Gene silencing

International Review of Cytology

Volumn 219, Issue , 2002, Pages 61-113

  Wassenegger, Michael ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND APPLIED ECOLOGY IME   (Germany)

Author keywords

DNA methylation; Gene silencing; Inhibitors of silencing; RNA interference; RNA directed RNA polymerase

Indexed keywords

DNA; MESSENGER RNA; RNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE;

CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CPG ISLAND; DNA METHYLATION; DNA SEQUENCE; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; EUKARYOTE EVOLUTION; GENE CONSTRUCT; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE INACTIVATION; GENE REPRESSION; GENE SILENCING; INVERTEBRATE; NEMATODE; NONHUMAN; PLANT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; REVIEW; RNA DEGRADATION; RNA SYNTHESIS; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRANSGENE; VERTEBRATE; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; EUKARYOTIC CELL; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; RNA INTERFERENCE; VIRUS;

CAENORHABDITIS; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; EUKARYOTA; MELANOGASTER;

ANIMALS; DNA METHYLATION; DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; GENE SILENCING; RNA INTERFERENCE; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; VIRUSES;

EID: 0035995283     PISSN: 00747696     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7696(02)19011-5     Document Type: Article

References (191)

1. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional plant gene silencing in response to a pathogen
2. Double-stranded RNA specifically disrupts gene expression during planarian regeneration
3. Changes in T-DNA methylation and expression are associated with phenotypic variation and plant regeneration in a crown gall tumor line
4. Disruption of the plant gene MOM releases transcriptional silencing of methylated genes
5. A calmodulin-related protein that suppresses posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants
6. Epigenetic repeat-induced gene silencing (RIGS) in Arabidopsis
7. Double-stranded RNA as a template for gene silencing
8. Flagellum ontogeny in trypanosomes studied via an inherited and regulated RNA interference system
9. Fast forward genetics on virus-induced gene silencing
10. Ectopic pairing of homologous DNA and post-transcriptional gene silencing in transgenic plants
11. The Rx gene from potato controls separate virus resistance and cell death responses
12. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference
13. Methylation meets acetylation
14. Methylation-induced repression - Belts, braces, and chromatin
15. Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana
16. DNA methylation and the regulation of the globin gene expression
17. Conserved plant genes with similarity to mammalian de novo DNA methyltransferases
18. dsRNA-mediated gene silencing in cultured Drosophila cells: A tissue culture model for the analysis of RNA interference
19. Gene silencing in worms and fungi
20. Paramutation in maize
21. Epigenetic silencing of RNA polymerase I transcription: A role for DNA methylation and histone modification in nucleolar dominance
22. Nuclear compartments and gene regulation
23. Novel pattern of DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa transgenic for the foreign gene HPH
24. Gene silencing in Neurospora crassa requires a protein homologous to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
25. Posttranscriptional gene silencing in Neurospora by a RecQ DNA helicase
26. Plants combat infection by gene silencing
27. A component of the transcriptional repressor MeCP1 is related to mammalian DNA methyltransferase and trithorax-like protein
28. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in Arabidopsis is required for posttranscriptional gene silencing mediated by a transgene but not by a virus
29. Gene silencing and virus resistance: A common mechanism
30. Transgene integration into the same chromosome location can produce alleles that express at a predictable level, or alleles that are differentially silenced
31. Suppression of β-1,3-glucanase transgene expression in homozygous plants
32. Plants as bioreactors for protein production: Avoiding the problem of transgene silencing
33. RNA silencing
34. Transgenes and gene suppression: Telling us something new?
35. DNA methylation models histone acetylation
36. RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs
37. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
38. Expression of single copies of a strongly expressed 35S transgene can be silenced post-transcriptionally
39. Suppression of virus accumulation in transgenic plants exhibiting silencing of nuclear genes
40. The Trithorax-like gene encodes the Drosophila GAGA factor
41. Reduced DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana results in abnormal plant development
