Socioeconomic factors and the development of allergy

Toxicology Letters

Volumn 86, Issue 2-3, 1996, Pages 199-203

  Strachan, David ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atopy; Epidemiology; Hay fever; Infection; Socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL;

ALLERGY; ATOPY; CONFERENCE PAPER; HAY FEVER; HUMAN; INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIZATION; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 0030218017     PISSN: 03784274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(96)03691-0     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (33)

1. [1] Emanuel, M.B. (1988) Hay fever, a post industrial revolution epidemic: a history of its growth during the 19th century. Clin. Allergy 18, 295-304.
2. [2] Barbee, R.A., Lebowitz, M.D., Thompson, H.C. and Burrows, B. (1976) Immediate skin test reactivity in a general population sample. Ann. Intern. Med. 84, 129-133.
3. [3] Gergen, P.J., Turkeltaub, P.C. and Kovar, M.G. (1987) The prevalence of allergic skin test reactivity to eight common aeroallergens in the US population: results from the second national health and nutrition examination survey. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 80, 669-679.
4. [4] Australian Bureau of Statistics (1991) 1989-90 National Health Survey. Asthma and other respiratory conditions, Australia. Catalogue no. 4373.0. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
5. [5] Strachan, D.P. (1995) Epidemiology of hay fever: towards a community diagnosis. Clin. Exp. Allergy 25, 296-303.
6. [6] Golding J. Peters T. (1986) Eczema and hay fever. In: N. Butler and J. Golding (Eds.), From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five-year-olds. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 171-186.
7. [7] Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P. and Hay, R.J. (1994) Childhood eczema: disease of the advantaged? Br. Med. J. 308, 1132-1135.
8. [8] Strachan, D.P., Griffiths, J.M., Anderson, H.R. and Johnston, I.D.A. (1994) Allergic sensitisation and position in the sibship: a national study of young British adults. Thorax 49, 1053P.
9. [9] Sibbald, B. and Rink, E. (1991) Labelling of rhinitis and hayfever by doctors. Thorax 46, 378-381.
10. [10] Broder, I., Higgins, M.W., Matthews, K.P. and Keller, J.B. (1974) Epidemiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis in a total population, Tecumseh, Michigan. III. Second survey of the community. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 53, 127-138.
11. [11] Strachan, D.P., Anderson, H.R., Limb, E.S., O'Neill, A. and Wells, N. (1994) A national survey of asthma prevalence, severity and treatment in Great Britain. Arch. Dis. Child. 70, 174-178.
12. [12] Littlejohns, P. and Macdonald, L.M. (1993) The relationship between severe asthma and social class. Respir. Med. 87, 139-143.
13. [13] Wichmann, H.E. and Heinrich, J. (1995) Health effects if high level exposure to traditional pollutants in East Germany: review and ongoing research. Environ. Health Perspect. 103 (Suppl. 2), 29-35.
14. [14] Wichmann, H.E. (1995) Environment, life-style and allergy: the German answer. Allergol. J. 4, 315-316.
15. [15] von Mutius, E., Fritsch, C., Weiland, S.K., Röll, G. and Magnussen, H. (1992) Prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders among children in the united Germany: a descriptive comparison. Br. Med. J. 305, 1395-1399.
16. [16] Behrendt, H., Krämer, U., Dolgmer, R., Himrichs, J., Willer, H., Hagenbeck, H. and Schlipköter, H.W. (1993) Elevated levels of total serum IgE in East German children: atopy, parasites, or pollutants? A comparative study among 2054 preschool children in East and West Germany. Allergol. J. 2, 31-40.
17. [17] von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Röll, G. and Thiemann, H. (1994) Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and East Germany. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149, 358-364.
18. [18] Heinrich, J., Nowak, D., Wassmer, G., Jörres, R., Wjst, M., Magnussen, H., Berger, J. and Wichmann, H.E. (1995) Does a western lifestyle lead to a greater risk of atopic diseases? Eur. Respir. J. 8 (Suppl. 19), 197s.
19. [19] Bråbäck, L., Breborowicz, A., Dreborg, S., Knutsson, A., Pieklik, H. and Björksten, B. (1994) Atopic sensitisation and respiratory symptoms among Polish and Swedish school children. Clin. Exp. Allergy 24, 826-835.
20. [20] Bråbäck, L., Breborowicz, A., Julge, K., Knutsson A., Riikjärv, M.A., Vasar, M. and Björksten, B. (1995) Risk factors for respiratory symptoms and atopic sensitisation in the Baltic area. Arch. Dis. Child. 72, 487-493.
21. [21] Godfrey, K.M., Barker D.J.P. and Osmond, C. (1994) Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life. Clin. Exp. Allergy 24, 641-648.
22. [22] Kramer, M.S. (1988) Does breast feeding help protect against atopic disease? Biology, methodology and a golden jubilee of controversy. J. Pediatr. 112, 181-190.
23. [23] Magnusson, C.G.M. (1986) Maternal smoking influences cord serum IgE and IgD levels and increases the risk for subsequent infant allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 78, 898-904.
24. [24] von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Reitmar, P. and Thiemann, H.H. (1994) Skin test reactivity and number of siblings. Br. Med. J. 308, 692-695.
25. [25] Burrows, B., Halonen, M., Barbee, R.A. and Lebowitz, M. (1981) The relationship of serum immunoglobulin E to cigarette smoking. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 124, 523-525.
26. [26] Venables, K.M., Topping, M.D., Howe, W., Luczynska, C.M., Hawkins, R. and Newman-Taylor, A.J. (1985) Interaction of smoking and atopy in producing specific IgE antibody against a hapten-protein conjugate. Br. Med. J. 290, 201-204.
27. [27] Strachan, D.P., Taylor, E.M. and Carpenter, R.G. (1996) Family structure, neonatal infection and hay fever in adolescence. Arch. Dis. Child., 74, 422-426.
28. [28] Strachan, D.P. (1989) Hay fever, hygiene and household size. Br. Med. J. 299, 1259-1260.
29. [29] Backman, A., Björksten, F., Ilmonen, S., Juntunen, K. and Suoniemi, I. (1984) Do infections in infancy affect sensitization to airborne allergens and development of allergic disease? Allergy 39, 309-315.
30. [30] Holt, P.G. (1994) A potential vaccine strategy for asthma and allied atopic diseases during early childhood. Lancet 344, 456-458.
31. [31] Martinez, F.D. (1994) Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: could they be protective? Thorax 49, 1189-1191.
32. [32] Hattevig, G., Kjellman, B. and Björksten, B. (1993) Appearance of IgE antibodies to ingested and inhaled allergens during the first 12 years of life in atopic and non-atopic children. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 4, 182-186.
33. [33] Finn, J. (1992) John Bostock, hay fever and the mechanism of allergy. Lancet 340, 1453-1455.