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1
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0029828233
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Strategies for achieving high-level expression of genes in Escherichia coli
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Makrides SC Strategies for achieving high-level expression of genes in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev. 60:1996;512-538.
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(1996)
Microbiol Rev
, vol.60
, pp. 512-538
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Makrides, S.C.1
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2
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0031659852
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Timing, self-control and a sense of direction are the secrets of multicopy plasmid stability
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An excellent review of the mechanisms through which multicopy plasmids (primarily ColE1) are stably maintained in E. coli.
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Summers D Timing, self-control and a sense of direction are the secrets of multicopy plasmid stability. Mol Microbiol. 29:1998;1137-1145. An excellent review of the mechanisms through which multicopy plasmids (primarily ColE1) are stably maintained in E. coli.
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(1998)
Mol Microbiol
, vol.29
, pp. 1137-1145
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Summers, D.1
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3
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0032077537
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Repressor titration: A novel system for selection and stable maintenance of recombinant plasmids
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This paper describes a new approach for stable maintenance of multicopy plasmids. A plasmid-borne lac operator titrates chromosomal LacI, leading to the constitutive expression of a chromosomally encoded kanamycin gene preceded by a lacO/P control region. Only plasmid-containing cells survive in medium supplemented with kanamycin. The authors highlight the fact that the system may be particularly useful for producing plasmid vectors for gene therapy.
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Williams SG, Cranenburgh RM, Weiss AME, Wrighton CJ, Sherratt DJ, Hanak JAJ Repressor titration: a novel system for selection and stable maintenance of recombinant plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:1998;2120-2124. This paper describes a new approach for stable maintenance of multicopy plasmids. A plasmid-borne lac operator titrates chromosomal LacI, leading to the constitutive expression of a chromosomally encoded kanamycin gene preceded by a lacO/P control region. Only plasmid-containing cells survive in medium supplemented with kanamycin. The authors highlight the fact that the system may be particularly useful for producing plasmid vectors for gene therapy.
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(1998)
Nucleic Acids Res
, vol.26
, pp. 2120-2124
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Williams, S.G.1
Cranenburgh, R.M.2
Weiss, A.M.E.3
Wrighton, C.J.4
Sherratt, D.J.5
Hanak, J.A.J.6
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4
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0032212607
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High-level expression of eukaryotic polypeptides from bacterial chromosomes
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An entertaining article documenting approaches that can be used to circumvent broad patent claims protecting E. coli expression systems. A strain containing T7 RNA polymerase under lac transcriptional control is constructed by first introducing a defective version of T7 gene 1 within the chromosomal lac operon and rescuing it through homologous recombination with the missing fragment from the same gene. A strategy for multiple integration of heterologous genes in the chromosome which does not require that the gene be plasmid-borne, or that gene and promoter be 'operably linked' is also described. This paper should significantly reduce claim language plagiarism and force patent lawyers to become more creative.
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Olson P, Zhang Y, Olsen D, Owens A, Cohen P, Nguyen K, Ye J-J, Bass S, Mascarenhas D High-level expression of eukaryotic polypeptides from bacterial chromosomes. Protein Expr Purif. 14:1998;160-166. An entertaining article documenting approaches that can be used to circumvent broad patent claims protecting E. coli expression systems. A strain containing T7 RNA polymerase under lac transcriptional control is constructed by first introducing a defective version of T7 gene 1 within the chromosomal lac operon and rescuing it through homologous recombination with the missing fragment from the same gene. A strategy for multiple integration of heterologous genes in the chromosome which does not require that the gene be plasmid-borne, or that gene and promoter be 'operably linked' is also described. This paper should significantly reduce claim language plagiarism and force patent lawyers to become more creative.
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(1998)
Protein Expr Purif
, vol.14
, pp. 160-166
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Olson, P.1
Zhang, Y.2
Olsen, D.3
Owens, A.4
Cohen, P.5
Nguyen, K.6
Ye, J.-J.7
Bass, S.8
Mascarenhas, D.9
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5
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0024392147
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Insertion and amplification of foreign genes in the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis chromosome
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Chopin M-C, Chopin A, Ronault A, Galleron M Insertion and amplification of foreign genes in the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis chromosome. Appl Environ Microbiol. 55:1989;1769-1774.
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(1989)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.55
, pp. 1769-1774
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Chopin, M.-C.1
Chopin, A.2
Ronault, A.3
Galleron, M.4
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6
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0030932409
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A method for construction of E. coli strains with multiple DNA insertions in the chromosome
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Peredelchuk MY, Bennett GN A method for construction of E. coli strains with multiple DNA insertions in the chromosome. Gene. 187:1997;231-238.
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(1997)
Gene
, vol.187
, pp. 231-238
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Peredelchuk, M.Y.1
Bennett, G.N.2
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7
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0032536841
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Spontaneous cAMP-dependent derepression of gene expression in stationary phase plays a role in recombinant expression instability
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An interesting study showing that the lac and lacUV5 promoters become activated in a cAMP-dependent fashion as uninduced cells approach stationary phase. Leaky induction is significantly reduced in cAMP-deficient (cya) mutants. It is pointed out that although early stationary phase cells are rarely used for protein production, this stage is reached on solid medium during clone selection and by a fraction of the population in liquid cultures. The use of cya mutants that exhibit enhanced expression and plasmid stability is recommended for the production of toxic proteins placed under transcriptional control of lac-derived promoters or T7 promoters relying on a lacUV5-transcribed T7 RNA polymerase.