42. RNA-triggered gene silencing
43. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
44. Repetitive DNA and chromosome evolution in plants
45. A functional enhancer suppresses silencing of a transgene and prevents its localization close to centromeric heterochromatin
46. Gene silencing and homology-dependent gene silencing in Arabidopsis: Genetic modifiers and DNA methylation
47. Repeat-induced gene silencing in mammals
48. Genetic and biochemical dissection of transgenic RNA-mediated virus resistance
49. DNA of Drosophila melanogaster contains 5-methylcytosine
50. Targeted transformation of Ascobolus immerss and de novo methylation of the resulting duplicated DNA sequences
51. Genetic requirements for inheritance of RNAi in C elegans
52. Epigenetic developmental mechanisms in plants: Molecules and targets of plant epigenetic regulation
53. A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants
54. An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells
55. Gene silencing by double-stranded RNA
56. The role of cytosine methylation in the control of nopaline synthase gene expression in a plant tumor
57. Transgene copy number can be positively or negatively associated with transgene expression
58. Interaction of the bacteriophage P1 recombinase Cre with the recombining site IoxP
59. Stochastic and nonstochastic post-transcriptional silencing of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase genes involves increased RNA tumover - Possible role for ribosome-independent RNA degradation
60. Recognition and silencing of repeated DNA
61. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of stably and unstably expressed transgene loci in tobacco
62. Posttranscriptional silencing of reporter transgenes in tobacco correlates with DNA methylation
63. Post-transcriptional beta-1,3-glucanase gene silencing involves increased transcript turnover that is translation-independent
64. A single chimeric transgene derived from two distinct viruses confers multi-virus resistance in transgenic plants through homology-dependent gene silencing
65. Maintenance of genomic methylation requires a SWI2/SNF2-like protein
66. De novo methylation and co-suppression induced by a cytoplasmically replicating plant RNA virus
67. RNA-DNA interactions and DNA methylation in post-transcriptional gene silencing
68. RNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing in plants can be inherited independently of the RNA trigger and requires Met1 for maintenance
69. Relationships between chromatin organization and DNA methylation in determining gene expression
70. Methylated DNA and MeCP2 recruit histone deacetylase to repress transcription
71. Chalcone synthase co-suppression phenotypes in Petunia flowers: Comparison of sense vs. antisense constructs and single-copy vs. complex T-DNA sequences
72. An RNA-based information superhighway in plants
73. MeCP2 driven transcriptional repression in vitro: Selectivity for methylated DNA, action at a distance and contacts with the basal transcription machinery
74. Use of dsRNA-mediated genetic interference to demonstrate that frizzled and frizzled 2 act in the wingless pathway
75. Listening to the silent genes: Transgene silencing, gene regulation and pathogen control
76. Drug-induced hypomethylation of a posttranscriptionally silenced transgene locus of tobacco leads to partial release of silencing
77. Cytoplasmic inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis with virus-derived RNA
78. Double-stranded RNA injection produces null phenotypes in Zebrafish
79. Induction of a highly specific antiviral state in transgenic plants: Implications for regulation of gene expression and virus resistance
80. RNAi as random degradative PCR: siRNA primers convert mRNA into dsRNAs that are degraded to generate new siRNAs
81. Virus-encoded suppressor of pc, sttranscriptional gene silencing targets a maintenance step in the silencing pathway
82. Silencing of developmental genes in Hydra
83. Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing by a plant viral protein localized in the nucleus
84. Histone acetylation: Lessons from the plant kingdom
85. HC-Pro suppression of transgene silencing eliminates the small RNAs but not transgene methylation or the mobile signal
86. RNA viruses as inducers, suppressors and targets of post-transcriptional gene silencing
87. The house & garden guide to chromatin remodelling
88. Position effects and epigenetic silencing of plant transgenes
89. Reversible methylation and inactivation of marker genes in sequentially transformed tobacco plants
90. Homology-dependent gene silencing in transgenic plants: Epistatic silencing loci contain multiple copies of methylated transgenes
91. Demethylation of the zygotic paternal genome
92. Production of aberrant promoter transcripts contributes to methylation and silencing of unlinked homologous promoters in trans
