Current concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury

FASEB Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 1335-1349

  Tsukamoto, Hidekazu ^a,b   Lu, Shelly C ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Department of Pathology ^*  (United States)

^c Div of Gastrointest and Liver Dis   (United States)

Author keywords

ALD; Antioxidants; Ethanol; Mitochondria

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ANTIOXIDANT; GLUTATHIONE;

ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIVER CELL; LIVER INJURY; LIVER MITOCHONDRION; LIVER SINUSOID; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STELLATE CELL;

CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP2E1; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; LIVER; LIVER DISEASES, ALCOHOLIC; MACROPHAGES; METHIONINE; MITOCHONDRIA;

EID: 0035013288     PISSN: 08926638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0650rev     Document Type: Review

References (161)

1. Ethanol feeding and choline deficiency as influences on hepatic choline uptake
2. Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on liver enzyme changes reduced by thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine or choline deficiency
3. A new experimental approach in the study of chronic alcoholism. II. Effects of high alcohol retake in rats fed diets of various adequacies
4. Alcohol, diet, and experimental hepatic injury
5. Effect of alcohol on choline requirement. I changes in rat liver after prolonged ingestion of alcohol
6. Protein-calorie malnutrition associated with alcoholic hepatitis. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic Hepatitis
7. Dietary factors in the progression and regression of hepatic alterations associated with experimental chronic alcoholism
8. Effect of a single intoxication dose of alcohol on the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient diet or a commercial ration
9. Fatty liver, hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia produced by prolonged alcohol consumption, despite adequate dietary intake
10. Sequential production of fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis in sub-human primates fed ethanol with adequate diets
11. Changes in cytochromes P4502E1, 2B1,4A, phospholipase A and C in intragastric feeding rat model for alcoholic liver disease: Relationships to dietary fats and pathologic liver injury
12. Effects of dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT) on ethanol induced mitochondrial GSH depletion in rat liver and pancreas
13. Selective glutathione depletion of mitochondria by ethanol sensitizes hepatocytes to tumor necrosis factor
14. Experimental liver cirrhosis induced by alcohol and iron
15. Iron primes hepatic macrophages for NF-κB activation in alcoholic liver injury
16. Covalent binding of acetaldehyde to proteins: Participation of lysine residues
17. Acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde administration
18. Soluble proteins modified with acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde are immunogenic in the absence of adjuvant
19. Detection of circulation antibodies to malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts in ethanol-fed rats
20. Mechanisms of hydroxyl radical formation and ethanol oxidation by ethanol-inducible and other forms of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450
21. Pole of cytochrome P-450 2E1 in ethanol-carbon tetrachloride-and iron-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation
22. Tat liver microsomal NADPH-supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-4500IIE1)
23. Characterization of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system of hamster liver mixenobiotics
24. Immunochemical evidence for induction of the alcohol-oxidizing cytochrome P-450 of rabbit liver microsomes by diverse agents: Ethanol, imidazole, trichloroethylene, acetone, pyrazole, and isoniazid
25. Ethanol cytotoxicity to a transfected HepG2 cell line expressing human cytochrome P4502E1
26. Differential role for ethanol and acetaldehyde in the induction of oxidative stress in HEP G2 cells: Effect on transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB
27. Modulation of experimental alcohol-induced liver disease by cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitors
28. CYP2E1 is not involved in early alcohol-induced liver injury
29. Gadolinium chloride blocks alcohol-dependent liver toxicity in rats treated chronically with intragastric alcohol despite the induction of CYP2E1
30. Methionine metabolism in mammals
31. S-adenosylmethionine and the liver
32. S-adenosylmethionine synthesis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications
33. S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolism in isolated rat liver. Effects of L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and adenosine
34. Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis
35. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease
36. Induction of TIMP-1 expression in rat hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes: A new role for homocysteine in liver fibrosis
37. Characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding human liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase: Tissue-specific gene expression and mRNA levels in hepatopathies
38. Consensus nomenclature for the mammalian methionine adenosyltransferase genes and gene products
39. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes in developmental liver
40. Differential expression pattern of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoenzymes during rat liver development
41. Changes in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in human liver cancer: Molecular characterization and significance
42. Changes in methionine adenosyltransferase during liver regeneration in the rat
43. Differential effect of thioacetamide on hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase expression in the rat
44. Differential expression of methionine adenosyltransferase genes influences the rate of growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
45. S-adenosylmethionine
46. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Adaptation to methionine excess
47. Fractionation and kinetic properties of rat liver and kidney methionine adenosyltransferase isozymes
48. S-adenosylmethionine synthetase from human lymphocytes. Purification and characterization
