Trans-organizational innovation: A framework for research

Technology Analysis and Strategic Management

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 399-418

  Millar, Jane ^a   Demaid, Adrian ^a   Quintas, Paul ^a  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000260174     PISSN: 09537325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09537329708524294     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. C. Freeman, The Economics of Hope (London, Pinter Publishers, 1992).
2. B. Kogut, 'Designing Global Strategies: Co-operative and Competitive Value Added Chains', Sloan Management Review, 26, 1985, pp.15-28.
3. F. Chesnais, 'National Systems of Innovation, Foreign Direct Investment and the Operations of Multinational Enterprises', in B.-A. Lundvall (Ed.), National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (London, Pinter Publishers, 1992), pp. 265-295.
4. B.-A. Lundvall, 'Introduction', in: B.-A. Lundvall (Ed.), National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (London, Pinter Publishers, 1992), pp. 1-19
5. B.-A. Lundvall, 'User-Producer Relationships, National Systems of Innovation and Internationalisation', in: B.-A. Lundvall (Ed.), National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (London, Pinter Publishers, 1992), pp. 45-67.
6. C. Antonelli, 'The Emergence of the Network Firm', in: C. Antonelli (Ed.), New Information Technology and Industrial Change: The Italian Case (Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988).
7. J. P. Womack, D. T. Jones & D. Roos, The Machine that Changed the World (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1990).
8. J. C. Jarillo & H. H. Stevenson, 'Co-operative Strategies: The Payoffs and the Pitfalls', Long Range Planning, 24, 1991.
9. C. Freeman & L. Soete, 'Conclusions', in: D. Foray & C. Freeman (Eds), Technology and the Wealth of Nations: The Dynamics of Constructed Advantage (London, Pinter Publishers, 1993), pp. 389-400.
10. M. J. Piore & C. F. Sable, The Second Industrial Divide (New York, Basic Books, 1984).
11. J. Curran & R. Blackburn, Small Firms and Local Economic Networks (London, Paul Chapman Publishing, 1994).
12. DTI, 'Technology Foresight Committee', presented at materials technology in a Competitive Electronics Industry, DTI Conference Centre, Victoria Street, London, 1997.
13. F. Kodama, Emerging Patterns of Innovation (Boston, Harvard Business School Press, 1991).
14. C. Antonelli, 'The Economic Theory of Information Networks', in: C. Antonelli (Ed.), The Economics of Information Networks (Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1992), pp. 1-27.
15. Ibid.
16. M. H. Best, The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1990). G. N. von Tunzelmann, Technology and Industrial Progress (Aldershot, Edward Elgar, 1995). Freeman, op. cit., Ref. 1. Piore & Sabel, op. cit., Ref. 10.
17. M. H. Best, The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1990). G. N. von Tunzelmann, Technology and Industrial Progress (Aldershot, Edward Elgar, 1995). Freeman, op. cit., Ref. 1. Piore & Sabel, op. cit., Ref. 10.
18. M. H. Best, The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1990). G. N. von Tunzelmann, Technology and Industrial Progress (Aldershot, Edward Elgar, 1995). Freeman, op. cit., Ref. 1. Piore & Sabel, op. cit., Ref. 10.
19. M. H. Best, The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1990). G. N. von Tunzelmann, Technology and Industrial Progress (Aldershot, Edward Elgar, 1995). Freeman, op. cit., Ref. 1. Piore & Sabel, op. cit., Ref. 10.
20. N. Rosenberg, Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982).
21. Kodama, op. cit., Ref. 13.
22. Freeman, op. cit., Ref. 1.
23. DTI, op. cit., Ref. 12.
24. D. Foray & B. -A. Lundvall, 'The Knowledge-based Economy: From the Economics of Knowledge . to the Learning Economy', in: OECD, Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy (Paris, OECD, 1996), pp. 11-32.