93. Transcriptional silencing and promoter methylation triggered by double-stranded RNA
94. Resistance of RNA-mediated TGS to HC-Pro, a viral suppressor of PTGS, suggests alternative pathways for dsRNA processing
95. The role of chromatin remodeling in transgene silencing and plant development
96. Transcriptional transgene silencing and chromatin components
97. Chromatin remodelling
98. Evidence for cytosine methylation of non-symmetrical sequences in transgenic Petunia hybrida
99. Short TpA-rich segments of the ζ η region induce DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa
100. The RNA world in plants: Post-transcriptional control III
101. Release of epigenetic gene silencing by trans-acting mutations in Arabidopsis
102. Mobilization of transposons by a mutation abolishing full DNA methylation in Arabidopsis
103. Double-stranded RNA as a mediator in sequence-specific genetic silencing and co-suppression
104. RNA as a target of double-stranded RNA-mediated genetic interference in Caenorhabditis elegans
105. DNA methylation and chromatin structure affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional transgene silencing in Arabidopsis
106. Arabidopsis SGS2 and SGS3 genes are required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and natural virus resistance
107. Analysis of hypermethylation in the RPS element suggests a signal function for short inverted repeats in de novo methylation
108. Homology dependent resistance: Transgenic virus resistance in plants related to homology-dependent gene silencing
109. Identification of Arabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA6 mutants that affect transgene expression
110. Role of inverted DNA repeats in transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing
111. MeCP2 is a transcriptional repressor with abundant binding sites in genomic chromatin
112. Transcriptional repression by methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 involves a histone deacetylase complex
113. Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into Petunia results in reversible co-suppression of homologous genes in trans
114. MBD2 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the MeCP1 histone deacetylase complex
115. Active repression of methylated genes by the chromosomal protein MBD1
116. Double-stranded RNA induces mRNA degradation in Trypanosoma brucei
117. ATP requirements and small interfering RNA structure in the RNA interference pathway
118. Cloning and characterization of a family of novel mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases
119. Activation of systemic silencing by localised introduction of DNA
120. Systemic acquired silencing: Transgene-specific post-transcriptional silencing is transmitted by grafting from silenced stocks to non-silenced scions
121. Nontarget DNA sequences reduce the transgene length necessary for RNA-mediated topovirus resistance in transgenic plant
122. Replicating potato spindle tuber viroid RNA is accompanied by short RNA fragments that are characteristic of post-transcriptional gene silencing
123. Functional anatomy of a dsRNA trigger: Differential requirement for the two trigger strands in RNA interference
124. Heavy de novo methylation at symmetrical and non-symmetrical sites is a hallmark of RNA-directed DNA methylation
125. The SWI-SNF complex: A chromatin remodeling machine?
126. Nucleolar dominance and silencing of transcription
127. Characterization of carrot nuclear proteins that exhibit specific binding affinity towards conventional and non-conventional DNA methylation
128. The frequency and degree of cosuppression by sense chalcone synthase transgenes are dependent on transgene promoter strength and are reduced by premature nonsense codons in the transgene coding sequence
129. A similarity between viral defense and gene silencing in plants
130. Gene silencing without DNA:RNA-mediated cross-protection between viruses
131. Tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing
132. CpG methylation, chromatin structure and gene silencing - A three-way connection
133. Genomic imprinting: Parental influence on the genome
134. Dissecting de novo methylation
135. Initiation and maintenance of virus-induced gene silencing
136. Reversible inactivation of a transgene in Arabidopsis thaliana
137. Gene inactivation in Arabidopsis thaliana is not accompanied by an accumulation of repeat-induced point mutations
138. Isolation of a RNA-directed RNA polymerase specific cDNA clone from tomato leaf-tissue mRNA
139. Double-stranded RNA interferes with gene function at the single-cell level in cereals
140. Premeiotic instability of repeated sequences in Neurospora crassa
141. Trichostatin A causes selective loss of DNA methylation in Neurospora
142. Dense nonsymmetrical DNA methylation resulting from repeat-induced point mutation in Neurospora
143. RNA interference - 2001