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Grossman TH, Kawasaki ES, Punreddy SR, Osburne MS Spontaneous cAMP-dependent derepression of gene expression in stationary phase plays a role in recombinant expression instability. Gene. 209:1998;95-103. An interesting study showing that the lac and lacUV5 promoters become activated in a cAMP-dependent fashion as uninduced cells approach stationary phase. Leaky induction is significantly reduced in cAMP-deficient (cya) mutants. It is pointed out that although early stationary phase cells are rarely used for protein production, this stage is reached on solid medium during clone selection and by a fraction of the population in liquid cultures. The use of cya mutants that exhibit enhanced expression and plasmid stability is recommended for the production of toxic proteins placed under transcriptional control of lac-derived promoters or T7 promoters relying on a lacUV5-transcribed T7 RNA polymerase.
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(1998)
Gene
, vol.209
, pp. 95-103
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Grossman, T.H.1
Kawasaki, E.S.2
Punreddy, S.R.3
Osburne, M.S.4
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8
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0031764411
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Importance of using lac rather than ara promoter vectors for modulating the levels of toxic gene products in Escherichia coli
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This article re-emphasizes the importance of not using ara-driven transcription for exerting fine control over protein synthesis levels. lacUV5-based cloning vectors suitable for the (low yield) production of toxic bacterial and eukaryotic membrane proteins in uninduced cells are described.
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Hashemzadeh-Bonehi L, Mehraein-Ghomi F, Mitsopoulos C, Jacob JP, Hennessy ES, Broome-Smith JK Importance of using lac rather than ara promoter vectors for modulating the levels of toxic gene products in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 30:1998;676-678. This article re-emphasizes the importance of not using ara-driven transcription for exerting fine control over protein synthesis levels. lacUV5-based cloning vectors suitable for the (low yield) production of toxic bacterial and eukaryotic membrane proteins in uninduced cells are described.
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(1998)
Mol Microbiol
, vol.30
, pp. 676-678
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Hashemzadeh-Bonehi, L.1
Mehraein-Ghomi, F.2
Mitsopoulos, C.3
Jacob, J.P.4
Hennessy, E.S.5
Broome-Smith, J.K.6
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9
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0030759410
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Gene expression from plasmids containing the araBAD promoter at subsaturating inducer concentrations represents mixed populations
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Siegele DA, Hu JC Gene expression from plasmids containing the araBAD promoter at subsaturating inducer concentrations represents mixed populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;8168-8172.
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(1997)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.94
, pp. 8168-8172
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Siegele, D.A.1
Hu, J.C.2
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10
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0032569733
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Q1 to control expression of genes on high-copy number plasmids in Escherichia coli
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Q1 and describe methods to test this possibility.
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Q1 and describe methods to test this possibility.
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(1998)
Gene
, vol.223
, pp. 221-231
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Glascock, C.B.1
Weickert, M.J.2
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11
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0030593468
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Over-production of protein in Escherichia coli: Mutant hosts that allow synthesis of some membrane proteins and globular proteins at high levels
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Miroux B, Walker JE Over-production of protein in Escherichia coli: mutant hosts that allow synthesis of some membrane proteins and globular proteins at high levels. J Mol Biol. 260:1996;289-298.
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(1996)
J Mol Biol
, vol.260
, pp. 289-298
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Miroux, B.1
Walker, J.E.2
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12
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0001855568
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In vivo folding of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli
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J.E. Davies, A.L. Demain, G. Cohen, C.L. Hershberger, L.J. Forney, I.B. Holland, W-S Hu, J-HD Wu, D.H. Sherman, & R.C. Wilson. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology. A review of protein folding in E. coli with an emphasis on folding modulators and the usefulness of pragmatic approaches to prevent heterologous protein aggregation.
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Baneyx F In vivo folding of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Davies JE, Demain AL, Cohen G, Hershberger CL, Forney LJ, Holland IB, Hu W-S, Wu J-HD, Sherman DH, Wilson RC Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, edn 2. 1999;551-565 American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. A review of protein folding in E. coli with an emphasis on folding modulators and the usefulness of pragmatic approaches to prevent heterologous protein aggregation.
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(1999)
Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Edn 2
, pp. 551-565
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Baneyx, F.1
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13
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0033119344
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Cold-shock response and cold-shock proteins
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A review of cold-shock responses and cold-shock proteins with a focus on CspA and its homologs.
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Phadtare S, Alsina J, Inouye M Cold-shock response and cold-shock proteins. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2:1999;175-180. A review of cold-shock responses and cold-shock proteins with a focus on CspA and its homologs.
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(1999)
Curr Opin Microbiol
, vol.2
, pp. 175-180
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Phadtare, S.1
Alsina, J.2
Inouye, M.3
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14
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0031105876
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Expression of aggregation-prone recombinant proteins at low temperatures: A comparative study of the Escherichia coli cspA and tac promoter systems
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Vasina JA, Baneyx F Expression of aggregation-prone recombinant proteins at low temperatures: a comparative study of the Escherichia coli cspA and tac promoter systems. Protein Expr Purif. 9:1997;211-218.
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(1997)
Protein Expr Purif
, vol.9
, pp. 211-218
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Vasina, J.A.1
Baneyx, F.2
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15
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0032171082
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Scale-up and optimization of the low-temperature inducible cspA promoter system
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This paper examines the usefulness of fermentation and strain engineering approaches in circumventing the problem of cspA promoter repression following prolonged incubation at low temperatures. Temperature cycling and successive temperature downshifts in fermentors are found to only marginally improve yields. Host strains bearing a rbfA null mutation are shown to allow constitutive protein expression for up to seven hours after temperature downshift and their performance is validated in high density fermentations.
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Vasina JA, Peterson MS, Baneyx F Scale-up and optimization of the low-temperature inducible cspA promoter system. Biotechnol Prog. 14:1998;714-721. This paper examines the usefulness of fermentation and strain engineering approaches in circumventing the problem of cspA promoter repression following prolonged incubation at low temperatures. Temperature cycling and successive temperature downshifts in fermentors are found to only marginally improve yields. Host strains bearing a rbfA null mutation are shown to allow constitutive protein expression for up to seven hours after temperature downshift and their performance is validated in high density fermentations.
