메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 861-869

The impact of a negligent G2/M checkpoint on genomic instability and cancer induction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATM PROTEIN; ATR PROTEIN; CHECKPOINT KINASE 2; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA;

EID: 35548978945     PISSN: 1474175X     EISSN: 14741768     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrc2248     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (492)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 0025312728 scopus 로고
    • A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis
    • Fearon, E. R. & Vogelstein, B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61, 759-767 (1990).
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 759-767
    • Fearon, E.R.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 2
    • 0025663572 scopus 로고
    • Origins of human cancer revisited
    • Stanbridge, E. J. & Nowell, P. C. Origins of human cancer revisited. Cell 63, 867-874 (1990).
    • (1990) Cell , vol.63 , pp. 867-874
    • Stanbridge, E.J.1    Nowell, P.C.2
  • 3
    • 0028019398 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability: Marker of a mutator phenotype in cancer
    • Loeb, L. A. Microsatellite instability: marker of a mutator phenotype in cancer. Cancer Res. 54, 5059-5063 (1994).
    • (1994) Cancer Res , vol.54 , pp. 5059-5063
    • Loeb, L.A.1
  • 4
    • 17244367849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis
    • Bartkova, J. et al. DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis. Nature 434, 864-870 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 864-870
    • Bartkova, J.1
  • 5
    • 17244366865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and genomic instability in human precancerous lesions
    • Gorgoulis, V. G. et al. Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and genomic instability in human precancerous lesions. Nature 434, 907-913 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 907-913
    • Gorgoulis, V.G.1
  • 6
    • 34249676964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic myeloid leukaemia as a model of disease evolution in human cancer
    • Melo, J. V. & Barnes, D. J. Chronic myeloid leukaemia as a model of disease evolution in human cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 441-453 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.7 , pp. 441-453
    • Melo, J.V.1    Barnes, D.J.2
  • 7
    • 25844475838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the road to cancer: Aneuploidy and the mitotic checkpoint
    • Kops, G. J., Weaver, B. A. & Cleveland, D. W. On the road to cancer: aneuploidy and the mitotic checkpoint. Nature Rev. Cancer 5, 773-785 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 773-785
    • Kops, G.J.1    Weaver, B.A.2    Cleveland, D.W.3
  • 8
    • 33947581390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of translocations and gene fusions on cancer causation
    • Mitelman, F., Johansson, B. & Mertens, F. The impact of translocations and gene fusions on cancer causation. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 233-245 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.7 , pp. 233-245
    • Mitelman, F.1    Johansson, B.2    Mertens, F.3
  • 9
    • 34250001450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA repair is limiting for haematopoietic stem cells during ageing
    • Nijnik, A. et al. DNA repair is limiting for haematopoietic stem cells during ageing. Nature 447, 686-690 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 686-690
    • Nijnik, A.1
  • 10
    • 0035997348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (D)J recombination: RAG proteins, repair factors, and regulation
    • Gellert, M. V(D)J recombination: RAG proteins, repair factors, and regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 71, 101-132 (2002).
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Biochem , vol.71 , pp. 101-132
    • Gellert, M.V.1
  • 11
    • 0027976408 scopus 로고
    • Initial events in the cellular effects of ionising radiations: Clustered damage in DNA
    • Goodhead, D. T. Initial events in the cellular effects of ionising radiations: clustered damage in DNA. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 65, 7-17 (1994).
    • (1994) Int. J. Radiat. Biol , vol.65 , pp. 7-17
    • Goodhead, D.T.1
  • 12
    • 0002452020 scopus 로고
    • eds Lett, J. T. & Sinclair, W. K, Academic Press, San Diego
    • Thacker, J. in Advances in Radiation Biology 16, (eds Lett, J. T. & Sinclair, W. K.) 77-124 (Academic Press, San Diego, 1992).
    • (1992) Advances in Radiation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 77-124
    • Thacker, J.1
  • 13
    • 0027473181 scopus 로고
    • Mutant rodent cell lines sensitive to ultraviolet light, ionising radiation and cross-linking agents: A comprehensive survey of genetic and biochemical characteristics
    • Collins, A. R. Mutant rodent cell lines sensitive to ultraviolet light, ionising radiation and cross-linking agents: a comprehensive survey of genetic and biochemical characteristics. Mutat. Research 293, 99-118 (1993).
