Key role of splenic myeloid DCs in the IFN-αβ response to adenoviruses in Vivo

PLoS Pathogens

Volumn 4, Issue 11, 2008, Pages

  Fejer, György ^a   Drechsel, Lisa ^a   Liese, Jan ^b   Schleicher, Ulrike ^c   Ruzsics, Zsolt ^d   Imelli, Nicola ^e   Greber, Urs F ^e   Keck, Simone ^a   Hildenbrand, Bernd ^f   Krug, Anne ^g   Bogdan, Christian ^c   Freudenberg, Marina A ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND EPIGENETICS   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ERLANGEN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^f TUMOR BIOLOGY CENTER   (Germany)

^g TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,4 DIAMINO 1,4 BIS(2 AMINOPHENYLTHIO) 2,3 DICYANOBUTADIENE; 4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2 (4 METHYLSULFINYLPHENYL) 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZOLE; ALPHA BETA INTERFERON; ANTHRA[1,9 CD]PYRAZOL 6(2H) ONE; DNA; INTERFERON; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 3; INTERLEUKIN 6; RNA; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE;

ADENOVIRUS; ADENOVIRUS INFECTION; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BONE MARROW CELL; CELL FUNCTION; CELL SELECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOSOL; DENDRITIC CELL; EMBRYO CELL; ENDOSOME; FIBROBLAST; FLUORESCENCE ACTIVATED CELL SORTING; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IN VIVO STUDY; INTERFERON PRODUCTION; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MACROPHAGE; MEDIATOR; MICROFLORA; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; MOUSE; MUTANT; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PATHOGENESIS; PLASMA CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPLEEN CELL; TOXICOLOGY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VIRUS INACTIVATION; VIRUS INDUCTION; VIRUS STRAIN; WILD TYPE; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; GENETICS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; MOUSE STRAIN; SPLEEN; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; UPREGULATION;

ADENOVIRIDAE; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS; MUS;

ADENOVIRIDAE; ANIMALS; DENDRITIC CELLS; ENDOSOMES; HUMANS; INTERFERON TYPE I; INTERLEUKIN-6; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; MICE; MICE, INBRED STRAINS; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; RNA, MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPLEEN; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; UP-REGULATION;

EID: 57149109329     PISSN: 15537366     EISSN: 15537374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000208     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Kojaoghlanian T, Flomenberg P, Horwitz MS (2003) The impact of adenovirus infection on the immunocompromised host. Rev Med Virol 13: 155-171.
2. Roelvink PW, Lizonova A, Lee JG, Li Y, Bergelson JM, et al. (1998) The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor protein can function as a cellular attachment protein for adenovirus serotypes from subgroups A, C, D, E, and F. J Virol 72: 7909-7915.
3. Shenk T (1996) Adenoviridae: The viruses and their replication; BN Fields DMK, PM Howley, eds. New York: Raven Press. pp 979-1016.
4. Ginsberg HS, Moldawer LL, Sehgal PB, Redington M, Kilian PL, et al. (1991) A mouse model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of adenovirus pneumonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1651-1655.
5. Greber UF, Webster P, Weber J, Helenius A (1996) The role of the adenovirus protease on virus entry into cells. Embo J 15: 1766-1777.
6. Muruve DA (2004) The innate immune response to adenovirus vectors. Hum Gene Ther 15: 1157-1166.
7. Raper SE, Chirmule N, Lee FS, Wivel NA, Bagg A, et al. (2003) Fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient following adenoviral gene transfer. Mol Genet Metab 80: 148-158.
8. Mistchenko AS, Diez RA, Mariani AL, Robaldo J, Maffey AF, et al. (1994) Cytokines in adenoviral disease in children: association of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels with clinical outcome. J Pediatr 124: 714-720.
9. Shayakhmetov DM, Li ZY, Ni S, Lieber A (2005) Interference with the IL-1-signaling pathway improves the toxicity profile of systemically applied adenovirus vectors. J Immunol 174: 7310-7319.
10. Zhu J, Huang X, Yang Y (2007) Innate immune response to adenoviral vectors is mediated by both Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. J Virol 81: 3170-3180.
11. Pestka S, Krause CD, Walter MR (2004) Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev 202: 8-32.
12. Garcia-Sastre A, Biron CA (2006) Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in detente. Science 312: 879-882.
13. Honda K, Takaoka A, Taniguchi T (2006) Type I interferon [corrected] gene induction by the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. Immunity 25: 349-360.
