Programmed Cell Death, from a Cancer Perspective: An Overview

Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2018, Pages 281-295

  Mishra, Abhay P ^a   Salehi, Bahare ^b   Sharifi Rad, Mehdi ^c   Pezzani, Raffaele ^d,e   Kobarfard, Farzad ^f   Sharifi Rad, Javad ^f,g   Nigam, Manisha ^a  

^a H N B GARHWAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences   (Iran)

^c ZABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^e Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base (A I R O B)   (Italy)

^f SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^g UNIVERSITY OF WINNIPEG   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN P53; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; APOPTOSIS REGULATORY PROTEIN; AUTOPHAGY RELATED PROTEIN; MLKL PROTEIN, HUMAN; PROTEIN KINASE; TUMOR PROTEIN;

APOPTOSIS; AUTOPHAGY; CANCER THERAPY; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASM; NECROPTOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; DRUG EFFECT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; NECROSIS; NEOPLASM; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; APOPTOSIS; APOPTOSIS REGULATORY PROTEINS; AUTOPHAGY; AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NECROSIS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN KINASES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53;

EID: 85046013068     PISSN: 11771062     EISSN: 11792000     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0329-9     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Lockshin RA, Williams CM. Programmed cell death—II. Endocrine potentiation of the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths. J Insect Physiol. 1964;10:643–9.
2. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646–74.
3. Jensen M, Engert A, Weissinger F, Knauf W, Kimby E, Poynton C, et al. Phase I study of a novel pro-apoptotic drug R-etodolac in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Invest New Drugs. 2008;26:139–49.
4. Baritaki S, Militello L, Malaponte G, Spandidos DA, Salcedo M, Bonavida B. The anti-CD20 mAb LFB-R603 interrupts the dysregulated NF-κB/Snail/RKIP/PTEN resistance loop in B-NHL cells: role in sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis. Int J Oncol. 2011;38:1683–94.
5. Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. Apoptosis, autophagy, and more. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36:2405–19.
6. Tan ML, Ooi JP, Ismail N, Moad AIH, Muhammad TST. Programmed cell death pathways and current antitumor targets. Pharm Res. 2009;26:1547–60.
7. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer. 1972;26:239–57.
8. Garg AD, Nowis D, Golab J, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV, Agostinis P. Immunogenic cell death, DAMPs and anticancer therapeutics: an emerging amalgamation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1805:53–71.
9. Mariño G, Niso-Santano M, Baehrecke EH, Kroemer G. Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15:81–94.
10. Elmore S. Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol. 2007;35:495–516.
11. Susin SA, Lorenzo HK, Zamzami N, Marzo I, Snow BE, Brothers GM, et al. Anti- and pro-tumor functions of autophagy. Nature. 1999;397:441–6.
12. Igney FH, Krammer PH. Death and anti-death: tumour resistance to apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:277–88.
13. Locksley RM, Killeen N, Lenardo MJ. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell. 2001;104:487–501.
14. Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science. 1998;281:1305–8.
15. Chicheportiche Y, Bourdon PR, Xu H, Hsu YM, Scott H, Hession C, et al. TWEAK, a new secreted ligand in the tumor necrosis factor family that weakly induces apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:32401–10.
16. Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Brenner C. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:99–163.
17. Reed JC. Bcl-2 family proteins: regulators of apoptosis and chemoresistance in hematologic malignancies. Semin Hematol. 1997;34:9–19.
18. Nasu Y, Benke A, Arakawa S, Yoshida GJ, Kawamura G, Manley S, Shimizu S, Ozawa T. In situ characterization of Bak clusters responsible for cell death using single molecule localization microscopy. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27505.
19. Chipuk JE, Moldoveanu T, Llambi F, Parsons MJ, Green DR. The BCL-2 family reunion. Mol Cell. 2010;37:299–310.
20. Enari M, Sakahira H, Yokoyama H, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Nagata S. A caspase-activated DNase that degrades DNA during apoptosis, and its inhibitor ICAD. Nature. 1998;391:43–50.
21. Tewari M, Quan LT, O’Rourke K, Desnoyers S, Zeng Z, Beidler DR, et al. Yama/CPP32 beta, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Cell. 1995;81:801–9.