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(1998)
Biotechnol Prog
, vol.14
, pp. 714-721
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Vasina, J.A.1
Peterson, M.S.2
Baneyx, F.3
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18
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0032409982
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Upstream A-tracts increase bacterial promoter activity through interactions with the RNA polymerase α subunit
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n are shown to enhance transcription from the lac and rrnB P1 core promoters 15-20-fold when their 3′ end is located at position -40. The beneficial effect is less, however, than that conferred by the native rrnB P1 UP element and decreases when A-tracts are positioned one helical turn further upstream from the -35 hexamer. This paper also demonstrates that the α subunit of RNA polymerase is required for transcription enhancement both in vivo and in vitro.
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n are shown to enhance transcription from the lac and rrnB P1 core promoters 15-20-fold when their 3′ end is located at position -40. The beneficial effect is less, however, than that conferred by the native rrnB P1 UP element and decreases when A-tracts are positioned one helical turn further upstream from the -35 hexamer. This paper also demonstrates that the α subunit of RNA polymerase is required for transcription enhancement both in vivo and in vitro.
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(1998)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.95
, pp. 14652-14657
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Aiyar, S.E.1
Gourse, R.L.2
Ross, W.3
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19
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0032544080
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Identification of an UP element consensus sequence for bacterial promoters
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A modified SELEX procedure is used to select nucleotide sequences that enhance transcription when positioned upstream of the rrnB P1 core promoter. A group of 31 such sequences increasing transcription 136-326-fold (compared to 69-fold for the native rrnB P1 UP element) is identified and used to deduce a consensus sequence for UP elements. The best sequence increases transcription 108-fold when placed upstream of the lac core promoter (compared to 39-fold for the native rrnB P1 UP element) suggesting that engineering of UP regions will be a powerful tool to improve transcription of heterologous genes.
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Estrem ST, Gaal T, Ross W, Gourse RL Identification of an UP element consensus sequence for bacterial promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;9761-9766. A modified SELEX procedure is used to select nucleotide sequences that enhance transcription when positioned upstream of the rrnB P1 core promoter. A group of 31 such sequences increasing transcription 136-326-fold (compared to 69-fold for the native rrnB P1 UP element) is identified and used to deduce a consensus sequence for UP elements. The best sequence increases transcription 108-fold when placed upstream of the lac core promoter (compared to 39-fold for the native rrnB P1 UP element) suggesting that engineering of UP regions will be a powerful tool to improve transcription of heterologous genes.
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(1998)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.95
, pp. 9761-9766
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Estrem, S.T.1
Gaal, T.2
Ross, W.3
Gourse, R.L.4
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20
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0031691355
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Escherichia coli promoters with UP elements of different strengths: Modular structure of bacterial promoters
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R, lac, merT and RNA II on the activity of native and lac core promoters. Transcription enhancement in hybrid lac promoters spans a wide range of values (between 1.5 and 33-fold) and correlates well with the degree of homology to the UP consensus sequence. The authors conclude that E. coli promoters are modular composites of three RNA polymerase recognition elements - the UP sequence and the -35 and -10 hexamers - whose proximity to consensus determines promoter strength.
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R, lac, merT and RNA II on the activity of native and lac core promoters. Transcription enhancement in hybrid lac promoters spans a wide range of values (between 1.5 and 33-fold) and correlates well with the degree of homology to the UP consensus sequence. The authors conclude that E. coli promoters are modular composites of three RNA polymerase recognition elements - the UP sequence and the -35 and -10 hexamers - whose proximity to consensus determines promoter strength.
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(1998)
J Bacteriol
, vol.180
, pp. 5375-5383
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Ross, W.1
Aiyar, S.E.2
Salomon, J.3
Gourse, R.L.4
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21
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0032916509
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MRNA degradation: A tail of poly(A) and multiprotein machines
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A review of recent advances in the understanding of mRNA degradation that highlights differences and similarities between eubacteria and eukaryotes.
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Carpousis AJ, Vanzo NF, Raynal LC mRNA degradation: a tail of poly(A) and multiprotein machines. Trends Genet. 15:1999;24-28. A review of recent advances in the understanding of mRNA degradation that highlights differences and similarities between eubacteria and eukaryotes.
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(1999)
Trends Genet
, vol.15
, pp. 24-28
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Carpousis, A.J.1
Vanzo, N.F.2
Raynal, L.C.3
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22
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0032617132
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Degradation of mRNA in Escherichia coli: An old problem with some new twists
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An in-depth review of the mRNA degradation process in E. coli.
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Coburn GA, Mackie GA Degradation of mRNA in Escherichia coli: an old problem with some new twists. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 62:1999;55-108. An in-depth review of the mRNA degradation process in E. coli.
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(1999)
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol
, vol.62
, pp. 55-108
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Coburn, G.A.1
Mackie, G.A.2
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23
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0029958176
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Identification of the coding region for a second poly(A) polymerase in Escherichia coli
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Cao GJ, Pogliano J, Sarkar N Identification of the coding region for a second poly(A) polymerase in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;11580-11585.
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(1996)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.93
, pp. 11580-11585
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Cao, G.J.1
Pogliano, J.2
Sarkar, N.3
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24
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0028282567
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The ompA 5′ untranslated region impedes a major pathway for mRNA degradation in E. coli.
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Hansen M, Chen L, Fejzo M, Belasco J The ompA 5′ untranslated region impedes a major pathway for mRNA degradation in E. coli. Mol Microbiol. 12:1994;707-716.
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(1994)
Mol Microbiol
, vol.12
, pp. 707-716
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Hansen, M.1
Chen, L.2
Fejzo, M.3
Belasco, J.4
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25
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0032981770
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Library of synthetic 5′ secondary structures to manipulate mRNA stability in Escherichia coli
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This article examines how 10 rationally designed UTRs forming 5′ hairpins of different strengths influence the stability of lacZ transcripts to which they are fused. The mRNA half-life is influenced over an order of magnitude with wide data spread. Although there is a good correlation between increased hairpin strength and message stability for certain UTRs, others do not follow this trend. The library of 5′ UTR constructed in this study should be a useful tool to modulate gene expression in a promoter-independent fashion.
