. Sippel, A. G. Rinzler, F. Papadimitrakopoulos: Purification and separation of carbon nanotubes, MRS Bull. 29, 252-259 (2004) 107, 108, 109, 110
30. T. W. Ebbesen, P. M. Ajayan, H. Hiura, K. Tanigaki: Purification of Nanotubes, Nature 367, 519-519 (1994) 108
31. J. L. Zimmerman, R. K. Bradley, C. B. Huffman, R. H. Hauge, J. L. Margrave: Gas-phase purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Chem. Mater. 12, 1361-1366 (2000) 108
32. J. M. Moon, K. H. An, Y. H. Lee, Y. S. Park, D. J. Bae, G. S. Park: High-yield purification process of singlewalled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 5677-5681 (2001) 108
33. Z. J. Shi, Y. F. Lian, F. H. Liao, X. H. Zhou, Z. N. Gu, Y. G. Zhang, S. Iijima: Purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Solid State Commun. 112, 35-37 (1999) 108
34. I. W. Chiang, B. E. Brinson, A. Y. Huang, P. A. Willis, M. J. Bronikowski, J. L. Margrave, R. E. Smalley, R. H. Hauge: Purification and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) obtained from the gas-phase decomposition of CO (HiPco process), J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 8297-8301 (2001) 108
35. Y. Q. Xu, H. Q. Peng, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley: Controlled multistep purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 5, 163-168 (2005) 108
36. I. W. Chiang, B. E. Brinson, R. E. Smalley, J. L. Margrave, R. H. Hauge: Purification and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 1157-1161 (2001) 108
37. A. C. Dillon, T. Gennett, K. M. Jones, J. L. Alleman, P. A. Parilla, M. J. Heben: A simple and complete purification of single-walled carbon nanotube materials, Adv. Mater. 11, 1354-1358 (1999) 108
38. E. Dujardin, T. W. Ebbesen, A. Krishnan, M. M. J. Treacy: Purification of single-shell nanotubes, Adv. Mater. 10, 611-613 (1998) 108
39. D. Chattopadhyay, I. Galeska, F. Papadimitrakopoulos: Complete elimination of metal catalysts from single wall carbon nanotubes, Carbon 40, 985-988 (2002) 108
40. M. Monthioux, B. W. Smith, B. Burteaux, A. Claye, J. E. Fischer, D. E. Luzzi: Sensitivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes to chemical processing: an electron microscopy investigation, Carbon 39, 1251-1272 (2001) 108
41. A. G. Rinzler, J. Liu, H. Dai, P. Nikolaev, C. B. Huffman, F. J. Rodriguez-Macias, P. J. Boul, A. H. Lu, D. Heymann, D. T. Colbert, R. S. Lee, J. E. Fischer, A. M. Rao, P. C. Eklund, R. E. Smalley: Large-scale purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes: process, product, and characterization, Appl. Phys. A-Mater. 67, 29-37 (1998) 108
42. C. Bower, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Wu, O. Zhou: Intercalation and partial exfoliation of single-walled carbon nanotubes by nitric acid, Chem. Phys. Lett. 288, 481-486 (1998) 108
43. J. Liu, A. G. Rinzler, H. J. Dai, J. H. Hafner, R. K. Bradley, P. J. Boul, A. Lu, T. Iverson, K. Shelimov, C. B. Huffman, F. Rodriguez-Macias, Y. S. Shon, T. R. Lee, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley: Fullerene pipes, Science 280, 1253-1256 (1998) 108, 111, 115, 142
44. Y. L. Yang, L. M. Xie, Z. Chen, M. H. Liu, T. Zhu, Z. F. Liu: Purification and length separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes using chromatographic method, Synth. Met. 155, 455-460 (2005) 109, 111, 115
45. X. Y. Huang, R. S. McLean, M. Zheng: High-resolution length sorting and purification of DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes by size-exclusion chromatography, Anal. Chem. 77, 6225-6228 (2005) 109, 111, 115
46. S. Niyogi, H. Hu, M. A. Hamon, P. Bhowmik, B. Zhao, S. M. Rozenzhak, J. Chen, M. E. Itkis, M. S. Meier, R. C. Haddon: Chromatographic purification of soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 733-734 (2001) 109
47. A. P. Yu, E. Bekyarova, M. E. Itkis, D. Fakhrutdinov, R. Webster, R. C. Haddon: Application of centrifugation to the large-scale purification of electric arc-produced single-walled carbon nanotube, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 9902-9908 (2006) 109
48. H. B. Jia, Y. F. Lian, M. O. Ishitsuka, T. Nakahodo, Y. Maeda, T. Tsuchiya, T. Wakahara, T. Akasaka: Centrifugal purification of chemically modified single-walled carbon nanotube, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 6, 571-581 (2005) 109
49. R. Krupke, F. Hennrich: Separation techniques for carbon nanotubes, Adv. Eng. Mater. 7, 111-116 (2005) 109, 110
50. M. J. O'Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, J. P. Ma, R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, R. E. Smalley: Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes, Science 297, 593-596 (2002) 109
51. B. L. Chen, J. P. Selegue: Separation and characterization of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes by using flow field-flow fractionation, Anal. Chem. 74, 4774-4780 (2002) 111, 115
52. G. S. Duesberg, M. Burghard, J. Muster, G. Philipp, S. Roth: Separation of carbon nanotubes by size exclusion chromatography, Chem. Commun. pp. 435-436 (1998) 111, 115, 118
53. K. Arnold, F. Hennrich, R. Krupke, S. Lebedkin, M. M. Kappes: Length separation studies of single walled carbon nanotube dispersions, Phys. Stat. Sol. B 243, 3073-3076 (2006) 111, 115
54. G. S. Duesberg, J. Muster, V. Krstic, M. Burghard, S. Roth: Chromatographic size separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Appl. Phys. A-Mater. 67, 117-119 (1998) 111, 115
