The role of neutrophils and monocytes in innate immunity

Contributions to Microbiology

Volumn 15, Issue , 2008, Pages 118-146

  Kantari, C ^a   Pederzoli Ribeil, M ^b   Witko Sarsat, V ^a  

^a HÔPITAL NECKER ENFANTS MALADES   (France)

^b QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL; APOPTOSIS; CELL ADHESION; CELL MOTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGE; MONOCYTE; NEUTROPHIL; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CELL ADHESION; CELL MOVEMENT; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGES; MONOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 49449108952     PISSN: 14209519     EISSN: 1662291X     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1159/000136335     Document Type: Review

References (204)

1. Serhan CN, Savill J: Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end. Nat Immunol 2005;6:1191-1197.
2. Nathan C: Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol 2006;6:173-182.
3. Witko-Sarsat V, Rieu P, Descamps-Latscha B, Lesavre P, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L: Neutrophils: molecules, functions and pathophysiological aspects. Lab Invest 2000;80:617-653.
4. Gordon S: Monocyte an macrophage heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5:953-964.
5. Greenberg S, Grinstein S: Phagocytosis and innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2002;14:136-145.
6. Savill J, Dransfield I, Gregory C, Haslett C: A blast from the past: clearance of apoptotic cells regulates immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:965-975.
7. Lawrence T, Gilroy DW: Chronic inflammation: a failure of resolution? Int J Exp Pathol 2007;88:85-94.
8. Matzinger P: The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 2002;296:301-305.
9. Nauseef WM: How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view. Immunol Rev 2007;219:88-102.
10. Imhof BA, Aurrand-Lions M: Adhesion mechanisms regulating the migration of monocytes. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4:432-444.
11. Ogawa M: Differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 1993;81:2844-2853.
12. Borregaard N: Development of neutrophil granule diversity. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997;832:62-68.
13. Witko-Sarsat V, Cramer EM, Hieblot C, et al: Presence of proteinase 3 in secretory vesicles: evidence of a novel, highly mobilizable intracellular pool distinct from azurophil granules. Blood 1999;94:2487-2496.
14. Kantari C, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Amir-Moazami O, et al: Proteinase 3, the Wegener autoantigen, is externalized during neutrophil apoptosis: evidence for a functional association with phospholipid scramblase 1 and interference with macrophage phagocytosis. Blood 2007.
15. Sengelov H, Kjeldsen L, Borregaard N: Control of exocytosis in early neutrophil activation. J Immunol 1993;150:1535-1543.
16. Taylor PR, Martinez-Pomares L, Stacey M, Lin HH, Brown GD, Gordon S: Macrophage receptors and immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 2005;23:901-944.
17. Geissmann F: The origin of dendritic cells. Nat Immunol 2007;8:558-560.
18. Geissmann F, Jung S, Littman DR: Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties. Immunity 2003;19:71-82.
19. Bannenberg GL, Chiang N, Ariel A, et al: Molecular circuits of resolution: formation and actions of resolvins and protectins. J Immunol 2005;174:4345-4355.
20. Hurst SM, Wilkinson TS, McLoughlin RM, et al: Il-6 and its soluble receptor orchestrate a temporal switch in the pattern of leukocyte recruitment seen during acute inflammation. Immunity 2001;14:705-714.
21. McLoughlin RM, Witowski J, Robson RL, et al: Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation. J Clin Invest 2003;112:598-607.
22. Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, Nourshargh S: Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol 2007;7:678-689.
23. Steinman RM: The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 1991;9:271-296.
24. Warren MK, Vogel SN: Bone marrow-derived macrophages: development and regulation of differentiation markers by colony-stimulating factor and interferons. J Immunol 1985;134:982-989.
25. Zhou LJ, Tedder TF: CD14+ blood monocytes can differentiate into functionally mature CD83+ dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:2588-2592.
26. McEver RP, Cummings RD: Role of PSGL-1 binding to selectins in leukocyte recruitment. J Clin Invest 1997;100:S97-S103.
27. Lawrence MB, Springer TA: Neutrophils roll on Eselectin. J Immunol 1993;151:6338-6346.
28. Patel KD, Nollert MU, McEver RP: P-selectin must extend a sufficient length from the plasma membrane to mediate rolling of neutrophils. J Cell Biol 1995;131:1893-1902.
29. Hidalgo A, Peired AJ, Wild MK, Vestweber D, Frenette PS: Complete identification of E-selectin ligands on neutrophils reveals distinct functions of PSGL-1, ESL-1, and CD44. Immunity 2007;26:477-489.