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Carrier TA, Keasling JD Library of synthetic 5′ secondary structures to manipulate mRNA stability in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Prog. 15:1999;58-64. This article examines how 10 rationally designed UTRs forming 5′ hairpins of different strengths influence the stability of lacZ transcripts to which they are fused. The mRNA half-life is influenced over an order of magnitude with wide data spread. Although there is a good correlation between increased hairpin strength and message stability for certain UTRs, others do not follow this trend. The library of 5′ UTR constructed in this study should be a useful tool to modulate gene expression in a promoter-independent fashion.
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(1999)
Biotechnol Prog
, vol.15
, pp. 58-64
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Carrier, T.A.1
Keasling, J.D.2
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26
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0032531768
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Ribonuclease E is a 5′-end dependent endonucleases
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A very elegant set of experiments that establishes several key properties of RNase E: it favors linear substrates; requires unpaired 5′ nucleotides for degradation; and cleaves RNAs with 5′ monophosphates much more efficiently than those with 5′ triphosphates. These results explain how 5′ hairpins may provide their stabilizing effect.
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Mackie GA Ribonuclease E is a 5′-end dependent endonucleases. Nature. 395:1998;720-723. A very elegant set of experiments that establishes several key properties of RNase E: it favors linear substrates; requires unpaired 5′ nucleotides for degradation; and cleaves RNAs with 5′ monophosphates much more efficiently than those with 5′ triphosphates. These results explain how 5′ hairpins may provide their stabilizing effect.
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(1998)
Nature
, vol.395
, pp. 720-723
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Mackie, G.A.1
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27
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0026532777
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Translation initiation in Escherichia coli: Sequences within the ribosome binding site
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Ringquist S, Shinedling S, Barrick D, Green L, Binkley J, Stormo GD, Gold L Translation initiation in Escherichia coli: sequences within the ribosome binding site. Mol Microbiol. 6:1992;1219-1229.
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(1992)
Mol Microbiol
, vol.6
, pp. 1219-1229
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Ringquist, S.1
Shinedling, S.2
Barrick, D.3
Green, L.4
Binkley, J.5
Stormo, G.D.6
Gold, L.7
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28
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0033537948
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Translational enhancement by an element downstream of the initiation codon in Escherichia coli
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oC. This study further shows that a Shine-Dalgarno sequence is required for proper DB function, and that the location of this element is flexible, as it functions equally well when positioned at either codon 1 or 6.
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oC. This study further shows that a Shine-Dalgarno sequence is required for proper DB function, and that the location of this element is flexible, as it functions equally well when positioned at either codon 1 or 6.
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(1999)
J Biol Chem
, vol.274
, pp. 10079-10085
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Etchegaray, J.-P.1
Inouye, M.2
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29
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0029914886
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Overexpression of an mRNA dependent on rare codons inhibits protein synthesis and cell growth
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Zahn K Overexpression of an mRNA dependent on rare codons inhibits protein synthesis and cell growth. J Bacteriol. 178:1996;2926-2933.
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(1996)
J Bacteriol
, vol.178
, pp. 2926-2933
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Zahn, K.1
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30
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0031938042
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High level, context-dependent misincorporation of lysine for arginine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a1 homeodomain expressed in Escherichia coli
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In cultures grown in minimal medium and in the presence or absence of glucose, 20-25% of the yeast a1 homeodomain is found to contain misincoporated lysine for arginine at the 115 AGA codon. Misincorporation is reduced to ~5% when cells are grown in LB broth. Mutagenesis of codon 115 for CGC reduces misincorporation to 5% in minimal medium, while overexpression of argU yields a more than 99% pure product under the same growth conditions.
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Forman MD, Stack RF, Masters PS, Hauer CR, Baxter SM High level, context-dependent misincorporation of lysine for arginine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a1 homeodomain expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Sci. 7:1998;500-503. In cultures grown in minimal medium and in the presence or absence of glucose, 20-25% of the yeast a1 homeodomain is found to contain misincoporated lysine for arginine at the 115 AGA codon. Misincorporation is reduced to ~5% when cells are grown in LB broth. Mutagenesis of codon 115 for CGC reduces misincorporation to 5% in minimal medium, while overexpression of argU yields a more than 99% pure product under the same growth conditions.
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(1998)
Protein Sci
, vol.7
, pp. 500-503
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Forman, M.D.1
Stack, R.F.2
Masters, P.S.3
Hauer, C.R.4
Baxter, S.M.5
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31
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0031157025
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Molecular chaperones, folding catalysts and the recovery of active recombinant proteins from E. coli: To fold or to refold
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Thomas JG, Ayling A, Baneyx F Molecular chaperones, folding catalysts and the recovery of active recombinant proteins from E. coli: to fold or to refold. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 66:1997;197-238.
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(1997)
Appl Biochem Biotechnol
, vol.66
, pp. 197-238
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Thomas, J.G.1
Ayling, A.2
Baneyx, F.3
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32
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0031959254
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The ins and outs of a molecular chaperone machine
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A review of the mechanism of action of the GroEL-GroES system with an emphasis on structural aspects.
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Richardson A, Landry SJ, Georgopoulos C The ins and outs of a molecular chaperone machine. Trends Biochem Sci. 23:1998;138-143. A review of the mechanism of action of the GroEL-GroES system with an emphasis on structural aspects.
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(1998)
Trends Biochem Sci
, vol.23
, pp. 138-143
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Richardson, A.1
Landry, S.J.2
Georgopoulos, C.3
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33
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0032489016
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The Hsp70 and Hsp60 chaperone machines
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An excellent review of the mechanism of action of the major cytoplasmic chaperone systems.
