Secondary metabolites, dietary fiber and conjugated fatty acids as functional food ingredients against overweight and obesity

Natural Product Communications

Volumn 13, Issue 8, 2018, Pages 1073-1082

  Kasprzak, Kamila ^a   Wojtunik Kulesza, Karolina ^a   Oniszczuk, Tomasz ^b   Kuboń, Maciej ^c   Oniszczuk, Anna ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN   (Poland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES IN LUBLIN   (Poland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW   (Poland)

Author keywords

Conjugated fatty acids; Dietary fiber; Functional food; Obesity; Secondary metabolites

Indexed keywords

ALKALOID; CONJUGATED FATTY ACID; FATTY ACID; PHYTOSTEROL; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; POLYPHENOL; SECONDARY PLANT METABOLITE; TERPENOID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; DIETARY FIBER; DRUG ACTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL FOOD; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HYPERTENSION; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW BACK PAIN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; RISK REDUCTION;

EID: 85052132544     PISSN: 1934578X     EISSN: 15559475     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300836     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Chen WW, Zhang X, Huang WJ. (2016) Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review.). Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 3391–3396.
2. Tremblay MS, Pérez CE, Ardern CI, Bryan SN, Katzmarzyk PT. (2005) Obesity, overweight and ethnicity. Health Reports, 16, 23-34.
3. Rosenthal RJ, Morton J, Brethauer S, Mattar S, De Maria E, Benz JK, Titus J, Sterrett D. (2017) Obesity in America. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 13, 1643-1650.
4. Avenell A, Broom J, Brown TJ, Poobalan A, Aucott L, Stearns SC, Smith WCS, Jung RT, Campbell MK, Grant AM. (2004) Systematic review of the long-term effects and economic consequences of treatments for obesity and implications for health improvement. Health Technology Assessment, 8, 21.
5. Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI. (2016) Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle in a Modern World Context w Mediterranean Diet. In Mediterranean Diet. In: Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI (Ed.) Nutrition and Health, Springer Int. Publ. Switzerland 15-26.
6. Schröder H, Marrugat J, Vila J, Covas MI, Elosua R. (2004) Adherence to the traditional mediterranean diet is inversely associated with body mass index and obesity in a spanish population. The Journal of Nutrition, 123, 3355-3361.
7. Mendez MA, Popkin BM, Jakszyn P, Berenguer A, Tormo MJ, Sanchéz MJ, Quirós JR, Pera G, Navarro C, Martinez C, Larrañaga N, Dorronsoro M, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Agudo A, González CA. (2006) Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced 3-year incidence of obesity. The Journal of Nutrition, 126, 2934-2938.
8. Schwartz GJ, Fu J, Astarita G, Li X, Gaetani S, Campolongo P, Cuomo V, Piomelli D. (2008) The lipid messenger OEA links dietary fat intake to satiety. Cell Metabolism, 8, 281-288.
9. Pérez-Martínez P, García-Ríos A, Delgado-Lista J, Pérez-Jiménez F, López-Miranda J. (2011) Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17, 769-777.
10. Nicklas TA, Yang SJ, Baranowski T, Zakeri I, Berenson G. (2003) Eating patterns and obesity in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 9-16.
11. Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. (2001) Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. Lancet, 357, 505-508.
12. Rossi MC, Bassett MN, Sammán NC. (2018) Dietary nutritional profile and phenolic compounds consumption in school children of highlands of Argentine Northwest. Food Chemistry, 1, 111-116.
13. Singh RK, Kumar P, Mahalingam K. (2017) Molecular genetics of human obesity: A comprehensive review. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 340, 87–108.
14. Shawky RM, Sadik DI. (2012) Genetics of obesity. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 13, 11–17.
15. Larder R, Lim CT, Coll AP. (2014) Genetic aspects of human obesity. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Clinical Neuroendocrinology. Vol. 124, Fliers E, Korbonits M, Romijn JA. (Ed.). Elsevier 93-106.
16. Chen J, Mangelinckx S, Adams A, Wang Z.-T, Li W-L, De Kimpe N. (2015) Natural flavonoids as potential herbal medication for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Natural Product Communications, 10, 187-200.
17. Church TS, Thomas DM, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT, Earnest CP, Rodarte RQ, Martin CK, Blair SN, Bouchard C. (2011) Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS One, 6, e19657.