    • (1993) Mutat. Research , vol.293 , pp. 99-118
    • Collins, A.R.1
  • 14
    • 84970073585 scopus 로고
    • eds Chadwick, K. H, Cox, R, Leenhouts, H. P. & Thacker, J, European Commission, Luxembourg
    • Jeggo, P. A. in Molecular mechanisms in radiation mutagenesis and carcinogenesis (eds Chadwick, K. H., Cox, R., Leenhouts, H. P. & Thacker, J.) 17-22 (European Commission, Luxembourg, 1994).
    • (1994) Molecular mechanisms in radiation mutagenesis and carcinogenesis , pp. 17-22
    • Jeggo, P.A.1
  • 17
    • 2642528031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage-induced activation of ATM and ATM-dependent signaling pathways
    • Kurz, E. U. & Lees-Miller, S. P. DNA damage-induced activation of ATM and ATM-dependent signaling pathways. DNA Repair (Amst.) 3, 889-900 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.3 , pp. 889-900
    • Kurz, E.U.1    Lees-Miller, S.P.2
  • 18
    • 3242882820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-kinase related kinases: 'big' players in stress-induced signaling pathways
    • Abraham, R. T. PI 3-kinase related kinases: 'big' players in stress-induced signaling pathways. DNA Repair (Amst.) 3, 883-887 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.3 , pp. 883-887
    • Abraham, R.T.P.1
  • 19
    • 0037365789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM and related protein kinases: Safeguarding genome integrity
    • Shiloh, Y. ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity. Nature Rev. Cancer 3, 155-168 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 155-168
    • Shiloh, Y.1
  • 20
    • 0028568315 scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle control and cancer
    • Hartwell, L. H. & Kastan, M. B. Cell cycle control and cancer. Science 266, 1821-1828 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 1821-1828
    • Hartwell, L.H.1    Kastan, M.B.2
  • 21
    • 0034707047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA damage response: Putting checkpoints in perspective
    • Zhou, B. B. & Elledge, S. J. The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective. Nature 408, 433-439 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 433-439
    • Zhou, B.B.1    Elledge, S.J.2
  • 22
    • 0032508608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53
    • Canman, C. E. et al. Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53. Science 281, 1677-1679 (1998).
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1677-1679
    • Canman, C.E.1
  • 23
    • 3242890575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian cell cycle checkpoints: Signalling pathways and their organization in space and time
    • Lukas, J., Lukas, C. & Bartek, J. Mammalian cell cycle checkpoints: signalling pathways and their organization in space and time. DNA Repair (Amst.) 3, 997-1007 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.3 , pp. 997-1007
    • Lukas, J.1    Lukas, C.2    Bartek, J.3
  • 24
    • 29244444188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checkpoint abrogation in G2 compromises repair of chromosomal breaks in ataxia telangiectasia cells
    • Terzoudi, G. I., Manola, K. N., Pantelias, G. E. & Iliakis, G. Checkpoint abrogation in G2 compromises repair of chromosomal breaks in ataxia telangiectasia cells. Cancer Res. 65, 11292-11296 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 11292-11296
    • Terzoudi, G.I.1    Manola, K.N.2    Pantelias, G.E.3    Iliakis, G.4
  • 25
    • 29244437908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of double-strand break repair - insights from human genetics
    • O'Driscoll, M. & Jeggo, P. A. The role of double-strand break repair - insights from human genetics. Nature Rev. Genet. 7, 45-54 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Rev. Genet , vol.7 , pp. 45-54
    • O'Driscoll, M.1    Jeggo, P.A.2
  • 26
    • 0001250708 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays
    • Sax, K. Chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays. Genetics 23, 494-516 (1938).
    • (1938) Genetics , vol.23 , pp. 494-516
    • Sax, K.1
  • 27
    • 0001313535 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of numbers of mutants in bacterial populations
    • Lea, D. E. & Coulson, C. A. The distribution of numbers of mutants in bacterial populations. J. Genetics 49, 264-285 (1949).