49. Expression and functional interaction of the catalytic and regulatory subunits of human methionine adenosyltransferase in mammalian cells
50. Rate of disappearance from plasma of intravenously administered methionine in patients with liver damage
51. Evidence for impairment of trans-sulfuration pathway in cirrhosis
52. Specific loss of the high-molecular-weight form of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase in human liver cirrhosis
53. S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase and phospholipid methyltransferase are inhibited in human cirrhosis
54. Effects of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease
55. Inhibition of glutathione synthesis in the liver leads to S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase reduction
56. Modulation of rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity by glutathione
57. Site-directed mutagenesis of rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. Identification of a cysteine residue critical for the oligomeric state
58. Regulation of rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase during septic shock: Role of nitric oxide
59. Interaction of liver methionine adenosyltransferase with hydroxyl radical
60. Nitric oxide inactivates rat hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase in vivo by S-nitrosylation
61. Ethanol-induced changes in methionine metabolism in rat liver
62. Ethanol-induced liver fibrosis in rats fed high fat diet
63. Changes in methionine adenosyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine homeostasis in alcoholic rat liver
64. S-adenosyl-L-methionine attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury in the baboon
65. Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity is decreased by ethanol and increased by phosphatidylcholine
66. Transport of reduced glutathione in hepatic mitochondria and mitoplasts from ethanol-treated rats: Effect of membrane physical properties and S-adenosyl-L-methionine
67. Alterations in DNA methylation: A fundamental aspect of neoplasia
68. Breaks in genomic DNA and within the p53 gene are associated with hypomethylation in livers of folate/methyl-deficient rats
69. Dietary betaine promotes generation of hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and protects the liver from ethanol-induced fatty infiltration
70. The effect of ethanol on one-carbon metabolism: Increased methionine catabolism and lipotrope methyl-group wastage
71. Ethanol feeding of micropigs alters methionine metabolism and increases hepatocellular apoptosis and proliferation
72. Increased 4-hydroxynonenal levels in experimental alcoholic liver disease: Association of lipid peroxidation with liver fibrogenesis
73. Effect of type of dietary fat and ethanol on antioxidant enzyme mRNA induction in rat liver
74. In vitro inactivation of mammalian methionine synthase by nitric oxide
75. Reduced mRNA abundance of the main enzymes involved in methionine metabolism in human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
76. Increased production of reactive oxygen species by rat liver mitochondria after chronic ethanol treatment
77. Direct effect of ceramide on the mitochondrial electron transport chain leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. Role of mitochondrial glutathione
78. Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione. Relationship of cytosolic glutathione to efflux and mitochondrial sequestration
79. Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats. Tracer kinetic studies in vitro and in vivo and susceptibility to oxidant stress
80. Feeding S-adenosyl-L-methionine attenuates both ethanol-induced depletion of mitochondrial glutathione and mitochondrial dysfunction in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes
81. Chronic ethanol consumption causes alterations in the structural integrity of mitochondrial DNA in aged rats
82. Ethanol-induced apoptosis in vitro
83. Potentiation by chronic ethanol treatment of the mitochondrial permeability transition
84. Centrilobular liver necrosis induced by hypoxia in chronic ethanol-fed rats
85. Obesity induces expression of uncoupling protein-2 in hepatocytes and promotes liver ATP depletion
86. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces uncoupling protein-2 expression in hepatocytes by a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent mechanism
87. Cytokines and alcoholic liver disease
88. 2+ mobilization in rat hepatocytes
89. Chronic ethanol ingestion impairs TGF-alpha-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation
90. Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on cytokine regulation of regeneration
91. Hepatocyte growth factor leads to recovery from alcohol-induced in rats
92. Inactivation of Kupffer cells prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury
93. Kupffer cell depletion abolishes induction of interleukin-10 and permits sustained overexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger RNA in the regeneration rat liver
94. Bile ducts and portal and central veins are major producers of tumor necrosis factor alpha in regeneration rat liver
95. Antibiotics prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol
96. Lactobacillus feeding reduces endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver disease
97. Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alfa attenuate hepatic necrosis and inflammation caused by chronic exposure to ethanol in the rat
98. Essential role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
99. Role of defective monocyte interleukin-10 release in tumor necrosis factor-alpha overproduction in alcoholics cirrhosis
100. Interleukin 10 promoter region polymorphisms and susceptibility to advanced alcoholic liver disease
101. Association of a tumor necrosis factor promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to alcoholic steatohepatitis
102. Antioxidants attenuate nuclear factor-kappa B activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in a alcoholic hepatitis patient monocytes and rat Kupffer cells, in vitro
103. Differential expression of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes in different cell types of rat liver
104. Choline deficiency augments and antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha attenuates endotoxin-induced hepatic injury
105. S-adenosylmethionine deficiency and TNF-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury
106. S-adenosylmethionine attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the gene for tumour necrosis factor alpha
107. Leptin regulates proinflammatory immune responses
108. Gender-dependent alterations in serum leptin in alcoholic cirrhosis
109. Obesity increases sensitivity to endotoxin liver injury: Implications for the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis
110. Mitochondrial proteins that regulate apoptosis and necrosis are induced in mouse fatty liver
111. Phenotypic abnormalities in macrophages from leptin-deficient, obese mice
112. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins-DNA binding activities and promotes hepatocyte-specific gene expression during liver regeneration
113. Altered T-lymphocyte responsiveness to polyclonal cell activators is responsible for liver cell necrosis in alcohol-fed rats
114. Ethanol-altered liver-associated T cells mediate liver injury in rats administered concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
115. Chronic alcohol feeding in liquid diet or in drinking water has similar effects on electron microscopic appearance of the hepatic sinusoid in the rat
116. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell in alcoholemia and endotoxemia
117. Chronic ethanol consumption impairs receptor-mediated endocytosis of formaldehyde-treated albumin by isolated rat liver endothelial cells
118. Decreased binding of asialoglycoproteins to hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats. Consequence of both impaired synthesis and inactivation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor
119. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in experimental alcoholic liver disease: Relationship to endotoxemia and TNF alpha messenger RNA
120. Chronic alcohol intoxication induces hepatic injury through enhanced macrophage inflammatory protein-2 production and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the liver
121. Role of endotoxin in the hepatic microvascular inflammatory response to ethanol
122. Sensitization of hepatic lipocytes by high-fat diet to stimulatory effects of Kupffer cell-derived factors: Implication in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis
123. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fat on ethanol-induced I to cell activation
124. HNE interacts directly with JNK isoforms in human hepatic stellate cells
125. Manipulation of glutathione stores in rat hepatic stellate cells does not alter collagen synthesis
126. CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress induces collagen type I expression in rat hepatic stellate cells
127. Disorders of transsulfuration
128. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocystinemia in an elderly population
129. Homocysteine export from cells cultured in the presence of physiological or superfluous levels of methionine: Methionine loading of non-transformed, transformed, proliferating, and quiescent cells in culture
130. Elevated plasma homocysteine in alcoholics
131. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury is associated with global DNA hypomethylation and homocystinemia: Effect of S-adenosylmethionine treatment
132. Hyperhomocystinemia in chronic alcoholism: Correlation with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status
133. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on total plasma homocysteine level in rats
134. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Distribution of homocysteine between competing pathways
135. The pathogenesis of homocystinemia: Interruption of the coordinate regulation by S-adenosylmethionine of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine
136. Adverse vascular effects of homocysteine are modulated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor and related oxides of nitrogen
137. Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction
138. Promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by homocysteine: A link to atherosclerosis
139. Homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Enhanced collagen production and accumulation by smooth muscle cells
140. The effect of homocysteine on DNA synthesis in cultured human vascular smooth muscle
141. Homocysteine redox receptor and regulation of extracellular matrix components in vascular cells
142. The cellular basis of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanisms and treatment strategies
143. Evidence of a genetic predisposition to alcoholic cirrhosis and psychosis; twin concordances for alcoholism and its biological end points by zygosity among male veterans
144. Genetic predisposition to organ-specific endpoints of alcoholism
145. Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men
146. Aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes in Japanese alcoholics
147. CYPE2E1 and ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol dependence in Japanese
148. Polymorphism at the P450IIE1 locus is not associated with alcoholic liver disease in Caucasian men
149. S-adenosylmethionine treatment prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced S-adenosylmethionine synthetase inactivation and attenuates liver injury
150. Effects of S-adenosylmethionine on lipid peroxidation and liver fibrogenesis in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis
151. Chemoprevention of rat liver carcinogenesis by S-adenosyl-L-methionine: A long-term study
152. S-adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial
153. Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity is decreased by ethanol and increased by phosphatidylcholine
154. Phosphatidylcholine protects against fibrosis and cirrhosis in the baboon
155. Polyunsaturated lecithin prevents acetaldehyde-mediated hepatic collagen accumulation by stimulating collagenase activity in cultured lipocytes
156. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation in rat hepatic stellate cells
157. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine decreases alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the baboon
158. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine opposes the increase of cytochrome P-4502E1 by ethanol and corrects its iron-induced decrease
159. Tumor necrosis factor and alcoholic liver disease
160. Relationship of insulin resistance to protein-energy malnutrition in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: Effect of short-term nutritional support
161. Metformin reverses fatty liver disease in obese leptin-deficient mice