144. DNA methylation represses transcription in vivo
145. Post-transcriptional gene-silencing: RNAs on the attack or on the defense?
146. RNA-mediated virus resistance: Role of repeated transgenes and delineation of targeted regions
147. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related
148. On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA-triggered gene silencing
149. EGO-1 is related to RNA-directed RNA polymerase and functions in germline development and RNA interference in C. elegans
150. Expression of a truncated tomato polygalacturonase gene inhibits expression of the endogenous gene in transgenic plants
151. Transgenic plant virus resistance mediated by untranslatable sense RNAs: Expression, regulation, and fate of nonessential RNAs
152. Graft transmission of post-transcriptional gene silencing: Target specificity for RNA degradation is transmissible between silenced and non-silenced plants, but not between silenced plants
153. Homology-dependent virus resistance in transgenic plants with coat protein gene of sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus: Target specificity and transgene methylation
154. Post-transcriptional silencing of chalcone synthase in Petunia by inverted transgene repeats
155. Position-dependent methylation and transcriptional silencing of transgenes in inverted T-DNA repeats: Implications for posttranscriptional silencing of homologous host genes in plants
156. Endogenous targets of transcriptional gene silencing in Arabidopsis
157. The rde-1 gene, RNA interference, and transposon silencing in C. elegans
158. Blocking histone deacetylase in Arabidopsis induces pleiotropic effects on plant gene regulation
159. The establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns in mouse somatic cells
160. RNA interference and small interfering RNAs
161. Targeted mRNA degradation by double-stranded RNA in vitro
162. Sensitive assay of RNA interference in Drosophila and Chinese hamster cultured cells using firefly luciferase gene as target
163. Transgene-mediated suppression of chalcone synthase expression in Petunia hybrida results from an increase in RNA turnover
164. Flavonoid genes in Petunia: Addition of a limited number of gene copies may lead to a suppression of gene expression
165. Identification of a general silencer for 19S and 35S promoters in a transgenic tobacco plant: 90 bp of homology in the promoter sequence are sufficient for trans-inactivation
166. Promoter-dependent trans-inactivation in transgenic tobacco plants: Kinetic aspects of gene silencing and gene reactivation
167. A transcriptionally active state is required for post-transcriptional silencing (co-suppression) of nitrate reductase host genes and transgenes
168. Transgene-induced gene silencing in plants
169. Systemic spread of sequence-specific transgene RNA degradation in plants is initiated by localized introduction of ectopic promoterless DNA
170. Suppression of gene silencing: A general strategy used by diverse DNA and RNA viruses of plants
171. A viral movement protein prevents spread of the gene silencing signal in Nicotiana benthamiana
172. Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation mutants
173. Mi-2 complex couples DNA methylation to chromatin remodelling and histone deacetylase
174. High-efficiency silencing of a β-glucuonidase gene in rice is correlated with repetitive transgene structure but is independent of DNA methylation
175. RNA-directed DNA methylation
176. A model for RNA-mediated gene silencing in higher plants
177. Signalling in gene silencing
178. RNA-directed de novo methylation of genomic sequences in plants
179. Virus resistance and gene silencing in plants can be induced by simultaneous expression of sense and antisense RNA
180. Virus resistance and gene silencing: Killing the messenger
181. Cytosine methylation prevents binding to DNA of a HeLa cell transcription factor required for optimal expression of the adenovirus late promoter
182. Nucleosome mobilization catalysed by the yeast SWI/SNF complex
183. Specific interference with gene function by double-stranded RNA in early mouse development
184. Transcriptional control - Sinful repression
185. Transcriptional repression by the SMRT-mSin3A corepressor, multiple interactions, multiple mechanism, and a potential role for TFIIB
186. Functional analysis of a RPD3 histone deacetylase homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana
187. Evidence that processed small dsRNAs may mediate sequence-specific mRNA degradation during RNAi in Drosophila embryos
188. RIGS (repeat-induced gene silencing) in Arabidopsis is transcriptional and alters chromatin configuration
189. Histone deacetylase-independent transcriptional repression by methyl-CpG-binding protein 2
190. RNAi: Double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals
191. Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation