NF-κB as an emerging target in atopy

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 213-228

  Beyaert, Rudi ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041661592     PISSN: 14728222     EISSN: 17447631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728222.3.2.213     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. JIRAPONGSANANURUK O, LEUNG DYM: Clinical applications of cytokines: new directions in the therapy of atopic diseases. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. (1997) 79:5-20. (Pubitemid 27318015)
2. MENZ G, YING S, DURHAM SR et al.: Molecular concepts of IgE-initiated inflammation in atopic and non-atopic asthma. Allergy (1998) 53:15-21. (Pubitemid 28446493)
3. VON MUTIUS E, MARTINEZ FD, FRITZSCH C et al.: Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and East Germany. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1994) 149:358-364. (Pubitemid 24068980)
4. STRACHAN D: Socio-economic factors and the development of allergy. Toxicol. Lett. (1996) 86:199-203.
5. STRACHAN DP: Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. Br. Med. J. (1989) 299:1259-1260. (Pubitemid 19280051)
6. ROSENWASSER LJ: The genetics of atopy. Allergy (1998) 53(Suppl.):8-11. (Pubitemid 28535337)
7. KAPSENBERG ML, HILKENS CMU, WIERENGA EA, KALINSKI P: The role of antigen-presenting cells in the regulation of allergen-specific T cell responses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1998) 10:607-613. (Pubitemid 28558572)
8. GRUNIG G, WARNOCK M, WAKIL AE et al.: Requirement for IL-13 independently of IL-4 in experimental asthma. Science (1998) 282:2261-2263. (Pubitemid 29004075)
9. WILLS-KARP M, LUYIMBAZI J, XU X et al.: Interleukin-13: central mediator of allergic asthma. Science (1998) 282:2258-2261. (Pubitemid 29004074)
10. RINCON M, ANGUITA J, NAKAMURA T, FIKRIG E, FLAVELL RA: Interleukin (IL)-6 directs the differentiation of IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. (1997) 185: 461-469. (Pubitemid 27078364)
11. TAKEDA K, TSUTSUI H, YOSHIMOTO T et al.: Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice. Immunity (1998) 8:383-390. (Pubitemid 28188898)
12. KIMBER I, DEARMAN RJ, CUMBERBATCH M, HUBY RJD: Langerhans cells and chemical allergy. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1998) 10:614-619. (Pubitemid 28558573)
13. GASCAN H, GAUCHET JF, RONCAROLO MG et al.: Human B-cell clones can be induced to proliferate and to switch to IgE and IgG4 synthesis by interleukin 4 and a signal provided by activated CD4+ T cell clones. J. Exp. Med. (1991) 173:747-750.
14. McKENZIE ANJ, CULPEPPER JA, DE WALA MALEFYT R et al.: Interleukin-13, a novel cell-derived cytokine that regulates human monocyte and B cell function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 90:3735-3739. (Pubitemid 23111442)
15. OKUDAIRA H, MORI A: Simple understanding and optimistic strategy for coping with atopic diseases. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (1998) 117:11-19. (Pubitemid 28431002)
16. METCALF D, BEGLEY CG, JOHNSON GR et al.: Biologic properties in vitro of a recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood (1986) 67:37-45. (Pubitemid 16167008)
17. LOPEZ AF, TO LB, YANG YC et al.: Stimulation of proliferation, differentiation, and function of human cells by primate interleukin-3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1987) 84:2761-2765. (Pubitemid 17064724)
18. SCHLEIMER RP, BECK L, SCHWEIBERT L et al.: Inhibition of inflammatory cell recruitment by glucocorticoids: cytokines as primary targets. In: Topical Glucocorticoids in Asthma: Mechanisms and Clinical Actions. Schleimer RP, Busse WW, O'Byrne P (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA (1997):203-238.
19. BARNES PJ, ADCOCK IM: Transcription factors and asthma. Eur. Respir. J. (1998) 12:221-234. (Pubitemid 28325681)
20. VAYSSIERE BM, DUPONT S, CHOQUART A et al.: Synthetic glucocorticoids that dissociate transactivation and AP-1 transrepression exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Mol. Endocrinol. (1997) 11:1245-1255. (Pubitemid 28041332)
21. BARNES PJ, GREENING AP, CROMPTON GK: Glucocorticoid resistance in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1995) 152:125S-140S.