30. Doyle NA, Bhagwan SD, Meek BB, et al: Neutrophil margination, sequestration, and emigration in the lungs of L-selectin-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 1997;99:526-533.
31. Steeber DA, Campbell MA, Basit A, Ley K, Tedder TF: Optimal selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes during inflammation in vivo requires intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:7562-7567.
32. Jung U, Ramos CL, Bullard DC, Ley K: Gene-targeted mice reveal importance of L-selectin-dependent rolling for neutrophil adhesion. Am J Physiol 1998;274:H1785-H1791.
33. Dunne JL, Ballantyne CM, Beaudet AL, Ley K: Control of leukocyte rolling velocity in TNF-alpha-induced inflammation by LFA-1 and Mac-1. Blood 2002;99:336-341.
34. Chan JR, Hyduk SJ, Cybulsky MI: Chemoattractants induce a rapid and transient upregulation of monocyte alpha4 integrin affinity for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 which mediates arrest: an early step in the process of emigration. J Exp Med 2001;193:1149-1158.
35. Huo Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ley K: Role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin connecting segment-1 in monocyte rolling and adhesion on early atherosclerotic lesions. Circ Res 2000;87:153-159.
36. Auffray C, Fogg D, Garfa M, et al: Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior. Science 2007;317:666-670.
37. Spillmann D, Witt D, Lindahl U: Defining the interleukin-8-binding domain of heparan sulfate. J Biol Chem 1998;273:15487-15493.
38. Halden Y, Rek A, Atzenhofer W, Szilak L, Wabnig A, Kungl AJ: Interleukin-8 binds to syndecan-2 on human endothelial cells. Biochem J 2004;377:533-538.
39. Premack BA, Schall TJ: Chemokine receptors: gateways to inflammation and infection. Nat Med 1996;2:1174-1178.
40. Folkesson HG, Matthay MA, Hebert CA, Broaddus VC: Acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rabbits is mediated by interleukin-8-dependent mechanisms. J Clin Invest 1995;96:107-116.
41. Matsumoto T, Yokoi K, Mukaida N, et al: Pivotal role of interleukin-8 in the acute respiratory distress syndrome and cerebral reperfusion injury. J Leukoc Biol 1997;62:581-587.
42. Utgaard JO, Jahnsen FL, Bakka A, Brandtzaeg P, Haraldsen G: Rapid secretion of prestored interleukin 8 from Weibel-Palade bodies of microvascular endothelial cells. J Exp Med 1998;188:1751-1756.
43. Campbell JJ, Qin S, Bacon KB, Mackay CR, Butcher EC: Biology of chemokine and classical chemoattractant receptors: differential requirements for adhesion-triggering versus chemotactic responses in lymphoid cells. J Cell Biol 1996;134:255-266.
44. Campbell JJ, Bowman EP, Murphy K, et al: 6-C-kine (SLC), a lymphocyte adhesion-triggering chemokine expressed by high endothelium, is an agonist for the MIP-3beta receptor CCR7. J Cell Biol 1998;141:1053-1059.
45. Rose DM, Alon R, Ginsberg MH: Integrin modulation and signaling in leukocyte adhesion and migration. Immunol Rev 2007;218:126-134.
46. Chigaev A, Zwartz G, Graves SW, et al: Alpha4beta1 integrin affinity changes govern cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2003;278:38174-38182.
47. Kinashi T: Intracellular signalling controlling integrin activation in lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5:546-559.
48. Shattil SJ: Integrins and Src: dynamic duo of adhesion signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2005;15:399-403.
49. Wehrle-Haller B, Imhof B: The inner lives of focal adhesions. Trends Cell Biol 2002;12:382-389.
50. Ridley AJ, Schwartz MA, Burridge K, et al: Cell migration: integrating signals from front to back. Science 2003;302:1704-1709.
51. Schenkel AR, Chew TW, Muller WA: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule deficiency or blockade significantly reduces leukocyte emigration in a majority of mouse strains. J Immunol 2004;173:6403-6408.
52. Phillipson M, Heit B, Colarusso P, Liu L, Ballantyne CM, Kubes P: Intraluminal crawling of neutrophils to emigration sites: a molecularly distinct process from adhesion in the recruitment cascade. J Exp Med 2006;203:2569-2575.