25. Ibid. M. Abramovitz & P. A. David, 'Technological Change and the Rise of Intangible Investments: The UK Economy's Growth-path in the Twentieth Century', in: OECD, Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy (Paris, OECD, 1996), pp. 35-60.
26. Ibid. M. Abramovitz & P. A. David, 'Technological Change and the Rise of Intangible Investments: The UK Economy's Growth-path in the Twentieth Century', in: OECD, Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy (Paris, OECD, 1996), pp. 35-60.
27. M. Hobday, 'Product Complexity, Innovation and Industrial Organisation', Research Policy, 1997.
28. K. Vian & R. Johansen, 'Knowledge Synthesis and Computer-based Communication Systems: Changing Behaviours and Concepts', in: R. L. Ruggles (Ed.), Knowledge Management Tools (Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997), pp. 187-208.
29. J. Fleck, 'Innofusion or Diffusation? The Nature of Technological Development in Robotics', University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, ESRC Programme on Information and Communication Technologies, Working Paper Series, 1988.
30. DTI, op. cit., Ref. 12.
31. R. L. Ruggles, 'Tools for Knowledge Management: An Introduction', in: R. L. Ruggles (Ed.), Knowledge Management Tools, Resources for the Knowledge-based Economy (Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, pp. 1-8.
32. M. Boden, The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms (London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1990).
33. H. M. Collins, 'Humans, Machines, and the Structure of Knowledge', in: R. L. Ruggles (Ed.), Knowledge Management Tools (Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997).
34. Ibid.
35. J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991). H. Dreyfuss & S. Dreyfuss, 'Why Computers May Never Think Like People', in: R. L. Ruggles (Ed.), Knowledge Management Tools (Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997), pp. 31-50.
36. J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991). H. Dreyfuss & S. Dreyfuss, 'Why Computers May Never Think Like People', in: R. L. Ruggles (Ed.), Knowledge Management Tools (Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997), pp. 31-50.
37. R. M. Bell, '"Learning" and the Accumulation of Industrial Technological Capacity in Developing Countries', in: Technological Capability in the Third World (London, Macmillan, 1984), pp. 187-209. C. J. Dahlman & F. V. Fonseca, 'From Technological Dependence to Technological Development: The Case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 154-182. P. Maxwell, 'Adequate Technological Strategy in an Imperfect Economic Context: a Case-study of the Evolution of the Acindar Steelplant in Rosario, Argentina', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 119-153. J. L. Enos & W. H. Park, The Adoption and Diffusion of Imported Technology: The Case of Korea (London, Croom Helm, 1988).
38. R. M. Bell, '"Learning" and the Accumulation of Industrial Technological Capacity in Developing Countries', in: Technological Capability in the Third World (London, Macmillan, 1984), pp. 187-209. C. J. Dahlman & F. V. Fonseca, 'From Technological Dependence to Technological Development: The Case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 154-182. P. Maxwell, 'Adequate Technological Strategy in an Imperfect Economic Context: a Case-study of the Evolution of the Acindar Steelplant in Rosario, Argentina', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 119-153. J. L. Enos & W. H. Park, The Adoption and Diffusion of Imported Technology: The Case of Korea (London, Croom Helm, 1988).
39. R. M. Bell, '"Learning" and the Accumulation of Industrial Technological Capacity in Developing Countries', in: Technological Capability in the Third World (London, Macmillan, 1984), pp. 187-209. C. J. Dahlman & F. V. Fonseca, 'From Technological Dependence to Technological Development: The Case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 154-182. P. Maxwell, 'Adequate Technological Strategy in an Imperfect Economic Context: a Case-study of the Evolution of the Acindar Steelplant in Rosario, Argentina', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 119-153. J. L. Enos & W. H. Park, The Adoption and Diffusion of Imported Technology: The Case of Korea (London, Croom Helm, 1988).