22. SCHREIBER SL, CRABTREE GR: The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506. Immunol. Today (1992) 13:136-141.
23. SOWDEN JM, BERTH-JONES J, ROSS JS et al.: Doubleblind, controlled, cross-over study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet (1991) 338:137-140.
24. NAGAKAWA H: Tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis. Lancet (1994) 344:883.
25. NELSON HS: Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators. New Engl. J. Med. (1995) 333:499-506.
26. COLEMAN RA, JOHNSON M, NIALS AT, VARDEY CJ: Exosites: their current status, and their relevance to the duration of action of long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (1996) 17:325-330.
27. COWARD WR, SAGARA H, CHURCH MK: Asthma, adenosine, mast cells and theophylline. Clin. Exp. Allergy (1998) 28:42-46.
28. MONTANA JG, BUCKLEY GM, COOPER N et al.: Aryl sulfonamides as selective PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (1998) 8:2635-2640. (Pubitemid 28496643)
29. SLATER JW, ZECHNICH AD, HAXBY DG: Secondgeneration antihistamines: a comparative review. Drugs (1999) 57:31-47.
30. PARNHAM MJ: Sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium in the therapy of asthma, a critical comparison. Pulm. Pharmacol. (1996) 9:95-105. (Pubitemid 26300697)
31. GRISWOLD DE, WEBB EF, BADGER AM et al.: SB 207499 (Ariflo), a second generation phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, reduces tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-4 production in vivo. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1998) 287:705-711. (Pubitemid 29133673)
32. BACHER E, BOER C, BRAY-FRENCH K et al.: N-arylrolipram derivatives as potent and selective PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let. (1998) 8:3229-3234. (Pubitemid 28551652)
33. HAY DWP: Pharmacology of leukotriene receptor antagonists. More than inhibitors of bronchoconstriction. Chest (1997) 111:35S-45S.
34. NYCE JW, METZGER WJ: DNA antisense therapy for asthma in an animal model. Nature (1997) 385:721-725. (Pubitemid 27098092)
35. BARNES PJ, LIM S: Inhibitory cytokines in asthma. Mol. Med. Today (1998) 4(10):452-458. (Pubitemid 28464834)
36. LEE JC, LAYDON JT, MCDONNELL PC et al.: A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis. Nature (1994) 372:739-746.
37. BLACK RA, RAUCH CT, KOZLOSKY CJ et al.: A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour necrosis factor-alpha from cells. Nature (1997) 385:729-733. (Pubitemid 27098094)
38. LI P, ALLEN H, BANERJEE S et al.: Mice deficient in IL-1b-converting enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1b and resistant to endotoxic shock. Cell (1995) 80:401-411.
39. GHAYUR T, BANERJEE S, HUGUNIN M et al.: Caspase-1 processes IFN-gamma-inducing factor and regulates LPS-induced IFN-gamma production. Nature (1997) 386:619-623. (Pubitemid 27175429)
40. THORNBERRY NA, LAZEBNIK Y: Caspases: enemies within. Science (1998) 281:1312-1316. (Pubitemid 28406817)
41. RAHMAN I, MACNEE W: Role of transcription factors in inflammatory lung diseases. Thorax (1998) 53:601-612. (Pubitemid 28335523)
42. BARNES PJ, KARIN M: Nuclear factor-kB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. New Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:1066-1071. (Pubitemid 27163860)
43. BLACKWELL TS, CHRISTMAN JW: The role of nuclear factor-kB in cytokine gene regulation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. (1997) 17:3-9. (Pubitemid 127500814)
44. ZHU Z, TANG W, RAY A et al.: Rhinovirus stimulation of interleukin-6 in vivo and in vitro. Evidence for nuclear factor kappa B-dependent transcriptional activation. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) 97:421-430.