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Bukau B, Horwich AL The Hsp70 and Hsp60 chaperone machines. Cell. 92:1998;351-366. An excellent review of the mechanism of action of the major cytoplasmic chaperone systems.
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(1998)
Cell
, vol.92
, pp. 351-366
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Bukau, B.1
Horwich, A.L.2
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34
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0030976048
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Substrate specificity of the DnaK chaperone determined by screening cellulose-bound peptide libraries
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Rüdiger S, Germeroth L, Schneider-Mergener J, Bukau B Substrate specificity of the DnaK chaperone determined by screening cellulose-bound peptide libraries. EMBO J. 16:1997;1501-1507.
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(1997)
EMBO J
, vol.16
, pp. 1501-1507
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Rüdiger, S.1
Germeroth, L.2
Schneider-Mergener, J.3
Bukau, B.4
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35
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0031297406
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Structural and mechanistic consequences of polypetide binding by GroEL
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Coyle JE, Jaeger J, Gross M, Robinson CV, Radford SE Structural and mechanistic consequences of polypetide binding by GroEL. Fold Des. 2:1997;93-104.
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(1997)
Fold des
, vol.2
, pp. 93-104
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Coyle, J.E.1
Jaeger, J.2
Gross, M.3
Robinson, C.V.4
Radford, S.E.5
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36
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0031860811
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Chaperone coexpression plasmids: Differential and synergistic roles of DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES in assisting folding of an allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, Cryj2, in Escherichia coli
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Folding of Cryj2 is shown to depend on the synergistic action of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES systems. A ColE1-compatible plasmid encoding the dnaKJ and groESL operons under the control of differentially inducible promoters is constructed and used to characterize the effect of chaperone coexpression on the folding, degradation and aggregation of Cryj2.
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Nishihara K, Kanemori M, Kitagawa M, Yanaga H, Yura T Chaperone coexpression plasmids: differential and synergistic roles of DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES in assisting folding of an allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, Cryj2, in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:1998;1694-1699. Folding of Cryj2 is shown to depend on the synergistic action of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES systems. A ColE1-compatible plasmid encoding the dnaKJ and groESL operons under the control of differentially inducible promoters is constructed and used to characterize the effect of chaperone coexpression on the folding, degradation and aggregation of Cryj2.
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(1998)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.64
, pp. 1694-1699
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Nishihara, K.1
Kanemori, M.2
Kitagawa, M.3
Yanaga, H.4
Yura, T.5
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A set of pBR322-compatible plasmids allowing the testing of chaperone-assisted folding of proteins overexpressed in Escherichia coli
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oC. Double mutant studies indicate that IbpA/B, ClpB and HtpG play a supporting role in protein folding by cooperating with the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES systems.
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oC. Double mutant studies indicate that IbpA/B, ClpB and HtpG play a supporting role in protein folding by cooperating with the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES systems.
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mut as a solubilization partner, differences in junction domains, growth conditions and plasmid design may partially contribute to the difference.
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0033025238
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Åslund F, Beckwith J The thioredoxin superfamily: redundancy, specificity and gray area genomics. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;1375-1379. This short review of the thioredoxin superfamily of proteins (which includes thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, their reductases and the Dsb cell-envelope proteins) raises the important point that functional genomics will not be sufficient to unambiguously determine why specific proteins evolved and under what conditions apparently redundant proteins become absolutely necessary.
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0030941829
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Prinz, W.A.1
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The ClpXP and ClpAP proteases degrade proteins with carboxyl-terminal peptide tails added by the SsrA-tagging system
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This study implicates ClpXP and ClpAP as major players in the degradation of proteins that have been tagged at their carboxyl termini by the SsrA system at 32°C. The authors point out that in addition to this general housekeeping function, the Clp proteases recognize additional determinants in some of their other targets (at the amino terminus in the case of ClpAP and at the carboxyl terminus in the case of ClpXP).
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Gottesman S, Roche E, Zhou YN, Sauer RT The ClpXP and ClpAP proteases degrade proteins with carboxyl-terminal peptide tails added by the SsrA-tagging system. Genes Dev. 12:1998;1338-1347. This study implicates ClpXP and ClpAP as major players in the degradation of proteins that have been tagged at their carboxyl termini by the SsrA system at 32°C. The authors point out that in addition to this general housekeeping function, the Clp proteases recognize additional determinants in some of their other targets (at the amino terminus in the case of ClpAP and at the carboxyl terminus in the case of ClpXP).
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Gottesman, S.1
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48
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2642666491
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Degradation of carboxy-terminal-tagged cytoplasmic proteins by the Escherichia coli protease HflB (FtsH)
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This paper shows that, in addition to the Clp proteases, the inner membrane protein HflB (FtsH) participates in the degradation of SsrA-tagged proteins. HflB-mediated degradation is postulated to dominate at high temperatures and in the case of abnormal membrane proteins.
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Herman C, Thévenet D, Bouloc P, Walker GC, D'Ari R Degradation of carboxy-terminal-tagged cytoplasmic proteins by the Escherichia coli protease HflB (FtsH). Genes Dev. 12:1998;1348-1355. This paper shows that, in addition to the Clp proteases, the inner membrane protein HflB (FtsH) participates in the degradation of SsrA-tagged proteins. HflB-mediated degradation is postulated to dominate at high temperatures and in the case of abnormal membrane proteins.
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Genes Dev
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, pp. 1348-1355
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Herman, C.1
Thévenet, D.2
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D'Ari, R.5
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49
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0030024281
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Keiler KC, Waller PRH, Sauer RT Role of a peptide tagging system in the degradation of proteins synthesized from damaged messenger RNA. Science. 271:1996;990-993.
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Keiler, K.C.1
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50
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0029786163
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Protein folding in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli: Requirements for the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES molecular chaperone machines
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Thomas JG, Baneyx F Protein folding in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli: requirements for the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES molecular chaperone machines. Mol Microbiol. 21:1996;1185-1196.
