메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 73, Issue 23, 2016, Pages 4433-4448

Mechanisms of viral mutation

Author keywords

Evolution; Genetic diversity; Hyper mutation; Mutation rate; Post replicative repair; Replication fidelity; Virus

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; AZACITIDINE; CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; RIBAVIRIN;

EID: 84978174753     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: 14209071     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2299-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (644)

References (171)
  • 2
    • 40849097775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtlGntbo%3D, PID: 18319742
    • Duffy S, Shackelton LA, Holmes EC (2008) Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants. Nat Rev Genet 9:267–276
    • (2008) Nat Rev Genet , vol.9 , pp. 267-276
    • Duffy, S.1    Shackelton, L.A.2    Holmes, E.C.3
  • 3
    • 84863713754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From molecular genetics to phylodynamics: evolutionary relevance of mutation rates across viruses
    • PID: 22570614
    • Sanjuán R (2012) From molecular genetics to phylodynamics: evolutionary relevance of mutation rates across viruses. PLoS Pathog 8:e1002685
    • (2012) PLoS Pathog , vol.8
    • Sanjuán, R.1
  • 4
    • 0036371443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling viral and immune system dynamics
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xhslyit7c%3D, PID: 11905835
    • Perelson AS (2002) Modelling viral and immune system dynamics. Nat Rev Immunol 2:28–36
    • (2002) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 28-36
    • Perelson, A.S.1
  • 5
    • 84990028964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs in interferon-fee regimens
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtVyhs7bE, PID: 27080301
    • Pawlotsky JM (2016) Hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs in interferon-fee regimens. Gastroenterology 151:70–86
    • (2016) Gastroenterology , vol.151 , pp. 70-86
    • Pawlotsky, J.M.1
  • 6
    • 84961783316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance-associated mutations to HCV protease inhibitors naturally pre-existed in HIV/HCV coinfected, treatment-naive patients
    • Cao Y, Bao Y, Xia W, Wu H, Wei F, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xu X (2016) Resistance-associated mutations to HCV protease inhibitors naturally pre-existed in HIV/HCV coinfected, treatment-naive patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2016.02.004
    • (2016) Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol
    • Cao, Y.1    Bao, Y.2    Xia, W.3    Wu, H.4    Wei, F.5    Zhang, Y.6    Zhang, R.7    Xu, X.8
  • 8
    • 84908241222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza vaccines: a moving interdisciplinary field
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXisV2qsLc%3D, PID: 25302957
    • Schotsaert M, García-Sastre A (2014) Influenza vaccines: a moving interdisciplinary field. Viruses 6:3809–3826
    • (2014) Viruses , vol.6 , pp. 3809-3826
    • Schotsaert, M.1    García-Sastre, A.2
  • 9
    • 0024273119 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXjs1SmsQ%3D%3D, PID: 2460925
    • Roberts JD, Bebenek K, Kunkel TA (1988) The accuracy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1. Science 242:1171–1173
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 1171-1173
    • Roberts, J.D.1    Bebenek, K.2    Kunkel, T.A.3
  • 10
    • 0027064537 scopus 로고
    • Lack of evidence for proofreading mechanisms associated with an RNA virus polymerase
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXps1OnsQ%3D%3D, PID: 1336756
    • Steinhauer DA, Domingo E, Holland JJ (1992) Lack of evidence for proofreading mechanisms associated with an RNA virus polymerase. Gene 122:281–288
    • (1992) Gene , vol.122 , pp. 281-288
    • Steinhauer, D.A.1    Domingo, E.2    Holland, J.J.3
  • 11
    • 85016934946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking outside the triangle: replication fidelity of the largest RNA viruses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslahtLo%3D, PID: 26958717
    • Smith EC, Sexton NR, Denison MR (2014) Thinking outside the triangle: replication fidelity of the largest RNA viruses. Annu Rev Virol 1:111–132
    • (2014) Annu Rev Virol , vol.1 , pp. 111-132
    • Smith, E.C.1    Sexton, N.R.2    Denison, M.R.3
  • 12
    • 2342488635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased DNA polymerase fidelity of the Lamivudine resistant variants of human hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFWlurs%3D, PID: 15469692
    • Hong YB, Choi Y, Jung G (2004) Increased DNA polymerase fidelity of the Lamivudine resistant variants of human hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. J Biochem Mol Biol 37:167–176
    • (2004) J Biochem Mol Biol , vol.37 , pp. 167-176
    • Hong, Y.B.1    Choi, Y.2    Jung, G.3
  • 13
    • 77955698962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates and intrinsic fidelity of retroviral reverse transcriptases
    • PID: 21994586
    • Menéndez-Arias L (2009) Mutation rates and intrinsic fidelity of retroviral reverse transcriptases. Viruses 1:1137–1165
    • (2009) Viruses , vol.1 , pp. 1137-1165
    • Menéndez-Arias, L.1
  • 15
    • 12244297403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High rate of viral evolution associated with the emergence of carnivore parvovirus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXptFSksQ%3D%3D, PID: 15626758
    • Shackelton LA, Parrish CR, Truyen U, Holmes EC (2005) High rate of viral evolution associated with the emergence of carnivore parvovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:379–384
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 379-384
    • Shackelton, L.A.1    Parrish, C.R.2    Truyen, U.3    Holmes, E.C.4
  • 16
    • 33645229142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic evidence for the rapid evolution of human B19 erythrovirus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjt1KisLk%3D, PID: 16537636
    • Shackelton LA, Holmes EC (2006) Phylogenetic evidence for the rapid evolution of human B19 erythrovirus. J Virol 80:3666–3669
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 3666-3669
    • Shackelton, L.A.1    Holmes, E.C.2
  • 17
    • 37849014296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic evidence for rapid rates of molecular evolution in the single-stranded DNA begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmtFCktA%3D%3D, PID: 17977971
    • Duffy S, Holmes EC (2008) Phylogenetic evidence for rapid rates of molecular evolution in the single-stranded DNA begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus. J Virol 82:957–965
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 957-965
    • Duffy, S.1    Holmes, E.C.2
  • 19
    • 84880818242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of African swine fever virus: proposal for a new classification and molecular dating of the virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1Cmtr7L, PID: 23936068
    • Michaud V, Randriamparany T, Albina E (2013) Comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of African swine fever virus: proposal for a new classification and molecular dating of the virus. PLoS One 8:e69662
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Michaud, V.1    Randriamparany, T.2    Albina, E.3
  • 21
    • 80555129637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol and reactive species increase basal sequence heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus and produce variants with reduced susceptibility to antivirals
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFGjs73N, PID: 22087316
