Bacterial secretome: The assembly manual and operating instructions (review)

Molecular Membrane Biology

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 159-169

  Economou, Anastassios ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY   (Greece)

Author keywords

ATPase; Chaperone; Membrane transporter; Motor protein; Protein translocase; SecA; SecDF; SecYEG; Signal peptidase

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; CARRIER PROTEIN; CHAPERONE; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; POLYPEPTIDE; PROTEIN SECA; SEC PROTEIN; SECDF PROTEIN; SECYEG PROTEIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEIN; SECA PROTEIN, BACTERIA;

BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCEDURES; CATALYSIS; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL VIABILITY; DISSECTION; DRUG MANUFACTURE; ENZYME KINETICS; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ASSEMBLY; PROTEIN LIPID INTERACTION; PROTEIN SECRETION; PROTEIN TARGETING; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; REACTION ANALYSIS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SECRETOME; BACTERIAL PHENOMENA AND FUNCTIONS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG EFFECT; GENETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; SECRETION;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASES; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; DRUG DESIGN; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEINS; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; PROTEIN TRANSPORT;

EID: 0036663201     PISSN: 09687688     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09687680210152609     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Akimaru, J., Matsuyama, S., Tokuda, H. and Mizushima, S., 1991, Reconstitution of a protein translocation system containing pu dried SecY, SecE, and SecA from Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 88, 6545-6549.
2. Alksne, L. E., Burgio, P., Hu, W., Feld, B., Singh, M. P., Tuckman, M., Petersen, P. J., Labthavikul, P., McGlynn, M., Barbieri, L., McDonald, L., Bradford, P., Dushin, R. G., Rothstein, D. and Projan, S. J., 2000, Identification and analysis of bacterial protein secretion inhibitors utilizing a SecA-LacZ reporter fusion system. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 44, 1418-1427.
3. Antelmann, H., Tjalsma, H., Voigt, B., Ohlmeier, S., Bron, S., van Dijl, J. M. and Hecker, M., 2001, A proteomic view on genome-based signal peptide predictions. Genome Research, 11, 1484-1502.
4. Arkowitz, R. A., Joly, J. C. and Wickner, W., 1993, Translocation can drive the unfolding of a preprotein domain. EMBO Journal, 12, 243-253.
5. Arkowitz, R. A. and Wickner, W., 1994, SecD and SecF are required for the proton electrochemical gradient stimulation of preprotein translocation. EMBO Journal, 13, 954-963.
6. Baneyx, F., 1999, Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli. Current Opinions in Biotechnology, 10, 411-421.
7. Bassilana, M., Arkowitz, R. A. and Wickner, W., 1992, The role of the mature domain of proOmpA in the translocation ATPase reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267, 25246-25250.
8. Baud, C., Karamanou, S., Sianidis, G., Vrontou, E., Politou, A. S. and Economou, A., 2002, Allosteric communication between signal peptides and the SecA protein DEAD motor ATPase domain. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 13724-13731.
9. Berges, H., Joseph-Liauzun, E. and Fayet, O., 1996, Combined effects of the signal sequence and the major chaperone proteins on the export of human cytokines in Escherichia coli. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 62, 55-60.
10. Bessonneau, P., Besson, V., Collinson, I. and Duong, F., 2002, The SecYEG preprotein translocation channel is a conformationally dynamic and dimeric structure. EMBO Journal, 21, 995-1003.
11. Black, M. T. and Bruton, G., 1998, Inhibitors of bacterial signal peptidases. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 4, 133-154.
12. Braun, P., Gerritse, G., van Dijl, J. M. and Quax W. J., 1999, Improving protein secretion by engineering components of the bacterial translocation machinery. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 10, 376-381.
13. Braunstein, M., Brown, A. M., Kurtz, S. and Jacobs, W. R. Jr., 2001, Two nonredundant SecA homologues function in mycobacteria. Journal of Bacteriology, 183, 6979-6990.
14. Breukink, E., Keller, R. C. and de Kruijff, B., 1993, Nucleotide and negatively charged lipid-dependent vesicle aggregation caused by SecA. Evidence that SecA contains two lipid-binding sites. FEBS Letters, 331, 19-24.