14. Stetson DB, Medzhitov R (2006) Type I interferons in host defense. Immunity 25: 373-381.
15. Ishii KJ, Akira S (2006) Innate immune recognition of, and regulation by, DNA. Trends Immunol 27: 525-532.
16. Kurt-Jones EA, Popova L, Kwinn L, Haynes LM, Jones LP, et al. (2000) Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Immunol 1: 398-401.
17. Jude BA, Pobezinskaya Y, Bishop J, Parke S, Medzhitov RM, et al. (2003) Subversion of the innate immune system by a retrovirus. Nat Immunol 4: 573-578.
18. Jiang Z, Georgel P, Du X, Shamel L, Sovath S, et al. (2005) CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling. Nat Immunol 6: 565-570.
19. Liu YJ (2005) IPC: professional type 1 interferon-producing cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Annu Rev Immunol 23: 275-306.
20. Asselin-Paturel C, Trinchieri G (2005) Production of type I interferons: plasmacytoid dendritic cells and beyond. J Exp Med 202: 461-465.
21. Colonna M, Trinchieri G, Liu YJ (2004) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immunity. Nat Immunol 5: 1219-1226.
22. Sun Q, Sun L, Liu HH, Chen X, Seth RB, et al. (2006) The specific and essential role of MAVS in antiviral innate immune responses. Immunity 24: 633-642.
23. Kato H, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, et al. (2005) Cell type-specific involvement of RIG-I in antiviral response. Immunity 23: 19-28.
24. Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Matsumoto K, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, et al. (2005) Shared and unique functions of the DExD/H-box helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in antiviral innate immunity. J Immunol 175: 2851-2858.
25. Gitlin L, Barchet W, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Beutler B, et al. (2006) Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 8459-8464.
26. Pichlmair A, Schulz O, Tan CP, Naslund TI, Liljestrom P, et al. (2006) RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5′-phosphates. Science 314: 997-1001.
27. Hornung V, Schlender J, Guenthner-Biller M, Rothenfusser S, Endres S, et al. (2004) Replication-dependent potent IFN-alpha induction in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by a single-stranded RNA virus. J Immunol 173: 5935-5943.
28. Hornung V, Ellegast J, Kim S, Brzozka K, Jung A, et al. (2006) 5′-Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I. Science 314: 994-997.
29. Honda K, Yanai H, Negishi H, Asagiri M, Sato M, et al. (2005) IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses. Nature 434: 772-777.
30. Sato M, Suemori H, Hata N, Asagiri M, Ogasawara K, et al. (2000) Distinct and essential roles of transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in response to viruses for IFN-alpha/beta gene induction. Immunity 13: 539-548.
31. Erlandsson L, Blumenthal R, Eloranta ML, Engel H, Alm G, et al. (1998) Interferon-beta is required for interferon-alpha production in mouse fibroblasts. Curr Biol 8: 223-226.
32. Diebold SS, Montoya M, Unger H, Alexopoulou L, Roy P, et al. (2003) Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers. Nature 424: 324-328.
33. Hochrein H, Schlatter B, O'Keeffe M, Wagner C, Schmitz F, et al. (2004) Herpes simplex virus type-1 induces IFN-alpha production via Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 11416-11421.
34. Stockinger S, Reutterer B, Schaljo B, Schellack C, Brunner S, et al. (2004) IFN regulatory factor 3-dependent induction of type I IFNs by intracellular bacteria is mediated by a TLR- and Nod2-independent mechanism. J Immunol 173: 7416-7425.
35. O'Connell RM, Saha SK, Vaidya SA, Bruhn KW, Miranda GA, et al. (2004) Type I interferon production enhances susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Exp Med 200: 437-445.
36. Stetson DB, Medzhitov R (2006) Recognition of cytosolic DNA activates an IRF-3-dependent innate immune response. Immunity 24: 93-103.
37. Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, et al. (2006) A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA. Nat Immunol 7: 40-48.
38. Leber JH, Crimmins GT, Raghavan S, Meyer-Morse NP, Cox JS, et al. (2008) Distinct TLR- and NLR-mediated transcriptional responses to an intracellular pathogen. PLoS Pathog 4: e6. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0040006.
39. Takaoka A, Wang Z, Choi MK, Yanai H, Negishi H, et al. (2007) DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response. Nature 448: 501-505.
40. Wang Z, Choi MK, Ban T, Yanai H, Negishi H, et al. (2008) Regulation of innate immune responses by DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) and other DNA-sensing molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 5477-5482.