18. Lubrano-Berthelier C, Dubern B, Lacorte JM, Picard F, Shapir A, Zhang S, Bertrais S, Hercberg S, Basdevant A, Clement K, Vaisse C. (2006) Melanocortin 4 receptor mutations in a large cohort of severely obese adults: prevalence, functional classification, genotype-phenotype relationship, and lack of association with binge eating. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 91, 1811–1818.
19. Iacomino G, Siani A. (2017) Role of microRNAs in obesity and obesity related diseases. Genes and Nutrition, 12, 23.
20. Ouyang S, Tang R, Liu Z, Ma F, Li Y, Wu J. (2017) Characterization and predicted role of microRNA expression profiles associated with early childhood obesity. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 3799–3806.
21. Bahadori MB, Zengin G, Bahadori S, Maggi F, Dinparast L. (2017) Chemical composition of essential oil, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective properties of Prangos gaubae. Natural Product Communications, 12, 1945-1948.
22. Bains Y, Gugliucci A. (2017) Ilex paraguariensis and its main component chlorogenic acid inhibit fructose formation of advanced glycation endproducts with amino acids at conditions compatible with those in the digestive system. Fitoterapia, 117, 6-10.
23. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. (2011) IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 94, 311–321.
24. Scully T. (2012) Diabetes in numbers. Nature, 485, S2–S3, 32-38.
25. Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ, van Haeften TW. (2005) Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet, 365, 1333–1346.
26. Halpern A, Mancini MC. (2005) Diabesity: are weight loss medications effective?. Treatments in Endocrinology, 4, 65–74.
27. Spurr S, Bally J, Bullin C, Trinder K. (2017) Type 2 Diabetes in Canadian Aboriginal Adolescents: Risk Factors and Prevalence. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 36, 111–117.
28. Li WL, Zheng HC, Bukuru J, De Kimpe N. (2004) Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92, 1-21.
29. Harlev E, Nevo E, Mirsky N, Ofir R. (2013) Antidiabetic attributes of desert and steppic plants: a review. Planta Medica, 79, 425-436.
30. Poirier P, Després JP. (2001) Exercise in weight management of obesity. Cardiology Clinics, 19, 459–470.
31. Kasper EK, Hruban RH, Baughman KL. (1992) Cardiomyopathy of obesity: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 43 obese patients with heart failure. American Journal of Cardiology, 70, 921–924.
32. Hall JE. (2000) Pathophysiology of obesity hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 2, 139–147.
33. Kotsis V, Stabouli S, Papakatsika S, Rizos Z, Parati G. (2010) Mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension. Hypertension Research, 33, 386–393.
34. Re RN. (2009) Obesity-related hypertension. The Ochsner Journal, 9, 133–136.
35. Wofford MR, Hall JE. (2004) Pathophysiology and treatment of obesity hypertension. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10, 3621–3637.
36. Frohlich ED. (2002) Clinical management of the obese hypertensive patient. Cardiology in Review, 10, 127–138.
37. Hall ME, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Juncos LA, Wang Z, Hall JE. (2014) Obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, 7, 75-88.
38. Visser A, Ioan-Facsinay A, de Mutsert R, Widya RL, Loef M, de Roos A, le Cessie S, den Heijer M, Rosendaal FR, Kloppenburg M. (2014) NEO Study Group. Adiposity and hand osteoarthritis: the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 16, R19.
39. Yusuf E, Nelissen RG, Ioan-Facsinay A, Stojanovic-Susulic V, DeGroot J, van Osch G, Middeldorp S, Huizinga TWJ, Kloppenburg M. (2010) Association between weight or body mass index and hand osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 69, 761–765.
40. Sowers MF, Yosef M, Jamadar D, Jacobson J, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Jaffe M. (2008) BMI vs. body composition and radiographically defined osteoarthritis of the knee in women: a 4-year follow-up study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 16, 367–372.
41. Hamdy O, Porramatikul S, Al-Ozairi E. (2006) Metabolic obesity: the paradox between visceral and subcutaneous fat. Current Diabetes Reviews, 2, 367–373.
42. Pottie P, Presle N, Terlain B, Netter P, Mainard D, Berenbaum F. (2006) Obesity and osteoarthritis: more complex than predicted!. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 65, 1403–1405.
43. Oberman B, Khaku A, Camacho F, Goldenberg D. (2015) Relationship between obesity, diabetes and the risk of thyroid cancer. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 36, 535–541.
44. Agalliu I, Williams S, Adler B, Androga L, Siev M, Lin J, Xue X, Huang G, Strickler HD, Ghavamian R. (2015) The impact of obesity on prostate cancer recurrence observed after exclusion of diabetics. Cancer Causes and Control, 26, 821–830.