15. Breukink, E., Nouwen, N., van Raalte, A., Mizushima, S., Tommassen, J. and de Kruijff, B., 1995, The C terminus of SecA is involved in both lipid binding and SecB binding. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 7902-7907.
16. Bron, S., Bolhuis, A., Tjalsma, H., Holsappel, S., Venema, G. and van Dijl, J. M., 1998, Protein secretion and possible roles for multiple signal peptidases for precursor processing in bacilli. Journal of Biotechnology, 64, 3-13.
17. Brundage, L., Hendrick, J. P., Schiebel, E., Driessen, A. J. and Wickner, W., 1990, The purified E. coli integral membrane protein SecY/E is sufficient for reconstitution of SecA-dependent precursor protein translocation. Cell, 62, 649-657.
18. Cavalier-Smith, T., 2002, The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. International Journal of Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology, 52, 7-76.
19. Chen, L. and Tai, P. C., 1985, ATP is essential for protein translocation into Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 82, 4384-4388.
20. Chen, X, Brown, T. and Tai, P. C., 1998, Identification and characterization of protease-resistant SecA fragments: SecA has two membrane-integral forms. Journal of Bacteriology, 180, 5270-537.
21. Collinson, I., Breyton, C., Duong, F., Tziatzios, C., Schubert, D., Or, E., Rapoport, T. and Kuhlbrandt, W., 2001, Projection structure and oligomeric properties of a bacterial core protein translocase. EMBO Journal, 20, 2462-2471.
22. Cornelis, P., 2000, Expressing genes in different Escherichia coli compartments. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 11, 450-454.
23. Dalbey, R. E., Chen, M., Jiang, F. and Samuelson, J. C., 2000, Understanding the insertion of transporters and other membrane proteins. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 12, 435-442.
24. Dapic, V. and Oliver, D., 2000, Distinct membrane binding properties of N- and C-terminal domains of Escherichia coli SecA ATPase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275, 25000-25007.
25. de Gier, J. W. and Luirink, J., 2001, Biogenesis of inner membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. Molecular Microbiology, 40, 314-322.
26. Dempsey, B. R., Economou, A., Dunn, S. D. and Shilton, B. H., 2002, The ATPase domain of SecA can form a tetramer in solution. Journal of Molecular Biology, 315, 831-843.
27. den Blaauwen, T., Fekkes, P., de Wit, J. G., Kuiper, W. and Driessen, A. J. M., 1996, Domain interactions of the peripheral preprotein translocase subunit SecA. Biochemistry, 35, 11194-12004.
28. den Blaauwen, T., Terpetschnig, E., Lakowicz, J. R. and Driessen, A. J., 1997, Interaction of SecB with soluble SecA. FEBS Letters, 416, 35-38.
29. Ding, H., Mukerji, I. and Oliver, D., 2001, Lipid and signal peptide-induced conformational changes within the C-domain of Escherichia coli SecA protein. Biochemistry, 40, 1835-1843.
30. Douville, K., Price, A., Eichler, J., Economou, A. and Wickner, W., 1995, SecYEG and SecA are the stoichiometric components of preprotein translocase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 20106-20111.
31. Driessen, A. J., 1992, Precursor protein translocation by the Escherichia coli translocase is directed by the protonmotive force. EMBO Journal, 11, 847-853.
32. Driessen, A. J., 2001, SecB, a molecular chaperone with two faces. Trends in Microbiology, 9, 193-196.
33. Driessen, A. J., Manting, E. H. and van der Does, C., 2001, The structural basis of protein targeting and translocation in bacteria. Nature Structure Biology, 8, 492-498.
34. Driessen, A. J. and Wickner, W., 1991, Proton transfer is rate-limiting for translocation of precursor proteins by the Escherichia coli translocase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 88, 2471-2475.
35. Duong, F. and Wickner, W., 1997a, Distinct catalytic roles of the SecYE, SecG and SecDFyajC subunits of preprotein translocase holoenzyme. EMBO Journal, 16, 2756-2768.
36. Duong, F. and Wickner, W., 1997b, The SecDFyajC domain of preprotein translocase controls preprotein movement by regulating SecA membrane cycling. EMBO Journal, 16, 4871-4879.