22. Schimmer AD. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins: translating basic knowledge into clinical practice. Cancer Res. 2004;64:7183–90.
23. Ghobrial IM, Witzig TE, Adjei AA. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer therapy. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:178–94.
24. Sakahira H, Enari M, Nagata S. Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis. Nature. 1998;391:96–9.
25. Krysko DV, D’Herde K, Vandenabeele P. Clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells and its immunological consequences. Apoptosis. 2006;11:1709–26.
26. Ashkenazi A. Targeting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008;19:325–31.
27. Wong RS. Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011;30:87.
28. Bai L, Wang S. Targeting apoptosis pathways for new cancer therapeutics. Annu Rev Med. 2014;65:139–55.
29. Stupack DG. Caspase-8 as a therapeutic target in cancer. Cancer Lett. 2013;332:133–40.
30. Wang S, Yu Q, Zhang R, Liu B. Core signaling pathways of survival/death in autophagy-related cancer networks. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2011;43:1263–6.
31. Pyo JO, Nah J, Jung YK. Molecules and their functions in autophagy. Exp Mol Med. 2012;44:73–80.
32. Liu B, Bao J-K, Yang J-M, Cheng Y. Targeting autophagic pathways for cancer drug discovery. Chin J Cancer. 2013;32:113–20.
33. Grasso D, Vaccaro MI. Macroautophagy and the oncogene-induced senescence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:157.
34. Cuervo AM, Wong E. Chaperone-mediated autophagy: roles in disease and aging. Cell Res. 2014;24:92–104.
35. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Kim M, Xia H-G, Iwanicki MP, Ofengeim D, Coloff JL, et al. Chaperone-mediated autophagy degrades mutant p53. Genes Dev. 2013;27:1718–30.
36. Han Q, Deng Y, Chen S, Chen R, Yang M, Zhang Z, et al. Downregulation of ATG5-dependent macroautophagy by chaperone-mediated autophagy promotes breast cancer cell metastasis. Sci Rep. 2017;7:4759.
37. Green DR, Levine B. To be or not to be? How selective autophagy and cell death govern cell fate. Cell. 2014;157:65–75.
38. Morselli E, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Vicencio J-M, Criollo A, Maiuri MC, et al. Anti- and pro-tumor functions of autophagy. BBA-Mol Cell Res. 2009;1793:1524–32.
39. Shimizu S, Yoshida T, Tsujioka M, Arakawa S. Autophagic cell death and cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:3145–53.
40. Gozuacik D, Kimchi A. Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. Oncogene. 2004;23:2891–906.
41. Arakawa S, Tsujioka M, Yoshida T, Sakurai HT, Nishida Y, Matsuoka Y, et al. Role of Atg5-dependent cell death in the embryonic development of Bax/Bak double-knockout mice. Cell Death Differ. 2017;24:1598–608.
42. Corcelle EA, Puustinen P, Jäättelä M. Apoptosis and autophagy: targeting autophagy signalling in cancer cells -’trick or treats’? FEBS J. 2009;276:6084–96.
43. Bhutia SK, Kegelman TP, Das SK, Azab B, Su Z-Z, Lee S-G, et al. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 induces protective autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:22243–8.
44. Yang J, Takahashi Y, Cheng E, Liu J, Terranova PF, Zhao B, et al. GSK-3beta promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagy and cell death. J Cell Sci. 2010;123:861–70.
45. Wu WKK, Cho CH, Lee CW, Wu YC, Yu L, Li ZJ, et al. Macroautophagy and ERK phosphorylation counteract the antiproliferative effect of proteasome inhibitor in gastric cancer cells. Autophagy. 2010;6:228–38.
46. Kamada Y, Funakoshi T, Shintani T, Nagano K, Ohsumi M, Ohsumi Y. Tor-mediated induction of autophagy via an Apg1 protein kinase complex. J Cell Biol. 2000;150:1507–13.
47. Hara T, Takamura A, Kishi C, Iemura S, Natsume T, Guan J-L, et al. FIP200, a ULK-interacting protein, is required for autophagosome formation in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol. 2008;181:497–510.
48. Suzuki K, Kubota Y, Sekito T, Ohsumi Y. Hierarchy of Atg proteins in pre-autophagosomal structure organization. Genes Cells. 2007;12:209–18.
49. Feng Z, Zhang H, Levine AJ, Jin S. The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:8204–9.
50. Inoki K, Li Y, Zhu T, Wu J, Guan K-L. TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling. Nat Cell Biol. 2002;4:648–57.
51. Shimizu S, Konishi A, Nishida Y, Mizuta T, Nishina H, Yamamoto A, Tsujimoto Y. Involvement of JNK in the regulation of autophagic cell death. Oncogene. 2010;29:2070–82.
52. Zhou Y-Y, Li Y, Jiang W-Q, Zhou L-F. MAPK/JNK signalling: a potential autophagy regulation pathway. Biosci Rep. 2015;35(3):e00199.
53. Zhang Y, Chen P, Hong H, Wang L, Zhou Y, Lang Y. JNK pathway mediates curcumin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Exp Ther Med. 2017;14:593–9.
54. Wagner EF, Nebreda AR. Signal integration by JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9:537–49.
