Global and local knowledge: Glocal transatlantic public-private partnerships for research and technological development

Global and Local Knowledge: Glocal Transatlantic Public-Private Partnerships for Research and Technological Development

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-149

  Carayannis, Elias G ^a,b   Alexander, Jeffrey M ^a,b  

^a Global and Entrepreneurial Finance Research Institute (GEFRI)   (United States)

^b GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84991554799     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230508729     Document Type: Book

References (259)

1. Aoki, Masahiko. 1988. A New Paradigm of Work Organization: The Japanese Experience, WIDER Working Papers, vol. 36, World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland.
2. Argyris, N. & McGahan, A. M. 2002. An interview with Michael Porter. The Academy of Management Executive, 16, 43-53.
3. Arthur, W. B. 1996. Increasing returns and the new world of business. Harvard Business Review, July-August, 100-109.
4. Arundel, A. & Geuna, A. 2001. Does Proximity Matter for Knowledge Transfer from Public Institutes and Universities to Firms? [Electronic Working Paper Series] (73). Sussex, UK: Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex.
5. Astley, W. G. & Fombrun, C. J. 1983. Collective strategy: social ecology of organizational environments. Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 576-587.
6. Bain, J. S. 1968. Industrial Organization, New York, NY: John Wiley.
7. Barnard, Chester I. 1968. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press (originally published in 1938).
8. Barney, J. B. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17,99-120.
9. Berry, M. M. J. & Taggart, J. H. 1994. Managing technology and innovation: a review. R&D Management, 24(4), 341-353.
10. Bierly, P. & Chakrabarti, A. 1996. Generic knowledge strategies in the US pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 17 (Winter Special Issue), 123-135.
11. Betz, F. 1997. Academic/government/industry strategic research partnerships. Journal of Technology Transfer, 22(3), 9-16.
12. Borrus, Michael. 1998. Foreign Participation in US-Funded R&D: The EUV Project as a New Model for a New Reality," BRIE Working Paper 118, University of California, Berkeley.
13. Bozeman, B. 2000. Technology transfer and public policy: a review of research and theory. Research Policy, 29, 627-655.
14. Brandenburger, A. & Nalebuff, B. 1996. Co-opetition. New York: Currency Doubleday.
15. Branscomb, L. 1993. Targeting critical technologies. In L. Branscomb (Ed.), Empowering Technology: Implementing a US Strategy (pp. 36-63). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
16. Bridwell, Larry & Marc Richard. 1998. The Semiconductor Industry in the 21st Century: A Global Analysis Using Michael Porter's Industry-Related Clusters, Competitiveness Review, 8(1), pp. 24-36.
17. Brusoni, S. & Geuna, A. 2001. The Key Characteristics of Sectoral Knowledge Bases: An International Comparison [Electronic Working Paper Series] (69). Sussex, UK: Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex.
18. Burton, D.F. & Hansen, K.M. 1993. German technology policy: incentive for industrial innovation. Challenge, 36, 39.
19. Business-Higher Education Forum. 2001. Working Together, Creating Knowledge: The University-Industry Research Collaboration Initiative. Washington, DC: Business-Higher Education Forum.
20. Butler, J. E. 1988. Theories of technological innovation as useful tools for corporate strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 9, 15-29.
21. Caloghirou, Y., A. Tsakanikas & N. S. Vonortas. 2001. University-Industry Cooperation in the Context of the European Framework Programmes, Journal of Technology Transfer 26,1-2, January, pp. 153-161.
22. Camerer, C. F. 1991. Does strategy research need game theory? Strategic Management Journal, 12, 13 7-152.
23. Carayannis, Elias G. 2004. Measuring Intangibles: Managing Intangibles for Tangible Outcomes in Research and Innovation. International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, 1, 1, January.
24. Carayannis, Elias G. 2001. The Strategic Management of Technological Learning. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
25. Carayannis, Elias G. 2000. Investigation and Validation of Technological Learning versus Market Performance. International Journal of Tech novation 20 (7, July), 389-400.
26. Carayannis, Elias G. 1999a. Fostering synergies between information technology and managerial and organizational cognition: the role of knowledge management. International Journal of Technovation, 19(4): 219-231.
27. Carayannis, Elias G. 1999b. Knowledge transfer through technological hyperlearning in five industries. International Journal of Tech novation 19(3),141-161.
28. Carayannis, E. G. 1999c. Organizational transformation and strategic learning in high-risk, high-complexity environments. Technovation, 13.
29. Carayannis, Elias G. 1998a. The Strategic Management of Technological Learning in Project / Program Management: The Role of Extranets, Intranets and Intelligent Agents in Knowledge Generation, Diffusion, and Leveraging, International Journal of Tech novation, 18(11), 697-703.