37. Economou, A., 1998, Bacterial preprotein translocase, mechanism and conformational dynamics of a processive enzyme. Molecular Microbiology, 27, 511-518.
38. Economou, A., 1999, Following the leader: Bacterial protein export through the Sec pathway. Trends in Microbiology, 7, 315-320.
39. Economou, A., 2000, Bacterial protein translocase: A unique molecular machine with an army of substrates. FEBS Letters, 476, 18-21.
40. Economou, A., 2001, Sec, drugs and rock'n'roll: Antibiotic targetting of bacterial protein translocation. Emerging Therapeutic Targets, 5, 141-153.
41. Economou, A. and Wickner, W., 1994, SecA promotes preprotein translocation by undergoing ATP-driven cycles of membrane insertion and deinsertion. Cell, 78, 835-843.
42. Economou, A., Pogliano, J. P., Beckwith, J., Oliver, D. B. and Wickner, W., 1995, SecA membrane cycling at SecYEG is driven by distinct ATP binding and hydrolysis events and is regulated by SecD and SecF. Cell, 83, 1171-1181.
43. Eichler, J. and Wickner, W., 1997, Both an N-terminal 67-kDa domain and a C-terminal 30kDa domain of SecA cycle into the membrane at SecYEG during translocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 94, 5574-5581
44. Eichler, J., Brunner, J. and Wickner, W., 1997, The proteaseprotected 30 kDa domain of SecA is largely inaccessible to the membrane lipid phase. EMBO Journal, 16, 2188-2196.
45. Fekkes, P., de Wit, J. G., van der Wolk, J. P., Kimsey, H. H., Kumamoto, C. A. and Driessen, A. J., 1998, Preprotein transfer to the Escherichia coli translocase requires the co-operative binding of SecB and the signal sequence to SecA. Molecular Microbiology, 29, 1179-1190.
46. Fekkes, P., van der Does, C. and Driessen, A. J. M., 1997, The molecular chaperone SecB is released from the carboxy-terminus of SecA during initiation of precursor protein translocation. EMBO Journal, 16, 6095-6113.
47. Greenbaum, D., Luscombe, N. M., Jansen, R., Qian, J. and Gerstein, M., 2001, Interrelating different types of genomic data, from proteome to secretome: 'Oming in on function. Genome Research, 2001, 11, 1463-1468.
48. Gumpert, J. and Hoischen, C., 1998, Use of cell wall-less bacteria (L-forms) for efficient expression and secretion of heterologous gene products. Current Opinions in Biotechnology, 9, 506-509.
49. Harms, N., Koningstein, G., Dontje, W., Muller, M., Oudega, B., Luirink, J. and de Cock, H., 2001, The early interaction of the outer membrane protein phoe with the periplasmic chaperone Skp occurs at the cytoplasmic membrane. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 18804-18811.
50. Hartl, F.-U., Lecker, S., Schiebel, E., Hendrick, J. P. and Wickner, W., 1990, The binding of SecB to SecA to SecY/E mediates preprotein targeting to the E. coli membrane. Cell, 63, 269-279.
51. Hayhurst, A. and Harris, W. J., 1999, Escherichia coli skp chaperone coexpression improves solubility and phage display of singlechain antibody fragments. Protein Expression and Purification, 15, 336-343.
52. Hirano, M., Matsuyama, S. and Tokuda, H., 1996, The carboxylterminal region is essential for SecA dimerization. Biochemistry and Biophysical Research Communications, 229, 90-95.
53. Huang, S., Ratliff, K. S. and Matouschek, A., 2002, Protein unfolding by the mitochondrial membrane potential. Nature Structure Biology, 9, 301-307.
54. Huie, J. L. and Silhavy, T. J., 1995, Suppression of signal sequence defects and azide resistance in Escherichia coli commonly result from the same mutations in secA. Journal of Bacteriology, 177, 3518-3526.
55. Ito, K., 1992, SecY and integral membrane components of the Escherichia coli protein translocation system. Molecular Microbiology, 6, 2423-2428.
56. Johnson, A. E. and van Waes, M. A., 1999, The translocon: A dynamic gateway at the ER membrane. Annual Review of Cell Development Biology, 15, 799-842.