40. R. M. Bell, '"Learning" and the Accumulation of Industrial Technological Capacity in Developing Countries', in: Technological Capability in the Third World (London, Macmillan, 1984), pp. 187-209. C. J. Dahlman & F. V. Fonseca, 'From Technological Dependence to Technological Development: The Case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 154-182. P. Maxwell, 'Adequate Technological Strategy in an Imperfect Economic Context: a Case-study of the Evolution of the Acindar Steelplant in Rosario, Argentina', in: J. M. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries (New York, Macmillan, 1987), pp. 119-153. J. L. Enos & W. H. Park, The Adoption and Diffusion of Imported Technology: The Case of Korea (London, Croom Helm, 1988).
41. B.-A. Lundvall, National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (London, Pinter Publishers, 1992).
42. J.-C. Spender, 'Technology Projects as Trajectories through a Multi-dimensioned Innovation Space,' presented at Triple Helix Conference, Amsterdam, 1996. J. Seely Brown & J. Duguid, 'Organizational Learning and Communities of Practice: Towards a Unified View of Working, Learning and Innovation', in: H. Tsoukas (Ed.), New Thinking in Organizational Behaviour (Oxford, Heinemann, 1994), pp. 165-187. F. Blackler, 'Knowledge and the Theory of Organizations: Organizations as Activity Systems and the Reframing of Management', Journal of Management Studies, 30, 1993, pp. 863-884.
43. J.-C. Spender, 'Technology Projects as Trajectories through a Multi-dimensioned Innovation Space,' presented at Triple Helix Conference, Amsterdam, 1996. J. Seely Brown & J. Duguid, 'Organizational Learning and Communities of Practice: Towards a Unified View of Working, Learning and Innovation', in: H. Tsoukas (Ed.), New Thinking in Organizational Behaviour (Oxford, Heinemann, 1994), pp. 165-187. F. Blackler, 'Knowledge and the Theory of Organizations: Organizations as Activity Systems and the Reframing of Management', Journal of Management Studies, 30, 1993, pp. 863-884.
44. J.-C. Spender, 'Technology Projects as Trajectories through a Multi-dimensioned Innovation Space,' presented at Triple Helix Conference, Amsterdam, 1996. J. Seely Brown & J. Duguid, 'Organizational Learning and Communities of Practice: Towards a Unified View of Working, Learning and Innovation', in: H. Tsoukas (Ed.), New Thinking in Organizational Behaviour (Oxford, Heinemann, 1994), pp. 165-187. F. Blackler, 'Knowledge and the Theory of Organizations: Organizations as Activity Systems and the Reframing of Management', Journal of Management Studies, 30, 1993, pp. 863-884.
45. L. S. Vygotsky, Thought and Language (Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1986). J. V. Wertsch, Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1985). A. N. Leontev, Problems of the Development of the Mind (Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1981).
46. L. S. Vygotsky, Thought and Language (Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1986). J. V. Wertsch, Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1985). A. N. Leontev, Problems of the Development of the Mind (Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1981).
47. L. S. Vygotsky, Thought and Language (Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1986). J. V. Wertsch, Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1985). A. N. Leontev, Problems of the Development of the Mind (Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1981).
48. Lave & Wenger, op. cit., Ref. 31. B. Rogoff, Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990).
49. Lave & Wenger, op. cit., Ref. 31. B. Rogoff, Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990).
50. Lundvall, op. cit., Ref. 4.
51. T. Winograd & F. Flores, Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design (Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1986).
52. Op. cit., Ref. 34.
53. Boden, op.cit., Ref. 28.
54. L. L. Bucciarelli, Designing Engineers (Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1994).
55. Ibid.
56. D. Schön, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professions Think in Action (London, Basic Books, 1991).
57. Bucciarelli, op. cit., Ref. 41.
58. Ibid.
59. M. Polanyi, The Tacit Dimension (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967).
60. D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96.
61. Op. cit., Ref. 31.
62. M. Polanyi, Personal Knowledge (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958).
63. Foray & Lundvall, op. cit., Ref. 21.
64. I. Nonaka & H. Takeuchi, The Knowledge Creating Company (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995).
65. G. Dosi, 'The Contribution of Economic Theory to the Understanding of a Knowledge-based Economy', in: OECD, Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy (Paris, OECD, 1996), pp. 81-92.