30. Carayannis, Elias G. 1998b. Higher Order Technological Learning as Determinant of Market Success in the Multimedia Arena; A Success Story, a Failure, and a Question Mark: Agfa/Bayer AG, Enable Software, and Sun Microsystems, International Journal of Tech novation, 18, 10, 639-653.
31. Carayannis, Elias G. 1998c. Knowledge transfer through technological hyperlearning in five industries. International Journal of Tech novation, 18, 12.
32. Carayannis, Elias G. 1996. Re-engineering high risk, high complexity industries through multiple level technological learning: A case study of the world nuclear power industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 12(4), 301ff.
33. Carayannis, Elias G. 1994. Gestion Strategique de I'Apprentissage Technologique. Le Progres Technique (n. 2), Paris: France.
34. Carayannis, Elias G. & Jeffrey Alexander. 2004. Strategy, Structure and Performance Issues of Pre-competitive R&D Consortia: Insights and Lessons Learned. IEEE Transactions of Engineering Management 52 (2).
35. Carayannis, Elias & Jeffrey Alexander. 2002. Is Technological Learning a Firm Core Competence? When, How, and Why: A Longitudinal, Multi-Industry Study of Firm Technological Learning and Market Performance, International Journal of Technovation, 22(10): 625-643.
36. Carayannis, Elias & Jeffrey Alexander. 2000. Revisiting SEMATECH: Profiling Public- and Private-Sector Cooperation, Engineering Management Journal, 12, 4, pp.33-42.
37. Carayannis, Elias G. & Jeffrey Alexander. 1999a. Winning by Co-opeting in Strategic Government-University-Industry (GUl) Partnerships: The Power of Complex, Dynamic Knowledge Networks. Journal of Technology Transfer 24 (2/3, August), 197-210.
38. Carayannis, Elias G. & Jeffrey Alexander. 1999b. Technology-Driven Strategic Alliances: Tools for Learning and Knowledge Exchange in a Positive-Sum World, in: Richard C. Dorf (ed.), The Technology Management Handbook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
39. Carayannis, Elias G. & Jeffrey Alexander. 1999c. Secrets of Success and Failure in Commercializing US Government R&D Laboratories Technologies: A Structured Case Study Approach, International Journal of Technology Management, 18, 3/4, pp.246-269.
40. Carayannis, Elias G. & Jeffrey Alexander. 1998. The Wealth of Knowledge: Converting Intellectual Property to Intellectual Capital in Co-opetitive Research and Technology Management Settings, International Journal of Technology Management, 18, 3/4, 326-352.
41. Carayannis, Elias G., Jeffrey Alexander & Anthony Ioannidis. 2000. Leveraging Knowledge, Learning, and Innovation in Forming Strategic GovernmentUniversity- Industry (GUI) R&D Partnerships in the US, Germany, and France, International Journal of Tech novation, 20(9): 477-488.
42. Carayannis, Elias G. & David F. J. Campbell. 2006a. Mode 3. Meaning and Implications from a Knowledge Systems Perspective, 1-25, in: Elias G. Carayannis and David F. J. Campbell (eds.): Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters. A Comparative Systems Approach across the United States, Europe and Asia. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger (forthcoming).
43. Carayannis, Elias G. & David F. J. Campbell (eds). 2006b. Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters. A Comparative Systems Approach across the United States, Europe and Asia. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger (forthcoming).
44. Carayannis, Elias G. & John Coleman. 2005. Creative Systems Design Methodologies: The Case of Complex Technical Systems, International Journal of Technovation, 25, 3, pp. 831-840.
45. Carayannis, Elias G. & Edgar Gonzalez. 2004. Creativity and Innovation = Competitiveness? When, How, and Why, Vol. 1, Chap. 8, pp. 587-606, in: Larisa V. Shavinina (ed.): The International Handbook on Innovation, Amsterdam: Pergamon.
46. Carayannis, Elias G., Edgar Gonzalez & John Wetter. 2003. The Nature and Dynamics of Discontinuous and Disruptive Innovations From a Learning and Knowledge Management Perspective, Vol. 1, Chap. 4, pp. l15-138, in: Larisa V. Shavinina (ed.): The International Handbook on Innovation. Amsterdam: Pergamon.
47. Carayannis, Elias G. & James Gover. 2002. The SEMATECH-Sandia National Laboratories Partnership: A Case Study, International Journal of Technovation, 22(9): 585-591.
48. Carayannis, Elias G. & James Gover. 1997. "Co-opetition," strategic technology options and game theory in science and technology policy: the case of SEMATECH [presented paperJ. Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Portland, OR, 27-31 July.