    • Seronello S, Montanez J, Presleigh K, Barlow M, Park SB, Choi J (2011) Ethanol and reactive species increase basal sequence heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus and produce variants with reduced susceptibility to antivirals. PLoS One 6:e27436
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Seronello, S.1    Montanez, J.2    Presleigh, K.3    Barlow, M.4    Park, S.B.5    Choi, J.6
  • 22
    • 84875972169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postreplicative mismatch repair
    • PID: 23545421
    • Jiricny J (2013) Postreplicative mismatch repair. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a012633
    • (2013) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol , vol.5 , pp. a012633
    • Jiricny, J.1
  • 23
    • 70649093019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point mutation rate of bacteriophage ΦX174
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFWjsLrE, PID: 19652180
    • Cuevas JM, Duffy S, Sanjuán R (2009) Point mutation rate of bacteriophage ΦX174. Genetics 183:747–749
    • (2009) Genetics , vol.183 , pp. 747-749
    • Cuevas, J.M.1    Duffy, S.2    Sanjuán, R.3
  • 24
    • 0025954276 scopus 로고
    • Counterselection of GATC sequences in enterobacteriophages by the components of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlt1yks7w%3D, PID: 1920448
    • Deschavanne P, Radman M (1991) Counterselection of GATC sequences in enterobacteriophages by the components of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system. J Mol Evol 33:125–132
    • (1991) J Mol Evol , vol.33 , pp. 125-132
    • Deschavanne, P.1    Radman, M.2
  • 25
    • 84930932821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viruses and the DNA damage response: activation and antagonism
    • PID: 26958736
    • Luftig MA (2014) Viruses and the DNA damage response: activation and antagonism. Annu Rev Virol 1:605–625
    • (2014) Annu Rev Virol , vol.1 , pp. 605-625
    • Luftig, M.A.1
  • 26
    • 77957951602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomes in conflict: maintaining genome integrity during virus infection
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVeisL%2FP, PID: 20690823
    • Weitzman MD, Lilley CE, Chaurushiya MS (2010) Genomes in conflict: maintaining genome integrity during virus infection. Annu Rev Microbiol 64:61–81
    • (2010) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 61-81
    • Weitzman, M.D.1    Lilley, C.E.2    Chaurushiya, M.S.3
  • 28
    • 77955090647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the mutation rate
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptlWnsb8%3D, PID: 20594608
    • Lynch M (2010) Evolution of the mutation rate. Trends Genet 26:345–352
    • (2010) Trends Genet , vol.26 , pp. 345-352
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 29
    • 84883774875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between mutation rate and genome size in riboviruses: mutation rate of bacteriophage Qβ
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVCjt7zK, PID: 23852383
    • Bradwell K, Combe M, Domingo-Calap P, Sanjuán R (2013) Correlation between mutation rate and genome size in riboviruses: mutation rate of bacteriophage Qβ. Genetics 195:243–251
    • (2013) Genetics , vol.195 , pp. 243-251
    • Bradwell, K.1    Combe, M.2    Domingo-Calap, P.3    Sanjuán, R.4
  • 30
    • 26444433215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and utilization of an ATM signaling pathway by polyomavirus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFWisbvO, PID: 16189003
    • Dahl J, You J, Benjamin TL (2005) Induction and utilization of an ATM signaling pathway by polyomavirus. J Virol 79:13007–13017
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 13007-13017
    • Dahl, J.1    You, J.2    Benjamin, T.L.3
  • 31
    • 84866178768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human papillomaviruses recruit cellular DNA repair and homologous recombination factors to viral replication centers
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Cgsb7P, PID: 22740399
    • Gillespie KA, Mehta KP, Laimins LA, Moody CA (2012) Human papillomaviruses recruit cellular DNA repair and homologous recombination factors to viral replication centers. J Virol 86:9520–9526
    • (2012) J Virol , vol.86 , pp. 9520-9526
    • Gillespie, K.A.1    Mehta, K.P.2    Laimins, L.A.3    Moody, C.A.4
  • 32
    • 84874726456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parvovirus infection-induced DNA damage response
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjsFKru7g%3D, PID: 25429305
    • Luo Y, Qiu J (2013) Parvovirus infection-induced DNA damage response. Future Virol 8:245–257
    • (2013) Future Virol , vol.8 , pp. 245-257
    • Luo, Y.1    Qiu, J.2
  • 33
    • 0028057972 scopus 로고
    • Deletion of the E4 region of the genome produces adenovirus DNA concatemers
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXpvVWhsQ%3D%3D, PID: 8278357
    • Weiden MD, Ginsberg HS (1994) Deletion of the E4 region of the genome produces adenovirus DNA concatemers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:153–157
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 153-157
    • Weiden, M.D.1    Ginsberg, H.S.2
  • 34
    • 78649336706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA damage response: making it safe to play with knives
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlCjtr7P, PID: 20965415
    • Ciccia A, Elledge SJ (2010) The DNA damage response: making it safe to play with knives. Mol Cell 40:179–204
    • (2010) Mol Cell , vol.40 , pp. 179-204
    • Ciccia, A.1    Elledge, S.J.2
  • 36
    • 0038809107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single mutation in poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase confers resistance to mutagenic nucleotide analogs via increased fidelity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkslOms7k%3D, PID: 12754380
    • Pfeiffer JK, Kirkegaard K (2003) A single mutation in poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase confers resistance to mutagenic nucleotide analogs via increased fidelity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:7289–7294
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 7289-7294
    • Pfeiffer, J.K.1    Kirkegaard, K.2
  • 37
    • 84873023551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribavirin-resistant mutants of human enterovirus 71 express a high replication fidelity phenotype during growth in cell culture
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXltV2itL8%3D, PID: 23175376
    • Sadeghipour S, Bek EJ, McMinn PC (2013) Ribavirin-resistant mutants of human enterovirus 71 express a high replication fidelity phenotype during growth in cell culture. J Virol 87:1759–1769
    • (2013) J Virol , vol.87 , pp. 1759-1769
    • Sadeghipour, S.1    Bek, E.J.2    McMinn, P.C.3
  • 38
    • 84899079298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of human enterovirus 71 high-replication-fidelity variants in AG129 mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXovVyiurw%3D, PID: 24623423
    • Meng T, Kwang J (2014) Attenuation of human enterovirus 71 high-replication-fidelity variants in AG129 mice. J Virol 88:5803–5815
    • (2014) J Virol , vol.88 , pp. 5803-5815
    • Meng, T.1    Kwang, J.2
  • 39
    • 78449244303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fidelity variants of RNA dependent RNA polymerases uncover an indirect, mutagenic activity of amiloride compounds
    • PID: 21060812
    • Levi LI, Gnadig NF, Beaucourt S, McPherson MJ, Baron B, Arnold JJ, Vignuzzi M (2010) Fidelity variants of RNA dependent RNA polymerases uncover an indirect, mutagenic activity of amiloride compounds. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001163
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog , vol.6