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Thomas, J.G.1
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51
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0032509329
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High-level expression of soluble heterologous proteins in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli by fusion to the bacteriophage lambda head protein D
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°C. The authors emphasize the fact that, because gpD is an established partner for phage display, the system will be useful to couple the selection of heterologous proteins from libraries and their high-level expression.
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°C. The authors emphasize the fact that, because gpD is an established partner for phage display, the system will be useful to couple the selection of heterologous proteins from libraries and their high-level expression.
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Gene
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Forrer, P.1
Jaussi, R.2
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52
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0032787876
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Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein is uncommonly effective at promoting the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused
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A careful comparison of the ability of three fusion partners (MBP, GST and Trx) to inhibit the misfolding of six aggregation-prone polypeptides. MBP is found to be dramatically superior to either Trx or GST as a 'solubilizing' partner, and to exert its beneficial effect during, rather than after folding. The study also reveals that Trx fusions are marginally, but consistently more soluble than their GST counterparts. Based on the observation that MBP binds maltose within a deep hydrophobic cleft, the authors suggest that MBP may be particularly effective at promoting folding by physically sequestering hydrophobic stretches in passenger protein folding intermediates.
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Kapust RB, Waugh DS Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein is uncommonly effective at promoting the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused. Protein Sci. 8:1999;1668-1674. A careful comparison of the ability of three fusion partners (MBP, GST and Trx) to inhibit the misfolding of six aggregation-prone polypeptides. MBP is found to be dramatically superior to either Trx or GST as a 'solubilizing' partner, and to exert its beneficial effect during, rather than after folding. The study also reveals that Trx fusions are marginally, but consistently more soluble than their GST counterparts. Based on the observation that MBP binds maltose within a deep hydrophobic cleft, the authors suggest that MBP may be particularly effective at promoting folding by physically sequestering hydrophobic stretches in passenger protein folding intermediates.
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Protein Sci
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Kapust, R.B.1
Waugh, D.S.2
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0029543755
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Propeptide-mediated folding in subtilisin: The intramolecular chaperone concept
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Shinde U, Inouye M Propeptide-mediated folding in subtilisin: the intramolecular chaperone concept. Adv Exp Med Biol. 379:1996;147-154.
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Order of fusions between bacterial and mammalian proteins can determine solubility in Escherichia coli
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Sachdev D, Chirgwin JM Order of fusions between bacterial and mammalian proteins can determine solubility in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 244:1998;933-937.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
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Sachdev, D.1
Chirgwin, J.M.2
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55
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0031214792
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High level expression of soluble proteins in Escherichia coli using a His6-tag and the maltose-binding protein double-affinity fusion system
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Pryor KD, Leiting B High level expression of soluble proteins in Escherichia coli using a His6-tag and the maltose-binding protein double-affinity fusion system. Protein Expr Purif. 10:1997;309-319.
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Pryor, K.D.1
Leiting, B.2
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56
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0031984440
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Bacterial preprotein translocase: Mechanism and conformational dynamics of a processive enzyme
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A review of Sec-dependent secretion with an emphasis on the mechanism of action of SecA.
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Economou A Bacterial preprotein translocase: mechanism and conformational dynamics of a processive enzyme. Mol Microbiol. 27:1998;511-518. A review of Sec-dependent secretion with an emphasis on the mechanism of action of SecA.
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Economou, A.1
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58
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0032079702
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The Escherichia coli SRP and SecB targeting pathways converge at the translocon
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Crosslinking experiments show that upon release from the SRP-FtsY complex, model secretory proteins are found exclusively in the vicinity of SecA, SecY and SecG. This important result suggests that the multiple pathways used by the cell to bring preproteins into contact with the inner membrane (e.g. SecB-, SRP-, and generic-molecular-chaperone-dependent pathways) all employ SecA and the SecYEG translocon to mediate protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Valent QA, Scotti PA, de Gier J-WL, von Heijne G, Lentzen G, Wintermeyer W, Oudega B, Luirink J The Escherichia coli SRP and SecB targeting pathways converge at the translocon. EMBO J. 17:1998;2504-2512. Crosslinking experiments show that upon release from the SRP-FtsY complex, model secretory proteins are found exclusively in the vicinity of SecA, SecY and SecG. This important result suggests that the multiple pathways used by the cell to bring preproteins into contact with the inner membrane (e.g. SecB-, SRP-, and generic-molecular-chaperone-dependent pathways) all employ SecA and the SecYEG translocon to mediate protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane.
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EMBO J
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Valent, Q.A.1
Scotti, P.A.2
De Gier, J.-W.3
Von Heijne, G.4
Lentzen, G.5
Wintermeyer, W.6
Oudega, B.7
Luirink, J.8
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59
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0032430831
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Differential use of the signal recognition particle translocase targeting pathway for inner membrane assembly in Escherichia coli
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de Gier JWL, Scotti PA, Sääf A, Valent QA, Kuhn A, Luirink J, von Heijne G Differential use of the signal recognition particle translocase targeting pathway for inner membrane assembly in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;14646-14651.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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De Gier, J.W.L.1
Scotti, P.A.2
Sääf, A.3
Valent, Q.A.4
Kuhn, A.5
Luirink, J.6
Von Heijne, G.7
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60
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0030023780
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Combined effects of the signal sequence and the major chaperone proteins on the export of human cytokines in Escherichia coli
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Bergès H, Joseph-Liauzun E, Fayet O Combined effects of the signal sequence and the major chaperone proteins on the export of human cytokines in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 62:1996;55-60.