57. Joly, J. C. and Wickner, W., 1993, The SecA and SecY subunits of translocase are the nearest neighbors of the translocating preprotein, shielding it from phospholipids. EMBO Journal, 12, 255-263.
58. Joly, J. C., Leonard, M. R. and Wickner W. T., 1994, Subunit dynamics in Escherichia coli preprotein translocase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91, 4703-4707.
59. Karamanou, S., Vrontou, E., Sianidis, G., Baud, C., Roos, T., Kuhn, A., Politou, A. and Economou, A., 1999, A molecular switch in SecA protein couples ATP hydrolysis to protein translocation. Molecular Microbiology, 34, 1133-1145.
60. Kawaguchi, S., Muller, J., Linde, D., Kuramitsu, S., Shibata, T., Inoue, Y., Vassylyev, D. G. and Yokoyama, S., 2001, The crystal structure of the ttCsaA protein: An export-related chaperone from Thermus thermophilus. EMBO Journal, 20, 562-569.
61. Keenan, R. J., Freymann, D. M., Stroud, R. M. and Walter, P., 2001, The signal recognition particle. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 70, 755-775.
62. Kim, Y. J., Rajapandi, T. and Oliver, D. B., 1994, SecA protein is exposed to the periplasmic surface of the E. coli inner membrane in its active state. Cell, 78, 845-853.
63. Kimura, E., Akita, M., Matsuyama, S.-I. and Mizushima, S., 1991, Determination of a region in SecA that interacts with presecretory proteins in Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 206, 6600-6606.
64. Knoblauch, N. T., Rudiger, S., Schonfeld, H. J., Driessen, A. J., Schneider-Mergener, J. and Bukau, B., 1999, Substrate specificity of the SecB chaperone. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 34219-34225.
65. Koonin, E. V. and Gorbalenya, A. E., 1992, Autogenous translation regulation by Escherichia coli ATPase SecA may be mediated by an intrinsic RNA helicase activity of this protein. FEBS Letters, 298, 6-8.
66. Kourtz, L. and Oliver, D., 2000, Tyr-326 plays a critical role in controlling SecA-preprotein interaction. Molecular Microbiology, 37, 1342-1356.
67. Lammertyn, E. and Anne, J., 1998, Modifications of Streptomyces signal peptides and their effects on protein production and secretion. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 160, 1-10.
68. Lammertyn, E., Van Mellaert, L., Bijnens, A. P., Joris, B. and Anne, J., 1996, Codon adjustment to maximise heterologous gene expression in Streptomyces Iividans can lead to decreased mRNA stability and protein yield. Molecular and General Genetics, 250, 223-229.
69. Lecker, S. H., Driessen, A. J. and Wickner, W., 1990, ProOmpA contains secondary and tertiary structure prior to translocation and is shielded from aggregation by association with SecB protein. EMBO Journal, 9, 2309-2314.
70. Lilie, H., Schwarz, E. and Rudolph, R., 1998, Advances in refolding of proteins produced in E. coli. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 9,497-501.
71. Lill, R., Cunningham, K., Brundage, L. A., Ito, K., Oliver, D. and Wickner, W., 1989, SecA protein hydrolyzes ATP and is an essential component of the protein translocation ATPase of Escherichia coli. EMBO Journal, 8, 961-966.
72. Lill, R., Dowhan, W. and Wickner, W., 1990, The ATPase activity of SecA is regulated by acidic phospholipids, SecY, and the leader and mature domains of precursor proteins. Cell, 60, 271-280.
73. Lolkema, J. S., Poolman, B. and Konings, W. N., 1998, Bacterial solute uptake and efflux systems. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 1, 248-253.
74. Lu, Y., Qi, H. Y., Hyndman, J. B., Ulbrandt, N. D., Teplyakov, A., Tomasevic, N. and Bernstein, H. D., 2001, Evidence for a novel GTPase priming step in the SRP protein targeting pathway. EMBO Journal, 20, 6724-6734.
75. Macnab, R. M., 1999, The bacterial flagellum: Reversible rotary propellor and type III export apparatus. Journal of Bacteriology, 181, 7149-7153.
76. Makrides, S. C., 1996, Strategies for achieving high-level expression of genes in Escherichia coli. Microbiology Review, 60, 512-538.