53. Johnson-Leger C, Aurrand-Lions M, Imhof BA: The parting of the endothelium: miracle, or simply a junctional affair? J Cell Sci 2000;113:921-933.
54. Luscinskas FW, Ma S, Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Shaw SK: The role of endothelial cell lateral junctions during leukocyte trafficking. Immunol Rev 2002;186:57-67.
55. Ostermann G, Weber KS, Zernecke A, Schroder A, Weber C: JAM-1 is a ligand of the beta(2) integrin LFA-1 involved in transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Nat Immunol 2002;3:151-158.
56. Martin-Padura I, Lostaglio S, Schneemann M, et al: Junctional adhesion molecule, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions and modulates monocyte transmigration. J Cell Biol 1998;142:117-127.
57. Muller WA: Leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response. Trends Immunol 2003;24:327-334.
58. Wong CW, Wiedle G, Ballestrem C, et al: PECAM-1/CD31 trans-homophilic binding at the intercellular junctions is independent of its cytoplasmic domain; evidence for heterophilic interaction with integrin alphavbeta3 in Cis. Mol Biol Cell 2000;11:3109-3121.
59. Duncan GS, Andrew DP, Takimoto H, et al: Genetic evidence for functional redundancy of Platelet/Endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1): CD31-deficient mice reveal PECAM-1-dependent and PECAM-1-independent functions. J Immunol 1999;162:3022-3030.
60. Schenkel AR, Mamdouh Z, Chen X, Liebman RM, Muller WA: CD99 plays a major role in the migration of monocytes through endothelial junctions. Nat Immunol 2002;3:143-150.
61. Lou J, Gasche Y, Zheng L, et al: Interferon-beta inhibits activated leukocyte migration through human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayer. Lab Invest 1999;79:1015-1025.
62. Huang MT, Larbi KY, Scheiermann C, et al: ICAM-2 mediates neutrophil transmigration in vivo: evidence for stimulus specificity and a role in PECAM-1-independent transmigration. Blood 2006;107:4721-4727.
63. Engelhardt B, Wolburg H: Mini-review: Transendothelial migration of leukocytes: through the front door or around the side of the house? Eur J Immunol 2004;34:2955-2963.
64. Cinamon G, Shinder V, Shamri R, Alon R: Chemoattractant signals and beta 2 integrin occupancy at apical endothelial contacts combine with shear stress signals to promote transendothelial neutrophil migration. J Immunol 2004;173:7282-7291.
65. Carman CV, Springer TA: A transmigratory cup in leukocyte diapedesis both through individual vascular endothelial cells and between them. J Cell Biol 2004;167:377-388.
66. Millan J, Hewlett L, Glyn M, Toomre D, Clark P, Ridley AJ: Lymphocyte transcellular migration occurs through recruitment of endothelial ICAM-1 to caveola- and F-actin-rich domains. Nat Cell Biol 2006;8:113-123.
67. Gordon S: Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immune response. Cell 2002;111:927-930.
68. Underhill DM, Ozinsky A: Phagocytosis of microbes: complexity in action. Annu Rev Immunol 2002;20:825-852.
69. Bolland S, Ravetch JV: Inhibitory pathways triggered by ITIM-containing receptors. Adv Immunol 1999;72:149-177.
70. Aderem A, Underhill DM: Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:593-623.
71. Ehlenberger AG, Nussenzweig V: The role of membrane receptors for C3b and C3d in phagocytosis. J Exp Med 1977;145:357-371.
72. Platt N, da Silva RP, Gordon S: Class A scavenger receptors and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Immunol Lett 1999;65:15-19.
73. Peiser L, Gough PJ, Kodama T, Gordon S: Macrophage class A scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Escherichia coli: role of cell heterogeneity, microbial strain, and culture conditions in vitro. Infect Immun 2000;68:1953-1963.
74. Thomas CA, Li Y, Kodama T, Suzuki H, Silverstein SC, El Khoury J: Protection from lethal gram-positive infection by macrophage scavenger receptor-dependent phagocytosis. J Exp Med 2000;191:147-156.
75. Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T: Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2001;2:675-680.
76. Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ: Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 2000;406:782-787.
77. Creagh EM, O'Neill LA: TLRs, NLRs and RLRs: a trinity of pathogen sensors that co-operate in innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2006;27:352-357.
78. Agostini L, Martinon F, Burns K, McDermott MF, Hawkins PN, Tschopp J: NALP3 forms an IL-1beta-processing inflammasome with increased activity in Muckle-Wells autoinflammatory disorder. Immunity 2004;20:319-325.