55. G. S. Duesberg, W. Blau, H. J. Byrne, J. Muster, M. Burghard, S. Roth: Chromatography of carbon nanotubes, Synthetic Met. 103, 2484-2485 (1999) 111, 115
56. E. Farkas, M. E. Anderson, Z. H. Chen, A. G. Rinzler: Length sorting cut single wall carbon nanotubes by high performance liquid chromatography, Chem. Phys. Lett. 363, 111-116 (2002) 111, 115
57. X. Y. Xu, R. Ray, Y. L. Gu, H. J. Ploehn, L. Gearheart, K. Raker, W. A. Scrivens: Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 12736-12737 (2004) 111, 115
58. A. A. Vetcher, S. Srinivasan, I. A. Vetcher, S. M. Abramov, M. Kozlov, R. H. Baughman, S. D. Levene: Fractionation of SWNT/nucleic acid complexes by agarose gel electrophoresis, Nanotechnol. 17, 4263-4269 (2006) 111, 115
59. R. Krupke, F. Hennrich, H. von Lohneysen, M. M. Kappes: Separation of metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Science 301, 344-347 (2003) 110, 111, 114, 135
60. R. Krupke, F. Hennrich, H. B. Weber, M. M. Kappes, H. von Lohneysen: Simultaneous deposition of metallic bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes using ac-dielectrophoresis, Nano Lett. 3, 1019-1023 (2003) 111, 135, 136
61. R. Krupke, F. Hennrich, M. M. Kappes, H. V. Lohneysen: Surface conductance induced dielectrophoresis of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 4, 1395-1399 (2004) 111, 113, 135
62. D. S. Lee, D. W. Kim, H. S. Kim, S. W. Lee, S. H. Jhang, Y. W. Park, E. E. B. Campbell: Extraction of semiconducting CNTs by repeated dielectrophoretic filtering, Appl. Phys. A-Mater. 80, 5-8 (2005) 111, 113
63. Z. B. Zhang, X. J. Liu, E. E. B. Campbell, S. L. Zhang: Alternating current dielectrophoresis of carbon nanotubes, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 056103 (2005) 111
64. T. Lutz, K. J. Donovan: Macroscopic scale separation of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes by dielectrophoresis, Carbon 43, 2508-2513 (2005) 111, 113
65. C. W. Marquardt, S. Blatt, F. Hennrich, H. V. Lohneysen, R. Krupke: Probing dielectrophoretic force fields with metallic carbon nanotubes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 183117 (2006) 111
66. Z. Chen, Z. Y. Wu, L. M. Tong, H. P. Pan, Z. F. Liu: Simultaneous dielectrophoretic separation and assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes on multigap nanoelectrodes and their thermal sensing properties, Anal. Chem. 78, 8069-8075 (2006) 111
67. R. Krupke, S. Linden, M. Rapp, F. Hennrich: Thin films of metallic carbon nanotubes prepared by dielectrophoresis, Adv. Mater. 18, 1468-1470 (2006) 111, 113
68. D. Chattopadhyay, L. Galeska, F. Papadimitrakopoulos: A route for bulk separation of semiconducting from metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 3370-3375 (2003) 111, 116
69. G. G. Samsonidze, S. G. Chou, A. P. Santos, V. W. Brar, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, A. Selbst, A. K. Swan, M. S. Unlu, B. B. Goldberg, D. Chattopadhyay, S. N. Kim, F. Papadimitrakopoulos: Quantitative evaluation of the octadecylamine-assisted bulk separation of semiconducting and metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes by resonance raman spectroscopy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1006-1008 (2004) 111, 116
70. Y. Maeda, S. Kimura, M. Kanda, Y. Hirashima, T. Hasegawa, T. Wakahara, Y. F. Lian, T. Nakahodo, T. Tsuchiya, T. Akasaka, J. Lu, X. W. Zhang, Z. X. Gao, Y. P. Yu, S. Nagase, S. Kazaoui, N. Minami, T. Shimizu, H. Tokumoto, R. Saito: Large-scale separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 10287-10290 (2005) 111, 116
71. Y. Maeda, M. Kanda, M. Hashimoto, T. Hasegawa, S. Kimura, Y. F. Lian, T. Wakahara, T. Akasaka, S. Kazaoui, N. Minami, T. Okazaki, Y. Hayamizu, K. Hata, J. Lu, S. Nagase: Dispersion and separation of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12239-12242 (2006) 111, 116
72. K. J. Ziegler, D. J. Schmidt, U. Rauwald, K. N. Shah, E. L. Flor, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley: Length-dependent extraction of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 5, 2355-2359 (2005) 111, 115
73. L. J. Li, A. N. Khlobystov, J. G. Wiltshire, G. A. D. Briggs, R. J. Nicholas: Diameter-selective encapsulation of metallocenes in single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nature Mater. 4, 481-485 (2005) 111
74. A. Ortiz-Acevedo, H. Xie, V. Zorbas, W. M. Sampson, A. B. Dalton, R. H. Baughman, R. K. Draper, I. H. Musselman, G. R. Dieckmann: Diameter-selective solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by reversible cyclic peptides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 9512-9517 (2005) 111, 116
75. Z. H. Chen, X. Du, M. H. Du, C. D. Rancken, H. P. Cheng, A. G. Rinzler: Bulk separative enrichment in metallic or semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 3, 1245-1249 (2003) 111, 116
76. L. Kavan, L. Dunsch: Diameter-selective electrochemical doping of HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 3, 969-972 (2003) 111, 116
77. A. Kukovecz, T. Pichler, R. PfeiEer, H. Kuzmany: Diameter selective charge transfer in p- and n-doped single wall carbon nanotubes synthesized by the HiPCO method, Chem. Commun. pp. 1730-1731 (2002) 111, 116