45. Benedetto C, Salvagno F, Canuto EM, Gennarelli G. (2015) Obesity and female malignancies. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 29, 528–540.
46. Wasserman L, Flatt SW, Natarajan L, Laughlin G, Matusalem M, Faerber S, Rock CL, Barrett-Connor E, Pierce JP. (2004) Correlates of obesity in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: comparison of genetic, demographic, disease-related, life history and dietary factors. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 28, 49–56.
47. Alzheimer’s Association. (2011) Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 7, 208-244.
48. Whitmer RA, Gustafson DR, Barrett-Connor E, Haan MN, Gunderson EP, Yaffe K. (2008) Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later. Neurology, 71, 1057–1064.
49. Lee H, Lim Y, Chi S, Min YW, Min BH, Lee JH, Rhee PL, Kim JJ. (2017) Relationship between obesity and development of erosive reflux disease: A mediation analysis of the role of cardiometabolic risk factors. Nature, doi: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06845-1 1.
50. Dario AB, Ferreira ML, Refshauge KM, Lima TS, Ordonana JR, Ferreira PH. (2015) The relationship between obesity, low back pain, and lumbar disc degeneration when genetics and the environment are considered: a systematic review of twin studies. The Spine Journal, 15, 1106–1117.
51. Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. (2010) The Association Between Obesity and Low Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171, 135–154.
52. Baboota RK, Bishnoi M, Ambalam P, Kondepudi K, Sarma SM, Boparai RK, Podili K. (2013) Functional food ingredients for the management of obesity and associated co-morbidities – A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 5, 997-1012.
53. Kang JG, Park CY. (2012) Anti-obesity drugs: A review about their effects and safety. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 36, 13-25.
54. Mohamed S. (2014) Functional foods against metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and cardiovasular disease. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 35, 114-128.
55. Oniszczuk A, Olech M, Oniszczuk T, Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Wójtowicz A. (2016) Extraction methods, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of phenolic compounds and antiradical properties of functional food enriched with elderberry flowers or fruits. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, available online 14 september 2016, doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.003.
56. Ristić-Medić D, Vučic V, Takić M, Karadžić I, Glibetić M. (2013) Polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 78, 1269–1289.
57. Clark C, Lands B. (2015) Creating benefits from omega-3 functional foods and nutraceuticals. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6, 1613-1623.
58. Rayalam S, Della Fera MA, Baile CA. (2008) Phytochemicals and regulation of the adipocyte cycle. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 19, 717–726.
59. de la Garza AL, Martínez JA, Milagro FI (2015) Biocompounds attenuating the development of obesity and insulin resistance produced by a high-fat sucrose diet Usune Etxeberria. Natural Product Communications, 10, 1417-1420.
60. Liu Q, Kim SH, Kim SB, Jo JF, Kim ES, Hwang BY, Oh K, Lee MK (2014) Anti-obesity effect of (8- E)-Nüzhenide, a secoiridoid from Ligustrum lucidum, in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Natural Product Communications, 9, 1399-1401.
61. Saad B, Zaid H, Shanak S, Kadan S. (2017) Anti-diabetes and anti-obesity medicinal plants and phytochemicals. Springer Cham, 2017.
62. Athesh K, Jothi G. (2017) Pharmacological screening of anti-obesity potential of Acorus calamus Linn. in high fat cafeteria diet fed obese rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10, 384-390.
63. Avadhani MMN, Selvaraj IC, Rajasekharan PE, Tharachand C. (2013) The sweetness and bitterness of sweet flag [Acorus calamus L.] – A Review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 4, 598-610.
64. Roh C, Park MK, Shin HJ, Jung U, Kim JK. (2012) Buddleja officinalis Maximowicz extract inhibits lipid accumulation on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat mice. Molecules, 17, 8687-8695.
65. Rahman HA, Saari N, Ismail A, Mumtaz MW, Hamid AA. (2017) Anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of selected medicinal plants and phytochemical profiling of bioactive compounds. International Journal of Food Properties, 20, 2616-2629.
66. Rahman HA, Sahib NG, Saari N, Abas F, Mumtaz MW, Hamid AA. (2017) Anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract from Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf in lean rats fed a high fat diet. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 122, 1-17.
67. Sung YY, Yoon T, Yang WK, Kim SJ, Kim HK. (2011) Anti-obesity effects of Geranium thunbergii extract via improvement of lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 4, 1107-1113.