79. Martinon F, Tschopp J: Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: master switches of inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2007;14:10-22.
80. Medzhitov R: Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2001;1:135-145.
81. Liew FY, Xu D, Brint EK, O'Neill LA: Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5:446-458.
82. Chan TO, Rittenhouse SE, Tsichlis PN: AKT/PKB and other D3 phosphoinositide-regulated kinases: kinase activation by phosphoinositide- dependent phosphorylation. Annu Rev Biochem 1999;68:965-1014.
83. Araki N, Johnson MT, Swanson JA: A role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the completion of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis by macrophages. J Cell Biol 1996;135:1249-1260.
84. Bar-Sagi D, Hall A: Ras and Rho GTPases: a family reunion. Cell 2000;103:227-238.
85. Chimini G, Chavrier P: Function of Rho family proteins in actin dynamics during phagocytosis and engulfment. Nat Cell Biol 2000;2:E191-E196.
86. Zheleznyak A, Brown EJ: Immunoglobulin-mediated phagocytosis by human monocytes requires protein kinase C activation. Evidence for protein kinase C translocation to phagosomes. J Biol Chem 1992;267:12042-12048.
87. Allen LA, Aderem A: Protein kinase C regulates MARCKS cycling between the plasma membrane and lysosomes in fibroblasts. EMBO J 1995;14:1109-1121.
88. DeLeo FR, Allen LA, Apicella M, Nauseef WM: NADPH oxidase activation and assembly during phagocytosis. J Immunol 1999;163:6732-6740.
89. Segal AW: How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu Rev Immunol 2005;23:197-223.
90. Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, et al: Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science 2004;303:1532-1535.
91. Urban CF, Reichard U, Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A: Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms. Cell Microbiol 2006;8:668-676.
92. Dinarello CA: Proinflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000;118:503-508.
93. Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Granucci F: Opinion: Interpretation of the complexity of innate immune responses by functional genomics. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:881-889.
94. Yoshimura A, Naka T, Kubo M: SOCS proteins, cytokine signalling and immune regulation. Nat Rev Immunol 2007;7:454-465.
95. Cassatella MA: Neutrophil-derived proteins: selling cytokines by the pound. Adv Immunol 1999;73:369-509.
96. Cassatella MA: The production of cytokines by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Immunol Today 1995;16:21-26.
97. Scapini P, Nardelli B, Nadali G, et al: G-CSF-stimulated neutrophils are a prominent source of functional BLyS. J Exp Med 2003;197:297-302.
98. Tecchio C, Huber V, Scapini P, et al: IFNalpha-stimulated neutrophils and monocytes release a soluble form of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2 ligand) displaying apoptotic activity on leukemic cells. Blood 2004;103:3837-3844.
99. Cassatella MA, Huber V, Calzetti F, et al: Interferon-activated neutrophils store a TNF-related apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2 ligand) intracellular pool that is readily mobilizable following exposure to proinflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol 2006;79:123-132.
100. Oppenheim JJ, Zachariae CO, Mukaida N, Matsushima K: Properties of the novel proinflammatory supergene 'intercrine' cytokine family. Annu Rev Immunol 1991;9:617-648.
101. Baggiolini M, Dahinden CA: CC chemokines in allergic inflammation. Immunol Today 1994;15:127-133.
102. Kasama T, Strieter RM, Standiford TJ, Burdick MD, Kunkel SL: Expression and regulation of human neutrophil-derived macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. J Exp Med 1993;178:63-72.
103. Scapini P, Laudanna C, Pinardi C, et al: Neutrophils produce biologically active macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha)/CCL20 and MIP-3beta/CCL19. Eur J Immunol 2001;31:1981-1988.
104. Scapini P, Crepaldi L, Pinardi C, Calzetti F, Cassatella MA: CCL20/macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha production in LPS-stimulated neutrophils is enhanced by the chemoattractant formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine and IFN-gamma through independent mechanisms. Eur J Immunol 2002;32:3515-3524.
105. Frankenberger M, Passlick B, Hofer T, Siebeck M, Maier KL, Ziegler-Heitbrock LH: Immunologic characterization of normal human pleural macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000;23:419-426.
106. Krutzik SR, Tan B, Li H, et al: TLR activation triggers the rapid differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and dendritic cells. Nat Med 2005;11: 653-660.
107. Unanue ER: Perspective on antigen processing and presentation. Immunol Rev 2002;185:86-102.
108. Heath WR, Carbone FR: Cross-presentation, dendritic cells, tolerance and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:47-64.