78. A. Kukovecz, T. Pichler, R. Pfeiffer, C. Kramberger, H. Kuzmany: Diameter selective doping of single wall carbon nanotubes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 582-587 (2003) 111
79. H. P. Li, B. Zhou, Y. Lin, L. R. Gu, W. Wang, K. A. S. Fernando, S. Kumar, L. F. Allard, Y. P. Sun: Selective interactions of porphyrins with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 1014-1015 (2004) 111, 116
80. M. S. Arnold, S. I. Stupp, M. C. Hersam: Enrichment of single-walled carbon nanotubes by diameter in density gradients, Nano Lett. 5, 713-718 (2005) 111, 116
81. C. Menard-Moyon, N. Izard, E. Doris, C. Mioskowski: Separation of semiconducting from metallic carbon nanotubes by selective functionalization with azomethine ylides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 6552-6553 (2006) 111, 116
82. S. Banerjee, S. S. Wong: Selective metallic tube reactivity in the solution-phase osmylation of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 2073-2081 (2004) 111
83. L. An, Q. A. Fu, C. G. Lu, J. Liu: A simple chemical route to selectively eliminate metallic carbon nanotubes in nanotube network devices, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 10520-10521 (2004) 111
84. Y. Miyata, Y. Maniwa, H. Kataura: Selective oxidation of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes by hydrogen peroxide, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 25-29 (2006) 111
85. A. Hassanien, M. Tokumoto, P. Umek, D. Vrbanic, M. Mozetic, D. Mihailovic, P. Venturing S. Pejovnik: Selective etching of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes with hydrogen plasma, Nanotechnol. 16, 278-281 (2005) 111
86. G. Y. Zhang, P. F. Qi, X. R. Wang, Y. R. Lu, X. L. Li, R. Tu, S. Bangsaruntip, D. Mann, L. Zhang, H. J. Dai: Selective etching of metallic carbon nanotubes by gas-phase reaction, Science 314, 974-977 (2006) 111
87. E. Borowiak-Palen, T. Pichler, X. Liu, M. Knupfer, A. Graff, O. Jost, W. Pompe, R. J. Kalenczuk, J. Fink: Reduced diameter distribution of single-wall carbon nanotubes by selective oxidation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 363, 567-572 (2002) 111
88. E. Menna, F. D. Negra, M. D. Fontana, M. Meneghetti: Selectivity of chemical oxidation attack of single-wall carbon nanotubes in solution, Phys. Rev. B 68, 193412 (2003) 111
89. P. C. Collins, M. S. Arnold, P. Avouris: Engineering carbon nanotubes and nanotube circuits using electrical breakdown, Science 292, 706-709 (2001) 111, 115
90. R. Seidel, A. P. Graham, E. Unger, G. S. Duesberg, M. Liebau, W. Steinhoegl, F. Kreupl, W. Hoenlein: High-current nanotube transistors, Nano Lett. 4, 831-834 (2004) 111, 115
91. H. Q. Peng, N. T. Alvarez, C. Kittrell, R. H. Hauge, H. K. Schmidt: Dielectrophoresis field flow fractionation of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 8396-8397 (2006) 112, 113
92. S. N. Kim, Z. T. Luo, F. Papadimitrakopoulos: Diameter and metallicity dependent redox influences on the separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 5, 2500-2504 (2005) 112, 116
93. M. S. Arnold, A. A. Green, J. F. Hulvat, S. I. Stupp, M. C. Hersam: Sorting carbon nanotubes by electronic structure using density differentiation, Nature Nanotechnol. 1, 60-65 (2006) 112, 114, 116
94. L. J. Li, R. J. Nicholas: Bandgap-selective chemical doping of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nanotechnol. 15, 1844-1847 (2004) 112
95. M. Zheng, A. Jagota, E. D. Semke, B. A. Diner, R. S. Mclean, S. R. Lustig, R. E. Richardson, N. G. Tassi: DNA-assisted dispersion and separation of carbon nanotubes, Nature Mater. 2, 338-342 (2003) 112, 113, 114, 116
96. M. Zheng, A. Jagota, M. S. Strano, A. P. Santos, P. Barone, S. G. Chou, B. A. Diner, M. S. Dresselhaus, R. S. McLean, G. B. Onoa, G. G. Samsonidze, E. D. Semke, M. Usrey, D. J. Walls: Structure-based carbon nanotube sorting by sequence-dependent DNA assembly, Science 302, 1545-1548 (2003) 112, 114, 116
97. M. S. Strano, M. Zheng, A. Jagota, G. B. Onoa, D. A. Heller, P. W. Barone, M. L. Usrey: Understanding the nature of the DNA-assisted separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes using fluorescence and raman spectroscopy, Nano Lett. 4, 543-550 (2004) 112, 116
98. S. R. Lustig, A. Jagota, C. Khripin, M. Zheng: Theory of structure-based carbon nanotube separations by ion-exchange chromatography of DNA/CNT hybrids, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 2559-2566 (2005) 112, 116
99. M. S. Strano, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. J. O'Connell, E. H. Haroz, J. Hubbard, M. Miller, K. Rialon, C. Kittrell, S. Ramesh, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley: Reversible, band-gap-selective protonation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in solution, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 6979-6985 (2003) 112
100. M. S. Strano, C. A. Dyke, M. L. Usrey, P. W. Barone, M. J. Allen, H. W. Shan, C. Kittrell, R. H. Hauge, J. M. Tour, R. E. Smalley: Electronic structure control of single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization, Science 301, 1519-1522 (2003) 112, 113, 114, 116
101. M. L. Usrey, E. S. Lippmann, M. S. Strano: Evidence for a two-step mechanism in electronically selective single-walled carbon nanotube reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 16129-16135 (2005) 112