49. Carayannis, Elias G. & Jennifer Jorge. 1998. Bridging Government-UniversityIndustry Technological Learning Disconnects: A Comparative Study of Training and Development Policies and Practices in the US, Japan, Germany, and France, International Journal of Technovation, 18, 6/7, pp. 383-407.
50. Carayannis, Elias G. & Todd Juneau. 2003. Idea Makers and Idea Brokers in HighTechnology Entrepreneurship: Fee vs. Equity Compensation for Intellectual Venture Capitalists. London: Praeger Publishers.
51. Carayannis, Elias G., Suleiman Kassicieh & Raymond Radosevich. 2000. Strategic Alliances as a Source of Early-Stage Seed Capital in Technology-Based Firms, International Journal of Technovation, 20(11): 603-615.
52. Carayannis, Elias G. & Patrice Laget. 2004. Transatlantic Innovation Infrastructure Networks: Public-Private, EU-US R&D Partnerships. R&D Management, 34(1), 17-31.
53. Carayannis, Elias G. & Everett Rogers. 1998. Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) as technology transfer mechanisms. R&D Management, Spring.
54. Carayannis, Elias G., Everett Rogers et al. 1998 High-Technology Spin-offs from Government R&D Laboratories and Research Universities, International Journal of Technovation, 18(1): 1-11.
55. Carayannis, Elias G. & John Sagi. 2002. Exploiting Opportunities of the New Economy: Developing Nations in Support of the ICT Industry, International Journal of Technovation, 22(8): 517-524.
56. Carayannis, Elias G. & John Sagi, 2001. "New" vs. "Old" Economy: Insights or Competitiveness in the Global IT Industry, International Journal of Tech novation, 21(8): 501-514.
57. Carayannis, Elias G., John Sagi & Subbashish Dasgupta. 2004. ICT and Business in the New Economy: Globalization and Attitudes towards e-Commerce, Journal of Global Information Management, 12(3),44-64.
58. Carayannis, Elias G. & Caroline Sipp. 2006. E-Development towards the Knowledge Economy: Leveraging Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship for "Smart Development". London: Macmillan Press.
59. Carayannis, Elias G. & Ray Stokes. 1997. A Historical Analysis of Management of Technology at Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik (BASF) AG, 1865 to 1993: A Case Study, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 14(2): 175-193.
60. Carayannis, Elias G. & Max von Zedwitz. 2005. Architecting GloCal (GlobalLocal), Real-Virtual Incubator Networks (G-RVINs) as Catalysts and Accelerators of Entrepreneurship in Transitioning and Developing Economies: Lessons Learned and Best Practices from Current Development and Business Incubation Practices, International Journal of Technovation, 25, 2, pp.95-110.
61. Carayannis, E. G. 1996. Re-engineering high risk, high complexity industries through multiple level technological learning: A case study of the world nuclear power industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 12(4), 301ff.
62. Carayannis, E. G. & Alexander, J. 1998. The wealth of knowledge: converting intellectual property to intellectual capital in co-operative research and technology management settings. Journal of International Technology Management, 17(3/4).
63. Carayannis, E. G. & Alexander, J. 2002. Is technological learning a core competence, when, how and why? A longitudinal, multi-industry study of firm technologicallearning and market performance. Technovation, 22, 625-643.
64. Chandler, A. D. 1977. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. The Belknap Press: Cambridge.
65. Chesbrough, H. W. & Teece, D. J. (1996). When is virtual virtuous? Organizing for innovation. Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 65-73.
66. Chesbrough, H. W. 2003. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
67. Chi, T. 1994. "Trading in strategic resources: Necessary conditions, transaction cost problems, and the choice of exchange structure." Strategic Management Journal, 15, pp. 271-290.
68. Chiesa, v., Giglioli, E., & Manzini, R. 1999. R&D corporate planning: selecting the core technological competences. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11(2),255-279.
69. Chompalov, L. Genuth, J., & Shrum, W. 2002. The organization of scientific collaborations. Research Policy, 31, 747-767.
70. Chompalov, L., & Shrum, W. 1999. Institutional collaboration in science: a typology of technological practice. Science, Technology & Human Values, 24(3), 338-372.
71. Christensen, C. 1997. The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms To Fail. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
72. Cohen, L. R. & Noll, R. G. 1995. Privatizing Public Research: The New Competitiveness Strategy. Paper submitted to the US Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC.
73. Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. 1989. Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. The Economic Journal, 99, September, 569-596.
74. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. 1990. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
75. Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. 2002. Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D. Management Science, 48(1), January, 1-23.
76. Conner, K. R. 1991. A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: do we have a new theory of the firm? Journal of Management, 17, 121-154.