77. Manting, E. H., van Der Does, C., Remigy, H., Engel, A. and Driessen, A. J., 2000, SecYEG assembles into a tetramer to form the active protein translocation channel. EMBO Journal, 19, 852-861.
78. Matouschek, A., Pfanner, N. and Voos, W., 2000, Protein unfolding by mitochondria. The Hsp70 import motor. EMBO Reports, 1, 404-410.
79. Matsumoto, G., Yoshihisa, T. and Ito, K., 1997, SecY and SecA interact to allow SecA insertion and protein translocation across the Escherichia coli plasma membrane. EMBO Journal, 16, 6384-6393.
80. Matsuyama, S., Fujita, Y. and Mizushima, S., 1993, SecD is involved in the release of translocated secretory proteins from the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. EMBO Journal, 12, 265-270.
81. Meyer, T. H., Menetret, J. F., Breitling, R., Miller, K. R., Akey, C. W. and Rapoport, T. A., 1999, The bacterial SecY/E translocation complex forms channel-like structures similar to those of the eukaryotic Sec61p complex. Journal of Molecular Biology, 285, 1789-1800.
82. Miller, A., Wang, L. and Kendall, D. A., 1998, Synthetic signal peptides specifically recognize SecA and stimulate ATPase activity in the absence of preprotein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273, 11409-11412.
83. Miller, A., Wang, L. and Kendall, D. A., 2002, SecB modulates the nucleotide-bound state of SecA and stimulates ATPase activity. Biochemistry, 41, 5325-5332.
84. Millman, J. S., Qi, H. Y., Vulcu, F., Bernstein, H. D. and Andrews, D. W., 2001, FtsY binds to the Escherichia coli inner membrane via interactions with phosphatidylethanolamine and membrane proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 25982-25989.
85. Mitchell, C. and Oliver, D., 1993, Two distinct ATP-binding domains are needed to promote protein export by Escherichia coli SecA ATPase. Molecular Microbiology, 10, 483-497.
86. Mizushima, S., 1984, Post-translational modification and processing of outer membrane prolipoproteins in Escherichia coli. Molecular Cell Biochemistry, 60, 5-15.
87. Mori, H. and Ito, K., 2001, An essential amino acid residue in the protein translocation channel revealed by targeted random mutagenesis of SecY. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 98, 5128-5133.
88. Muller, J. P., Ozegowski, J., Vettermann, S., Swaving, J., Van Wely, K. H. and Driessen, A. J., 2000, Interaction of Bacillus subtilis CsaA with SecA and precursor proteins. Biochemical Journal, 348, 367-373.
89. Neumann-Haefelin, C., Schafer, U., Muller, M. and Koch, H. G., 2000, SRP-dependent co-translational targeting and SecA-dependent translocation analyzed as individual steps in the export of a bacterial protein. EMBO Journal, 19, 6419-6426.
90. Nishiyama, K., Fukuda, A., Morita, K. and Tokuda, H., 1999, Membrane deinsertion of SecA underlying proton motive force-dependent stimulation of protein translocation. EMBO Journal, 18, 1049-1058.
91. Nishiyama, K., Suzuki, T. and Tokuda, H., 1996, Inversion of the membrane topology of SecG coupled with SecA-dependent preprotein translocation. Cell, 85, 71-81.
92. Nouwen, N., de Kruijff, B. and Tommassen, J., 1996, prIA suppressors in Escherichia coli relieve the proton electrochemical gradient dependency of translocation of wild-type precursors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 93, 5953-5957.
93. Nouwen, N., van der Laan, M. and Driessen, A. J., 2001, SecDFyajC is not required for the maintenance of the proton motive force. FEBS Letters, 508, 103-106.
94. Paetzel, M., Dalbey, R. E. and Strynadka, N. C., 2000, The structure and mechanism of bacterial type I signal peptidases. A novel antibiotic target. Pharmacology and Therapy, 87, 27-49.
95. Paetzel, M., Dalbey, R. E. and Strynadka, N. C., 2002, Crystal structure of a bacterial signal peptidase apoenzyme. Implications for signal peptide binding and the ser-lys dyad mechanism. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 9512-9519.
96. Park, S. K., Kim, D. W., Choe, J. and Kim, H., 1997, RNA helicase activity ofEscherichia coli SecA protein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 235, 593-597.