102. C. J. Wang, Q. Cao, T. Ozel, A. Gaur, J. A. Rogers, M. Shim: Electronically selective chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes: Correlation between Raman spectral and electrical responses, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 11460-11468 (2005) 112
103. C. A. Dyke, M. P. Stewart, J. M. Tour: Separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes on silica gel. Materials morphology and Raman excitation wavelength affect data interpretation, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 4497-4509 (2005) 112, 113, 116
104. S. Baik, M. Usrey, L. Rotkina, M. Strano: Using the selective functionalization of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes to control dielectrophoretic mobility, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 15560-15564 (2004) 112, 113
105. M. S. Strano: Probing chiral selective reactions using a revised Kataura plot for the interpretation of single-walled carbon nanotube spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 16148-16153 (2003) 112, 116
106. K. Kamaras, M. E. Itkis, H. Hu, B. Zhao, R. C. Haddon: Covalent bond formation to a carbon nanotube metal, Science 301, 1501-1501 (2003) 112
107. K. H. An, J. S. Park, C. M. Yang, S. Y. Jeong, S. C. Lim, C. Kang, J. H. Son, M. S. Jeong, Y. H. Lee: A diameter-selective attack of metallic carbon nanotubes by nitronium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 5196-5203 (2005) 112
108. C. M. Yang, J. S. Park, K. H. An, S. C. Lim, K. Seo, B. Kim, K. A. Park, S. Han, C. Y. Park, Y. H. Lee: Selective removal of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameters by using nitric and sulfuric acids, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 19242-19248 (2005) 112
109. C. M. Yang, K. H. An, J. S. Park, K. A. Park, S. C. Lim, S. H. Cho, Y. S. Lee, W. Park, C. Y. Park, Y. H. Lee: Preferential etching of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameter by fluorine gas, Phys. Rev. B 73, 075419 (2006) 112
110. T. W. Odom, J. L. Huang, P. Kim, C. M. Lieber: Structure and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 2794-2809 (2000) 112, 116
111. E. Joselevich: Chemistry and electronics of carbon nanotubes go together, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 2992-2994 (2004) 116
112. E. Joselevich: Electronic structure and chemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes: A chemist's view, Chem. Phys. Chem. 5, 619-624 (2004) 116
113. Z. F. Chen, W. Thiel, A. Hirsch: Reactivity of the convex and concave surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) towards addition reactions: Dependence on the carbon-atom pyramidalization, Chem. Phys. Chem. 4, 93-97 (2003) 116
114. R. E. Smalley, Y. B. Li, V. C. Moore, B. K. Price, R. Colorado, H. K. Schmidt, R. H. Hauge, A. R. Barron, J. M. Tour: Single wall carbon nanotube amplification: En route to a type-specific growth mechanism, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 15824-15829 (2006) 116, 142
115. Y. H. Wang, M. J. Kim, H. W. Shan, C. Kittrell, H. Fan, L. M. Ericson, W. F. Hwang, S. Arepalli, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley: Continued growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 5, 997-1002 (2005) 116, 118, 142
116. M. J. Kim, E. Haroz, Y. Wang, H. Shan, N. Nicholas, C. Kittrell, V. C. Moore, Y. Jung, D. Luzzi, R. Wheeler, T. BensonTolle, H. Fan, S. Da, W. F. Hwang, T. J. Wainerdi, H. Schmidt, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley: Nanoscopically flat open-ended single-walled carbon nanotube substrates for continued growth, Nano Lett. 7, 15-21 (2007) 116, 142
117. M. Hamm, J. A. Elliott, H. J. Smithson, A. H. Windle: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 788 (2004) 117
118. S. Giordani, S. D. Bergin, V. Nicolosi, S. Lebedkin, M. M. Kappes, W. J. Blau, J. N. Coleman: Debundling of single-walled nanotubes by dilution: Observation of large populations of individual nanotubes in amide solvent dispersions, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 15708-15718 (2006) 118
119. M. S. P. Shaffer, X. Fan, A. H. Windle: Dispersion and packing of carbon nanotubes, Carbon 36, 1603-1612 (1998) 118
120. P. J. Flory, P. R. Soc.: Phase equilibria in solutions of rod-like particles, London A 234, 73-89 (1956) 118
121. W. H. Song, I. A. Kinloch, A. H. Windle: Nematic liquid crystallinity of multiwall carbon nanotubes, Science 302, 1363-1363 (2003) 118
122. S. J. Zhang, I. A. Kinloch, A. H. Windle: Mesogenicity drives fractionation in lyotropic aqueous suspensions of multiwall carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 6, 568-572 (2006) 119
123. H. G. Chae, S. Kumar: Rigid-rod polymeric fibers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100, 791-802 (2006) 119
124. L. M. Ericson, H. Fan, H. Q. Peng, V. A. Davis, W. Zhou, J. Sulpizio, Y. H. Wang, R. Booker, J. Vavro, C. Guthy, A. N. G. Parra-Vasquez, M. J. Kim, S. Ramesh, R. K. Saini, C. Kittrell, G. Lavin, H. Schmidt, W. W. Adams, W. E. Billups, M. Pasquali, W. F. Hwang, R. H. Hauge, J. E. Fischer, R. E. Smalley: Macroscopic, neat, single-walled carbon nanotube fibers, Science 305, 1447-1450 (2004) 119, 120
125. J. Steinmetz, M. Glerup, M. Paillet, P. Bernier, M. Holzinger: Production of pure nanotube fibers using a modified wet-spinning method, Carbon 43, 2397-2400 (2005) 120