41. Ishii KJ, Kawagoe T, Koyama S, Matsui K, Kumar H, et al. (2008) TANK-binding kinase-1 delineates innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. Nature 451: 725-729.
42. Huarte E, Larrea E, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Alfaro C, Murillo O, et al. (2006) Recombinant adenoviral vectors turn on the type I interferon system without inhibition of transgene expression and viral replication. Mol Ther 14: 129-138.
43. Juang YT, Lowther W, Kellum M, Au WC, Lin R, et al. (1998) Primary activation of interferon A and interferon B gene transcription by interferon regulatory factor 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 9837-9842.
44. Russell WC, Valentine RC, Pereira HG (1967) The effect of heat on the anatomy of the adenovirus. J Gen Virol 1: 509-522.
45. Basner-Tschakarjan E, Gaffal E, O'Keeffe M, Tormo D, Limmer A, et al. (2006) Adenovirus efficiently transduces plasmacytoid dendritic cells resulting in TLR9-dependent maturation and IFN-alpha production. J Gene Med 8: 1300-1306.
46. Iacobelli-Martinez M, Nemerow GR (2007) Preferential activation of Toll-like receptor nine by CD46-utilizing adenoviruses. J Virol 81: 1305-1312.
47. Mittal SK, McDermott MR, Johnson DC, Prevec L, Graham FL (1993) Monitoring foreign gene expression by a human adenovirus-based vector using the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter. Virus Res 28: 67-90.
48. Fejer G, Gyory I, Tufariello J, Horwitz MS (1994) Characterization of transgenic mice containing adenovirus early region 3 genomic DNA. J Virol 68: 5871-5881.
49. Morelli AE, Larregina AT, Ganster RW, Zahorchak AF, Plowey JM, et al. (2000) Recombinant adenovirus induces maturation of dendritic cells via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. J Virol 74: 9617-9628.
50. Asselin-Paturel C, Brizard G, Pin JJ, Briere F, Trinchieri G (2003) Mouse strain differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell frequency and function revealed by a novel monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 171: 6466-6477.
51. Huleatt JW, Lefrancois L (1995) Antigen-driven induction of CD11c on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in vivo. J Immunol 154: 5684-5693.
52. Miller LJ, Schwarting R, Springer TA (1986) Regulated expression of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family during leukocyte differentiation. J Immunol 137: 2891-2900.
53. Blasius AL, Barchet W, Cella M, Colonna M (2007) Development and function of murine B220+CD11c+NK1.1+ cells identify them as a subset of NK cells. J Exp Med 204: 2561-2568.
54. Jung S, Unutmaz D, Wong P, Sano G, De los Santos K, et al. (2002) In vivo depletion of CD11c(+) dendritic cells abrogates priming of CD8(+) T cells by exogenous cell-associated antigens. Immunity 17: 211-220.
55. Schleicher U, Liese J, Knippertz I, Kurzmann C, Hesse A, et al. (2007) NK cell activation in visceral leishmaniasis requires TLR9, myeloid DCs, and IL-12, but is independent of plasmacytoid DCs. J Exp Med 204: 893-906.
56. Lucas M, Schachterle W, Oberle K, Aichele P, Diefenbach A (2007) Dendritic Cells Prime Natural Killer Cells by trans-Presenting Interleukin 15. Immunity 26: 503-517.
57. Krug A, French AR, Barchet W, Fischer JA, Dzionek A, et al. (2004) TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function. Immunity 21: 107-119.
58. Krug A, Luker GD, Barchet W, Leib DA, Akira S, et al. (2004) Herpes simplex virus type 1 activates murine natural interferon-producing cells through toll-like receptor 9. Blood 103: 1433-1437.
59. Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, Medzhitov R, Iwasaki A (2003) Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Exp Med 198: 513-520.
60. Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis e Sousa C (2004) Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 303: 1529-1531.
61. Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA (2001) Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413: 732-738.
62. Shahbazian MD, Grunstein M (2007) Functions of site-specific histone acetylation and deacetylation. Annu Rev Biochem 76: 75-100.
63. Nociari M, Ocheretina O, Schoggins JW, Falck-Pedersen E (2007) Sensing infection by adenovirus: Toll-like receptor-independent viral DNA recognition signals activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 master regulator. J Virol 81: 4145-4157.
64. Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, Shinobu N, Imaizumi T, et al. (2004) The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses. Nat Immunol 5: 730-737.