97. Pozidis, C., Lammertyn, E., Politou, A. S., Anne, J., Tsiftsoglou, A. S., Sianidis, G. and Economou, A., 2001, Protein secretion biotechnology using Streptomyces lividans: Large-scale production of functional trimeric tumor necrosis factor alpha. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 72, 611-619.
98. Price, A., Economou, A., Duong, F. and Wickner, W., 1996, Separable ATPase and membrane insertion domains of the SecA subunit of preprotein translocase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 31580-31584.
99. Ramamurthy, V. and Oliver, D. B., 1997, Topology of the integral membrane form of Escherichia coli SecA protein reveals multiple periplasmically exposed regions and modulation by ATP binding. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272, 23239-23246.
100. Randall, L. L., Hardy, S. J., Topping, T. B., Smith, V. F., Bruce, J. E. and Smith, R. D., 1998, The interaction between the chaperone SecB and its ligands: Evidence for multiple subsites for binding. Protein Science, 7, 2384-2390.
101. Randall, L. L., Topping, T. B. and Hardy, S. J., 1990, No specific recognition of leader peptide by SecB, a chaperone involved in protein export. Science, 248, 860-863.
102. Rizzitello, A. E., Harper, J. R. and Silhavy, T. J., 2001, Genetic evidence for parallel pathways of chaperone activity in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology, 183, 6794-6800.
103. Roos, T., Kiefer, D., Hugenschmidt, S., Economou, A. and Kuhn, A., 2001, Indecisive M13 procoat protein mutants bind to SecA but do not activate the translocation ATPase, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 37909-37915.
104. Samuelson, J. C., Chen, M., Jiang, F., Moller, I., Wiedmann, M., Kuhn, A., Phillips, G. J. and Dalbey, R. E., 2000, YidC mediates membrane protein insertion in bacteria. Nature, 406, 637-641.
105. Schafer, U., Beck, K. and Muller, M., 1999, Skp, a molecular chaperone of gram-negative bacteria, is required for the formation of soluble periplasmic intermediates of outer membrane proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 24567-24574.
106. Schatz, P. J., Bieker, K. L., Ottemann, K. M., Silhavy, T. J. and Beckwith, J., 1991, One of three transmembrane stretches is sufficient for the functioning of the SecE protein, a membrane component of the E. coli secretion machinery. EMBO Journal, 10, 1749-1757.
107. H+ and ATP function at different steps of the catalytic cycle of preprotein translocase. Cell, 64, 927-939.
108. Schmidt, M, O., Brosh, R. M. Jr and Oliver, D. B., 2001, Escherichia coli SecA helicase activity is not required in vivo for efficient protein translocation or autogenous regulation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 37076-37085.
109. Scotti, P. A., Urbanus, M. L., Brunner, J., de Gier, J. W., von Heijne, G., van der Does, C., Driessen, A. J., Oudega, B. and Luirink, J., 2000, YidC, the Escherichia coli homologue of mitochondrial Oxa1p, is a component of the Sec translocase. EMBO Journal, 19, 542-549.
110. Shilton, B., Svergun, D. I., Volkov, V. V., Koch, M. H. J., Cusack, S. and Economou, A., 1998, Escherichia coli SecA shape and dimensions. FEBS Letters, 436, 277-282.
111. Shimizu, H., Nishiyama, K. and Tokuda, H., 1997, Expression of gpsA encoding biosynthetic sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase suppresses both the LB-phenotype of a secB null mutant and the cold-sensitive phenotype of a secG null mutant. Molecular Microbiology, 26, 1013-1021.
112. Shinkai, A., Mei, L. H., Tokuda, H. and Mizushima, S., 1991, The conformation of SecA, as revealed by its protease sensitivity, is altered upon interaction with ATP, resecretory proteins, everted membrane vesicles, and phospholipids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 266, 5827-5833.
113. Shiozuka, K., Tani, K., Mizushima, S. and Tokuda, H., 1990, The proton motive force lowers the level of ATP required for the in vitro translocation of a secretory protein in Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265, 18843-18847.