    • Levi, L.I.1    Gnadig, N.F.2    Beaucourt, S.3    McPherson, M.J.4    Baron, B.5    Arnold, J.J.6    Vignuzzi, M.7
  • 40
    • 80053164707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1eksbbO, PID: 21896755
    • Coffey LL, Beeharry Y, Bordería AV, Blanc H, Vignuzzi M (2011) Arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:16038–16043
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 16038-16043
    • Coffey, L.L.1    Beeharry, Y.2    Bordería, A.V.3    Blanc, H.4    Vignuzzi, M.5
  • 43
    • 78651097570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXkslSktQ%3D%3D, PID: 21148772
    • Gong P, Peersen OB (2010) Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:22505–22510
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 22505-22510
    • Gong, P.1    Peersen, O.B.2
  • 44
    • 34447517120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-function relationships of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: fidelity, replication speed, and initiation mechanism determined by a residue in the ribose-binding pocket
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlvVajsbo%3D, PID: 17400557
    • Korneeva VS, Cameron CE (2007) Structure-function relationships of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: fidelity, replication speed, and initiation mechanism determined by a residue in the ribose-binding pocket. J Biol Chem 282:16135–16145
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 16135-16145
    • Korneeva, V.S.1    Cameron, C.E.2
  • 45
    • 21844431621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote site control of an active site fidelity checkpoint in a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlslyksrY%3D, PID: 15878882
    • Arnold JJ, Vignuzzi M, Stone JK, Andino R, Cameron CE (2005) Remote site control of an active site fidelity checkpoint in a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Biol Chem 280:25706–25716
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 25706-25716
    • Arnold, J.J.1    Vignuzzi, M.2    Stone, J.K.3    Andino, R.4    Cameron, C.E.5
  • 46
    • 84945893406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral polymerase-helicase complexes regulate replication fidelity to overcome intracellular nucleotide depletion
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslymurzI, PID: 26311883
    • Stapleford KA, Rozen-Gagnon K, Das PK, Saul S, Poirier EZ, Blanc H, Vidalain PO, Merits A, Vignuzzi M (2015) Viral polymerase-helicase complexes regulate replication fidelity to overcome intracellular nucleotide depletion. J Virol 89:11233–11244
    • (2015) J Virol , vol.89 , pp. 11233-11244
    • Stapleford, K.A.1    Rozen-Gagnon, K.2    Das, P.K.3    Saul, S.4    Poirier, E.Z.5    Blanc, H.6    Vidalain, P.O.7    Merits, A.8    Vignuzzi, M.9
  • 47
    • 0034310726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus mutators and antimutators: roles in evolution, pathogenesis and emergence
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosV2js7g%3D, PID: 11074294
    • Mansky LM, Cunningham KS (2000) Virus mutators and antimutators: roles in evolution, pathogenesis and emergence. Trends Genet 16:512–517
    • (2000) Trends Genet , vol.16 , pp. 512-517
    • Mansky, L.M.1    Cunningham, K.S.2
  • 48
    • 0018354876 scopus 로고
    • Mutator effects of alleles of phage T4 genes 32, 41, 44, and 45 in the presence of an antimutator polymerase
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXitVSis7k%3D, PID: 442526
    • Mufti S (1979) Mutator effects of alleles of phage T4 genes 32, 41, 44, and 45 in the presence of an antimutator polymerase. Virology 94:1–9
    • (1979) Virology , vol.94 , pp. 1-9
    • Mufti, S.1
  • 49
    • 0030819366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mutations in the Exo III motif of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene on enzyme activities, viral replication, and replication fidelity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmt1OmsbY%3D, PID: 9311864
    • Hwang YT, Liu BY, Coen DM, Hwang CB (1997) Effects of mutations in the Exo III motif of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene on enzyme activities, viral replication, and replication fidelity. J Virol 71:7791–7798
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 7791-7798
    • Hwang, Y.T.1    Liu, B.Y.2    Coen, D.M.3    Hwang, C.B.4
  • 50
    • 67650424326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger domain mutation affects enzyme activity, DNA replication efficiency, and fidelity of an exonuclease-deficient DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus type 1
    • PID: 19420083
    • Tian W, Hwang YT, Lu Q, Hwang CB (2009) Finger domain mutation affects enzyme activity, DNA replication efficiency, and fidelity of an exonuclease-deficient DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 83:7194–7201
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 7194-7201
    • Tian, W.1    Hwang, Y.T.2    Lu, Q.3    Hwang, C.B.4
  • 51
    • 84883438898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsVChs73K, PID: 23966862
    • Smith EC, Blanc H, Vignuzzi M, Denison MR (2013) Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003565
    • (2013) PLoS Pathog , vol.9
    • Smith, E.C.1    Blanc, H.2    Vignuzzi, M.3    Denison, M.R.4
  • 52
    • 84937511310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral quasispecies
    • Andino R, Domingo E (2015) Viral quasispecies. Virology 479–480C:46–51
    • (2015) Virology , vol.479–480C , pp. 46-51
    • Andino, R.1    Domingo, E.2
  • 53
    • 84939942920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOBECs and virus restriction
    • Harris RS, Dudley JP (2015) APOBECs and virus restriction. Virology 479–480C:131–145
    • (2015) Virology , vol.479–480C , pp. 131-145
    • Harris, R.S.1    Dudley, J.P.2
  • 54
    • 84861430206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ancient history of gene duplications, fusions and losses in the evolution of APOBEC3 mutators in mammals
    • PID: 22640020
    • Munk C, Willemsen A, Bravo IG (2012) An ancient history of gene duplications, fusions and losses in the evolution of APOBEC3 mutators in mammals. BMC Evol Biol 12:71
    • (2012) BMC Evol Biol , vol.12 , pp. 71
    • Munk, C.1    Willemsen, A.2    Bravo, I.G.3
  • 56
    • 0038363470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXks1CjtLw%3D, PID: 12750511
    • Lecossier D, Bouchonnet F, Clavel F, Hance AJ (2003) Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein. Science 300:1112
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1112
    • Lecossier, D.1    Bouchonnet, F.2    Clavel, F.3    Hance, A.J.4
  • 57
    • 0038681023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVelsL8%3D, PID: 12808466
    • Mangeat B, Turelli P, Caron G, Friedli M, Perrin L, Trono D (2003) Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Nature 424:99–103
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 99-103
    • Mangeat, B.1    Turelli, P.2    Caron, G.3    Friedli, M.4    Perrin, L.5    Trono, D.6
  • 58
  • 59
    • 20444416733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive editing of both hepatitis B virus DNA strands by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in vitro and in vivo
    • PID: 15919829
    • Suspène R, Guetard D, Henry M, Sommer P, Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP (2005) Extensive editing of both hepatitis B virus DNA strands by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:8321–8326
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 8321-8326
    • Suspène, R.1    Guetard, D.2    Henry, M.3    Sommer, P.4    Wain-Hobson, S.5    Vartanian, J.P.6
  • 60
    • 42049096136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for editing of human papillomavirus DNA by APOBEC3 in benign and precancerous lesions