77. Coombs, R. 1994. Technology and business strategy. In M. Dodgson & R. Rothwell (Eds.), The Handbook of Industrial Innovation (pp. 384-392). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
78. Coombs, R. & Hull, R. 1998. 'Knowledge management practices' and pathdependency in innovation. Research Policy, 27, 237-253.
79. Cooper, J. R. 1998. A multidimensional approach to the adoption of innovation. Management Decision, 36(8), 493-502.
80. Council on Competitiveness. 2004. Innovate America: Thriving in a World of Challenge and Change. Washington, DC: Council on Competitiveness.
81. Cummings, J. & Teng, B.-S. 2003. Transferring R&D knowledge: the key factors affecting knowledge transfer success. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 20, 39-68.
82. Cusmano, L. 2000. Technology Policy and Co-operative R&D: The Role of Relational Research Capacity [Working Paper) (00-3). Aalborg: Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics.
83. Cyert, R. M. & Goodman, P. S. 1997. Creating effective university-industry alliances: an organizational learning perspective. Organizational Dynamics, Spring, 45-57.
84. Dixit, A. K. & Pindyck, R. S. 1995. The options approach to capital investment. Harvard Business Review, May-June, 105-115.
85. Dosi, G. 1982. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories. Research Policy, 11, 147-162.
86. Dougherty, S. M., Inklaar, R., McGuckin, R. H., & Van Ark, B. 2003. Internationalization and the changing structure of business R&D: recent trends and measurement implications. University of Groningen: Growth and Development Center, 28 February.
87. Doz, Y. 1996. The evolution of cooperation in strategic alliances: initial conditions or learning processes? Strategic Management Journal, 17, 55-83.
88. Drazin, R., Glynn, M. & Kazanjian, R. 1999. Multilevel theorizing about creativity in organizations: A sensemaking perspective. Academy Of Management Review, 42, 2, 125-45.
89. Drucker, P. F. 1998. The discipline of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 149-157 (originally published in May-June 1985).
90. Drucker, P. 1980. Managing in Turbulent Times. New York: Harper & Row.
91. Egorov, Igor & Elias Carayannis. 1999. Transforming the Post-Soviet Research System through Incubating Technological Entrepreneurship, Journal of Technology Transfer, 24, 2/3, pp. 159-172.
92. Etzkowitz, H. & Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industy-govenment relations. Research Policy, 29, 109-123.
93. Etzkowitz, H. & Leydesdorff, L. 1997. Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy. London: Pinter.
94. Evangelista R, Iammarino S., Mastrostefano, V. & Silvani A. 2001. Measuring the regional dimension of innovation: lessons from the Italian innovation survey, Technovation, 21, 11, 733-745.
95. Eureka. 1998, Project (E!1535): MEDEA Project Summary: Summary of the Project available at URL http://www.eureka.be/
96. Fallows, J. (1993). "Looking at the sun." The Atlantic Monthly, November, pp.69-100.
97. Ferguson, E. 1994. Engineering and the Mind's Eye. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
98. Fleming, L. & Sorenson, O. 2000. Science as a Map in Technological Search. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School.
99. Foray, D. (1991). The secrets of industry are in the air: Industrial cooperation and the organizational dynamics of the firm. Research Policy, 20, pp. 393-405.
100. Ford, D. 1988. Develop your technology strategy. Long Range Planning, 29, October, 85-95.
101. Freeman, C. (ed.). 1982. The Economics of Industrial Innovation [2nd edition]. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
102. Freeman, C. 1991. Network of innovators: a synthesis of research issues. Research Policy, 20, 499-514.
103. Fritsch, M. & Lukas, R. 2001. Who cooperates on R&D? Research Policy, 30, 297-312.
104. Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. The Free Press: New York.
105. Fusfeld, H. 1986. The Technical Enterprise. New York, NY: Ballinger.
106. GarCia, R & Calantone, R. 2002. A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19, 110-132.
107. Gatignon, H., Tushman, M. L., Anderson, P., & Smith, W. 2000. A structural approach to assessing innovation: construct development of innovation types and characteristics and their organizational effects. Unpublished paper, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA, 26 September.
108. Geisler, E. 1993. Technology transfer: toward mapping the field, a review, and research directions. Journal of Technology Transfer, Summer-Fall, 88-93.
109. Geisler, E., Furino, A., & Kiresuk, T. J. 1990. Factors in the success or failure of industry-university cooperative research centers. Interfaces, 20(6), 99-109.
110. Georghiou, L. 1998. Global cooperation in research. Research Policy, 27, 611-626.
111. Georghiou, L. 2001. Evolving frameworks for European colloboration in research and technology. Research Policy, 30, 891-903.
112. Georghiou, L. 1999. Socio-economic effects of colloborative R&D-European experiences. Journal of Technology Transfer, 24, 1, 69-79.