    • (1949) J. Genetics , vol.49 , pp. 264-285
    • Lea, D.E.1    Coulson, C.A.2
  • 28
    • 0001273995 scopus 로고
    • eds Lett, J. T. & Sinclair, W. K, Academic Press, San Diego
    • Cornforth, M. N. & Bedford, J. S. in Advances in Radiation Biology (eds Lett, J. T. & Sinclair, W. K.) 17, 423-496 (Academic Press, San Diego, 1993).
    • (1993) Advances in Radiation Biology , vol.17 , pp. 423-496
    • Cornforth, M.N.1    Bedford, J.S.2
  • 29
    • 0030885666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC5 and CKII control adaptation to the yeast DNA damage checkpoint
    • Toczyski, D. P., Galgoczy, D. J. & Hartwell, L. H. CDC5 and CKII control adaptation to the yeast DNA damage checkpoint. Cell 90, 1097-1106 (1997).
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 1097-1106
    • Toczyski, D.P.1    Galgoczy, D.J.2    Hartwell, L.H.3
  • 30
    • 33751419716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving the breakup: The DNA damage checkpoint
    • Harrison, J. C. & Haber, J. E. Surviving the breakup: the DNA damage checkpoint. Annu. Rev. Genet. 40, 209-235 (2006).
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Genet , vol.40 , pp. 209-235
    • Harrison, J.C.1    Haber, J.E.2
  • 31
    • 0031004496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bennett, C. B., Snipe, J. R. & Resnick, M. A. A persistent double-strand break destabilizes human DNA in yeast and can lead to G2 arrest and lethality. Cancer Res. 57, 1970-1980 (1997).
    • Bennett, C. B., Snipe, J. R. & Resnick, M. A. A persistent double-strand break destabilizes human DNA in yeast and can lead to G2 arrest and lethality. Cancer Res. 57, 1970-1980 (1997).
  • 32
    • 0028822203 scopus 로고
    • Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint
    • Garvik, B., Carson, M. & Hartwell, L. Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 6128-6138 (1995).
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.15 , pp. 6128-6138
    • Garvik, B.1    Carson, M.2    Hartwell, L.3
  • 33
    • 33947204449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome breakage after G2 checkpoint release
    • Deckbar, D. et al. Chromosome breakage after G2 checkpoint release. J. Cell Biol. 176, 748-755 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Cell Biol , vol.176 , pp. 748-755
    • Deckbar, D.1
  • 34
    • 9744220428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pathway of double-strand break rejoining dependent upon ATM, Artemis, and proteins locating to gamma-H2AX foci
    • Riballo, E. et al. A pathway of double-strand break rejoining dependent upon ATM, Artemis, and proteins locating to gamma-H2AX foci. Mol. Cell 16, 715-724 (2004).
    • (2004) Mol. Cell , vol.16 , pp. 715-724
    • Riballo, E.1
  • 35
    • 33751301357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to the ionizing radiation-induced G2 checkpoint occurs in human cells and depends on checkpoint kinase 1 and Polo-like kinase 1 kinases
    • Syljuasen, R. G., Jensen, S., Bartek, J. & Lukas, J. Adaptation to the ionizing radiation-induced G2 checkpoint occurs in human cells and depends on checkpoint kinase 1 and Polo-like kinase 1 kinases. Cancer Res. 66, 10253-10257 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 10253-10257
    • Syljuasen, R.G.1    Jensen, S.2    Bartek, J.3    Lukas, J.4
  • 36
    • 33847737716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage checkpoints: From initiation to recovery or adaptation
    • Bartek, J. & Lukas, J. DNA damage checkpoints: from initiation to recovery or adaptation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 19, 238-245 (2007).
    • (2007) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 238-245
    • Bartek, J.1    Lukas, J.2
  • 37
    • 2542459341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of a DNA replication checkpoint response depends upon inactivation of Claspin by the Polo-like kinase
    • Yoo, H. Y., Kumagai, A., Shevchenko, A. & Dunphy, W. G. Adaptation of a DNA replication checkpoint response depends upon inactivation of Claspin by the Polo-like kinase. Cell 117, 575-588 (2004).