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktlGjtLg%3D, PID: 18403710
    • Vartanian JP, Guétard D, Henry M, Wain-Hobson S (2008) Evidence for editing of human papillomavirus DNA by APOBEC3 in benign and precancerous lesions. Science 320:230–233
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 230-233
    • Vartanian, J.P.1    Guétard, D.2    Henry, M.3    Wain-Hobson, S.4
  • 61
    • 79960413190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo
    • PID: 21632763
    • Suspène R, Aynaud MM, Koch S, Pasdeloup D, Labetoulle M, Gaertner B, Vartanian JP, Meyerhans A, Wain-Hobson S (2011) Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo. J Virol 85:7594–7602
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 7594-7602
    • Suspène, R.1    Aynaud, M.M.2    Koch, S.3    Pasdeloup, D.4    Labetoulle, M.5    Gaertner, B.6    Vartanian, J.P.7    Meyerhans, A.8    Wain-Hobson, S.9
  • 62
    • 84880231858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOBEC3G cytosine deamination hotspots are defined by both sequence context and single-stranded DNA secondary structure
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtValsbbK, PID: 23620282
    • Holtz CM, Sadler HA, Mansky LM (2013) APOBEC3G cytosine deamination hotspots are defined by both sequence context and single-stranded DNA secondary structure. Nucleic Acids Res 41:6139–6148
    • (2013) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.41 , pp. 6139-6148
    • Holtz, C.M.1    Sadler, H.A.2    Mansky, L.M.3
  • 64
    • 84899570504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positioning of APOBEC3G/F mutational hotspots in the human immunodeficiency virus genome favors reduced recognition by CD8 + T cells
    • PID: 24722422
    • Monajemi M, Woodworth CF, Zipperlen K, Gallant M, Grant MD, Larijani M (2014) Positioning of APOBEC3G/F mutational hotspots in the human immunodeficiency virus genome favors reduced recognition by CD8 + T cells. PLoS One 9:e93428
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Monajemi, M.1    Woodworth, C.F.2    Zipperlen, K.3    Gallant, M.4    Grant, M.D.5    Larijani, M.6
  • 65
    • 77953769689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOBEC3G contributes to HIV-1 variation through sublethal mutagenesis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVWls7fN, PID: 20463080
    • Sadler HA, Stenglein MD, Harris RS, Mansky LM (2010) APOBEC3G contributes to HIV-1 variation through sublethal mutagenesis. J Virol 84:7396–7404
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 7396-7404
    • Sadler, H.A.1    Stenglein, M.D.2    Harris, R.S.3    Mansky, L.M.4
  • 67
    • 84922418223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADARs and the balance game between virus infection and innate immune cell response
    • PID: 25502818
    • Tomaselli S, Galeano F, Locatelli F, Gallo A (2015) ADARs and the balance game between virus infection and innate immune cell response. Curr Issues Mol Biol 17:37–51
    • (2015) Curr Issues Mol Biol , vol.17 , pp. 37-51
    • Tomaselli, S.1    Galeano, F.2    Locatelli, F.3    Gallo, A.4
  • 68
    • 84870344968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic insights into editing-site specificity of ADARs
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVChurfE, PID: 23129636
    • Kuttan A, Bass BL (2012) Mechanistic insights into editing-site specificity of ADARs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:E3295–E3304
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.109 , pp. E3295-E3304
    • Kuttan, A.1    Bass, B.L.2
  • 69
    • 0023763122 scopus 로고
    • Biased hypermutation and other genetic changes in defective measles viruses in human brain infections
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhvVeq, PID: 3167982
    • Cattaneo R, Schmid A, Eschle D, Baczko K, ter Meulen V, Billeter MA (1988) Biased hypermutation and other genetic changes in defective measles viruses in human brain infections. Cell 55:255–265
    • (1988) Cell , vol.55 , pp. 255-265
    • Cattaneo, R.1    Schmid, A.2    Eschle, D.3    Baczko, K.4    ter Meulen, V.5    Billeter, M.A.6
  • 70
    • 0025848735 scopus 로고
    • Numerous transitions in human parainfluenza virus 3 RNA recovered from persistently infected cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhsFOqu7c%3D, PID: 1849685
    • Murphy DG, Dimock K, Kang CY (1991) Numerous transitions in human parainfluenza virus 3 RNA recovered from persistently infected cells. Virology 181:760–763
    • (1991) Virology , vol.181 , pp. 760-763
    • Murphy, D.G.1    Dimock, K.2    Kang, C.Y.3
  • 71
    • 0036275298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for the generation of multiple A to G transitions in the human respiratory syncytial virus genome: predicted RNA secondary structures as substrates for adenosine deaminases that act on RNA
    • PID: 12029160
    • Martínez I, Melero JA (2002) A model for the generation of multiple A to G transitions in the human respiratory syncytial virus genome: predicted RNA secondary structures as substrates for adenosine deaminases that act on RNA. J Gen Virol 83:1445–1455
    • (2002) J Gen Virol , vol.83 , pp. 1445-1455
    • Martínez, I.1    Melero, J.A.2
  • 72
    • 33846092075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-to-G hypermutation in the genome of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXms1SitA%3D%3D, PID: 17020943
    • Zahn RC, Schelp I, Utermohlen O, von Laer D (2007) A-to-G hypermutation in the genome of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J Virol 81:457–464
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 457-464
    • Zahn, R.C.1    Schelp, I.2    Utermohlen, O.3    von Laer, D.4
  • 75
    • 3142651460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vpr-mediated incorporation of UNG2 into HIV-1 particles is required to modulate the virus mutation rate and for replication in macrophages
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlt1Clu7Y%3D, PID: 15096517
    • Chen R, Le RE, Kearney JA, Mansky LM, Benichou S (2004) Vpr-mediated incorporation of UNG2 into HIV-1 particles is required to modulate the virus mutation rate and for replication in macrophages. J Biol Chem 279:28419–28425
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 28419-28425
    • Chen, R.1    Le, R.E.2    Kearney, J.A.3    Mansky, L.M.4    Benichou, S.5
  • 76
    • 0033925801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of vpr with uracil DNA glycosylase modulates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo mutation rate
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvFCmtbo%3D, PID: 10888643
    • Mansky LM, Preveral S, Selig L, Benarous R, Benichou S (2000) The interaction of vpr with uracil DNA glycosylase modulates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo mutation rate. J Virol 74:7039–7047
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 7039-7047
    • Mansky, L.M.1    Preveral, S.2    Selig, L.3    Benarous, R.4    Benichou, S.5
  • 78
    • 84876327353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation of HIV-1 mutation spectra among cell types
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXmtlCjurg%3D, PID: 23449788
    • Holtz CM, Mansky LM (2013) Variation of HIV-1 mutation spectra among cell types. J Virol 87:5296–5299
    • (2013) J Virol , vol.87 , pp. 5296-5299
    • Holtz, C.M.1    Mansky, L.M.2
  • 79
    • 70450172874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication mode and landscape topology differentially affect RNA virus mutational load and robustness
    • PID: 19776117
    • Sardanyés J, Solé RV, Elena SF (2009) Replication mode and landscape topology differentially affect RNA virus mutational load and robustness. J Virol 83:12579–12589