113. Giddens, A. 1976. New Rules of Sociological Method. New York: Basic Books.
114. Godin, B. & Gingras, Y. 2000. The place of universities in the system of knowledge production. Research Policy, 29, 273-278.
115. Gomes-Casseres, B. 1994. Group versus group: how alliance networks compete. Harvard Business Review, July-August, 62-74.
116. Grant, R. M. 1996. Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic ManagementJournal, 17, Winter Special Issue, 109-122.
117. Griliches, Z. (Ed). 1984. R&D, Patents & Productivity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
118. Grupp, H. & Schmoch, U. 1992. Perception of scientification as measured by referencing between patents and papers. In H. Grupp (Ed.), Dynamics of ScienceBased Innovation (pp. 73-128). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
119. Guellec, D. & van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. 2001. The internationalisation of technology analysed with patent data. Research Policy, 30, 1253-1266.
120. Hagedoorn, J., Link, A. N., & Vonortas, N. S. 2000. Research partnerships. Research Po/icy, 29, 567-586.
121. Hagedoorn, J. & Schakenraad, J. 1990. Inter-firm partnerships and co-operative strategies in core technologies. In C. Freeman & L. Soete (Eds.), New Explorations in the Economics of Technological Change (pp. 3-37). London: Pinter.
122. Hagedoorn, J. & Schakenraad, J. 1992. Leading companies and networks of strategic alliances in information technologies. Research Policy, 21, 163-190.
123. Hall, B. H. Link, A. N., & Scott, J. T. 2000. Universities as Research Partners. Unpublished paper, Berkeley, CA: University of California, February 2000.
124. Ham, R. M. & Mowery, D. C. 1995. Improving industry-government cooperative R&D. Issues in Science and Technology, Summer, 67-73.
125. Harrigan, K. R. 1985. Strategies for Joint Ventures. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
126. Harris, L. Coles, A.-M., & Dickson, K. 2000. Building innovation networks: issues of strategy and expertise. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 12(2), 229-241.
127. Hazlett, James A. & Elias G. Carayannis. 1998. Business-University Virtual Teaming for Strategic Planning, Technolugical Forecasting and Social Change, 57, 3, pp.261-265.
128. Henderson, R. M. & Clark, K. B. 1990. Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 9-30.
129. Hicks, D. 1993. University-industry linkages in Japan. Policy Sciences, 26, 361-365.
130. Hicks, D., Breitzman, T., Olivastro, D., & Hamilton, K. 2001. The changing composition of innovative activity in the US - a portrait based on patent analysis. Research Policy, 30, 681-703.
131. Holmstrom, B. R. & Tirole, J. 1989. The theory of the firm. In R. Schmalensee & R. D. Willig (Eds.), Handbook ofIndustrial Organization (pp. 61-133). Amsterdam: North Holland.
132. Howells, J. 1995. Research and technology outsourcing. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 11(1), 17-29.
133. Inkpen, A. 1996. Creating knowledge through collaboration. California Management Review, 39(1), Fall, 123-140.
134. Irwin, D. & P. Klenow. 1996. High-tech R&D subsidies: estimating the effects of SEMATECH, Journal of International Economics, 40, 323-344.
135. Jaffe, A. 1989. Real effects of academic research. American Economic Review, 79(5), 957-970.
136. Jaffe, A., Tratjenberg, M., & Henderson, R. 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 577-598.
137. Jelinek, M. 1979. Institutionalizing Innovation; A Study of Organizational Learning Systems. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.
138. Johnson, W. H. A. & Johnston, D. A. 2001. Aligning technical and business goals in industry-university collaborative R&D projects: a tale of two projects. Engineering Management Journal, 13(1), March, 23-27.
139. Kao, J. 1996. Jamming: The art and discipline of business creativity. New York: HarperCollins.
140. Kaplan, S. 1999. Discontinuous innovation and the growth paradox. Strategy and Leadership. (March/April), 16-21.
141. Katz, J. S. & Martin, B. R. 1997. Whatis research collaboration? Research Policy, 26, 1-18.
142. Kaufmann, A. & Todtling, F. 2001. Science-industry interaction in the process of innovation: the importance of boundary-crossing between systems. Research Policy, 30, 791-804.
143. Khanna, T., Gulati, R., & Nohria, N. 1998. The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation and relative scope. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 193-210.
144. Klein, D. A. & L. Prusak. 1994. Characterizing intellectual capital. Ernst & Young, Center for Business Innovation.
145. Kline, S. J. & Rosenberg, N. 1986. An overview of innovation. In R. Landau & N. Rosenberg (Eds.), The Positive-Sum Strategy (pp. 275-305). Washington, DC: The National Academy Press.
146. Kodama, F. 1991. Emerging Patterns of Innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
147. Kodama, F. 1992. Technology fusion and the new R&D. Harvard Business Review, July-August, 70-78.
148. Kogut, B. 1998. The network as knowledge. Philadelphia, PA: The Reginald H. Jones Center, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania.
149. Kogut, B. & Zander, U. 1992. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3(3), 383-397.
150. Kortum, S. & J. Lerner, 1997. Stronger Protection or Technological Revolution: What is Behind the Recent Surge in Patenting? NBER Working Papers 6204, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
151. Kuemmerle, W. 1997. Building effective R&D capabilities abroad. Harvard Business Review 75, 2 (March-April), 61-70.
152. Kuhn, T. S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
153. Landry, R. & Amara, N. 1995. The impact of transaction costs on the institutional structuration of collaborative academic research. Research Policy, 27, 901-913.
154. Lane, P.J. & Lubatkin, M. 1998. Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizationallearning. Strategic Management Journal, 19,461-477.
155. Lei, D., Slocum,J. W., & Pitts, R. A. 1999. Designing organizations for competitive advantage: the power of unlearning and learning. Organizational Dynamics, Winter, 24-38.
156. Leonard, D. & Sensiper, S. 1995. The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation. California Management Review, 40(3), Spring, 112-132.
157. Leonard-Barton, D. 1995. Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
158. Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The triple helix: an evolutionary model of innovations. Research Policy, 29, 243-255.
159. Lynn, L. H., Reddy, N. M., & Aram, J. D. 1996. Linking technology and institutions: the innovation community framework. Research Policy, 25, 91-106.
160. Macher J.T., Mowery, D. & Hodges. D. A. 1998. Reversal offortune? The recovery of the U.S. semiconductor industry. California Management Review, 41(1), 107-136.
161. Mahoney,J. T. & Pandian,J. R. 1992. The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 363-380.
162. Mansfield, E. 1991. Academic research and industrial innovation. Research Policy, 20, 1-12.
163. Mansfield, E. et al. 1977. Social and private rates of return from industrial innovations. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 91(2), 221-240.
164. McMillan, G. S., Narin, E, & Deeds, D. L. 2000. An analysis of the critical role of public science in innovation: the case of biotechnology. Research Policy, 29, l-S.
165. Melin, G. 2000. Pragmatism and self-organization: research collaboration on the individual level. Research Policy, 29, 31-40.
166. Meyer-Krahmer, F. & Schmoch, U. 1998. Science-based technologies; universityindustry interactions in four fields. Research Policy, 27, 835-851.
167. Michelson, M. 1996. Europe in bid to stay at technology forefront, Reuters Financial Service, 28 November.
168. Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation (MARCO) 1995a. Overview of MARCO. Downloaded from http://marco.fcrp.org
169. Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation (MARCO) 1995b. Focus Center Research Program Press Conference Briefing. 9 December 1998.
170. Millar, J., Demaid, A., & Quintas, P. 1997. Trans-organizational innovation: a framework for research. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 9(4), 399-418.
171. Mintzberg, H. 1987. The strategy concept I: five Ps for strategy. California Management Review, 30( 1), 11-24.
172. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. 1995. Strategy Safari: A Guided Tour through the Wilds of Strategic Management. New York, NY: The Free Press.
173. Mitchell, G. R. & Hamilton, W. F. 1988. Managing R&D as a strategic option. Research-Technology Management. May-June, 15-22.
174. Moore,J. F. 1996. The Death of Competition. New York: HarperCollins.
175. Morone, J. 1989. The strategic management of technology. California Management Review, 31(4), Summer, 91-110.
176. Mowery, D. C. 1996. The US national innovation system: recent developments in structure and knowledge flows [Invited Paper]. National Innovation Systems. Brussels: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 3 October 1996.
177. Mowery, D. C. 1998. The changing structure of the US national innovation system: implications for international conflict and cooperation in R&D policy. Research Policy, 27, 639-654.
178. Mowery, D. c., Oxley,J. E., & Silverman, B. S. 1996. Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 17, Winter Special Issue, 77-91.
179. Mowery, D. c., Oxley, J. E., & Silverman, B. S. 1998. Technological overlap and interfirm cooperation: implications for the resource-based view of the firm. Research Policy, 27, 507-523.
180. Murray, F. 2003. Innovation as co-evolution of scientific and technological networks: exploring tissue engineering. Research Policy, 32, 1389-1403.