126. S. Zhang, K. K. K. Koziol, I. A. Kinloch, A. H. Windle: Carbon (2007) submitted 120
127. A. Penicaud, L. Valat, A. Derre, P. Poulin, C. Zakri, O. Roubeau, M. Maugey, P. Miaudet, E. Anglaret, P. Petit, A. Loiseau, S. Enouz: Mild dissolution of carbon nanotubes: Composite carbon nanotube fibres from polyelectrolyte solutions, Compos. Sci. Technol. 67, 795-797 (2007) 120, 121
128. L. X. Zheng, M. J. O'Connell, S. K. Doom, X. Z. Liao, Y. H. Zhao, E. A. Akhadov, M. A. Hoffbauer, B. J. Roop, Q. X. Jia, R. C. Dye, D. E. Peterson, S. M. Huang, J. Liu, Y. T. Zhu: Ultralong single-wall carbon nanotubes, Nature Mater. 3, 673-676 (2004) 120, 123
129. B. Vigolo, A. Penicaud, C. Coulon, C. Sauder, R. Pailler, C. Journet, P. Bernier, P. Poulin: Macroscopic fibers and ribbons of oriented carbon nanotubes, Science 290, 1331-1334 (2000) 120
130. P. Poulin, B. Vigolo, P. Launois: Films and fibers of oriented single wall nanotubes, Carbon 40, 1741-1749 (2002) 120, 121
131. H. H. Gommans, J. W. Alldredge, H. Tashiro, J. Park, J. Magnuson, A. G. Rinzler: Fibers of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes: Polarized Raman spectroscopy, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 2509-2514 (2000) 121
132. B. Vigolo, P. Poulin, M. Lucas, P. Launois, P. Bernier: Improved structure and properties of single-wall carbon nanotube spun fibers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1210-1212 (2002) 121
133. P. Miaudet, S. Badaire, M. Maugey, A. Derre, V. Pichot, P. Launois, P. Poulin, C. Zakri: Hot-drawing of single and multiwall carbon nanotube fibers for high toughness and alignment, Nano Lett. 5, 2212-2215 (2005) 121, 122
134. V. Pichot, S. Badaire, P. A. Albouy, C. Zakri, P. Poulin, P. Launois: Structural and mechanical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube fibers, Phys. Rev. B 74, 245416 (2006) 121
135. A. B. Dalton, S. Collins, E. Munoz, J. M. Razal, V. H. Ebron, J. P. Ferraris, J. N. Coleman, B. G. Kim, R. H. Baughman: Super-tough carbon-nanotube fibres - These extraordinary composite fibres can be woven into electronic textiles, Nature 423, 703-703 (2003) 121
136. A. Penicaud, P. Poulin, A. Derre, E. Anglaret, P. Petit: Spontaneous dissolution of a single-wall carbon nanotube salt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 8-9 (2005) 121
137. T. V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, B. G. Min, H. Guo, S. Kumar, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley: Polyacrylonitrile single-walled carbon nanotube composite fibers, Adv. Mater. 16, 58-61 (2004) 122
138. C. Y. Wang, V. Mottaghitalab, C. O. Too, G. M. Spinks, G. G. Wallace: Polyaniline and polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite fibres as battery materials in ionic liquid electrolyte, J. Power Sources 163, 1105-1109 (2007) 122
139. B. G. Min, T. V. Sreekumar, T. Uchida, S. Kumar: Oxidative stabilization of PAN/SWNT composite fiber, Carbon 43, 599-604 (2005) 122
140. Y. P. Wang, R. L. Cheng, L. L. Liang, Y. M. Wang: Study on the preparation and characterization of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-carbon nanotubes composite fiber, Compos. Sci. Technol. 65, 793-797 (2005) 122
141. K. L. Jiang, Q. Q. Li, S. S. Fan: Nanotechnology: Spinning continuous carbon nanotube yarns - Carbon nanotubes weave their way into a range of imaginative macroscopic applications, Nature 419, 801-801 (2002) 122
142. M. Zhang, K. R. Atkinson, R. H. Baughman: Multifunctional carbon nanotube yarns by downsizing an ancient technology, Science 306, 1358-1361 (2004) 122, 123
143. J. W. S. Hearle, P. Grosberg, S. Becker: Structural Mechanics of Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics (Wiley, New York 1969) 122
144. Q. Li, X. Zhang, R. F. DePaula, L. X. Zheng, Y. H. Zhao, L. Stan, T. G. Holesinger, P. N. Arendt, D. E. Peterson, Y. T. Zhu: Poster presentation preprint, MRS Fall Meeting, Boston (2006) 123
145. M. Zhang, S. L. Fang, A. A. Zakhidov, S. B. Lee, A. E. Aliev, C. D. Williams, K. R. Atkinson, R. H. Baughman: Strong, transparent, multifunctional, carbon nanotube sheets, Science 309, 1215-1219 (2005) 123
146. Y. L. Li, I. A. Kinloch, A. H. Windle: Direct spinning of carbon nanotube fibers from chemical vapor deposition synthesis, Science 304, 276-278 (2004) 123
147. H. W. Zhu, C. L. Xu, D. H. Wu, B. Q. Wei, R. Vajtai, P. M. Ajayan: Direct synthesis of long single-walled carbon nanotube strands, Science 296, 884-886 (2002) 123
148. M. Motta, A. Moisala, I. A. Kinloch, V. Premnath, M. Pick, A. H. Windle: The parameter space for the direct spinning of fibres and films of carbon nanotubes, Physica E 37, 40-43 (2007) 124
149. M. Motta, Y. L. Li, I. Kinloch, A. Windle: Mechanical properties of continuously spun fibers of carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 5, 1529-1533 (2005) 124
150. M. Motta, A. Moisala, I. Kinloch, A. H. Windle: High performance fibres from dog bone carbon nanotubes, Adv. Mater. 19, 3721-3726 (2007) 124
151. R. F. Service: Assembling nanocircuits from the bottom up, Science 293, 782-785 (2001) 126
152. S. M. Huang, L. M. Dai, A. W. H. Mau: Patterned growth and contact transfer of well-aligned carbon nanotube films, J. Phys. Chem. B. 103, 4223-4227 (1999) 126