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Appl Environ Microbiol
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Bergès, H.1
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Fayet, O.3
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61
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0032125782
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PrlA4 prevents the rejection of signal sequence defective preproteins by stabilizing the SecA-SecY interaction during the initiation of translocation
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A long overdue explanation of why prlA4 mutations (which map in the secY gene) are such excellent suppressors of signal sequence mutations. Studies with inverted membrane vesicles (IMVs) show that SecA has a much higher affinity for the mutant form of SecY than for the wild-type version and that SecA-precursor complexes remain bound at the translocon for longer periods of time, which permits the secretion of proteins with defective (or completely absent) signal sequences. It is also observed that translocation of authentic secretory proteins increases in prlA4 IMVs due to the loss of SecA 'proofreading' function. As a result, prlA4 mutants should be powerful hosts not only to facilitate the secretion of hard to translocate proteins but also to further improve that of proteins which efficiently reach the periplasm in wild-type cells.
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van der Wolk JPW, Fekkes P, Boorsma A, Huie JL, Silhavy TJ, Driessen AJM PrlA4 prevents the rejection of signal sequence defective preproteins by stabilizing the SecA-SecY interaction during the initiation of translocation. EMBO J. 17:1998;3631-3639. A long overdue explanation of why prlA4 mutations (which map in the secY gene) are such excellent suppressors of signal sequence mutations. Studies with inverted membrane vesicles (IMVs) show that SecA has a much higher affinity for the mutant form of SecY than for the wild-type version and that SecA-precursor complexes remain bound at the translocon for longer periods of time, which permits the secretion of proteins with defective (or completely absent) signal sequences. It is also observed that translocation of authentic secretory proteins increases in prlA4 IMVs due to the loss of SecA 'proofreading' function. As a result, prlA4 mutants should be powerful hosts not only to facilitate the secretion of hard to translocate proteins but also to further improve that of proteins which efficiently reach the periplasm in wild-type cells.
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(1998)
EMBO J
, vol.17
, pp. 3631-3639
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Van Der Wolk, J.P.W.1
Fekkes, P.2
Boorsma, A.3
Huie, J.L.4
Silhavy, T.J.5
Driessen, A.J.M.6
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62
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0030893407
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Protein folding in the bacterial periplasm
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Missiakas D, Raina S Protein folding in the bacterial periplasm. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;2465-2471.
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J Bacteriol
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Missiakas, D.1
Raina, S.2
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63
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0031736826
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Expression of active human tissue type plasminogen activator in Escherichia coli
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This paper examines the effect of co-overexpressing various thiol/disulfide oxidoreductases in the E. coli periplasm on the recovery of active human tissue plaminogen activator (tPA; a protein that contains 17 disulfide bridges in its native form). The folding helpers tested include E. coli DsbA (a soluble periplasmic protein that primarily functions as a strong oxidizer), E. coli DsbC (a soluble periplasmic protein that primarily functions as a protein disulfide isomerase [PDI]), and two eukaryotic PDIs from rat and yeast. Co-overexpression of DsbC is found to greatly increase tPA recovery in both shake flasks and fermentors and the purified protein has the same specific activity as native tPA. Although the final yields are low, this study demonstrates that engineering of disulfide-bond-formation pathways holds great promise for the production of complex eukaryotic proteins in E. coli.
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Qiu J, Swartz JR, Georgiou G Expression of active human tissue type plasminogen activator in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:1998;4891-4896. This paper examines the effect of co-overexpressing various thiol/disulfide oxidoreductases in the E. coli periplasm on the recovery of active human tissue plaminogen activator (tPA; a protein that contains 17 disulfide bridges in its native form). The folding helpers tested include E. coli DsbA (a soluble periplasmic protein that primarily functions as a strong oxidizer), E. coli DsbC (a soluble periplasmic protein that primarily functions as a protein disulfide isomerase [PDI]), and two eukaryotic PDIs from rat and yeast. Co-overexpression of DsbC is found to greatly increase tPA recovery in both shake flasks and fermentors and the purified protein has the same specific activity as native tPA. Although the final yields are low, this study demonstrates that engineering of disulfide-bond-formation pathways holds great promise for the production of complex eukaryotic proteins in E. coli.
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(1998)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.64
, pp. 4891-4896
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Qiu, J.1
Swartz, J.R.2
Georgiou, G.3
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64
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2642652226
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Selection for a periplasmic factor improving phage display and functional periplasmic expression
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A systematic search for factors improving the phage display of a fusion between a poorly folding single-chain antibody fragment (ScFv) and the gene-3 protein is conducted by subcloning a genomic library on the phagemid. The only insert that favors display encodes Skp, a protein involved in outer membrane protein biogenesis. Skp co-overexpression is also shown to improve the folding of numerous ScFvs secreted in the periplasm. These important results suggests that Skp acts as a general periplasmic molecular chaperone. However, the authors caution that the effect of Skp may be indirect and related to the ability of this protein to prevent deleterious interactions between recombinant proteins and lipopolysaccharides by improving the transport of the latter species.
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Bothmann H, Plückthun A Selection for a periplasmic factor improving phage display and functional periplasmic expression. Nat Biotechnol. 16:1998;376-380. A systematic search for factors improving the phage display of a fusion between a poorly folding single-chain antibody fragment (ScFv) and the gene-3 protein is conducted by subcloning a genomic library on the phagemid. The only insert that favors display encodes Skp, a protein involved in outer membrane protein biogenesis. Skp co-overexpression is also shown to improve the folding of numerous ScFvs secreted in the periplasm. These important results suggests that Skp acts as a general periplasmic molecular chaperone. However, the authors caution that the effect of Skp may be indirect and related to the ability of this protein to prevent deleterious interactions between recombinant proteins and lipopolysaccharides by improving the transport of the latter species.
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(1998)
Nat Biotechnol
, vol.16
, pp. 376-380
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Bothmann, H.1
Plückthun, A.2
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65
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0029765609
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New components of protein folding in extracytoplasmic compartments of Escherichia coli SurA, FkpA and Skp/OmpH
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Missiakas D, Betton J-M, Raina S New components of protein folding in extracytoplasmic compartments of Escherichia coli SurA, FkpA and Skp/OmpH. Mol Microbiol. 21:1996;871-884.