109. Megiovanni AM, Sanchez F, Robledo-Sarmiento M, Morel C, Gluckman JC, Boudaly S: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils deliver activation signals and antigenic molecules to dendritic cells: a new link between leukocytes upstream of T lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2006;79:977-988.
110. Puellmann K, Kaminski WE, Vogel M, et al: A variable immunoreceptor in a subpopulation of human neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:14441-14446.
111. Maderna P, Godson C: Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and the resolution of inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003;1639:141-151.
112. Majai G, Petrovski G, Fesus L: Inflammation and the apopto-phagocytic system. Immunol Lett 2006;104:94-101.
113. Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Frasch SC, Warner ML, Henson PM: The role of phosphatidylserine in recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Cell Death Differ 1998;5:551-562.
114. Huynh ML, Fadok VA, Henson PM: Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes TGF-beta1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation. J Clin Invest 2002;109:41-50.
115. Serhan CN, Brain SD, Buckley CD, et al: Resolution of inflammation: state of the art, definitions and terms. FASEB J 2007;21:325-332.
116. Funk CD: Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology. Science 2001;294:1871-1875.
117. Levy BD, Clish CB, Schmidt B, Gronert K, Serhan CN: Lipid mediator class switching during acute inflammation: signals in resolution. Nat Immunol 2001;2:612-619.
118. Lawrence T, Willoughby DA, Gilroy DW: Antiinflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:787-795.
119. Chiang N, Serhan CN, Dahlen SE, et al: The lipoxin receptor ALX: potent ligand-specific and stereoselective actions in vivo. Pharmacol Rev 2006;58:463-487.
120. Godson C, Mitchell S, Harvey K, Petasis NA, Hogg N, Brady HR: Cutting edge: lipoxins rapidly stimulate nonphlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by monocyte-derived macrophages. J Immunol 2000;164:1663-1667.
121. Hachicha M, Pouliot M, Petasis NA, Serhan CN: Lipoxin (LX)A4 and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA4 inhibit tumor necrosis factor 1alpha-initiated neutrophil responses and trafficking: regulators of a cytokine-chemokine axis. J Exp Med 1999;189:1923-1930.
122. Serhan CN, Hong S, Gronert K, et al: Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals. J Exp Med 2002;196:1025-1037.
123. Ariel A, Serhan CN: Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammation. Trends Immunol 2007;28:176-183.
124. Serhan CN, Clish CB, Brannon J, Colgan SP, Chiang N, Gronert K: Novel functional sets of lipid-derived mediators with antiinflammatory actions generated from omega-3 fatty acids via cyclooxygenase 2-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and transcellular processing. J Exp Med 2000;192:1197-1204.
125. Hong S, Gronert K, Devchand PR, Moussignac RL, Serhan CN: Novel docosatrienes and 17S-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain, human blood, and glial cells. Autacoids in antiinflammation. J Biol Chem 2003;278:14677-14687.
126. Heissig B, Hattori K, Dias S, et al: Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand. Cell 2002;109:625-637.
127. Ehrchen J, Steinmuller L, Barczyk K, et al: Glucocorticoids induce differentiation of a specifically activated, anti-inflammatory subtype of human monocytes. Blood 2007;109:1265-1274.
128. Yona S, Gordon S: Inflammation: Glucocorticoids turn the monocyte switch. Immunol Cell Biol 2007;85:81-82.
129. Jamieson T, Cook DN, Nibbs RJ, et al: The chemokine receptor D6 limits the inflammatory response in vivo. Nat Immunol 2005;6:403-411.
130. D'Amico G, Frascaroli G, Bianchi G, et al: Uncoupling of inflammatory chemokine receptors by IL-10: generation of functional decoys. Nat Immunol 2000;1:387-391.
131. Ariel A, Fredman G, Sun YP, et al: Apoptotic neutrophils and T cells sequester chemokines during immune response resolution through modulation of CCR5 expression. Nat Immunol 2006;7:1209-1216.
132. Luster AD, Alon R, von Andrian UH: Immune cell migration in inflammation: present and future therapeutic targets. Nat Immunol 2005;6:1182-1190.
133. Flower RJ, Rothwell NJ: Lipocortin-1:cellular mechanisms and clinical relevance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1994;15:71-76.
134. Perretti M, Croxtall JD, Wheller SK, Goulding NJ, Hannon R, Flower RJ: Mobilizing lipocortin 1 in adherent human leukocytes downregulates their transmigration. Nat Med 1996;2:1259-1262.