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 12579-12589
    • Sardanyés, J.1    Solé, R.V.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 80
    • 80052886584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quasispecies spatial models for RNA viruses with different replication modes and infection strategies
    • PID: 21949777
    • Sardanyés J, Elena SF (2011) Quasispecies spatial models for RNA viruses with different replication modes and infection strategies. PLoS One 6:e24884
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Sardanyés, J.1    Elena, S.F.2
  • 81
    • 77649199866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between mutation frequency and replication strategy in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
    • PID: 19906671
    • Thébaud G, Chadoeuf J, Morelli MJ, McCauley JW, Haydon DT (2010) The relationship between mutation frequency and replication strategy in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Proc Biol Sci 277:809–817
    • (2010) Proc Biol Sci , vol.277 , pp. 809-817
    • Thébaud, G.1    Chadoeuf, J.2    Morelli, M.J.3    McCauley, J.W.4    Haydon, D.T.5
  • 82
    • 0036118218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of spontaneous mutants and inferences about the replication mode of the RNA bacteriophage ϕ6
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xit1Gqu7o%3D, PID: 11884552
    • Chao L, Rang CU, Wong LE (2002) Distribution of spontaneous mutants and inferences about the replication mode of the RNA bacteriophage ϕ6. J Virol 76:3276–3281
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 3276-3281
    • Chao, L.1    Rang, C.U.2    Wong, L.E.3
  • 83
    • 84864626945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The three faces of riboviral spontaneous mutation: spectrum, mode of genome replication, and mutation rate
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFeisrnL, PID: 22844250
    • Garcia-Villada L, Drake JW (2012) The three faces of riboviral spontaneous mutation: spectrum, mode of genome replication, and mutation rate. PLoS Genet 8:e1002832
    • (2012) PLoS Genet , vol.8
    • Garcia-Villada, L.1    Drake, J.W.2
  • 84
    • 79960130276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of a plant RNA virus intracellular accumulation: stamping machine vs. geometric replication
    • PID: 21515574
    • Martínez F, Sardanyés J, Elena SF, Daròs JA (2011) Dynamics of a plant RNA virus intracellular accumulation: stamping machine vs. geometric replication. Genetics 188:637–646
    • (2011) Genetics , vol.188 , pp. 637-646
    • Martínez, F.1    Sardanyés, J.2    Elena, S.F.3    Daròs, J.A.4
  • 85
    • 85044694254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimentally guided models reveal replication principles that shape the mutation distribution of RNA viruses
    • Schulte MB, Draghi JA, Plotkin JB, Andino R (2015) Experimentally guided models reveal replication principles that shape the mutation distribution of RNA viruses. Elife 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.03753
    • (2015) Elife , pp. 4
    • Schulte, M.B.1    Draghi, J.A.2    Plotkin, J.B.3    Andino, R.4
  • 86
    • 84944213433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell analysis of RNA virus infection identifies multiple genetically diverse viral genomes within single infectious units
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhs1Squ7rF, PID: 26468746
    • Combe M, Garijo R, Geller R, Cuevas JM, Sanjuán R (2015) Single-cell analysis of RNA virus infection identifies multiple genetically diverse viral genomes within single infectious units. Cell Host Microbe 18:424–432
    • (2015) Cell Host Microbe , vol.18 , pp. 424-432
    • Combe, M.1    Garijo, R.2    Geller, R.3    Cuevas, J.M.4    Sanjuán, R.5
  • 87
    • 0021691544 scopus 로고
    • Construction and properties of a ribosome-binding site mutation in gene E of ϕX174 bacteriophage
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXls12gsA%3D%3D, PID: 6238174
    • Gillam S, Astell CR, Jahnke P, Hutchison CA III, Smith M (1984) Construction and properties of a ribosome-binding site mutation in gene E of ϕX174 bacteriophage. J Virol 52:892–896
    • (1984) J Virol , vol.52 , pp. 892-896
    • Gillam, S.1    Astell, C.R.2    Jahnke, P.3    Hutchison, C.A.4    Smith, M.5
  • 88
    • 0013926678 scopus 로고
    • The process of infection with bacteriophage ϕX174. X. Mutations in a ϕX lysis gene
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaF28XksV2rtL8%3D, PID: 5968177
    • Hutchison CA III, Sinsheimer RL (1966) The process of infection with bacteriophage ϕX174. X. Mutations in a ϕX lysis gene. J Mol Biol 18:429–447
    • (1966) J Mol Biol , vol.18 , pp. 429-447
    • Hutchison, C.A.1    Sinsheimer, R.L.2
  • 89
    • 1642529011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic details, optimization and phage life histories
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD283ntlOmug%3D%3D, PID: 16701232
    • Bull JJ, Pfennig DW, Wang IN (2004) Genetic details, optimization and phage life histories. Trends Ecol Evol 19:76–82
    • (2004) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 76-82
    • Bull, J.J.1    Pfennig, D.W.2    Wang, I.N.3
  • 90
    • 84858317177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common, non-optimal phenotypic endpoint in experimental adaptations of bacteriophage lysis time
    • PID: 22429718
    • Chantranupong L, Heineman RH (2012) A common, non-optimal phenotypic endpoint in experimental adaptations of bacteriophage lysis time. BMC Evol Biol 12:37
    • (2012) BMC Evol Biol , vol.12 , pp. 37
    • Chantranupong, L.1    Heineman, R.H.2
  • 91
    • 34347354221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing optimality with experimental evolution: lysis time in a bacteriophage
    • PID: 17598749
    • Heineman RH, Bull JJ (2007) Testing optimality with experimental evolution: lysis time in a bacteriophage. Evolution 61:1695–1709
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 1695-1709
    • Heineman, R.H.1    Bull, J.J.2
  • 92
    • 84866166124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside analogue mutagenesis of a single-stranded DNA virus: evolution and resistance
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlChs7fK, PID: 22740415
    • Domingo-Calap P, Pereira-Gómez M, Sanjuán R (2012) Nucleoside analogue mutagenesis of a single-stranded DNA virus: evolution and resistance. J Virol 86:9640–9646
    • (2012) J Virol , vol.86 , pp. 9640-9646
    • Domingo-Calap, P.1    Pereira-Gómez, M.2    Sanjuán, R.3
  • 93
    • 84897540760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed lysis confers resistance to the nucleoside analogue 5-fluorouracil and alleviates mutation accumulation in the single-stranded DNA bacteriophage ϕX174
    • PID: 24554658
    • Pereira-Gómez M, Sanjuán R (2014) Delayed lysis confers resistance to the nucleoside analogue 5-fluorouracil and alleviates mutation accumulation in the single-stranded DNA bacteriophage ϕX174. J Virol 88:5042–5049
    • (2014) J Virol , vol.88 , pp. 5042-5049
    • Pereira-Gómez, M.1    Sanjuán, R.2
  • 94
    • 0021872030 scopus 로고
    • The mutational specificity of DNA polymerase-beta during in vitro DNA synthesis. Production of frameshift, base substitution, and deletion mutations
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXitFKgsr8%3D, PID: 3988773
    • Kunkel TA (1985) The mutational specificity of DNA polymerase-beta during in vitro DNA synthesis. Production of frameshift, base substitution, and deletion mutations. J Biol Chem 260:5787–5796
    • (1985) J Biol Chem , vol.260 , pp. 5787-5796
    • Kunkel, T.A.1
  • 95
    • 77952304889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence context influences HIV replication fidelity by modulating reverse transcriptase binding and product release