114. Sianidis, G., Karamanous, S., Vrontou, E., Boulias, K., Repanas, K., Kyrpides, N., Politou, A. S. and Economou, A., 2001, Cross-talk between catalytic and regulatory elements in a DEAD motor domain is essential for SecA function. EMBO Journal, 20, 961-970.
115. Simmons, L. C. and Yansura, D. G., 1996, Translational level is a critical factor for the secretion of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli. Nature Biotechnology, 14, 629-634.
116. Snyders, S., Ramamurthy, V. and Oliver, D., 1997, Identification of a region of interaction between Escherichia coli SecA and SecY proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272, 11302-11306.
117. Sugie, Y., Inagaki, S., Kato, Y., Nishida, H., Pang, C. H., Saito, T., Sakemi, S., Dib-Hajj, F., Mueller, J. P., Sutcliffe, J. and Kojima, Y., 2002, CJ-21,058, a new SecA inhibitor isolated from a fungus. Journal of Antibiotics (Tokyo), 55, 25-29.
118. Swartz, J. R., 2001, Advances in Escherichia coli production of therapeutic proteins. Current Opinion Biotechnology, 12, 195-201.
119. Triplett, T. L., Sgrignoli, A. R., Gao, F. B., Yang, Y. B., Tai, P. C. and Gierasch, L. M., 2001, Functional signal peptides bind a soluble N-terminal fragment of SecA and inhibit its ATPase activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 19648-19655.
120. van der Wolk, J. P., de Wit, J. G. and Driessen, A. J., 1997, The catalytic cycle of the Escherichia coli SecA ATPase comprises two distinct preprotein translocation events. EMBO Journal, 16, 7297-7304
121. van Voorst, F., van der Does, C., Brunner, J., Driessen, A. J. and de Kruijff, B., 1998, Translocase-bound SecA is largely shielded from the phospholipid acyl chains. Biochemistry, 37, 12261-12268.
122. van Voorst, F., Vereyken, I. J. and de Kruijff, B., 2000, The high affinity ATP binding site modulates the SecA-precursor interaction. FEBS Letters, 486, 57-62.
123. van Wely, K. H., Swaving, J., Klein, M., Freudl, R. and Driessen, A. J., 2000, The carboxyl terminus of the Bacillus subtilis SecA is dispensable for protein secretion and viability. Microbiology, 146, 2573-2581.
124. Walker, J. E., Saraste, M., Runswick, M. J. and Gay, N. J., 1982, Distantly related sequences in the alpha- and beta-subunits of ATP synthase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold. EMBO Journal, 1, 945-951.
125. Weinkauf, S., Hunt, J. F., Scheuring, J., Henry, L., Fak, J., Oliver, D. B. and Deisenhofer, J., 2001, Conformational stabilization and crystallization of the SecA translocation ATPase from Bacillus subtilis. Acta Crystallographica D - Biological Crystallography, 57, 559-565.
126. Wickner, W., Driessen, A. J. and Hartl, F. U., 1991, The enzymology of protein translocation across the Escherichia coli plasma membrane. Annual Reviews in Biochemistry, 60, 101-124.
127. Wild, J., Altman, E., Yura, T. and Gross, C. A., 1992, DnaK and DnaJ heat shock proteins participate in protein export in Escherichia coli. Genes Development, 6, 1165-1172.
128. Xu, Z., Knafels, J. D. and Yoshino, K., 2000, Crystal structure of the bacterial protein export chaperone secB. Nature Structure Biology, 7, 1172-1177.
129. Yahr, T. L. and Wickner, W. T., 2000, Evaluating the oligomeric state of SecYEG in preprotein translocase. EMBO Journal, 2000, 19, 4393-4401.
130. Yakushi, T., Masuda, K., Narita, S., Matsuyama, S. and Tokuda, H., 2000, A new ABC transporter mediating the detachment of lipid-modified proteins from membranes. Nature Cell Biology, 2, 212-218.
131. Yamada, H., Matsuyama, S.-I., Tokuda, H. and Mizushima, S., 1989a, A high concentration of SecA allows proton motive force-independent translocation of a model secretory protein into Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264, 18577-18581.
132. Yamada, H., Tokuda, H. and Mizushima, S., 1989b, Proton motive force-dependent and -independent protein translocation revealed by an efficient in vitro assay system of Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264, 1723-1728.