45. HART LA, KRISHNAN VL, ADCOCK IM, BARNES PJ, CHUNG KF: Activation and localization of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kB, in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1998) 158:1585-1592.
46. YANG L, COHN L, ZHANG D-H et al.: Essential role of nuclear factor kB in the induction of eosinophilia in allergic airway inflammation. J. Exp. Med. (1998) 188:1739-1750. (Pubitemid 28516118)
47. SNAPPER CM, ZELAZOWSKI P, ROSAS FR et al.: B cells from p50/NF-kB knock-out mice have selective defects in proliferation, differentiation, germ-line CH transcription and Ig class switching. J. Immunol. (1996) 156:183-191.
48. TAVARES JC, BAYON Y, CRESPO MS: Immunoglobulin E-mediated anaphylaxis activates nuclear factor kB in rat small intestine. Inflamm. Res. (1998) 47:265-269. (Pubitemid 28325585)
49. STACEY MA, SUN G, VASSALLI G et al.: The allergen Der p1 induces NF-kB activation through interference with IkBa function in asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 236:522-526. (Pubitemid 27373332)
50. RAY A, PREFONTAINE KE: Physical association and functional antagonism between p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-kB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:752-756. (Pubitemid 24041480)
51. SCHEINMAN RI, COGSWELL PC, LOFQUIST AK et al.: Role of transcriptional activation of IkB-a in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science (1995) 270:283-286.
52. SEN R, BALTIMORE D: Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Cell (1986) 46:705-716. (Pubitemid 16020062)
53. BALDWIN AS, JR.: The NF-kB and IkB proteins: new discoveries and insights. Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1996) 14:649-683.
54. BEG AA, SHA WC, BRONSON RT, GHOSH S, BALTIMORE D: Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the RelA component of NF-kB. Nature (1995) 376:167-170.
55. SHA WC, LIOU H-C, TUOMANEN EI, BALTIMORE D: Targeted disruption of the p50 subunit of NF-kB leads to multifocal defects in immune responses. Cell (1995) 80:321-330.
56. CRAMER P, MULLER CW: A firm hand on NFkappaB: structures of the IkappaBalpha-NFkappaB complex. Structure (1999) 7:R1-6. (Pubitemid 29159175)
57. DIDONATO J, MERCURIO F, ROSETTE C: Mapping of the inducible IkB phosphorylation sites that signal its ubiquitination and degradation. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1996) 16:1295-1304.
58. YARON A, GONEN H, ALKALAY I et al.: Inhibition of NF-kB cellular function via specific targeting of the IkB-ubiquitin ligase. EMBO J. (1997) 16:6486-6494. (Pubitemid 27483274)
59. YARON A, HATZUBAI A, DAVIS M et al.: Identification of the receptor component of the IkBa-ubiquitin ligase. Nature (1998) 396:590-594. (Pubitemid 28563722)
60. DESTERRO JM, RODRIGUEZ MS, HAY RT: SUMO-1 modification of IkBa inhibits NF-κB activation. Mol. Cell (1998) 2:233-239. (Pubitemid 128373648)
61. ARENZANA-SEISDEDOS F, THOMPSON J, RODRIGUEZ MS et al.: Inducible nuclear expression of newly synthesized IkB-a negatively regulates DNA-binding and transcriptional activities of NF-κB. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1995) 15:2689-2696.
62. KLEMENT JF, RICE NR, CAR BD et al.: IkB-a deficiency results in a sustained NF-κB response and severe widespread dermatitis in mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1996) 16:2341-2349. (Pubitemid 26123755)
63. CHENG JD, RYSECK RP, ATTAR RM, DAMBACH D, BRAVO R: Functional redundancy of the nuclear factor kB inhibitors IkB-a and IkB-b. J. EXP. MED. (1998) 188:1055-1062. (Pubitemid 28443329)
64. MERCURIO F, ZHU H, MURRAY BW: IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF-kappaB activation. Science. (1997) 278:860-866. (Pubitemid 27467923)
65. LI Q, VAN ANTWERP D, MERCURIO F, LEE KF, VERMA IM: Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IkB kinase 2 gene. Science (1999) 284:321-325.