    • PID: 20103867
    • Yamanaka R, Termini J (2007) Nucleotide sequence context influences HIV replication fidelity by modulating reverse transcriptase binding and product release. Biosci Trends 1:52–61
    • (2007) Biosci Trends , vol.1 , pp. 52-61
    • Yamanaka, R.1    Termini, J.2
  • 96
    • 0026528541 scopus 로고
    • 5-Azacytidine and RNA secondary structure increase the retrovirus mutation rate
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XktVSgsbo%3D, PID: 1373201
    • Pathak VK, Temin HM (1992) 5-Azacytidine and RNA secondary structure increase the retrovirus mutation rate. J Virol 66:3093–3100
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 3093-3100
    • Pathak, V.K.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 97
    • 4344592441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of HIV-1 genomic RNA in the gp120 gene determines a recombination hot spot in vivo
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvFCms7o%3D, PID: 15218022
    • Galetto R, Moumen A, Giacomoni V, Veron M, Charneau P, Negroni M (2004) The structure of HIV-1 genomic RNA in the gp120 gene determines a recombination hot spot in vivo. J Biol Chem 279:36625–36632
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 36625-36632
    • Galetto, R.1    Moumen, A.2    Giacomoni, V.3    Veron, M.4    Charneau, P.5    Negroni, M.6
  • 101
  • 102
    • 43849109664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable contexts and levels of hypermutation in HIV-1 proviral genomes recovered from primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmsVegsbw%3D, PID: 18436274
    • Kijak GH, Janini LM, Tovanabutra S, Sanders-Buell E, Arroyo MA, Robb ML, Michael NL, Birx DL, McCutchan FE (2008) Variable contexts and levels of hypermutation in HIV-1 proviral genomes recovered from primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virology 376:101–111
    • (2008) Virology , vol.376 , pp. 101-111
    • Kijak, G.H.1    Janini, L.M.2    Tovanabutra, S.3    Sanders-Buell, E.4    Arroyo, M.A.5    Robb, M.L.6    Michael, N.L.7    Birx, D.L.8    McCutchan, F.E.9
  • 104
    • 84902477967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive secondary structure elucidation of four genera of the family Pospiviroidae
    • PID: 24897295
    • Giguère T, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Perreault JP (2014) Comprehensive secondary structure elucidation of four genera of the family Pospiviroidae. PLoS One 9:e98655
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Giguère, T.1    Adkar-Purushothama, C.R.2    Perreault, J.P.3
  • 106
    • 84883187027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadly neutralizing antibodies and the search for an HIV-1 vaccine: the end of the beginning
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtlWkurrE, PID: 23969737
    • Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ (2013) Broadly neutralizing antibodies and the search for an HIV-1 vaccine: the end of the beginning. Nat Rev Immunol 13:693–701
    • (2013) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 693-701
    • Kwong, P.D.1    Mascola, J.R.2    Nabel, G.J.3
  • 109
    • 84857041376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate and adaptive immunity in bacteria: mechanisms of programmed genetic variation to fight bacteriophages
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjtFSjsb4%3D, PID: 22079134
    • Bikard D, Marraffini LA (2012) Innate and adaptive immunity in bacteria: mechanisms of programmed genetic variation to fight bacteriophages. Curr Opin Immunol 24:15–20
    • (2012) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 15-20
    • Bikard, D.1    Marraffini, L.A.2
  • 110
    • 84959096522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity-generating retroelements in phage and bacterial genomes
    • Guo H, Arambula D, Ghosh P, Miller JF (2014) Diversity-generating retroelements in phage and bacterial genomes. Microbiol Spectr 2:10–2014
    • (2014) Microbiol Spectr , vol.2 , pp. 10-2014
    • Guo, H.1    Arambula, D.2    Ghosh, P.3    Miller, J.F.4
  • 112
    • 34548607346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity-generating retroelements
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVOgsL3O, PID: 17703991
    • Medhekar B, Miller JF (2007) Diversity-generating retroelements. Curr Opin Microbiol 10:388–395
    • (2007) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 388-395
    • Medhekar, B.1    Miller, J.F.2
  • 115
    • 4644280174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropism switching in Bordetella bacteriophage defines a family of diversity-generating retroelements
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnslemu7g%3D, PID: 15386016
    • Doulatov S, Hodes A, Dai L, Mandhana N, Liu M, Deora R, Simons RW, Zimmerly S, Miller JF (2004) Tropism switching in Bordetella bacteriophage defines a family of diversity-generating retroelements. Nature 431:476–481
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 476-481
    • Doulatov, S.1    Hodes, A.2    Dai, L.3    Mandhana, N.4    Liu, M.5    Deora, R.6    Simons, R.W.7    Zimmerly, S.8    Miller, J.F.9
  • 117
    • 0020491170 scopus 로고
    • Sequence homologies of diverse length tandem repetitions near ends of vaccinia virus genome suggest unequal crossing over
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XmtV2ntb0%3D, PID: 6292846
    • Baroudy BM, Moss B (1982) Sequence homologies of diverse length tandem repetitions near ends of vaccinia virus genome suggest unequal crossing over. Nucleic Acids Res 10:5673–5679
    • (1982) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.10 , pp. 5673-5679
    • Baroudy, B.M.1    Moss, B.2
  • 118
    • 0019427382 scopus 로고
    • Instability and reiteration of DNA sequences within the vaccinia virus genome
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhslSqs7w%3D, PID: 6262819
    • Moss B, Winters E, Cooper N (1981) Instability and reiteration of DNA sequences within the vaccinia virus genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:1614–1618
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.78 , pp. 1614-1618
    • Moss, B.1    Winters, E.2    Cooper, N.3
  • 119
    • 84872851598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multiple faces of proteinkinase R in antiviral defense
    • PID: 23314571
    • Munir M, Berg M (2013) The multiple faces of proteinkinase R in antiviral defense. Virulence 4:85–89
    • (2013) Virulence , vol.4 , pp. 85-89
    • Munir, M.1    Berg, M.2
  • 120
    • 58749102026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase R reveals an evolutionary model for defeating viral mimicry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotlOksQ%3D%3D, PID: 19043403
    • Elde NC, Child SJ, Geballe AP, Malik HS (2009) Protein kinase R reveals an evolutionary model for defeating viral mimicry. Nature 457:485–489
    • (2009) Nature , vol.457 , pp. 485-489
    • Elde, N.C.1    Child, S.J.2    Geballe, A.P.3    Malik, H.S.4
  • 121
    • 58149234074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of protein kinase PKR alters sensitivity to viral inhibitors
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVenu73E, PID: 19043413
    • Rothenburg S, Seo EJ, Gibbs JS, Dever TE, Dittmar K (2009) Rapid evolution of protein kinase PKR alters sensitivity to viral inhibitors. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16:63–70
    • (2009) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.16 , pp. 63-70
    • Rothenburg, S.1    Seo, E.J.2    Gibbs, J.S.3    Dever, T.E.4    Dittmar, K.5
  • 122
    • 77953119721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and serological analysis of the epidemiology of myxoma virus in rabbits
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmsVSntL4%3D, PID: 20018465
    • Kerr PJ, Hone J, Perrin L, French N, Williams CK (2010) Molecular and serological analysis of the epidemiology of myxoma virus in rabbits. Vet Microbiol 143:167–178
    • (2010) Vet Microbiol , vol.143 , pp. 167-178
    • Kerr, P.J.1    Hone, J.2    Perrin, L.3    French, N.4    Williams, C.K.5
  • 124
    • 84894085257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the in vivo recombination rate for a plant RNA virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtVyms73O, PID: 24362963
    • Tromas N, Zwart MP, Poulain M, Elena SF (2014) Estimation of the in vivo recombination rate for a plant RNA virus. J Gen Virol 95:724–732
    • (2014) J Gen Virol , vol.95 , pp. 724-732
    • Tromas, N.1    Zwart, M.P.2    Poulain, M.3    Elena, S.F.4
  • 125
    • 2542583245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of competing beneficial mutations in an asexual population
    • PID: 9720276
    • Gerrish PJ, Lenski RE (1998) The fate of competing beneficial mutations in an asexual population. Genetica 102–103:127–144
    • (1998) Genetica , vol.102-103 , pp. 127-144
    • Gerrish, P.J.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 127
    • 84961134752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-fidelity polymerases of alphaviruses recombine at higher rates to overproduce defective interfering particles
    • PID: 26676773
    • Poirier EZ, Mounce BC, Rozen-Gagnon K, Hooikaas PJ, Stapleford KA, Moratorio G, Vignuzzi M (2015) Low-fidelity polymerases of alphaviruses recombine at higher rates to overproduce defective interfering particles. J Virol 90:2446–2454
    • (2015) J Virol , vol.90 , pp. 2446-2454
    • Poirier, E.Z.1    Mounce, B.C.2    Rozen-Gagnon, K.3    Hooikaas, P.J.4    Stapleford, K.A.5    Moratorio, G.6    Vignuzzi, M.7
  • 128
    • 0036961512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate and character of spontaneous mutation in an RNA virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1Wqu74%3D, PID: 12524327
    • Malpica JM, Fraile A, Moreno I, Obies CI, Drake JW, García-Arenal F (2002) The rate and character of spontaneous mutation in an RNA virus. Genetics 162:1505–1511
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.162 , pp. 1505-1511
    • Malpica, J.M.1    Fraile, A.2    Moreno, I.3    Obies, C.I.4    Drake, J.W.5    García-Arenal, F.6
  • 129
    • 0031907562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WIN 52035-dependent human rhinovirus 16: assembly deficiency caused by mutations near the canyon surface
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlt1Oitw%3D%3D, PID: 9445020
    • Wang W, Lee WM, Mosser AG, Rueckert RR (1998) WIN 52035-dependent human rhinovirus 16: assembly deficiency caused by mutations near the canyon surface. J Virol 72:1210–1218
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 1210-1218
    • Wang, W.1    Lee, W.M.2    Mosser, A.G.3    Rueckert, R.R.4
  • 130
    • 0024348186 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and molecular analyses of spontaneous mutants of human rhinovirus 14 that are resistant to an antiviral compound
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXksV2qtb4%3D, PID: 2542566
    • Heinz BA, Rueckert RR, Shepard DA, Dutko FJ, McKinlay MA, Fancher M, Rossmann MG, Badger J, Smith TJ (1989) Genetic and molecular analyses of spontaneous mutants of human rhinovirus 14 that are resistant to an antiviral compound. J Virol 63:2476–2485
    • (1989) J Virol , vol.63 , pp. 2476-2485
    • Heinz, B.A.1    Rueckert, R.R.2    Shepard, D.A.3    Dutko, F.J.4    McKinlay, M.A.5    Fancher, M.6    Rossmann, M.G.7    Badger, J.8    Smith, T.J.9
  • 131
    • 0026507679 scopus 로고
    • High frequency of single-base transitions and extreme frequency of precise multiple-base reversion mutations in poliovirus
    • PID: 1313561
    • de la Torre JC, Giachetti C, Semler BL, Holland JJ (1992) High frequency of single-base transitions and extreme frequency of precise multiple-base reversion mutations in poliovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2531–2535
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 2531-2535
    • de la Torre, J.C.1    Giachetti, C.2    Semler, B.L.3    Holland, J.J.4
  • 132
    • 0033598717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates among RNA viruses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXns1Oqtb0%3D, PID: 10570172
    • Drake JW, Holland JJ (1999) Mutation rates among RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13910–13913
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 13910-13913
    • Drake, J.W.1    Holland, J.J.2
  • 133
    • 0025044516 scopus 로고
    • Very high frequency of reversion to guanidine resistance in clonal pools of guanidine-dependent type 1 poliovirus
    • PID: 2153232
    • de la Torre JC, Wimmer E, Holland JJ (1990) Very high frequency of reversion to guanidine resistance in clonal pools of guanidine-dependent type 1 poliovirus. J Virol 64:664–671
    • (1990) J Virol , vol.64 , pp. 664-671
    • de la Torre, J.C.1    Wimmer, E.2    Holland, J.J.3
  • 134
    • 31144465690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkvF2lsg%3D%3D, PID: 16327776
    • Vignuzzi M, Stone JK, Arnold JJ, Cameron CE, Andino R (2006) Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population. Nature 439:344–348
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 344-348
    • Vignuzzi, M.1    Stone, J.K.2    Arnold, J.J.3    Cameron, C.E.4    Andino, R.5
  • 135
    • 67649112351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper-limit mutation rate estimation for a plant RNA virus
    • PID: 19324646
    • Sanjuán R, Agudelo-Romero P, Elena SF (2009) Upper-limit mutation rate estimation for a plant RNA virus. Biol Lett 5:394–396
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 394-396
    • Sanjuán, R.1    Agudelo-Romero, P.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 136
    • 77956850103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations in a plant RNA virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFOnu7vE, PID: 20439778
    • Tromas N, Elena SF (2010) The rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations in a plant RNA virus. Genetics 185:983–989
    • (2010) Genetics , vol.185 , pp. 983-989
    • Tromas, N.1    Elena, S.F.2
  • 137
    • 66149098217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ribavirin on the mutation rate and spectrum of hepatitis C virus in vivo
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtlGksLo%3D, PID: 19321623
    • Cuevas JM, González-Candelas F, Moya A, Sanjuán R (2009) The effect of ribavirin on the mutation rate and spectrum of hepatitis C virus in vivo. J Virol 83:5760–5764
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 5760-5764
    • Cuevas, J.M.1    González-Candelas, F.2    Moya, A.3    Sanjuán, R.4
  • 139
    • 36048969246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlKkurfO, PID: 17804504
    • Eckerle LD, Lu X, Sperry SM, Choi L, Denison MR (2007) High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants. J Virol 81:12135–12144
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 12135-12144
    • Eckerle, L.D.1    Lu, X.2    Sperry, S.M.3    Choi, L.4    Denison, M.R.5
  • 140
    • 0024431579 scopus 로고
    • Virus mutation frequencies can be greatly underestimated by monoclonal antibody neutralization of virions
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXjt1yltg%3D%3D, PID: 2479770
    • Holland JJ, de la Torre JC, Steinhauer DA, Clarke DK, Duarte EA, Domingo E (1989) Virus mutation frequencies can be greatly underestimated by monoclonal antibody neutralization of virions. J Virol 63:5030–5036
    • (1989) J Virol , vol.63 , pp. 5030-5036
    • Holland, J.J.1    de la Torre, J.C.2    Steinhauer, D.A.3    Clarke, D.K.4    Duarte, E.A.5    Domingo, E.6