65. Suomalainen M, Nakano MY, Boucke K, Keller S, Greber UF (2001) Adenovirus-activated PKA and p38/MAPK pathways boost microtubule-mediated nuclear targeting of virus. Embo J 20: 1310-1319.
66. Tibbles LA, Spurrell JC, Bowen GP, Liu Q, Lam M, et al. (2002) Activation of p38 and ERK signaling during adenovirus vector cell entry lead to expression of the C-X-C chemokine IP-10. J Virol 76: 1559-1568.
67. Tamanini A, Nicolis E, Bonizzato A, Bezzerri V, Melotti P, et al. (2006) Interaction of adenovirus type 5 fiber with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor activates inflammatory response in human respiratory cells. J Virol 80: 11241-11254.
68. Bruder JT, Kovesdi I (1997) Adenovirus infection stimulates the Raf/MAPK signaling pathway and induces interleukin-8 expression. J Virol 71: 398-404.
69. Cotten M, Weber JM (1995) The adenovirus protease is required for virus entry into host cells. Virology 213: 494-502.
70. Miyazawa N, Crystal RG, Leopold PL (2001) Adenovirus serotype 7 retention in a late endosomal compartment prior to cytosol escape is modulated by fiber protein. J Virol 75: 1387-1400.
71. Amstutz B, Gastaldelli M, Kalin S, Imelli N, Boucke K, et al. (2008) Subversion of CtBP1-controlled macropinocytosis by human adenovirus serotype 3. Embo J 27: 956-969.
72. Fejer G, Szalay K, Gyory I, Fejes M, Kusz E, et al. (2005) Adenovirus infection dramatically augments lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production and sensitizes to lethal shock. J Immunol 175: 1498-1506.
73. Frey T, De Maio A (2007) Increased expression of CD14 in macrophages after inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway by lovastatin. Mol Med 13: 592-604.
74. Kalis C, Kanzler B, Lembo A, Poltorak A, Galanos C, et al. (2003) Toll-like receptor 4 expression levels determine the degree of LPS-susceptibility in mice. Eur J Immunol 33: 798-805.
75. Dalod M, Hamilton T, Salomon R, Salazar-Mather TP, Henry SC, et al. (2003) Dendritic cell responses to early murine cytomegalovirus infection: subset functional specialization and differential regulation by interferon alpha/beta. J Exp Med 197: 885-898.
76. Barchet W, Cella M, Odermatt B, Asselin-Paturel C, Colonna M, et al. (2002) Virus-induced interferon alpha production by a dendritic cell subset in the absence of feedback signaling in vivo. J Exp Med 195: 507-516.
77. Cervantes-Barragan L, Zust R, Weber F, Spiegel M, Lang KS, et al. (2007) Control of coronavirus infection through plasmacytoid dendritic-cell-derived type I interferon. Blood 109: 1131-1137.
78. Waibler Z, Anzaghe M, Ludwig H, Akira S, Weiss S, et al. (2007) Modified vaccinia virus Ankara induces Toll-like receptor independent type I interferon responses. J Virol.
79. Dalod M, Salazar-Mather TP, Malmgaard L, Lewis C, Asselin-Paturel C, et al. (2002) Interferon alpha/beta and interleukin 12 responses to viral infections: pathways regulating dendritic cell cytokine expression in vivo. J Exp Med 195: 517-528.
80. Prakash A, Smith E, Lee CK, Levy DE (2005) Tissue-specific positive feedback requirements for production of type I interferon following virus infection. J Biol Chem 280: 18651-18657.
81. Blasius AL, Giurisato E, Cella M, Schreiber RD, Shaw AS, et al. (2006) Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is a specific marker of type I IFN-producing cells in the naive mouse, but a promiscuous cell surface antigen following IFN stimulation. J Immunol 177: 3260-3265.
82. Honda K, Ohba Y, Yanai H, Negishi H, Mizutani T, et al. (2005) Spatiotemporal regulation of MyD88-IRF-7 signalling for robust type-I interferon induction. Nature 434: 1035-1040.
83. Mangel WF, McGrath WJ, Toledo DL, Anderson CW (1993) Viral DNA and a viral peptide can act as cofactors of adenovirus virion proteinase activity. Nature 361: 274-275.
84. Cheng G, Zhong J, Chung J, Chisari FV (2007) Double-stranded DNA and double-stranded RNA induce a common antiviral signaling pathway in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 9035-9040.
85. Kumar H, Kawai T, Kato H, Sato S, Takahashi K, et al. (2006) Essential role of IPS-1 in innate immune responses against RNA viruses. J Exp Med 203: 1795-1803.