    • (2004) Cell , vol.117 , pp. 575-588
    • Yoo, H.Y.1    Kumagai, A.2    Shevchenko, A.3    Dunphy, W.G.4
  • 39
    • 2442693184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity: A consequence of ineffective cell cycle arrest of radiation-damaged G2-phase cells
    • Marples, B., Wouters, B. G., Collis, S. J., Chalmers, A. J. & Joiner, M. C. Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity: a consequence of ineffective cell cycle arrest of radiation-damaged G2-phase cells. Radiat. Res. 161, 247-255 (2004).
    • (2004) Radiat. Res , vol.161 , pp. 247-255
    • Marples, B.1    Wouters, B.G.2    Collis, S.J.3    Chalmers, A.J.4    Joiner, M.C.5
  • 40
    • 0037317397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cell cycle phase on low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity
    • Short, S. C., Woodcock, M., Marples, B. & Joiner, M. C. Effects of cell cycle phase on low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 79, 99-105 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Radiat. Biol , vol.79 , pp. 99-105
    • Short, S.C.1    Woodcock, M.2    Marples, B.3    Joiner, M.C.4
  • 41
    • 0026637143 scopus 로고
    • Aataxia telangiectasia genes and predisposition to leukaemia, lymphoma and breast cancer
    • Taylor, A. M. R. Aataxia telangiectasia genes and predisposition to leukaemia, lymphoma and breast cancer. Brit. J. Cancer 66, 5-9 (1992).
    • (1992) Brit. J. Cancer , vol.66 , pp. 5-9
    • Taylor, A.M.R.1
  • 42
    • 1642556817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-strand break repair defect in ATM-deficient cells contributes to radiosensitivity
    • Kuhne, M. et al. A double-strand break repair defect in ATM-deficient cells contributes to radiosensitivity. Cancer Res. 64, 500-508 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 500-508
    • Kuhne, M.1
  • 43
    • 0021978722 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of a defect in cells from individuals with ataxia-telangiectasia
    • Cornforth, M. N. & Bedford, J. S. On the nature of a defect in cells from individuals with ataxia-telangiectasia. Science 227, 1589-1591 (1985).
    • (1985) Science , vol.227 , pp. 1589-1591
    • Cornforth, M.N.1    Bedford, J.S.2
  • 44
    • 0026733077 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of DNA and chromosome repair deficiencies to the radiosensitivity of ataxia-telangiectasia
    • Pandita, T. K. & Hittelman, W. N. The contribution of DNA and chromosome repair deficiencies to the radiosensitivity of ataxia-telangiectasia. Radiat. Res.131, 214-223 (1992).
    • (1992) Radiat. Res , vol.131 , pp. 214-223
    • Pandita, T.K.1    Hittelman, W.N.2
  • 45
    • 0032404350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Splitting the ATM: Distinct repair and checkpoint defects in ataxia-telangiectasia
    • Jeggo, P. A., Carr, A. M. & Lehmann, A. R. Splitting the ATM: distinct repair and checkpoint defects in ataxia-telangiectasia. Trends Genet.14, 312-316 (1998).
    • (1998) Trends Genet , vol.14 , pp. 312-316
    • Jeggo, P.A.1    Carr, A.M.2    Lehmann, A.R.3
  • 46
    • 33845715977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATR-dependent phosphorylation and activation of ATM in response to UV treatment or replication fork stalling
    • Stiff, T. et al. ATR-dependent phosphorylation and activation of ATM in response to UV treatment or replication fork stalling. EMBO J. 25, 5775-5782 (2006).
    • (2006) EMBO J , vol.25 , pp. 5775-5782
    • Stiff, T.1
  • 47
    • 17644432403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint
    • Liu, Q. et al. Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint. Genes Dev. 14, 1448-1459 (2000).
    • (2000) Genes Dev , vol.14 , pp. 1448-1459
    • Liu, Q.1
  • 48
    • 33646450091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity is not caused by a failure to recognize DNA double-strand breaks
    • Wykes, S. M., Piasentin, E., Joiner, M. C., Wilson, G. D. & Marples, B. Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity is not caused by a failure to recognize DNA double-strand breaks. Radiat. Res. 165, 516-524 (2006).