181. Myers, M. B., & Rosenbloom, R. N. 1996. Rethinking the role of industrial research. In R. S. Rosenbloom & W. J. Spencer (Eds.), Engines ofInnovation: US Industrial Research at the End of an Era (pp. 209-228). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
182. Nahapiet,J. & Ghoshal, S. 1998. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
183. Narin, F. & Noma, E. 1985. Is technology becoming science? Scientometrics, 7, 369-381.
184. Narin, F. & D. Olivastro. 1992. Status report: linkage between technology and science. Research Policy, 21: 237-49.
185. National Academy of Engineering (NAE). 1983. Guidelines for Engineering Research Centers. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
186. National Research Council. 1987. Management of Technology: The Hidden Competitive Advantage [US National Academy of Sciences]. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
187. National Science Foundation (NSF). 1997. Proceedings of the 1997 Engineering Research Center's Annual Directors Meeting. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
188. Nelson, R. R. & Rosenberg, N. 1993. Technical innovation and national systems. In R. R. Nelson (ed.), National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis (pp. 3-21). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
189. Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. 1977. In search of a useful theory of innovation. Research Policy, 5, 36-76.
190. Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press.
191. Newman, M. E. J. 2000. The structure of scientific collaborations [Unpublished paper], Santa Fe, NM: Santa Fe Institute.
192. Nonaka, L. & Takeuchi, H. 1995. The Knowledge-Creating Company. New York, NY: Oxford Univ. Press.
193. Nooteboom, B. 1999. Innovation and inter-firm linkages: new implications for policy. Research Policy, 28, 793-805.
194. Okubo, Y. & Sjoberg, C. 2000. The changing pattern of industrial scientific research collaboration in Sweden. Research Policy, 29, 81-98.
195. Ordover, J. A. & Willig, R. D. 1985. Antitrust for high technology industries: assessing research joint ventures and mergers. Journal of Law and Economics, 28, May, 311-333.
196. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1997. Committee for Science and Technology Policy. In National Innovation Systems. Brussels: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
197. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1998. STI Review Special Issue on "Public-Private Partnerships in Science & Technology" (Vol. 23). Brussels: OECD.
198. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1999a. Globalisation of Industrial R&D: Policy Issues. Brussels: OECD.
199. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1999b. Managing National Innovation Systems. Brussels: OECD.
200. Pavitt, K. 1991. What makes basic research economically useful? Research Policy, 20,109-119.
201. Pechter, K. & Kakinuma, S. 1999. Coauthorship linkages between university research and Japanese industry. Branscomb, F. Kodama & R. Florida (Eds.), Industrializing Knowledge (pp. 102-127). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
202. Penrose, E. 1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York, NY: John Wiley.
203. Persaud, A., U. Kumar & V. Kumar (2001), "Harnessing scientific and technological knowledge for the rapid deployment of global innovations," Engineering Management Journal 13, 1, March, pp. 12-18.
204. Peters, L., Groenewegen, P. & Fiebelkorn, N. 1998. A comparison of networks between industry and public sector research in materials technology and biotechnology. Research Policy, 27: 255-271.
205. Pisano, G. 1990. The R&D boundaries of the firm: an empirical analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 153-176.
206. Polanyi, M. 1964. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. London: Routledge (Originally published in 1953).
207. Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press.
208. Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive Advantage. New York: The Free Press.
209. Porter, M. E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: The Free Press.
210. Porter, M. E. 1996. What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74, 61-78.
211. Powell, W. W. 1998. Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. California Management Review, 40(3), Spring, 228-240.
212. Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W. Smith-Doerr, L. 1996. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 116-145.
213. Prahalad, C. K. & Hamel, G. 1990. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79ff.
214. Quintas, P. & Guy, K. 1995. Collaborative, pre-competitive R&D and the firm. Research Policy, 24, 325-348.
215. Roberts, E. B. 1995. Benchmarking the strategic management of technology - I. Research-Technology Management, 38(1) , January/February, 44-56.
216. Roberts, E. B. 2001. Benchmarking the global strategic management of technology. Research-Technology Management, 44(2), March/April, 25-36.
217. Rogers, E. 1995. The Diffusion ofInnovations. New York: The Free Press.
218. Roos, J., G. Roos, L. Edvinsson, & N. C. Dragonetti. 1998. Intellectual Capital: Navigating the New Business Landscape. New York: NYU Press.
219. Rosenberg, N. 1983. The growing role of science in the innovation process. G. Bernard (Ed.), Science, Technology and Society in the Time of Alfred Nobel (pp. 231-246). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
220. Rosenberg, N. 1990. Why do firms do basic research (with their own money)? Research Policy, 19, 165-174.
221. Rosenberg, N. & Nelson, R. R. 1996. The roles of universities in the advance of industrial technology. In R. S. Rosenbloom & W. J. Spencer (Eds.), Engines of Innovation: US Industrial Research atthe End of an Era (pp. 87-109). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
222. Rothwell, R. 1994. Industrial innovation: success, strategy, trends. In M. Dodgson & R. Rothwell (Eds.), The Handbook of Industrial Innovation (pp. 33-53). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
223. Ruegg, R. 1998. The Advanced Technology Program, its evaluation plan, and progress in implementation, Journal of Technology Transfer 23, 2, Summer, pp.5-10.