55. Masri J, Bernath A, Martin J, Jo OD, Vartanian R, Funk A, et al. mTORC2 activity is elevated in gliomas and promotes growth and cell motility via overexpression of rictor. Cancer Res. 2007;67:11712–20.
56. Wang MH, Sun R, Zhou XM, Zhang MY, Lu JB, Yang Y, et al. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule overexpression regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:2.
57. Ni J, Cozzi P, Hao J, Beretov J, Chang L, Duan W, et al. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is associated with prostate cancer metastasis and chemo/radioresistance via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45(12):2736–48.
58. Rebecca VW, Amaravadi RK. Emerging strategies to effectively target autophagy in cancer. Oncogene. 2016;35:1–11.
59. Catena V, Fanciulli M. Deptor: not only a mTOR inhibitor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2017;36:12.
60. Hu B, Lv X, Gao F, Chen S, Wang S, Qing X, et al. Downregulation of DEPTOR inhibits the proliferation, migration, and survival of osteosarcoma through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:4379.
61. Langedijk J, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Slijkerman DS, Schutjens MH. Drug repositioning and repurposing: terminology and definitions in literature. Drug Discov Today. 2015;20(8):1027–34.
62. Tommasino C, Gambardella L, Buoncervello M, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Alberton M, et al. New derivatives of the antimalarial drug Pyrimethamine in the control of melanoma tumor growth: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Exp Clin. Cancer Res. 2016;35(1):137.
63. Yoshida GJ. Therapeutic strategies of drug repositioning targeting autophagy to induce cancer cell death: from pathophysiology to treatment. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10:67.
64. Chang C, Simmons DT, Martin MA, Mora PT. Identification and partial characterization of new antigens from simian virus 40-transformed mouse cells. J Virol. 1979;31:463–71.
65. DeLeo AB, Jay G, Appella E, Dubois GC, Law LW, Old LJ. Detection of a transformation-related antigen in chemically induced sarcomas and other transformed cells of the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979;76:2420–4.
66. Kress M, May E, Cassingena R, May P. Simian virus 40-transformed cells express new species of proteins precipitable by anti-simian virus 40 tumor serum. J Virol. 1979;31:472–83.
67. Lane DP, Crawford LV. T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature. 1979;278:261–3.
68. Chaabane W, User SD, El-Gazzah M, Jaksik R, Sajjadi E, Rzeszowska-Wolny J, et al. Autophagy, apoptosis, mitoptosis and necrosis: interdependence between those pathways and effects on cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz.). 2013;61:43–58.
69. Rotter V. p53, a transformation-related cellular-encoded protein, can be used as a biochemical marker for the detection of primary mouse tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1983;80:2613–7.
70. Balaburski GM, Hontz RD, Murphy ME. p53 and ARF: unexpected players in autophagy. Trends Cell Biol. 2010;20:363–9.
71. Budanov AV, Karin M. p53 target genes sestrin1 and sestrin2 connect genotoxic stress and mTOR signaling. Cell. 2008;134:451–60.
72. Crighton D, Wilkinson S, O’Prey J, Syed N, Smith P, Harrison PR, et al. DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis. Cell. 2006;126:121–34.
73. Crighton D, O’Prey J, Bell HS, Ryan KM. p73 regulates DRAM-independent autophagy that does not contribute to programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14:1071–9.
74. Newton K, Manning G. Necroptosis and Inflammation. Annu Rev Biochem. 2016;85:743–63.
75. Su Z, Yang Z, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yu Q. Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer. 2015;14:48.
76. Cho YS, Park SY. Harnessing of programmed necrosis for fighting against cancers. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2014;22:167–75.
77. Wang T, Jin Y, Yang W, Zhang L, Jin X, Liu X, et al. Necroptosis in cancer: an angel or a demon? Tumour Biol. 2017;39:1–11.
78. Chan FK-M. Programmed necrosis/necroptosis: an inflammatory form of cell death. In: Wu H, editor. Cell death: mechanism and disease. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 211–28.
79. Ch’en IL, Tsau JS, Molkentin JD, Komatsu M, Hedrick SM. Mechanisms of necroptosis in T cells. J Exp Med. 2011;208:633–41.
80. Lu JV, Chen HC, Walsh CM. Necroptotic signaling in adaptive and innate immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2014;35:33–9.
81. Dempsey LA. Interferon-induced necroptosis. Nat Immunol. 2013;14:892.
82. He S, Liang Y, Shao F, Wang X. Toll-like receptors activate programmed necrosis in macrophages through a receptor-interacting kinase-3-mediated pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:20054–9.
83. Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M, Li Y, Jagtap P, Mizushima N, et al. Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat Chem Biol. 2005;1:112–9.
84. Vandenabeele P, Declercq W, Van Herreweghe F, Vanden Berghe T. The role of the kinases RIP1 and RIP3 in TNF-induced necrosis. Sci Signal. 2010;3:4.
85. Vandenabeele P, Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis: an ordered cellular explosion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010;11:700–14.
86. Wright A, Reiley WW, Chang M, Jin W, Lee AJ, Zhang M, et al. Regulation of early wave of germ cell apoptosis and spermatogenesis by deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD. Dev Cell. 2007;13:705–16.
87. Micheau O, Tschopp J. Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell. 2003;114:181–90.
88. Lin Y, Devin A, Rodriguez Y, Liu ZG. Cleavage of the death domain kinase RIP by caspase-8 prompts TNF-induced apoptosis. Genes Dev. 1999;13:2514–26.
89. Christofferson DE, Yuan J. Necroptosis as an alternative form of programmed cell death. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010;22:263–8.
90. Sun L, Wang H, Wang Z, He S, Chen S, Liao D, et al. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase. Cell. 2012;148:213–27.
91. Tenev T, Bianchi K, Darding M, Broemer M, Langlais C, Wallberg F, et al. The Ripoptosome, a signaling platform that assembles in response to genotoxic stress and loss of IAPs. Mol Cell. 2011;43:432–48.
92. Xu YZ, Kanagaratham C, Youssef M, Radzioch D. New frontiers in cancer chemotherapy—targeting cell death pathways. In: Najman S, editor. Cell biology—new insights. Rijeka: InTech; 2016. p. 93–140.
93. Su Z, Yang Z, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yu Q. Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer. 2015;14:48.
94. Fu Z, Deng B, Liao Y, Shan L, Yin F, Wang Z, et al. The anti-tumor effect of shikonin on osteosarcoma by inducing RIP1 and RIP3 dependent necroptosis. BMC Cancer. 2013;13:580.
95. Buchheit CL, Rayavarapu RR, Schafer ZT. The regulation of cancer cell death and metabolism by extracellular matrix attachment. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2012;23:402–11.
96. Cho YS, Challa S, Moquin D, Genga R, Ray TD, Guildford M, et al. Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation. Cell. 2009;137:1112–23.
97. Yang WS, Stockwell BR. Ferroptosis: death by lipid peroxidation. Trends Cell Biol. 2016;26:165–76.
98. Yang WS, SriRamaratnam R, Welsch ME, Shimada K, Skouta R, Viswanathan VS, et al. Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4. Cell. 2014;156:317–31.
99. Jiang L, Kon N, Li T, Wang SJ, Su T, Hibshoosh H, Baer R, Gu W, et al. Ferroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression. Nature. 2015;520:57–62.
100. Gao M, Monian P, Pan Q, Zhang W, Xiang J, Jiang X. Ferroptosis is an autophagic cell death process. Cell Res. 2016;26(9):1021–32.
101. Cho YS, Park HL. Exploitation of necroptosis for treatment of caspase-compromised cancers. Oncol Lett. 2017;14:1207–14.
102. Los M, Mozoluk M, Ferrari D, Stepczynska A, Stroh C, Renz A, et al. Activation and caspase-mediated inhibition of PARP: a molecular switch between fibroblast necrosis and apoptosis in death receptor signaling. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13:978–88.
103. Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Festjens N. Caspase inhibitors promote alternative cell death pathways. Sci STKE. 2006;6:pe44.
104. Lu JV, Weist BM, van Raam BJ, Marro BS, Nguyen LV, Srinivas P, et al. Complementary roles of Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) in T-cell homeostasis and antiviral immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:15312–7.
105. Nigam M, Ranjan V, Srivastava S, Sharma R, Balapure AK. Centchroman induces G0/G1 arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis involving mitochondrial membrane depolarization in MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Life Sci. 2008;82:577–90.
106. Nigam M, Singh N, Ranjan V, Zaidi D, Sharma R, Nigam D, et al. Centchroman mediated apoptosis involves cross-talk between extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and oxidative regulation. Life Sci. 2010;87:750–8.
107. Singh N, Nigam M, Ranjan V, Sharma R, Balapure AK, Rath SK. Caspase mediated enhanced apoptotic action of cyclophosphamide- and resveratrol-treated MCF-7 cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;109:473–85.
108. Sharifi-Rad J, Sureda A, Tenore GC, Daglia M, Sharifi-Rad M, Valussi M, Tundis R, Sharifi-Rad M, Loizzo MR, Ademiluyi AO, Sharifi-Rad R, Ayatollahi SA, Iriti M. Biological activities of essential oils: from plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules. 2017;22:70.
109. Singh N, Nigam M, Ranjan V, Zaidi D, Garg VK, Sharma S, et al. Resveratrol as an adjunct therapy in cyclophosphamide-treated MCF-7 cells and breast tumor explants. Cancer Sci. 2011;102:1059–67.