66. TAKEDA K, TAKEUCHI O, TSUJIMURA T et al.: Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKK-a. Science (1999) 284:313-316. (Pubitemid 129523448)
67. ROTHWARF DM, ZANDI E, NATOLI G, KARIN M: IKK-g is an essential regulatory subunit of the IkB kinase complex. Nature (1998) 395:297-300. (Pubitemid 28447557)
68. MALININ NL, BOLDIN MP, KOVALENKO AV, WALLACH D: MAP3K-related kinase involved in NF-kappaB induction by TNF, CD95 and IL-1. Nature (1997) 385:540-544. (Pubitemid 27074673)
69. LEE FS, HAGLER J, CHEN ZJ et al.: Activation of the IkB-a kinase complex by MEKK1, a kinase of the JNK pathway. Cell (1997) 88:213-222. (Pubitemid 28015870)
70. DARNAY BG, AGGARWAL BB: Early events in TNF signaling: a story of associations and dissociations. J. Leuk. Biol. (1997) 61:559-566. (Pubitemid 27234452)
71. CARPENTIER I, DECLERCQ W, MALININ NL et al.: TRAF2 plays a dual role in NF-κB dependent gene activation by mediating the TNF-induced activation of p38 MAPK and IkB kinase pathways. FEBS Lett. (1998) 425:195-198. (Pubitemid 28178888)
72. ARCH RH, GEDRICH RW, THOMPSON CB: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs)-a family of adapter proteins that regulates life and death. Genes Dev. (1998) 12:2821-2830. (Pubitemid 28440141)
73. HSU H, SHU H, PAN M, GOEDDEL DV: TRADD-TRAF2 and TRADD-FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Cell (1996) 84:299-308. (Pubitemid 26042835)
74. YEH WC, SHAHINIAN A, SPEISER D et al.: Early lethality, functional NF-kappaB activation, and increased sensitivity to TNF-induced cell death in TRAF2-deficient mice. Immunity (1997) 7:715-725. (Pubitemid 28156638)
75. KELLIHER MA, GRIMM S, ISHIDA Y et al.: The death domain kinase RIP mediates the TNF-induced NF-κB signal. Immunity (1998) 8:297-303. (Pubitemid 28188890)
76. CAO Z, XIONG J, TAKEUCHI M, KURAMA T, GOEDDEL DV: TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1. Nature (1996) 383:443-446. (Pubitemid 26330834)
77. GEDRICH KW, GILFILLIAN MC, DUCKETT CS, VAN DONGEN JL, THOMPSON CB: CD30 contains two binding sites with different specificities for members of the TNF-R-associated factor family of signal transducing proteins. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:12852-12858. (Pubitemid 26176697)
78. KUHNE MR, ROBBINS M, HAMBOR JE et al.: Assembly and regulation of the CD40 receptor complex in human B-cells. J. Exp. Med. (1997) 186:337-342. (Pubitemid 27328035)
79. NINOMIYA-TSUJI J, KISHIMOTO K, HIYAMA A et al.: The kinase TAK1 can activate the NIK-IkB as well as the MAP kinase cascade in the IL-1 signalling pathway. Nature (1999) 398:252-256.
80. LIN X, CUNNINGHAM ET, JR., MU Y, GELEZIUNAS R, GREENE WC: The proto-oncogene Cot kinase participates in CD3/CD28 induction of NF-κB acting through the NF-κB-inducing kinase and IkB kinases. Immunity (1999) 10:271-280. (Pubitemid 29115632)
81. THOMASSEN E, BIRD TA, RENSHAW BR, KENNEDY MK, SIMS JE: Binding of interleukin-18 to the interleukin-1 receptor leads to activation of signaling pathways similar to those used by interleukin-1. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. (1998) 18:1077-1088. (Pubitemid 29011616)
82. ZHANG FX, KIRSCHNING CJ, MANCINELLI R et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates nuclear factor-κB through interleukin-1 signaling mediators in cultured human dermal endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) 274:7611-7614.
83. BENDER K, GOTTLICHER M, WHITESIDE S, RAHMSDORF HJ, HERRLICH P: Sequential DNA damage-independent and-dependent activation of NF-κB by UV. EMBO J. (1998) 17:5170-5181. (Pubitemid 28408483)
84. LI N, KARIN M: Ionizing radiation and short wavelength UV activate NF-κB through two distinct mechanisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95:13012-13017. (Pubitemid 28509515)
85. McELHINNY JA, TRUSHIN SA, BREN GD, CHESTER N, PAYA CV: Casein kinase II phosphorylates I kB a at S-283, S-289, S-293, and T-291 and is required for its degradation. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1996) 16:899-906. (Pubitemid 26061660)
86. GHODA L, LIN X, GREENE WC: The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (pp90rsk) phosphorylates the N-terminal regulatory domain of IkBa and stimulates its degradation in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:21281-21288. (Pubitemid 27373994)
87. IMBERT V, RUPEC RA, LIVOLSI A et al.: Tyrosine phosphorylation of IkB-a activates NF-κB without proteolytic degradation of IkB-a. Cell (1996) 86:787-798. (Pubitemid 26303447)
88. BERAUD C, HENZEL WJ, BAEUERLE PA: Involvement of regulatory and catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in NF-κB activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96:429-434. (Pubitemid 29061225)
89. BEYAERT R, CUENDA A, VANDEN BERGHE W et al.: The p38/RK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates interleukin-6 synthesis in response to tumour necrosis factor. EMBO J. (1996) 15:1914-1923. (Pubitemid 26119694)
90. VANDEN BERGHE W, PLAISANCE S, BOONE E et al.: p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogenactivated protein kinase pathways are required for nuclear factor-κB p65 transactivation mediated by tumor necrosis factor. J . Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:3285-3290. (Pubitemid 28109741)
91. GERRITSEN ME, WILLIAMS AJ, NEISH AS et al.: CREB-binding protein/p300 are transcriptional coactivators of p65. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1997) 94:2927-2932. (Pubitemid 27157241)
92. DE CESARIS P, STARACE D, RICCIOLI A et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-α induces interleukin-6 production and integrin ligand expression by distinct transduction pathways. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:7566-7571. (Pubitemid 28152783)
93. WANG D, BALDWIN AS, JR.: Activation of nuclear factor-κB-dependent transcription by tumor necrosis factor-α is mediated through phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on serine 529. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:29411-29416. (Pubitemid 28509943)
94. ZHONG H, SUYANG H, ERDJUMENT-BROMAGE H, TEMPST P, GHOSH S: The transcriptional activity of NF-κB is regulated by the IkB-associated PKAc subunit through a cyclic AMP-independent mechanism. Cell (1997) 89:413-424. (Pubitemid 27220886)
95. ZHONG H, VOLL RE, GHOSH S: Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 by PKA stimulates transcriptional activity by promoting a novel bivalent interaction with the co-activator CBP/p300. Mol. Cell (1998) 1:661-671. (Pubitemid 128379244)
96. JÄÄTTELÄ M, MOURITZEN H, ELLING F, BASTHOLM L: A20 zinc finger protein inhibits TNF and IL-1 signaling. J. Immunol. (1996) 156:1166-1173. (Pubitemid 26048113)
97. DE VALCK D, HEYNINCK K, VAN CRIEKINGEWet al.: A20 inhibits NF-kappaB activation independently of binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 238:590-594. (Pubitemid 27464433)
98. SONG HY, ROTHE M, GOEDDEL DV: The tumor necrosis factor-inducible zinc finger protein A20 interacts with TRAF1/TRAF2 and inhibits NF-kappaB activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:6721-6725. (Pubitemid 26230376)
99. HEYNINCK K, BEYAERT R: The cytokine-inducible zinc finger protein A20 inhibits IL-1-induced NF-κB activation at the level of TRAF6. FEBS Lett. (1999) 442:147-150. (Pubitemid 29070823)
100. ROTHE M, XIONG J, SHU H: I-TRAF is a novel TRAFinteracting protein that regulates TRAF-mediated signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:8241-8246. (Pubitemid 26269541)
101. LEE SY, CHO Y: TRAF interacting protein (TRIP): a novel component of the TNF-R-and CD30-TRAF signaling complexes that inhibits TRAF2-mediated NF-κB activation. J. Exp. Med. (1997) 185:1275-1285. (Pubitemid 27172908)
102. STEIN B, BALDWIN AS, JR., BALLARD DW et al.: Crosscoupling of the NF-κB p65 and Fos/Jun transcription factors produces potentiated biological function. EMBO J. (1993) 12:3879-3891. (Pubitemid 23282764)
103. SICA A, DORMAN L, VIGGIANO V et al.: Interaction of NF-kappaB and NFAT with the interferon-gamma promoter. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:30412-30420. (Pubitemid 27512251)
104. PAHL HL, KRAUSS B, SCHULZE-OSTHOFF K et al.: The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-κB. J. Exp. Med. (1996) 183:1829-1840. (Pubitemid 26134323)
105. BRETON JJ, CHABOT-FLETCHER MC: The natural product hymenialdisine inhibits interleukin-8 production in U937 cells by inhibition of nuclear factor-κB. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1997) 282:459-466. (Pubitemid 27425575)
106. WANG P, WU P, SIEGEL MI et al.: Interleukin-10 inhibits NF-κB activation in human monocytes. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:95558-95563.
107. SCHRECK R, RIEBER P, BAEUERLE PA: Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO J. (1991) 10:2247-2258. (Pubitemid 21905698)
108. MIYAJIMA T, KOTAKE Y: Spin trapping agent, phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in endotoxin-induced shock in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1995) 215:114-121.
109. JUN DY, CHAE HZ, RHEE SG et al.: Regulatory role for a novel human thioredoxin peroxidase in NF-κB activation. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:30952-30961. (Pubitemid 27527539)
110. SCHENK H, KLEIN M, ERDBRUGGER W et al.: Distinct effects of thioredoxin and antioxidants on the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:1672-1676. (Pubitemid 24080267)
111. KAZMI SM, PLANTERK, VISCONTI V et al.: Suppression of NF-κB activation and NF-κB dependent gene expression by tepoxalin, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. J. Cell. Biochem. (1995) 57:299-310.
112. PALANKI MS, ERDMAN P, GAYO L: Inhibitors of NF-κB and AP-1 gene expression: structure activity studies on the pyrimidine portion of SP100030. 213th American Chemical Society National Meeting. San Francisco, USA (1997) Abstract 065.
113. PALANKI MS, ERDMAN P, SOTA M: Inhibitors of NF-κB and AP-1 gene expression: structure activity studies of 2-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-4- citraconamide-5-carb oxylate. 26th National Medicinal Chemistry Symposium. Richmond, USA (1998) Abstract C-4.
114. NEURATH MF, PETTERSSON S, MEYER ZUM BUSCHENFELDE KH, STROBER W: Local administration of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to the p65 subunit of NF-κB abrogates established experimental colitis in mice. Nature Med. (1996) 2:998-1004. (Pubitemid 26306838)
115. WRIGHTON CJ, HOFER-WARBINEK R, MOLL T et al.: Inhibition of endothelial cell activation by adenovirus-mediated expression of IkBa, an inhibitor of transcription factor NF-κB. J. Exp. Med. (1996) 183:1013-1022.
116. SOARES MP, MUNIAPPAN A, KACZMAREK E et al.: Adenovirus-mediated expression of a dominant negative mutant of p65/RelA inhibits pro-inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells without sensitizing to apoptosis. J. Immunol. (1998) 161:4572-4582. (Pubitemid 28492029)
117. YIN MJ , YAMAMOTO Y, GAYNOR RB: The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of IkB kinase-b. Nature (1998) 396:77-80. (Pubitemid 28520452)
118. HEYNINCK K, DE VALCK D, VANDEN BERGHE W et al.: The zinc finger protein A20 inhibits TNF-induced NF-κB dependent gene expression by interfering with a RIP-or TRAF2-mediated transactivation signal and directly binds to a novel NF-κB inhibiting protein, ABIN. J. Cell Biol. [In press].