    • (2006) Radiat. Res , vol.165 , pp. 516-524
    • Wykes, S.M.1    Piasentin, E.2    Joiner, M.C.3    Wilson, G.D.4    Marples, B.5
  • 49
    • 0026496885 scopus 로고
    • A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia
    • Kastan, M. B. et al. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell 71, 587-597 (1992).
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 587-597
    • Kastan, M.B.1
  • 50
    • 0032076190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nibrin, a novel DNA double-strand break repair protein, is mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome
    • Varon, R. et al. Nibrin, a novel DNA double-strand break repair protein, is mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Cell 93, 467-476 (1998).
    • (1998) Cell , vol.93 , pp. 467-476
    • Varon, R.1
  • 51
    • 0032076248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage-syndrome: Linkage of double-strand break repair to the cellular DNA damage response
    • Carney, J. P. et al. The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage-syndrome: linkage of double-strand break repair to the cellular DNA damage response. Cell 93, 477-486 (1998).
    • (1998) Cell , vol.93 , pp. 477-486
    • Carney, J.P.1
  • 52
    • 34447551681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of ATM and NBS1 in chromatin structure modulation and DNA double-strand break repair
    • Berkovich, E., Monnat, R. J., Jr. & Kastan, M. B. Roles of ATM and NBS1 in chromatin structure modulation and DNA double-strand break repair. Nature Cell. Biol. 9, 683-690 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature Cell. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 683-690
    • Berkovich, E.1    Monnat Jr., R.J.2    Kastan, M.B.3
  • 53
    • 33749023326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and associated proteins in the maintenance of genomic stability
    • Gudmundsdottir, K. & Ashworth, A. The roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and associated proteins in the maintenance of genomic stability. Oncogene 25, 5864-5874 (2006).
    • (2006) Oncogene , vol.25 , pp. 5864-5874
    • Gudmundsdottir, K.1    Ashworth, A.2
  • 54
    • 1442306125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemis and p53 cooperate to suppress oncogenic N-myc amplification in progenitor B cells
    • Rooney, S. et al. Artemis and p53 cooperate to suppress oncogenic N-myc amplification in progenitor B cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 2410-2415 (2004).
    • (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 2410-2415
    • Rooney, S.1
  • 55
    • 0034690249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay of p53 and DNA-repair protein XRCC4 in tumorigenesis, genomic stability and development
    • Gao, Y. et al. Interplay of p53 and DNA-repair protein XRCC4 in tumorigenesis, genomic stability and development. Nature 404, 897-900 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 897-900
    • Gao, Y.1
  • 56
    • 0034106125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of ku80-mutant mice and cells with deficient levels of p53
    • Lim, D. S. et al. Analysis of ku80-mutant mice and cells with deficient levels of p53. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3772-3780 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 3772-3780
    • Lim, D.S.1
  • 57
    • 0030938259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53 mediates permanent arrest over multiple cell cycles in response to gamma-irradiation
    • Linke, S. P., Clarkin, K. C. & Wahl, G. M. p53 mediates permanent arrest over multiple cell cycles in response to gamma-irradiation. Cancer Res. 57, 1171-1179 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 1171-1179
    • Linke, S.P.1    Clarkin, K.C.2    Wahl, G.M.3
  • 58
    • 0029897210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and selectivity of the DNA damage sensor responsible for activating p53-dependent G1 arrest
    • Huang, L. C., Clarkin, K. C. & Wahl, G. M. Sensitivity and selectivity of the DNA damage sensor responsible for activating p53-dependent G1 arrest. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA 93, 4827-4832 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 4827-4832
    • Huang, L.C.1    Clarkin, K.C.2    Wahl, G.M.3
  • 59
    • 0035545996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian G1- and S-phase checkpoints in response to DNA damage
    • Bartek, J. & Lukas, J. Mammalian G1- and S-phase checkpoints in response to DNA damage. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 13, 738-747 (2001).