224. Rycroft, R. 2003. Technology-based globalization indicators: the centrality of innovation network data. Technology in Society, 25, 299-317.
225. Rycroft, R. & Kash, D. E. 1999. The Complexity Challenge: Technological Innovation for the 21st Century. New York, NY: Pinter.
226. Sahal, D. 1985. Technological guideposts and innovation avenues. Research Policy, 14,61-82.
227. Santoro, M. D. & Gopalakrishnan, S. 2000. The institutionalization of knowledge transfer activities within industry-university collaborative ventures. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 17,299-319.
228. Sawhney, M. & Prandelli, E. 2000. Communities of creation: managing distributed innovation in turbulent markets. California Management Review, 42(4), Summer, 24-54.
229. Schibany, A. & W. Polt 2001. Innovation and networks: an introduction to the theme. In Innovative Networks: Co-operation in National Innovation Systems (OECD Proceedings) (Paris, France: OECD), pp. 7-45.
230. Siegel, D. 2001. Strategic research partnerships and economic performance: data considerations. In Strategic Research Partnerships: Proceedings from an NSF Workshop (pp. 33-61). Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
231. Simonin, B. L. 1997. The importance of collaborative know-how: an empirical test of the learning organization. Academy of Management Journal, 40(5), 1150-1174.
232. Soh, P.-H. & Roberts, E. B. 2003. Networks of innovators: a longitudinal perspective. Research PoliCY, 32, 1569-1588.
233. Somaya, Deepak & David Teece. 2000. Combining inventions in multi-invention products: organizational chOices, patents, and public policy. Haas School of Business manuscript, University of California-Berkeley.
234. Spender, J .-C. 1996. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, Winter Special Issue, 45-62.
235. Stead, G. & Harrington, T. 2000. A process perspective of international research collaboration. Career Development Quarterly, 48, June, 323-331.
236. Stigler, G. J. 1968. The Organization of IndustJy. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
237. Stokes, D. 1997. Pasteur's Quadrant. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
238. Teece, D. 1984. Economic analysis and strategic management. California Management Review, 25, 87-110.
239. Teece, D. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 15(6), 285-305.
240. Teece, D. 1992. Competition, cooperation and innovation: organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological progress. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 18, 1-25.
241. Teece, D., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
242. Tidd, J. 2001. Innovation management in context: environment, organization and performance. International Journal of Management Reviews. 3(3) (September), pp.169-183.
243. Tijssen, R. J. W. 2001. Global and domestic utilization of industrial relevant science: patent citation analysis of science-technology interactions and knowledge flows. Research Policy, 30, 35-54.
244. Toole, A. A. 2000. The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry. Stanford Institute for Economic Research Discussion Paper, no. 00-07.
245. Tsoukas, H. 1996. The firm as a distributed knowledge system: a constructionist approach. Strategic Management Journal, 17, Winter Special Issue, 11-26.
246. Tushman, M. & P. Anderson. 1990. Technological discontinuities and dominant designs: A cyclical model of technological change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 604-633.
247. US House of Representatives, Committee on Science. 1998. Unlocking Our Future: Towards a New Science Policy. Washington, DC .
248. US National Science Foundation. 1985. Research & Development in Industry 1983. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
249. US National Science Foundation. 2002. Science and Engineering Indicators 2002. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
250. US Office of Technology Assessment. 1995. Innovation and Commercialization of Emerging Technologies. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
251. Utterback, J. M. & Abernathy, W. J. 1975. A dynamic model of process and product innovation. OMEGA: The international Journal of Management Science, 3(6), 424-441.
252. Vincenti, W. 1990. What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
253. von Hippel, E. 1987. Cooperation between rivals: informal know-how trading. Research Policy, 16, 291-302.
254. Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, 171-180.
255. White, L. 1985. Clearing the legal path to cooperative research. Technology Review, July, 39-44.
256. Whitley, R. 2003. Competition and pluralism in the public sciences: the impact of institutional frameworks on the organisation of academic science. Research Policy, 32, 1015-1029.
257. Winter, S. G. 2002. Understanding Dynamic Capabilities (Working Paper 2002-5). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania (The Reginald H. Jones Center, the Wharton School of Business).
258. Zander, L. 2002. The formation of international innovation networks in the multinational corporation: An evolutionary perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11,2,327-353.
259. Ziman,J. 1994. Prometheus Bound: Science in a Dynamic Steady State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.