135. Hayhoe RP, Kamal AM, Solito E, Flower RJ, Cooper D, Perretti M: Annexin 1 and its bioactive peptide inhibit neutrophil-endothelium interactions under flow: indication of distinct receptor involvement. Blood 2006;107:2123-2130.
136. Strausbaugh HJ, Rosen SD: A potential role for annexin 1 as a physiologic mediator of glucocorticoid-induced L-selectin shedding from myeloid cells. J Immunol 2001;166:6294-6300.
137. Solito E, Romero IA, Marullo S, Russo-Marie F, Weksler BB: Annexin 1 binds to U937 monocytic cells and inhibits their adhesion to microvascular endothelium: involvement of the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin. J Immunol 2000;165:1573-1581.
138. Sudlow AW, Carey F, Forder R, Rothwell NJ: The role of lipocortin-1 in dexamethasone-induced suppression of PGE2 and TNF alpha release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Br J Pharmacol 1996;117:1449-1456.
139. Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Mencarelli A, et al: Cooperation between aspirin-triggered lipoxin and nitric oxide (NO) mediates antiadhesive properties of 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl) phenyl ester (NCX-4016) (NO-aspirin) on neutrophilendothelial cell adherence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;309:1174-1182.
140. De Caterina R, Libby P, Peng HB, et al: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J Clin Invest 1995;96:60-68.
141. Bellingan GJ, Caldwell H, Howie SE, Dransfield I, Haslett C: In vivo fate of the inflammatory macrophage during the resolution of inflammation: inflammatory macrophages do not die locally, but emigrate to the draining lymph nodes. J Immunol 1996;157:2577-2585.
142. Watson RW, Rotstein OD, Nathens AB, Parodo J, Marshall JC: Neutrophil apoptosis is modulated by endothelial transmigration and adhesion molecule engagement. J Immunol 1997;158:945-953.
143. Savill J, Haslett C: Granulocyte clearance by apoptosis in the resolution of inflammation. Semin Cell Biol 1995;6:385-393.
144. Moulding DA, Akgul C, Derouet M, White MR, Edwards SW: BCL-2 family expression in human neutrophils during delayed and accelerated apoptosis. J Leukoc Biol 2001;70:783-792.
145. Barinaga M: Life-death balance within the cell. Science 1996;274:724.
146. Kobayashi SD, Braughton KR, Whitney AR, et al: Bacterial pathogens modulate an apoptosis differentiation program in human neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:10948-10953.
147. Lee A, Whyte MK, Haslett C: Inhibition of apoptosis and prolongation of neutrophil functional longevity by inflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol 1993;54:283-288.
148. Jonsson H, Allen P, Peng SL: Inflammatory arthritis requires Foxo3a to prevent Fas ligand-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Nat Med 2005;11:666-671.
149. Walmsley SR, Print C, Farahi N, et al: Hypoxia-induced neutrophil survival is mediated by HIF-1alpha-dependent NF-kappaB activity. J Exp Med 2005;201:105-115.
150. Altznauer F, Martinelli S, Yousefi S, et al: Inflammation-associated cell cycle-independent block of apoptosis by survivin in terminally differentiated neutrophils. J Exp Med 2004;199:1343-1354.
151. Korchak HM, Roos D, Giedd KN, et al: Granulocytes without degranulation: neutrophil function in granule-depleted cytoplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:4968-4972.
152. Borregaard N, Herlin T: Energy metabolism of human neutrophils during phagocytosis. J Clin Invest 1982;70:550-557.
153. Fossati G, Moulding DA, Spiller DG, Moots RJ, White MR, Edwards SW: The mitochondrial network of human neutrophils: role in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activation, and commitment to apoptosis. J Immunol 2003;170: 1964-1972.
154. Maianski NA, Geissler J, Srinivasula SM, Alnemri ES, Roos D, Kuijpers TW: Functional characterization of mitochondria in neutrophils: a role restricted to apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2004;11:143-153.
155. Murphy BM, O'Neill AJ, Adrain C, Watson RW, Martin SJ: The apoptosome pathway to caspase activation in primary human neutrophils exhibits dramatically reduced requirements for cytochrome C: J Exp Med 2003;197:625-632.