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol , vol.13 , pp. 738-747
    • Bartek, J.1    Lukas, J.2
  • 60
    • 0344441890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence
    • d'Adda di Fagagna, F. et al. A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence. Nature 426, 194-198 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 194-198
    • d'Adda di Fagagna, F.1
  • 61
    • 0036146085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two molecularly distinct G(2)/M checkpoints are induced by ionizing irradiation
    • Xu, B., Kim, S. T., Lim, D. S. & Kastan, M. B. Two molecularly distinct G(2)/M checkpoints are induced by ionizing irradiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 1049-1059 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.22 , pp. 1049-1059
    • Xu, B.1    Kim, S.T.2    Lim, D.S.3    Kastan, M.B.4
  • 62
    • 0043234465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overactivated ATR/CHK1 pathway is responsible for the prolonged G2 accumulation in irradiated AT cells
    • Wang, X., Khadpe, J., Hu, B., Iliakis, G. & Wang, Y. An overactivated ATR/CHK1 pathway is responsible for the prolonged G2 accumulation in irradiated AT cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 30869-30874 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem , vol.278 , pp. 30869-30874
    • Wang, X.1    Khadpe, J.2    Hu, B.3    Iliakis, G.4    Wang, Y.5
  • 63
    • 34548223252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Imperfect G(2)/M Checkpoint Contributes to Chromosome Instability Following Irradiation of S and G(2) Phase Cells
    • Krempler, A., Deckbar, D., Jeggo, P. A. & Lobrich, M. An Imperfect G(2)/M Checkpoint Contributes to Chromosome Instability Following Irradiation of S and G(2) Phase Cells. Cell Cycle 6, 1682-1686 (2007).
    • (2007) Cell Cycle , vol.6 , pp. 1682-1686
    • Krempler, A.1    Deckbar, D.2    Jeggo, P.A.3    Lobrich, M.4
  • 64
    • 30344463835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM- and cell cycle-dependent regulation of ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks
    • Jazayeri, A. et al. ATM- and cell cycle-dependent regulation of ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks. Nature Cell. Biol. 8, 37-45 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Cell. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 37-45
    • Jazayeri, A.1
  • 65
    • 3242876404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ataxia-telangiectasia, an evolving phenotype
    • Chun, H. H. & Gatti, R. A. Ataxia-telangiectasia, an evolving phenotype. DNA Repair (Amst.) 3, 1187-1196 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.3 , pp. 1187-1196
    • Chun, H.H.1    Gatti, R.A.2
  • 66
    • 0037312006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial T and B lymphocyte immunodeficiency and predisposition to lymphoma in patients with hypomorphic mutations in Artemis
    • Moshous, D. et al. Partial T and B lymphocyte immunodeficiency and predisposition to lymphoma in patients with hypomorphic mutations in Artemis. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 381-387 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest , vol.111 , pp. 381-387
    • Moshous, D.1
  • 67
    • 30944455282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe combined immunodeficiency and microcephaly in siblings with hypomorphic mutations in DNA ligase IV
    • Buck, D. et al. Severe combined immunodeficiency and microcephaly in siblings with hypomorphic mutations in DNA ligase IV. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 224-235 (2006).