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Mol Microbiol
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, pp. 871-884
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Missiakas, D.1
Betton, J.-M.2
Raina, S.3
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66
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0033117352
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Escherichia coli Skp chaperone coexpression improves solubility and phage display of single chain antibody fragments
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This study shows that Skp coexpression can greatly improve the solubility of a highly toxic ScFv secreted in the periplasm and allow its phage display. Skp accumulation is higher when the protein is synthesized from a dicistronic operon than when provided on compatible plasmids under ara transcriptional control. High levels of Skp correlate with increase ScFv solubility.
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Hayhurst A, Harris WJ Escherichia coli Skp chaperone coexpression improves solubility and phage display of single chain antibody fragments. Protein Expr Purif. 15:1999;336-343. This study shows that Skp coexpression can greatly improve the solubility of a highly toxic ScFv secreted in the periplasm and allow its phage display. Skp accumulation is higher when the protein is synthesized from a dicistronic operon than when provided on compatible plasmids under ara transcriptional control. High levels of Skp correlate with increase ScFv solubility.
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(1999)
Protein Expr Purif
, vol.15
, pp. 336-343
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Hayhurst, A.1
Harris, W.J.2
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67
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0032527831
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A new heat-shock gene, ppiD, encodes a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase required for the folding of outer membrane proteins in Escherichia coli
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PpiD, an inner-membrane anchored periplasmic PPIase belonging to the parvulin-like family, is isolated as a multicopy suppressor of surA mutations. PpiD is shown to be involved in the maturation of outer membrane proteins and double mutations in ppiD and surA are found to be lethal. By contrast, combinations of ppiD mutations with deletions in other periplasmic PPIases (ppiA or fkpA) or skp do not confer a lethal phenotype.
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Dartigalongue C, Raina S A new heat-shock gene, ppiD, encodes a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase required for the folding of outer membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. EMBO J. 17:1998;3968-3980. PpiD, an inner-membrane anchored periplasmic PPIase belonging to the parvulin-like family, is isolated as a multicopy suppressor of surA mutations. PpiD is shown to be involved in the maturation of outer membrane proteins and double mutations in ppiD and surA are found to be lethal. By contrast, combinations of ppiD mutations with deletions in other periplasmic PPIases (ppiA or fkpA) or skp do not confer a lethal phenotype.
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(1998)
EMBO J
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, pp. 3968-3980
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Dartigalongue, C.1
Raina, S.2
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68
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0031890506
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Optimization of bacteriocin release protein (BRP)-mediated protein release by Escherichia coli: Random mutagenesis of the pCloDF13-derived gene to uncouple lethality and quasi-lysis from protein release
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Bacteriocin-release protein (BRP) is a small lipoprotein that causes the release of periplasmic proteins into the growth medium when exported to the cell envelope. Its usefulness is dampened by the fact that, even when secreted from the Lpp leader peptide, accumulation of mature BRP causes turbidity decrease in liquid cultures. In this paper, BRP mutants that retain their ability to release protein into the growth medium but do not have a detrimental effect on cell growth are selected and characterized.
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van der Wal FJ, Koningstein G, ten Hagen CM, Oudega B, Luirink J Optimization of bacteriocin release protein (BRP)-mediated protein release by Escherichia coli: random mutagenesis of the pCloDF13-derived gene to uncouple lethality and quasi-lysis from protein release. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:1998;392-398. Bacteriocin-release protein (BRP) is a small lipoprotein that causes the release of periplasmic proteins into the growth medium when exported to the cell envelope. Its usefulness is dampened by the fact that, even when secreted from the Lpp leader peptide, accumulation of mature BRP causes turbidity decrease in liquid cultures. In this paper, BRP mutants that retain their ability to release protein into the growth medium but do not have a detrimental effect on cell growth are selected and characterized.
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(1998)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.64
, pp. 392-398
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-
Van Der Wal, F.J.1
Koningstein, G.2
Ten Hagen, C.M.3
Oudega, B.4
Luirink, J.5
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69
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0032190602
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TolAIII co-overexpression facilitates the recovery of periplasmic recombinant proteins into the growth medium of Escherichia coli
-
E. coli strains bearing mutations in the tolQRAB gene cluster or certain other cell envelope proteins spontaneously release periplasmic proteins in the extracellular medium. Unfortunately, these bacteria are fragile and not amenable to high density fermentation. In this study, a ColE1-compatible plasmid encoding the third topological domain of TolA (TolAIII) is used to mimic the 'leaky' phenotype of tolA mutants. The usefulness of TolAIII coexpression in promoting the efficient release of resident and recombinant periplasmic proteins is demonstrated. It is noted that although this strategy reduces the total levels of recombinant β-lactamase secreted from the ompA leader, formation of periplasmic inclusion bodies is completely abolished.
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Wan EW, Baneyx F TolAIII co-overexpression facilitates the recovery of periplasmic recombinant proteins into the growth medium of Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif. 14:1998;13-22. E. coli strains bearing mutations in the tolQRAB gene cluster or certain other cell envelope proteins spontaneously release periplasmic proteins in the extracellular medium. Unfortunately, these bacteria are fragile and not amenable to high density fermentation. In this study, a ColE1-compatible plasmid encoding the third topological domain of TolA (TolAIII) is used to mimic the 'leaky' phenotype of tolA mutants. The usefulness of TolAIII coexpression in promoting the efficient release of resident and recombinant periplasmic proteins is demonstrated. It is noted that although this strategy reduces the total levels of recombinant β-lactamase secreted from the ompA leader, formation of periplasmic inclusion bodies is completely abolished.
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(1998)
Protein Expr Purif
, vol.14
, pp. 13-22
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Wan, E.W.1
Baneyx, F.2
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