153. B. Q. Wei, R. Vajtai, Y. Jung, J. Ward, R. Zhang, G. Ramanath, P. M. Ajayan: Organized assembly of carbon nanotubes - Cunning refinements help to customize the architecture of nanotube structures, Nature 416, 495-496 (2002) 126
154. L. M. Dai, A. Patil, X. Y. Gong, Z. X. Guo, L. Q. Liu, Y. Liu, D. B. Zhu: Aligned nanotubes, Chem. Phys. Chem. 4, 1150-1169 (2003) 126
155. Z. F. Ren, Z. P. Huang, J. W. Xu, J. H. Wang: Synthesis of large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on glass, Science 282, 1105-1107 (1998) 126
156. S. Fan, M. Chapline, N. Franklin, T. Tombler, A. Cassell, H. Dai: Self-oriented regular arrays of carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties, Science 283, 512-514 (1999) 126
157. K. Hata, D. N. Futaba, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, S. Iijima: Water-assisted highly efficient synthesis of impurity-free single-waited carbon nanotubes, Science 306, 1362-1364 (2004) 127, 128
158. Y. H. Yun, V. Shanov, Y. Tu, S. Subramaniam, M. J. Schulz: Growth mechanism of long aligned multiwall carbon nanotube arrays by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 23920-23925 (2006) 127
159. Q. W. Li, X. F. Zhang, R. F. DePaula, L. X. Zheng, Y. H. Zhao, L. Stan, T. G. Holesinger, P. N. Arendt, D. E. Peterson, Y. T. T. Zhu: Sustained growth
160. H. Ago, N. Uehara, N. Yoshihara, M. Tsuji, M. Yumura, N. Tomonaga, T. Setoguchi: Gas analysis of the CVD process for high yield growth of carbon nanotubes over metal-supported catalysts, Carbon 44, 2912-2918 (2006) 127
161. S. Chakrabarti, T. Nagasaka, Y. Yoshikawa, L. J. Pan, Y. Nakayama: Growth of super long aligned brush-like carbon nanotubes, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2 45, L720-L722 (2006) 127
162. D. N. Futaba, K. Hata, T. Namai, T. Yamada, K. Mizuno, Y. Hayamizu, M. Yumura, S. Iijima: 84% Catalyst activity of water-assisted growth of single walled carbon nanotube forest characterization by a statistical and macroscopic approach, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8035-8038 (2006) 127
163. G. F. Zhong, T. Iwasaki, H. Kawarada: Semi-quantitative study on the fabrication of densely packed and vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon 44, 2009-2014 (2006) 127
164. D. N. Futaba, K. Hata, T. Yamada, K. Mizuno, M. Yumura, S. Iijima: Kinetics of water-assisted single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis revealed by a time-evolution analysis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 056104 (2005) 128, 130
165. T. Yamada, T. Namai, K. Hata, D. N. Futaba, K. Mizuno, J. Fan, M. Yudasaka, M. Yumura, S. Iijima: Size-selective growth of double-walled carbon nanotube forests from engineered iron catalysts, Nature Nanotechnol. 1, 131-136 (2006) 130, 131
166. T. Hiraoka, T. Yamada, K. Hata, D. N. Futaba, H. Kurachi, S. Uemura, M. Yumura, S. Iijima: Synthesis of single- and double-walled carbon nanotube forests on conducting metal foils, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 13338-13339 (2006) 131, 132
167. D. N. Futaba, K. Hata, T. Yamada, T. Hiraoka, Y. Hayamizu, Y. Kakudate, O. Tanaike, H. Hatori, M. Yumura, S. Iijima: Shape-engineerable and highly densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes and their application as super-capacitor electrodes, Nature Mater. 5, 987-994 (2006) 132, 133, 134
168. Y. H. Yan, M. B. Chan-Park, Q. Zhang: Advances in carbon-nanotube assembly, Small 3, 24-42 (2007) 133
169. J. Liu, M. J. Casavant, M. Cox, D. A. Walters, P. Boul, W. Lu, A. J. Rimberg, K. A. Smith, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley: Controlled deposition of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on chemically functionalized templates, Chem. Phys. Lett. 303, 125-129 (1999) 133
170. C. Klinke, J. B. Hannon, A. Afzali, P. Avouris: Field-Effect Transistors Assembled from Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes, Nano Lett. 6, 906-910 (2006) 133, 134
171. S. G. Rao, L. Huang, W. Setyawan, S. H. Hong: Large-scale assembly of carbon nanotubes, Nature 425, 36-37 (2003) 133, 135
172. Y. H. Wang, D. Maspoch, S. L. Zou, G. C. Schatz, R. E. Smalley, C. A. Mirkin: Controlling the shape, orientation, and linkage of carbon nanotube features with nano affinity templates, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103, 2026-2031 (2006) 133
173. S. Zou, D. Maspoch, Y. Wang, C. A. Mirkin, G. C. Schatz: Rings of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Molecular-Template Directed Assembly and Monte Carlo Modeling, Nano Lett. 7, 276-280 (2007) 133
174. A. L. Bassi, M. G. Beghi, C. S. Casari, C. E. Bottani, A. Podesta, P. Milani, A. Zakhidov, R. Baughman, D. A. Walters, R. E. Smalley: Inelastic light scattering from magnetically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and estimate of their two-dimensional Young's modulus, Diam. Relat. Mater. 12, 806-810 (2003) 135
175. M. J. Casavant, D. A. Walters, J. J. Schmidt, R. E. Smalley: Neat macroscopic membranes of aligned carbon nanotubes, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 2153-2156 (2003) 135
176. J. E. Fischer, W. Zhou, J. Vavro, M. C. Llaguno, C. Guthy, R. Haggenmueller, M. J. Casavant, D. E. Walters, R. E. Smalley: Magnetically aligned single wall carbon nanotube films: Preferred orientation and anisotropic transport properties, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 2157-2163 (2003) 135