    • (2006) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.36 , pp. 224-235
    • Buck, D.1
  • 68
    • 3242878504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA recombination, chromosomal stability and carcinogenesis: Insights into the role of BRCA2
    • Shivji, M. K. & Venkitaraman, A. R. DNA recombination, chromosomal stability and carcinogenesis: insights into the role of BRCA2. DNA Repair (Amst.) 3, 835-843 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.3 , pp. 835-843
    • Shivji, M.K.1    Venkitaraman, A.R.2
  • 69
    • 10944257674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosslinks and crosstalk: Human cancer syndromes and DNA repair defects
    • Risinger, M. A. & Groden, J. Crosslinks and crosstalk: human cancer syndromes and DNA repair defects. Cancer Cell 6, 539-545 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer Cell , vol.6 , pp. 539-545
    • Risinger, M.A.1    Groden, J.2
  • 70
    • 0142136826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of the MRN complex for ATM activation by DNA damage
    • Uziel, T. et al. Requirement of the MRN complex for ATM activation by DNA damage. EMBO J. 22, 5612-5621 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO J , vol.22 , pp. 5612-5621
    • Uziel, T.1
  • 71
    • 0037567268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing DNA damage through ATRIP recognition of RPA-ssDNA complexes
    • Zou, L. & Elledge, S. J. Sensing DNA damage through ATRIP recognition of RPA-ssDNA complexes. Science 300, 1542-1548 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1542-1548
    • Zou, L.1    Elledge, S.J.2
  • 72
    • 0345564858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication protein A-mediated recruitment and activation of Rad17 complexes
    • Zou, L., Liu, D. & Elledge, S. J. Replication protein A-mediated recruitment and activation of Rad17 complexes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 13827-13832 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 13827-13832
    • Zou, L.1    Liu, D.2    Elledge, S.J.3
  • 73
    • 0034717309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid destruction of human Cdc25A in response to DNA damage
    • Mailand, N. et al. Rapid destruction of human Cdc25A in response to DNA damage. Science 288, 1425-1429 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1425-1429
    • Mailand, N.1
  • 74
    • 0033636737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of an ATM-dependent checkpoint that inhibits chromosomal DNA replication following DNA damage
    • Costanzo, V. et al. Reconstitution of an ATM-dependent checkpoint that inhibits chromosomal DNA replication following DNA damage. Mol. Cell 6, 649-659 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 649-659
    • Costanzo, V.1
  • 75
    • 0026656853 scopus 로고
    • Wild-type p53 is a cell cycle checkpoint determinant following irradiation
    • Kuerbitz, S. J., Plunkett, B. S., Walsh, W. V. & Kastan, M. B. Wild-type p53 is a cell cycle checkpoint determinant following irradiation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7491-7495 (1992).
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 7491-7495
    • Kuerbitz, S.J.1    Plunkett, B.S.2    Walsh, W.V.3    Kastan, M.B.4
  • 76
    • 9244251125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer
    • Kastan, M. B. & Bartek, J. Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer. Nature 432, 316-323 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 316-323
    • Kastan, M.B.1    Bartek, J.2
  • 77
    • 0035810054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53
    • Taylor, W. R. & Stark, G. R. Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene 20, 1803-1815 (2001).
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 1803-1815
    • Taylor, W.R.1    Stark, G.R.2
  • 78
    • 0027359827 scopus 로고
    • WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression
    • El-Deiry, W. S. et al. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75, 817-825 (1993).
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 817-825
    • El-Deiry, W.S.1
  • 79
    • 0033616501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GADD45 induction of a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint
    • Wang, X. W. et al. GADD45 induction of a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 3706-3711 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 3706-3711
    • Wang, X.W.1
  • 80
    • 0031310665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14-3-3 sigma is a p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression
    • Hermeking, H. et al. 14-3-3 sigma is a p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression. Mol. Cell 1, 3-11 (1997).
    • (1997) Mol. Cell , vol.1 , pp. 3-11
    • Hermeking, H.1
  • 81
    • 19344370467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining
    • Hefferin, M. L. & Tomkinson, A. E. Mechanism of DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining. DNA Repair (Amst.) 4, 639-648 (2005).
    • (2005) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.4 , pp. 639-648
    • Hefferin, M.L.1    Tomkinson, A.E.2
  • 82
    • 34347393519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation induced DNA damage responses
    • Jeggo, P. A. & Lobrich, M. Radiation induced DNA damage responses. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 122, 124-127 (2006).
    • (2006) Rad. Prot. Dosim , vol.122 , pp. 124-127
    • Jeggo, P.A.1    Lobrich, M.2
  • 83
    • 2542595443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced fidelity for rejoining radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in the G2 phase of Chinese hamster ovary cells
    • Kruger, I., Rothkamm, K. & Lobrich, M. Enhanced fidelity for rejoining radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in the G2 phase of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 2677-2684 (2004).
    • (2004) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.32 , pp. 2677-2684
    • Kruger, I.1    Rothkamm, K.2    Lobrich, M.3
  • 84
    • 33845604556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-strand break repair: All's well that ends well
    • Wyman, C. & Kanaar, R. DNA double-strand break repair: all's well that ends well. Annu. Rev. Genet. 40, 363-383 (2006).