68. Kwon TH, Lee SJ, Park JH, Kim T, Park JJ, Park NH. (2017) Antimicrobial activity and protective effect of Geranium thunbergii against oxidative DNA damage via antioxidant effect. Korean Journal of Food Preservation, 24, 325-333.
69. Villalpando-Arteaga EV, Mendieta-Condado E, Esquivel-Solis H, Canales-Aguirre AA, Galvez-Gastelum FJ, Mateos-Diaz JC, Rodriguez-Gonzalez JA, Marquez-Aguirre AL. (2013) Hibiscus sabdariffa l. aqueous extract attenuates hepatic steatosis through down-regulation of ppar-gamma and srebp-1c in diet-induced obese mice. Food & Function, 4, 618–626.
70. Herranz-López M, Olivares-Vicente M, Encinar JA, Barrajón-Catalán E, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J, Micol V. (2017) Multi-targeted molecular effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa polyphenols: An opportunity for a global approach to obesity. Nutrients, 9, 1-26.
71. Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. (2013) Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract inhibits obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet over the long term. British Journal of Nutrition, 109, 162-172.
72. Ramírez NM, Toledo RCL, Moreira MEC, Martino HSD, Benjamin LA, de Queiroz JH, Ribeiroa AQ, Ribeiro SMR. (2017) Anti-obesity effects of tea from Mangifera indica L. leaves of the Ubá variety in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 91, 938-945.
73. Fomenko EV, Chi Y. (2016) Mangiferin modulation of metabolismand metabolic syndrome. BioFactors, 42, 492-503.
74. Metwally FM, Rashad HM, Ahmed HH, Mahmoud AA, Abdol Raouf ER, Abdalla AM. (2017) Molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity potential effect of Moringa oleifera in the experimental model. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7, 214-221.
75. Ahmed HH, Metwally FM, Rashad H, Zaazaa AM, Ezzat SM, Salama MM. (2014) Moringa oleifera offers a multi-mechanistic approach for management of obesity in rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 29, 98-106.
76. Yang Y, Yang X, Xu B, Zeng G, Tan J, He X, Hu C, Zhou Y. (2014) Chemical constituents of Morus alba L. and their inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, Fitoterapia, 98, 222-227.
77. Shin SS, Yoon M. (2017) Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) inhibits obesity and improves lipid metabolism in high fat diet-fed castrated mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 210, 80-87.
78. Chen G, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhu Z, Cai E, Gao Y, Liu S, Yang H, Zhang L. (2017) Saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng prevent obesity via regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 106, 393-403.
79. Sung YY, Yoon T, Yang WK, Kim SJ, Kim DS, Kim HK. (2013) The antiobesity effect of Polygonum aviculare L. ethanol extract in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 626397, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/626397
80. Al-Muammar MN, Khan F. (2012) Obesity: The preventive role of the pomegranate (Punica granatum). Nutrition, 28, 595-604.
81. Aasum E, Belke DD, Severson DL, Riemersma RA, Cooper M, Andreassen M, Larsen TS. (2002) Cardiac function and metabolism in Type 2 diabetic mice after treatment with BM 17.0744, a novel PPAR-alpha activator. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 283, 949–957.
82. Hassani FV, Shirani K, Hosseinzadeh H. (2016) Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as a potential therapeutic plant in metabolic syndrome: a review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 389, 931-949.
83. Park MY, Sung MK. (2015) Carnosic acid attenuates obesity-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation by modulating genes of lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95, 828–835.
84. Iwamoto K, Fukuda Y, Tokikura C, Noda M, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto M, Yamashita M, Zaima N, Iida A, Moriyama T. (2016) The anti-obesity effect of Taheebo (Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb) extract in ovariectomized mice and the identification of a potential anti-obesity compound. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 478, 1136-1140.
85. Liu R, Zheng Y, Cai Z, Xu B. (2017) Saponins and flavonoids from adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity in ICR mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 1-8.
86. Santos IB, de Bem GF, VSC Cordeiro, da Costa CA, de Carvalho LCRM, da Rocha APM, da Costa GF, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, Resende AC. (2017) Supplementation with Vitis vinifera L. skin extract improves insulin resistance and prevents hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in high-fat diet–fed mice. Nutrition Research, 43, 69-81.
87. Akaberi M, Hosseinzadeh H. (2016) Grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a potential candidate for the therapy of the metabolic syndrome. Phytotherapy Research, 30, 540-556.
