Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth

Nature

Volumn 427, Issue 6973, 2004, Pages 426-429

  Helveg, Stig ^a   López Cartes, Carlos ^a,b   Sehested, Jens ^a   Hansen, Poul L ^a   Clausen, Bjerne S ^a   Rostrup Nielsen, Jens R ^a   Abild Pedersen, Frank ^a   Nørskov, Jens K ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA DE MATERIALES DE SEVILLA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSTS; DECOMPOSITION; FIBERS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SYNTHESIS GAS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

CARBON NANOFIBERS; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY (DFT);

CARBON NANOTUBES;

NANOFIBER;

CARBON;

ARTICLE; ATOM; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYNTHESIS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

EID: 0842285843     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature02278     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Baughman, R. H., Zakhidov, A. A. & de Heer, W. A. Carbon nanotubes-the route towards applications. Science 297, 787-792 (2002).
2. Ajayan, P. M. Nanotubes from carbon. Chem. Rev. 99, 1787-1799 (1999).
3. 2 reforming. Adv. Catal. 47, 65-138 (2002).
4. Ebbesen, T. W. & Ajayan, P. M. Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Nature 338, 220-222 (1992).
5. Thess, A. et al. Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes. Science 273, 483-487 (1996).
6. Kong, J., Soh, H. T., Cassell, A. M., Quate, C. F. & Dai, H. Synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterned silicon wafers. Nature 395, 878-881 (1998).
7. Boskovic, B. O. et al. Large-area synthesis of carbon nanofibres at room temperature. Nature Mater. 1, 165-168 (2002).
8. Baker, R. T. K., Harris, P. S., Thomas, R. B. & Waite, R. J. Nucleation and growth of carbon deposits from the nickel catalyzed decomposition of acetylene. J. Catal. 26, 51-62 (1972).
9. Rostrup-Nielsen, J. R. Equilibria of decomposition reactions of carbon monoxide and methane over nickel catalysts. J. Catal. 27, 343-356 (1972).
10. Charlier, J.-C. & Iijima, S. in Growth Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotubes (eds Dresselhaus, M. S., Dresselhaus, G. & Avouris, Ph.) Vol. 80, Topics in Applied Physics 55-80 (Springer, Heidelberg, 2001).
11. Clausen, B. S., Topsøe, H. & Frahm, R. Application of combined X-ray diffraction and absorption techniques for in situ catalyst characterisation. Adv. Catal. 42, 315-344 (1998).
12. Topsøe, H. In situ characterisation of catalysts. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 130, 1-21 (2000).
13. Hansen, P. L. et al. Atom-resolved imaging of dynamic shape changes in supported copper nanocrystals. Science 295, 2053-2055 (2002).
14. Jones, R. O. & Gunnarsson, O. The density functional formalism, its applications and prospects. Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 689-746 (1989).
15. Rosei, R. et al. Structure of graphitic carbon on Ni(111): A surface extended-energy-loss fine-structure study. Phys. Rev. B 28, 1161-1164 (1983).
16. Hammer, B., Hansen, L. B. & Nørskov, J. K. Improved adsorption energetics within density-functional theory using revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functionals. Phys. Rev. B 59, 7413-7421 (1999).
17. Bengaard, H. S. et al. Steam reforming and graphite formation in Ni catalysts. J. Catal. 209, 365-384 (2002).
18. Trimm, D. L. The formation and removal of coke from nickel catalyst. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 16, 155-189 (1977).
19. Alstrup, I. A new model explaining carbon filament growth on nickel, iron and Ni-Cu alloy catalysts. J. Catal. 109, 241-251 (1988).
20. Rostrup-Nielsen, J. R. & Trimm, D. L. Mechanisms of carbon formation on nickel-containing catalysts. J. Catal. 48, 155-165 (1977).
21. De Jong, K. P. & Geus, J. W. Carbon nanofibers: catalytic synthesis and applications. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 42, 481-510 (2000).
22. Askeland, D. R. The Science and Engineering of Materials 2nd edn, Ch. 5 (PWS-KENT, Boston, 1989)
23. Nørskov, J. K. et al. Universality in heterogeneous catalysis. J. Catal. 209, 275-278 (2002).
24. Da Silva, J. L. F., Stampfl, C. & Scheffler, M. Adsorption of Xe atoms on metal surfaces: new insights from first-principles calculations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 066104 (2003).
25. Vanderbilt, D. H. Soft self-consistent pseudopotentials in a generalized eigenvalue formalism. Phys. Rev. B 41, 7892-7895 (1990).
26. Kresse, G. & Forthmüller, J. Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set. Comput. Mater. Sci. 6, 15-50 (1996).