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Genet , vol.40 , pp. 363-383
    • Wyman, C.1    Kanaar, R.2
  • 85
    • 0042632901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways of DNA double-strand break repair during the mammalian cell cycle
    • Rothkamm, K., Kruger, I., Thompson, L. H. & Lobrich, M. Pathways of DNA double-strand break repair during the mammalian cell cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 5706-5715 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.23 , pp. 5706-5715
    • Rothkamm, K.1    Kruger, I.2    Thompson, L.H.3    Lobrich, M.4
  • 86
    • 23344444636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous homologous recombination is induced by collapsed replication forks that are caused by endogenous DNA single-strand breaks
    • Saleh-Gohari, N. et al. Spontaneous homologous recombination is induced by collapsed replication forks that are caused by endogenous DNA single-strand breaks. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 7158-7169 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.25 , pp. 7158-7169
    • Saleh-Gohari, N.1
  • 87
    • 18244362081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA Ligase IV mutations identified in patients exhibiting development delay and immunodeficiency
    • O'Driscoll, M. et al. DNA Ligase IV mutations identified in patients exhibiting development delay and immunodeficiency. Mol. Cell 8, 1175-1185 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Cell , vol.8 , pp. 1175-1185
    • O'Driscoll, M.1
  • 88
    • 20644471358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmonising the response to DSBs: A new string in the ATM bow
    • Lobrich, M. & Jeggo, P. A. Harmonising the response to DSBs: a new string in the ATM bow. DNA Repair (Amst.) 4, 749-759 (2005).
    • (2005) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.4 , pp. 749-759
    • Lobrich, M.1    Jeggo, P.A.2
  • 89
    • 16244401671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artemis deficiency confers a DNA double-strand break repair defect and Artemis phosphorylation status is altered by DNA damage and cell cycle progression
    • Wang, J. et al. Artemis deficiency confers a DNA double-strand break repair defect and Artemis phosphorylation status is altered by DNA damage and cell cycle progression. DNA Repair (Amst.) 4, 556-570 (2005).
    • (2005) DNA Repair (Amst.) , vol.4 , pp. 556-570
    • Wang, J.1
  • 90
    • 33846021317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Artemis in DSB repair and guarding chromosomal stability following exposure to ionizing radiation at different stages of cell cycle
    • Darroudi, F. et al. Role of Artemis in DSB repair and guarding chromosomal stability following exposure to ionizing radiation at different stages of cell cycle. Mutat. Res. 615, 111-124 (2007).
    • (2007) Mutat. Res , vol.615 , pp. 111-124
    • Darroudi, F.1
  • 91
    • 0038700698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular views of recombination proteins and their control
    • West, S. C. Molecular views of recombination proteins and their control. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 435-445 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.4 , pp. 435-445
    • West, S.C.1
  • 92
    • 35548932186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNSCEAR. 565-571 (United Nations, New York, 1988).
    • UNSCEAR. 565-571 (United Nations, New York, 1988).
  • 93
    • 10744219719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer risks attribuw to low doses of ionizing radiation: Assessing what we really know
    • Brenner, D. J. et al. Cancer risks attribuw to low doses of ionizing radiation: assessing what we really know. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 13761-13766 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 13761-13766
    • Brenner, D.J.1
  • 94
    • 34249696084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 15-country collaborative study of cancer risk among radiation workers in the nuclear industry: Estimates of radiation-related cancer risks
    • Cardis, E. et al. The 15-country collaborative study of cancer risk among radiation workers in the nuclear industry: estimates of radiation-related cancer risks. Radiat. Res. 167, 396-416 (2007).
    • (2007) Radiat. Res , vol.167 , pp. 396-416
    • Cardis, E.1
  • 95
    • 0141764894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 13: Solid cancer and noncancer disease mortality: 1950-1997
    • Preston, D. L., Shimizu, Y., Pierce, D. A., Suyama, A. & Mabuchi, K. Studies of mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 13: Solid cancer and noncancer disease mortality: 1950-1997. Radiat. Res. 160, 381-407 (2003).
    • (2003) Radiat. Res , vol.160 , pp. 381-407
    • Preston, D.L.1    Shimizu, Y.2    Pierce, D.A.3    Suyama, A.4    Mabuchi, K.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.