86. Look DC, Roswit WT, Frick AG, Gris-Alevy Y, Dickhaus DM, et al. (1998) Direct suppression of Stat1 function during adenoviral infection. Immunity 9: 871-880.
87. Thomas KE, Galligan CL, Newman RD, Fish EN, Vogel SN (2006) Contribution of interferon-beta to the murine macrophage response to the toll-like receptor 4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 281: 31119-31130.
88. Freudenberg MA, Kalis C, Chvatchko Y, Merlin T, Gumenscheimer M, et al. (2003) Role of interferons in LPS hypersensitivity. J Endotoxin Res 9: 308-312.
89. Lore K, Adams WC, Havenga MJ, Precopio ML, Holterman L, et al. (2007) Myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are susceptible to recombinant adenovirus vectors and stimulate polyfunctional memory T cell responses. J Immunol 179: 1721-1729.
90. Urosevic M, Fujii K, Calmels B, Laine E, Kobert N, et al. (2007) Type I IFN innate immune response to adenovirus-mediated IFN-gamma gene transfer contributes to the regression of cutaneous lymphomas. J Clin Invest 117: 2834-2846.
91. Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Tsutsui H, et al. (1998) Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity 9: 143-150.
92. Hoebe K, Du X, Georgel P, Janssen E, Tabeta K, et al. (2003) Identification of Lps2 as a key transducer of MyD88-independent TIR signalling. Nature 424: 743-748.
93. Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, et al. (2000) A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408: 740-745.
94. Tabeta K, Hoebe K, Janssen EM, Du X, Georgel P, et al. (2006) The Unc93b1 mutation 3d disrupts exogenous antigen presentation and signaling via Toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 9. Nat Immunol 7: 156-164.
95. Lembo A, Kalis C, Kirschning CJ, Mitolo V, Jirillo E, et al. (2003) Differential contribution of Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 to the cytokine response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Infect Immun 71: 6058-6062.
96. Muller U, Steinhoff U, Reis LF, Hemmi S, Pavlovic J, et al. (1994) Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense. Science 264: 1918-1921.
97. Lutz MB, Kukutsch N, Ogilvie AL, Rossner S, Koch F, et al. (1999) An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. J Immunol Methods 223: 77-92.
98. Hildenbrand B, Sauer B, Kalis O, Stoll C, Freudenberg MA, et al. (2007) Immunotherapy of patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma pretreated with interferon-gamma and vaccinated with autologous PSA-peptide loaded dendritic cells-a pilot study. Prostate 67: 500-508.
99. Strahle L, Marq JB, Brini A, Hausmann S, Kolakofsky D, et al. (2007) Activation of the beta interferon promoter by unnatural Sendai virus infection requires RIG-I and is inhibited by viral C proteins. J Virol 81: 12227-12237.
100. Matikainen S, Siren J, Tissari J, Veckman V, Pirhonen J, et al. (2006) Tumor necrosis factor alpha enhances influenza A virus-induced expression of antiviral cytokines by activating RIG-I gene expression. J Virol 80: 3515-3522.
101. Jaitin DA, Roisman LC, Jaks E, Gavutis M, Piehler J, et al. (2006) Inquiring into the differential action of interferons (IFNs): an IFN-alpha2 mutant with enhanced affinity to IFNAR1 is functionally similar to IFN-beta. Mol Cell Biol 26: 1888-1897.
102. Malmgaard L, Salazar-Mather TP, Lewis CA, Biron CA (2002) Promotion of alpha/beta interferon induction during in vivo viral infection through alpha/beta interferon receptor/STAT1 system-dependent and -independent pathways. J Virol 76: 4520-4525.
103. Gautier G, Humbert M, Deauvieau F, Scuiller M, Hiscott J, et al. (2005) A type I interferon autocrine-paracrine loop is involved in Toll-like receptor-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion by dendritic cells. J Exp Med 201: 1435-1446.
104. Fejer G, Koroknai A, Banati F, Gyory I, Salamon D, et al. (2008) Latency type-specific distribution of epigenetic marks at the alternative promoters Cp and Qp of Epstein-Barr virus. J Gen Virol 89: 1364-1370.
105. Nakano MY, Boucke K, Suomalainen M, Stidwill RP, Greber UF (2000) The first step of adenovirus type 2 disassembly occurs at the cell surface, independently of endocytosis and escape to the cytosol. J Virol 74: 7085-7095.