156. Akgul C, Moulding DA, Edwards SW: Molecular control of neutrophil apoptosis. FEBS Lett 2001;487:318-322.
157. Iwai K, Miyawaki T, Takizawa T, et al: Differential expression of bcl-2 and susceptibility to anti-Fas-mediated cell death in peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. Blood 1994;84:1201-1208.
158. Liles WC, Kiener PA, Ledbetter JA, Aruffo A, Klebanoff SJ: Differential expression of Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand on normal human phagocytes: implications for the regulation of apoptosis in neutrophils. J Exp Med 1996;184:429-440.
159. Fecho K, Cohen PL: Fas ligand (gld)- and Fas (lpr)-deficient mice do not show alterations in the extravasation or apoptosis of inflammatory neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 1998;64:373-383.
160. Murray J, Barbara JA, Dunkley SA, et al: Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha: requirement for TNFR55 and TNFR75 for induction of apoptosis in vitro. Blood 1997;90:2772-2783.
161. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, Whitney AR, DeLeo FR: Spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and regulation of cell survival by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. J Leukoc Biol 2005;78:1408-1418.
162. Ross EA, Douglas MR, Wong SH, et al: Interaction between integrin alpha9beta1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) inhibits neutrophil apoptosis. Blood 2006;107:1178-1183.
163. Brown SB, Savill J: Phagocytosis triggers macrophage release of Fas ligand and induces apoptosis of bystander leukocytes. J Immunol 1999;162:480-485.
164. Whyte MK, Meagher LC, MacDermot J, Haslett C: Impairment of function in aging neutrophils is associated with apoptosis. J Immunol 1993;150:5124-5134.
165. Dransfield I, Stocks SC, Haslett C: Regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression and function associated with neutrophil apoptosis. Blood 1995;85:3264-3273.
166. Jones J, Morgan BP: Apoptosis is associated with reduced expression of complement regulatory molecules, adhesion molecules and other receptors on polymorphonuclear leucocytes: functional relevance and role in inflammation. Immunology 1995;86:651-660.
167. Homburg CH, de Haas M, von dem Borne AE, Verhoeven AJ, Reutelingsperger CP, Roos D: Human neutrophils lose their surface Fc gamma RIII and acquire Annexin V binding sites during apoptosis in vitro. Blood 1995;85:532-540.
168. Brown SB, Bailey K, Savill J: Actin is cleaved during constitutive apoptosis. Biochem J 1997;323:233-237.
169. Meagher LC, Cousin JM, Seckl JR, Haslett C: Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on the rate of apoptosis in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes. J Immunol 1996;156:4422-4428.
170. Canaider S, Solito E, de Coupade C, et al: Increased apoptosis in U937 cells over-expressing lipocortin 1 (annexin I). Life Sci 2000;66:PL265-PL270.
171. Solito E, Kamal A, Russo-Marie F, Buckingham JC, Marullo S, Perretti M: A novel calcium-dependent proapoptotic effect of annexin 1 on human neutrophils. FASEB J 2003;17:1544-1546.
172. Rossi AG, Sawatzky DA, Walker A, et al: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors enhance the resolution of inflammation by promoting inflammatory cell apoptosis. Nat Med 2006;12:1056-1064.
173. Fuchs TA, Abed U, Goosmann C, et al: Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol 2007;176:231-241.
174. Ottonello L, Cutolo M, Frumento G, et al: Synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis inhibits neutrophil apoptosis: role of adenosine and proinflammatory cytokines. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:1249-1260.
175. deCathelineau AM, Henson PM: The final step in programmed cell death: phagocytes carry apoptotic cells to the grave. Essays Biochem 2003;39:105-117.
176. Odaka C, Mizuochi T, Yang J, Ding A: Murine macrophages produce secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor during clearance of apoptotic cells: implications for resolution of the inflammatory response. J Immunol 2003;171:1507-1514.
177. Lauber K, Bohn E, Krober SM, et al: Apoptotic cells induce migration of phagocytes via caspase-3-mediated release of a lipid attraction signal. Cell 2003;113:717-730.
178. Zhao M, Song B, Pu J, et al: Electrical signals control wound healing through phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase-gamma and PTEN: Nature 2006;442:457-460.
179. Ren Y, Savill J: Proinflammatory cytokines potentiate thrombospondin-mediated phagocytosis of neutrophils undergoing apoptosis. J Immunol 1995;154:2366-2374.
180. Liu Y, Cousin JM, Hughes J, et al: Glucocorticoids promote nonphlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes. J Immunol 1999;162:3639-3646.