177. D. A. Walters, M. J. Casavant, X. C. Qin, C. B. Huffman, P. J. Boul, L. M. Ericson, E. H. Haroz, M. J. O'Connell, K. Smith, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley: In-plane-aligned membranes of carbon nanotubes, Chem. Phys. Lett. 338, 14-20 (2001) 135
178. B. W. Smith, Z. Benes, D. E. Luzzi, J. E. Fischer, D. A. Walters, M. J. Casavant, J. Schmidt, R. E. Smalley: Structural anisotropy of magnetically aligned single wall carbon nanotube films, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 663-665 (2000) 135
179. M. D. Lay, J. P. Novak, E. S. Snow: Simple route to large-scale ordered arrays of liquid-deposited carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 4, 603-606 (2004) 135
180. J. Q. Li, Q. Zhang, N. Peng, Q. Zhu: Manipulation of carbon nanotubes using AC dielectrophoresis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 153116 (2005) 135
181. J. Tang, G. Yang, Q. Zhang, A. Parhat, B. Maynor, J. Liu, L. C. Qin, O. Zhou: Rapid and reproducible fabrication of carbon nanotube AFM probes by dielectrophoresis, Nano Lett. 5, 11-14 (2005) 135
182. J. Tang, B. Gao, H. Z. Geng, O. D. Velev, L. C. Qin, O. Zhou: Assembly of ID nanostructures into sub-micrometer diameter fibrils with controlled and variable length by dielectrophoresis, Adv. Mater. 15, 1352-1355 (2003) 135
183. R. Krupke, F. Hennrich, H. B. Weber, D. Beckmann, O. Hampe, S. Malik, M. M. Kappes, H. V. Lohneysen: Contacting single bundles of carbon nanotubes with alternating electric fields, Appl. Phys. A-Mater. 76, 397-400 (2003) 135
184. X. Li, L. Zhang, X. Wang, I. Shimoyama, X. Sun, W.-S. Seo, H. Dai: Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of densely aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes from bulk materials, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 4890-4891 (2007) 135, 136, 137
185. J. Kong, H. T. Soh, A. M. Cassell, C. F. Quate, H. J. Dai: Synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterned silicon wafers, Nature 395, 878-881 (1998) 137
186. E. Joselevich, C. M. Lieber: Vectorial growth of metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 2, 1137-1141 (2002) 137, 138
187. L. X. Benedict, S. G. Louie, M. L. Cohen: Static Polarizabilities of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B 52, 8541-8549 (1995) 137
188. Y. G. Zhang, A. L. Chang, J. Cao, Q. Wang, W. Kim, Y. M. Li, N. Morris, E. Yenilmez, J. Kong, H. J. Dai: Electric-field-directed growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3155-3157 (2001) 137, 138
189. A. Ural, Y. M. Li, H. J. Dai: Electric-field-aligned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on surfaces, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3464-3466 (2002) 137
190. A. Nojeh, A. Ural, R. F. Pease, H. J. Dai: Electric-field-directed growth of carbon nanotubes in two dimensions, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 22, 3421-3425 (2004) 139
191. A. Ismach, E. Joselevich: Orthogonal self-assembly of carbon nanotube cross-bar architectures by simultaneous graphoepitaxy and field-directed growth, Nano Lett. 6, 1706-1710 (2006) 139, 145, 147
192. S. Dittmer, J. Svensson, E. E. B. Campbell: Electric field aligned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Curr. Appl. Phys. 4, 595-598 (2004) 139
193. I. Radu, Y. Hanein, D. H. Cobden: Oriented growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes using alumina patterns, Nanotechnol. 15, 473-476 (2004) 139
194. C. Kocabas, M. A. Meitl, A. Gaur, M. Shim, J. A. Rogers: Aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes generated from random networks by orientationally selective laser ablation, Nano Lett. 4, 2421-2426 (2004) 139
195. K. H. Lee, J. M. Cho, W. Sigmund: Control of growth orientation for carbon nanotubes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 448-450 (2003) 139
196. N. Kumar, W. Curtis, J. I. Hahm: Laterally aligned, multiwalled carbon nanotube growth using Magnetospirillium magnetotacticum, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 173101 (2005) 139
197. S. M. Huang, X. Y. Cai, J. Liu: Growth of millimeter-long and horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on flat substrates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 5636-5637 (2003) 139, 140
198. S. M. Huang, Q. Fu, L. An, J. Liu: Growth of aligned SWNT arrays from water-soluble molecular clusters for nanotube device fabrication, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 1077-1079 (2004) 139
199. S. M. Huang, B. Maynor, X. Y. Cai, J. Liu: Ultralong, well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube architectures on surfaces, Adv. Mater. 15, 1651-1655 (2003) 139
200. S. M. Huang, X. Y. Cai, C. S. Du, J. Liu: Oriented long single walled carbon nanotubes on substrates from floating catalysts, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 13251-13254 (2003) 139
201. S. D. Li, Z. Yu, C. Rutherglen, P. J. Burke: Electrical properties of 0.4 cm long single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 4, 2003-2007 (2004) 141
202. Z. Yu, S. D. Li, P. J. Burke: Synthesis of aligned arrays of millimeter long, straight single-walled carbon nanotubes, Chem. Mater. 16, 3414-3416 (2004) 141
203. B. H. Hong, J. Y. Lee, T. Beetz, Y. M. Zhu, P. Kim, K. S. Kim: Quasi-continuous growth of ultralong carbon nanotube arrays, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 15336-15337 (2005) 141