88. Bouasla A, Wójtowicz A, Zidoune MN, Olech M, Nowak R, Mitrus M, Oniszczuk A. (2016) Gluten-free precooked rice-yellow pea pasta: effect of extrusion-cooking conditions on phenolic acids composition, selected properties and microstructure. Journal of Food Science, 81, 1070-1079. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13287.
89. Wójtowicz A, Oniszczuk A, Oniszczuk T, Kocira S, Wojtunik K, Mitrus M, Kocira A, Widelski J, Skalicka-Woźniak K. (2017) Application of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) leaves addition as a functional component of nutritionally valuable corn snacks. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54, 3218-3229.
90. Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. (2009) The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 33, 956–961.
91. Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, Prabhu VV, Allard JS, Lopez-Lluch G, Lewis K, Pistell PJ, Poosala S, Becker KG, Boss O, Gwinn D, Wang M, Ramaswamy S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Lakatta EG, Le Couteur D, Shaw RJ, Navas P, Puigserver P, Ingram DK, de Cabo R, Sinclair DA. (2006) Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature, 444, 337–342.
92. Oi-Kano Y, Kawada T, Watanabe T, Koyama F, Watanabe K, Senbongi R, Iwai RK. (2008) Oleuropein, a phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil, increases uncoupling protein 1 content in brown adipose tissue and enhances noradrenaline and adrenaline secretions in rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 54, 363–370.
93. da-Silva WS, Harney JW, Kim BW, Li J, Bianco SD, Crescenzi A, Christoffolete MA, Huang SA, Bianco AC. (2007) The small polyphenolic molecule kaempferol increases (skeletal muscle myocyte) cellular energy expenditure and thyroid hormone activation. Diabetes, 56, 767–776.
94. Amri Z, Ghorbel A, Turki M, Akrout FM, Ayadi F, Elfeki A, Hammami M. (2017) Effect of pomegranate extracts on brain antioxidant markers and cholinesterase activity in high fat-high fructose diet induced obesity in rat model. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17, 1-9.
95. Zhang L, Zhang X, Cheng M, Cao J, Wu Z, Weng P, Yan M. (2017) Oolong tea polyphenols–phospholipids complex reduces obesity in high fat diet-induced mice model. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 12, 119, doi: http://doi.org.10.1002/ejlt.201600394.
96. Kabera JN, Semana E, Mussa AR, Xin H. (2014) Plant secondary metabolites: biosynthesis, classification, function and pharmacological properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2, 377–392.
97. Chen J, Mangelinckx S, Ma L, Wang Z, Li W, De Kimpe N. (2014) Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives isolated from the aerial parts of Gynura divaricata and their yeast α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activity. Fitoterapia, 99, 1-6.
98. Lü H, Chen J, Li WL, Ren BR, Wu JL, Kang HY, Zhang HQ. (2009) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the total triterpene acid fraction from Folium Eriobotryae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 122, 486-491.
99. Bhutani KK, Birari R, Kapat K (2007) Potential anti-obesity and lipid lowering natural products: A Review. Natural Product Communications, 2 331-348.
100. Oniszczuk A, Oniszczuk T, Wójtowicz A, Wojtunik K, Kwaśniewska A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. (2015) Radical scavenging activity of extruded corn gruels with addition of linden inflorescence. Open Chemistry, 13, 1101-1107.
101. Liu M, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Xu Y, Han X, Zhao Y, Sun H, Yao J, Lin Y, Liu K, Peng J. (2015) Potent effects of dioscin against obesity in mice. Scientific Reports, 5, 7973.
102. Uemura T, Goto T, Kang MS, Mizoguchi N, Hirai S, Lee JY, Nakano Y, Shono J, Hoshino S, Taketani K, Tsuge N, Narukami T, Makishima M, Takahashi N, Kawada T. (2011) Diosgenin, the main aglycon of fenugreek, inhibits LXRa activity in HepG2 cells and decreases plasma and hepatic triglycerides in obese diabetic mice. The Journal of Nutrition, 141, 17–23.
103. Sunkara R, Verghese M. (2014) Functional foods for obesity management. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1359-1369.
104. Nagao K, Yanagita T. (2005) Conjugated fatty acids in food and their health benefits. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 100, 152-157.
105. Silveira MB, Carraro R, Monereo S, Tebar J. (2007) Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Obesity. Public Health Nutrition, 10, 1181-1186.
106. Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Park Y. (2016) Conjugated linoleic acid: potential health benefits as a functional food ingredient. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 7, 10.1-10.24.