181. Freire-de-Lima CG, Xiao YQ, Gardai SJ, Bratton DL, Schiemann WP, Henson PM: Apoptotic cells, through transforming growth factor-beta, coordinately induce anti-inflammatory and suppress pro-inflammatory eicosanoid and NO synthesis in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2006;281:38376-38384.
182. Savill J, Fadok V: Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature 2000;407:784-788.
183. Cocco RE, Ucker DS: Distinct modes of macrophage recognition for apoptotic and necrotic cells are not specified exclusively by phosphatidylserine exposure. Mol Biol Cell 2001;12:919-930.
184. Callahan MK, Williamson P, Schlegel RA: Surface expression of phosphatidylserine on macrophages is required for phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes. Cell Death Differ 2000;7:645-653.
185. Scannell M, Flanagan MB, deStefani A, et al: Annexin-1 and peptide derivatives are released by apoptotic cells and stimulate phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages. J Immunol 2007;178:4595-4605.
186. Palaniyar N, Nadesalingam J, Clark H, Shih MJ, Dodds AW, Reid KB: Nucleic acid is a novel ligand for innate, immune pattern recognition collectins surfactant proteins A and D and mannose-binding lectin. J Biol Chem 2004;279:32728-32736.
187. Arur S, Uche UE, Rezaul K, et al: Annexin I is an endogenous ligand that mediates apoptotic cell engulfment. Dev Cell 2003;4:587-598.
188. Scannell M, Maderna P: Lipoxins and annexin-1:resolution of inflammation and regulation of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Sci World J 2006;6:1555-1573.
189. Botto M, Dell'Agnola C, Bygrave AE, et al: Homozygous C1q deficiency causes glomerulonephritis associated with multiple apoptotic bodies. Nat Genet 1998;19:56-59.
190. Hart SP, Smith JR, Dransfield I: Phagocytosis of opsonized apoptotic cells: roles for 'old-fashioned' receptors for antibody and complement. Clin Exp Immunol 2004;135:181-185.
191. Brown S, Heinisch I, Ross E, Shaw K, Buckley CD, Savill J: Apoptosis disables CD31-mediated cell detachment from phagocytes promoting binding and engulfment. Nature 2002;418:200-203.
192. Cantin A: Cystic fibrosis lung inflammation: early, sustained, and severe. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:939-941.
193. Bals R, Weiner DJ, Wilson JM: The innate immune system in cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Clin Invest 1999;103:303-307.
194. Witko-Sarsat V, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Schuster A, et al: Proteinase 3, a potent secretagogue in airways, is present in cystic fibrosis sputum. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999;20:729-736.
195. Berahovich RD, Miao Z, Wang Y, Premack B, Howard MC, Schall TJ: Proteolytic activation of alternative CCR1 ligands in inflammation. J Immunol 2005;174:7341-7351.
196. Nufer O, Corbett M, Walz A: Amino-terminal processing of chemokine ENA-78 regulates biological activity. Biochemistry 1999;38:636-642.
197. Padrines M, Wolf M, Walz A, Baggiolini M: Interleukin-8 processing by neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase-3. FEBS Lett 1994;352:231-235.
198. Champagne B, Tremblay P, Cantin A, St Pierre Y: Proteolytic cleavage of ICAM-1 by human neutrophil elastase. J Immunol 1998;161:6398-6405.
199. Ginzberg HH, Cherapanov V, Dong Q, et al: Neutrophil-mediated epithelial injury during transmigration: role of elastase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001;281:G705-G717.
200. Vong L, D'Acquisto F, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, et al: Annexin 1 Cleavage in Activated Neutrophils: A pivotal role for proteinase 3. J Biol Chem 2007;282:29998-30004.
201. Pederzoli M, Kantari C, Gausson V, Moriceau S, Witko-Sarsat V: Proteinase-3 induces procaspase-3 activation in the absence of apoptosis: potential role of this compartmentalized activation of membrane-associated procaspase-3 in neutrophils. J Immunol 2005;174:6381-6390.
202. Durant S, Pederzoli M, Lepelletier Y, et al: Apoptosis-induced proteinase 3 membrane expression is independent from degranulation. J Leukoc Biol 2004;75:87-98.
203. Witko-Sarsat V, Lesavre P, Lopez S, et al: A large subset of neutrophils expressing membrane proteinase 3 is a risk factor for vasculitis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999;10:1224-1233.
204. Lewis MJ, Botto M: Complement deficiencies in humans and animals: links to autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2006;39:367-378.