204. W. W. Zhou, Z. Y. Han, J. Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Jin, X. Sun, Y. W. Zhang, C. H. Yan, Y. Li: Copper catalyzing growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on substrates, Nano Lett. 6, 2987-2990 (2006) 141
205. D. E. Hooks, T. Fritz, M. D. Ward: Epitaxy and molecular organization on solid substrates, Adv. Mater. 13, 227-241 (2001) 141
206. A. Ismach, D. Kantorovich, E. Joselevich: Carbon nanotube graphoepitaxy: Highly oriented growth by faceted nanosteps, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 11554-11555 (2005) 142, 144, 145, 146
207. M. Su, Y. Li, B. Maynor, A. Buldum, J. P. Lu, J. Liu: Lattice-oriented growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 6505-6508 (2000) 142
208. M. Tominaga, A. Ohira, A. Kubo, I. Taniguchi, M. Kunitake: Growth of carbon nanotubes on a gold(111) surface using two-dimensional iron oxide nano-particle catalysts derived from iron storage protein, Chem. Commun, pp. 1518-1519 (2004) 142
209. V. Derycke, R. Martel, M. Radosvljevic, F. M. R. Ross, P. Avouris: Catalystfree growth of ordered single-walled carbon nanotube networks, Nano Lett. 2, 1043-1046 (2002) 142
210. L. B. Ruppalt, P. M. Albrecht, J. W. Lyding: Atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscope study of single-wailed carbon nanotubes on GaAs(110), J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 22, 2005-2007 (2004) 142
211. L. B. Ruppalt, P. M. Albrecht, J. W. Lyding: UHV-STM study of single-walled carbon nanotubes applied to the GaAs(110) and InAs(110) surfaces, J. Phys. IV 132, 31-34 (2006) 142
212. A. Ismach, L. Segev, E. Wachtel, E. Joselevich: Atomic-step-templated formation of single wall carbon nanotube patterns, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 6140-6143 (2004) 142, 143, 144
213. S. Han, X. L. Liu, C. W. Zhou: Template-free directional growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a- and r-plane sapphire, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 5294-5295 (2005) 142
214. H. Ago, K. Nakamura, K. Ikeda, N. Uehara, N. Ishigami, M. Tsuji: Aligned growth of isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes programmed by atomic arrangement of substrate surface, Chem. Phys. Lett. 408, 433-438 (2005) 142
215. H. Ago, N. Uehara, K. Ikeda, R. Ohdo, K. Nakamura, M. Tsuji: Synthesis of horizontally-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes with controllable density on sapphire surface and polarized Raman spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 421, 399-403 (2006) 142
216. Q. K. Yu, G. T. Qin, H. Li, Z. H. Xia, Y. B. Nian, S. S. Pei: Mechanism of horizontally aligned growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes on R-plane sapphire, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 22676-22680 (2006) 142
217. X. L. Liu, S. Han, C. W. Zhou: Novel nanotube-on-insulator (NOI) approach toward single-walled carbon nanotube devices, Nano Lett. 6, 34-39 (2006) 143
218. M. Maret, K. Hostache, M. C. Schouler, B. Marcus, F. Roussel-Dherbey, M. Albrecht, P. Gadelle: Oriented growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a MgO(001) surface, Carbon 45, 180-187 (2007) 143
219. M. Souza, A. Jorio, C. Fantini, B. R. A. Neves, M. A. Pimenta, R. Saito, A. Ismach, E. Joselevich, V. W. Brar, G. G. Samsonidze, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus: Single- and double-resonance Raman G-band processes in carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B 69, 241403 (2004) 143
220. A. Ismach, D. Kantorovich, J. Berson, N. Geblinger, L. Segev, E. Wachtel, H. Son, A. Jorio, M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, E. Joselevich: Epitaxial Modes of Carbon Nanotube Growth on Vicinal a-Al2O3 (0001) Surfaces, unpublished 143, 144
221. C. Kocabas, S. H. Hur, A. Gaur, M. A. Meitl, M. Shim, J. A. Rogers: Guided growth of large-scale, horizontally aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nano-tubes and their use in thin-film transistors, Small 1, 1110-1116 (2005) 143
222. C. Kocabas, M. Shim, J. A. Rogers: Spatially selective guided growth of high-coverage arrays and random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes and their integration into electronic devices, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 4540-4541 (2006) 143
223. H. I. Smith, D. C. Flanders: Oriented Crystal-Growth on Amorphous Substrates Using Artificial Surface-Relief Gratings, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 349-350 (1978) 144
224. R. A. Segalman, H. Yokoyama, E. J. Kramer: Graphoepitaxy of spherical domain block copolymer films, Adv. Mater. 13, 1152-1155 (2001) 144
225. T. Rueckes, K. Kim, E. Joselevich, G. Y. Tseng, C. L. Cheung, C. M. Lieber: Carbon nanotube-based nonvolatile random access memory for molecular computing, Science 289, 94-97 (2000) 145
226. A. Javey, H. J. Dai: Regular arrays of 2 nm metal nanoparticles for deterministic synthesis of nanomaterials, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 11942-11943 (2005) 147, 148
227. S. Helveg, C. Lopez-Cartes, J. Sehested, P. L. Hansen, B. S. Clausen, J. R. Rostrup-Nielsen, F. Abild-Pedersen, J. K. Norskov: Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth, Nature 427, 426-429 (2004) 148