107. Van Nieuwenhove CP, Terán V, González SN. (2012) Conjugated linoleic and linolenic acid production by bacteria: development of functional foods. In Immunology and Microbiology. Probiotics. Rigobelo EC (Ed.) InTech, pp. 55-80.
108. Tricon S, Burdge GC, Jones EL, Russell JJ, El-Khazen S, Moretti E, Hall WL, Gerry AB, Leake DS, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P. (2006) Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83, 744 –753.
109. Rodrigues R, Soares J, Garcia H, Nascimento C, Medeiros M, Bomfim M, Medeiros MC, Queiroga R. (2014) Goat milk fat naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid increased lipoproteins and reduced triacylglycerol in rats. Molecules, 19, 3820-3831.
110. López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Weber TK, Parra P, Serra F, Hernández M, Milla SP, Gómez-Candela C. (2013) Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on weight control and body composition in healthy overweight people. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 28, 2090-2098.
111. Penedo LA, Nunes JC, Gama MAS, Leite PEC, Quirico-Santos TF, Torres AG. (2013) Intake of butter naturally enriched with cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in healthy young adults. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24, 2144–2151.
112. Rudkowska I, Roynette CE, Demonty I, Vanstone CA, Jew S, Jones PJH. (2005) Diacylglycerol: efficacy and mechanism of action of an antiobesity agent. Obesity Research, 13, 1864-1876.
113. Sarker M, Rahman M. (2017) Dietary fiber and obesity management – A review. Advances in Obesity Weight Management & Control, 7, 00199, doi: http:// doi.org.10.15406/aowmc.2017.07.00199.
114. Cruz-Requena M, Aguilar-González CN, Prado-Barragan LA, Carneiro-da Cunha MG, dos Santos Correia MT, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Rodríguez-Herrera R. (2016) Dietary fiber: An ingredient against obesity. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 28, 522-530.
115. Papathanasopoulos A, Camilleri M. (2010) Dietary fiber supplements: effects in obesity and metabolic syndrome and relationship to gastrointestinal functions. Gastroenterology, 138, 65-72.
116. Kojima-Yuasa A, Deguchi Y, Konishi Y, Matsui-Yuasa I (2012) Effect of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Natural Product Communications, 7, 1501-1506.
117. Trigueros L, Peña S, Ugidos AV, Sayas-Barberá E, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Sendra E. (2013) Food ingredients as anti-obesity agents: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53, 929-942.
118. Shang W, Si X, Zhou Z, Wanga J, Strappe P, Blanchard C. (2017) Studies on the unique properties of resistant starch and chitooligosaccharide complexes for reducing high-fat diet-induced obesity and dyslipidemia in rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 38, 20-27.
119. Belobrajdic DP, King RA, Christophersen CT, Bird AR. (2012) Dietary resistant starch dose-dependently reduces adiposity in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male rats. Nutrition & Metabolism, 9, 1-10.
120. Aziz AA, Kenney LS, Goulet B, Abdel-Aal ES. (2009) Dietary starch type affects body weight and glycemic control in freely fed but not energyrestricted obese rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 139, 1881–1889.
121. Fuentes-Zaragoza E, Riquelme-Navarrete MJ, Sánchez-Zapata E, Pérez-Álvarez JA. (2010) Resistant starch as functional ingredient: A review. Food Research International, 43, 931–942.
122. Sandberg JC, Björck IME, Nilsson AC. (2017) Effects of whole grain rye, with and without resistant starch type 2 supplementation, on glucose tolerance, gut hormones, inflammation and appetite regulation in an 11–14.5 hour perspective; a randomized controlled study in healthy subjects. Nutrition Journal, 16, 1-11.
123. Emilien CH, Hsu WH, Hollis JH. (2017) Effect of resistant wheat starch on subjective appetite and food intake in healthy adults. Nutrition, 43-44, 69-74.
124. Willis HJ, Thomas W, Eldridge AL, Harkness L, Green H, Slavian JL. (2010) Increasing doses of fiber do not influence shortterm satiety or food intake and are inconsistently linked to gut hormone levels. Food & Nutrition Research, 54, 1-9.
125. Perin D, Murano E. (2017) Starch polysaccharides in the human diet: Effect of the different source and processing on its absorption. Natural Product Communications, 12, 837-853.
126. Satou T, Sato N, Kato H, Kawamura M, Watanabe S, Koike K (2016) The effect of camellia seed oil intake on lipid metabolism in mice. Natural Product Communications, 11, 511-513.