66. L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106.
67. Foray & Lundvall, op. cit., Ref. 21.
68. Ibid.
69. Bucciarelli, op. cit., Ref. 41.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid.
72. H. A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, 2nd Edn (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press 1981). H. A. Simon, 'People and Computers: Their Role in Creative Design', in: C. M. University (Ed.), AI in Design '92 (Pittsburgh, PA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992).
73. H. A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, 2nd Edn (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press 1981). H. A. Simon, 'People and Computers: Their Role in Creative Design', in: C. M. University (Ed.), AI in Design '92 (Pittsburgh, PA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992).
74. Bucciarelli, op. cit., Ref. 41.
75. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
76. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
77. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
78. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
79. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
80. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
81. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
82. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
83. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
84. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
85. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
86. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
87. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
88. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
89. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); A. Genus, 'Walls and Bridges: Towards a Multi-disciplinary Approach to the Concept of Flexibility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1995, pp. 287-306; R.M. Henderson & K.B. Clark, 'Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technology and the Failure of Established Firms', Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1990; P. Hutcheson, A. W. Rearson & D. F. Ball, 'Sources of Technical Innovation in the Network of Companies Providing Chemical Process Plant and Equipment', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 25-41; L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; F. Malerba & L. Orsenigo, 'Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation Are Technology-specific', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 451-478; C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; A. Prencipe, Technological Competencies in the Jet Engine Industry: The Case of Rolls Royce, MSc Dissertation, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1995; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Technological Innovation, Organizational Linkages and Strategic Degrees of Freedom', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 5, 1993, pp. 273-284; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley, D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multi-nationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; U. Zander & B. Kogut, 'Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test', Organization Science, 6, 1995, pp. 76-92.
90. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M.
91. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
92. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
93. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
94. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
95. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
96. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
97. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
98. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
99. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
100. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
101. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
102. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
103. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
104. C. Alter & J. Hage, Organizations Working Together (London, SAGE Publications, 1993); K. Brockhoff, 'Technology Management in the Company of the Future', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 175-189; M. Gallon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102; P. A. Consulting Group, Manufacturing into the Late 1990's (London, DTI, 1989); G. Hedlund, 'A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 73-90; J. Lave & E. Wenger, Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participatio (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); L. H. Lynn, N. M. Reddy & J. D. Aram, 'Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework', Research Policy, 25, 1996, pp. 91-106; M. E. McGrath, Product Strategy for High Technology Corporations: How to Achieve Growth and Increased Profits (New York, Irwin Professional Publishing, 1995); C. C. Markides & P. J. Williamson, 'Related Diversification, Core Competences and Corporate Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 149-165; J. E. Millar, Interactive Learning in Situated Practice; Factors Mediating the New Production of Knowledge During iCASE Technology Interchange, DPhil Thesis, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1996; W. W. Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organizations', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, 1990, pp. 295-336; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; J. Tidd, 'Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks', Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1995, pp. 307-322; K. J. Tilley. D. J. Williams & P. P. Conway, 'Design and Manufacture by Foreign Electronics Multinationals in Singapore and Taiwan: Product Responsibilities in a Global Environment', in: Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 210, 1996, pp. 221-231; P. L. Robertson & R. N. Langlois, 'Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration', Research Policy, 24, 1995, pp. 543-562.
105. D. Leonard-Barton, 'Implementation as Mutual Adaptation of Technology and Organization', Research Policy, 17, 1988, pp. 251-267.
106. D. Foray & M. Gibbons, 'Discovery in the Context of Application', Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 53, 1996, pp. 263-277.
107. M. Callon, 'The Dynamics of Techno-economic Networks', in: R. Coombs, P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Change and Company Strategies: Economic and Sociological Perspectives (London, Academic Press, 1992), pp. 72-102.
108. Ibid.