  • 141
    • 0027221640 scopus 로고
    • Rates of spontaneous mutation among RNA viruses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkt1aitb8%3D, PID: 8387212
    • Drake JW (1993) Rates of spontaneous mutation among RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4171–4175
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 4171-4175
    • Drake, J.W.1
  • 142
    • 22544478419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of replication fidelity in an RNA virus
    • PID: 16006529
    • Furió V, Moya A, Sanjuán R (2005) The cost of replication fidelity in an RNA virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:10233–10237
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 10233-10237
    • Furió, V.1    Moya, A.2    Sanjuán, R.3
  • 143
    • 84893777917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in RNA virus mutation rates across host cells
    • PID: 24465205
    • Combe M, Sanjuán R (2014) Variation in RNA virus mutation rates across host cells. PLoS Pathog 10:e1003855
    • (2014) PLoS Pathog , vol.10
    • Combe, M.1    Sanjuán, R.2
  • 144
    • 0022477122 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the mutation rates of animal viruses: influenza A virus and poliovirus type 1
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XkvFahsLc%3D, PID: 3016304
    • Parvin JD, Moscona A, Pan WT, Leider JM, Palese P (1986) Measurement of the mutation rates of animal viruses: influenza A virus and poliovirus type 1. J Virol 59:377–383
    • (1986) J Virol , vol.59 , pp. 377-383
    • Parvin, J.D.1    Moscona, A.2    Pan, W.T.3    Leider, J.M.4    Palese, P.5
  • 145
    • 33645235646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the mutation rates of human influenza A and B viruses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjt1KisLc%3D, PID: 16537638
    • Nobusawa E, Sato K (2006) Comparison of the mutation rates of human influenza A and B viruses. J Virol 80:3675–3678
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 3675-3678
    • Nobusawa, E.1    Sato, K.2
  • 146
    • 0032981468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independence of evolutionary and mutational rates after transmission of avian influenza viruses to swine
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvVWnsrY%3D, PID: 9971766
    • Stech J, Xiong X, Scholtissek C, Webster RG (1999) Independence of evolutionary and mutational rates after transmission of avian influenza viruses to swine. J Virol 73:1878–1884
    • (1999) J Virol , vol.73 , pp. 1878-1884
    • Stech, J.1    Xiong, X.2    Scholtissek, C.3    Webster, R.G.4
  • 147
    • 78851471998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of polymerase replication fidelity with genetic evolution of influenza A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2) viruses
    • PID: 21264873
    • Wong KK, Bull RA, Rockman S, Scott G, Stelzer-Braid S, Rawlinson W (2011) Correlation of polymerase replication fidelity with genetic evolution of influenza A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2) viruses. J Med Virol 83:510–516
    • (2011) J Med Virol , vol.83 , pp. 510-516
    • Wong, K.K.1    Bull, R.A.2    Rockman, S.3    Scott, G.4    Stelzer-Braid, S.5    Rawlinson, W.6
  • 148
    • 84874714731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of spontaneous mutation frequencies in measles virus under nonselective conditions
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXltVOjt7c%3D, PID: 23255805
    • Zhang X, Rennick LJ, Duprex WP, Rima BK (2013) Determination of spontaneous mutation frequencies in measles virus under nonselective conditions. J Virol 87:2686–2692
    • (2013) J Virol , vol.87 , pp. 2686-2692
    • Zhang, X.1    Rennick, L.J.2    Duprex, W.P.3    Rima, B.K.4
  • 149
    • 0032889022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous mutation rate of measles virus: direct estimation based on mutations conferring monoclonal antibody resistance
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotFSlurw%3D, PID: 9847306
    • Schrag SJ, Rota PA, Bellini WJ (1999) Spontaneous mutation rate of measles virus: direct estimation based on mutations conferring monoclonal antibody resistance. J Virol 73:51–54
    • (1999) J Virol , vol.73 , pp. 51-54
    • Schrag, S.J.1    Rota, P.A.2    Bellini, W.J.3
  • 150
    • 0034801878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of spontaneous mutations in an avian hepdnavirus infection
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnt1GhtLs%3D, PID: 11559794
    • Pult I, Abbott N, Zhang YY, Summers J (2001) Frequency of spontaneous mutations in an avian hepdnavirus infection. J Virol 75:9623–9632
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 9623-9632
    • Pult, I.1    Abbott, N.2    Zhang, Y.Y.3    Summers, J.4
  • 151
    • 0025030676 scopus 로고
    • Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXlt1OgtLY%3D, PID: 2201018
    • Pathak VK, Temin HM (1990) Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:6019–6023
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 6019-6023
    • Pathak, V.K.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 152
    • 0023801320 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the rate of base-pair substitution and insertion mutations in retrovirus replication
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXltVOmtLc%3D, PID: 2839703
    • Dougherty JP, Temin HM (1988) Determination of the rate of base-pair substitution and insertion mutations in retrovirus replication. J Virol 62:2817–2822
    • (1988) J Virol , vol.62 , pp. 2817-2822
    • Dougherty, J.P.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 153
    • 0026472578 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Moloney murine leukemia virus mutation rate with the fidelity of its reverse transcriptase in vitro
    • PID: 1280265
    • Varela-Echavarría A, Garvey N, Preston BD, Dougherty JP (1992) Comparison of Moloney murine leukemia virus mutation rate with the fidelity of its reverse transcriptase in vitro. J Biol Chem 267:24681–24688
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 24681-24688
    • Varela-Echavarría, A.1    Garvey, N.2    Preston, B.D.3    Dougherty, J.P.4
  • 154
    • 0026754157 scopus 로고
    • Direct determination of the point mutation rate of a murine retrovirus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XksVCgtr0%3D, PID: 1316475
    • Monk RJ, Malik FG, Stokesberry D, Evans LH (1992) Direct determination of the point mutation rate of a murine retrovirus. J Virol 66:3683–3689
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 3683-3689
    • Monk, R.J.1    Malik, F.G.2    Stokesberry, D.3    Evans, L.H.4
  • 155
    • 0028801333 scopus 로고
    • Genetic rearrangements occurring during a single cycle of murine leukemia virus vector replication: characterization and implications
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXptlOrsrc%3D, PID: 7494312
    • Parthasarathi S, Varela-Echavarría A, Ron Y, Preston BD, Dougherty JP (1995) Genetic rearrangements occurring during a single cycle of murine leukemia virus vector replication: characterization and implications. J Virol 69:7991–8000
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 7991-8000
    • Parthasarathi, S.1    Varela-Echavarría, A.2    Ron, Y.3    Preston, B.D.4    Dougherty, J.P.5
  • 157
    • 0028055280 scopus 로고
    • Lower mutation rate of bovine leukemia virus relative to that of spleen necrosis virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXpslOjsg%3D%3D, PID: 8254760
    • Mansky LM, Temin HM (1994) Lower mutation rate of bovine leukemia virus relative to that of spleen necrosis virus. J Virol 68:494–499
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 494-499
    • Mansky, L.M.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 158
    • 0033809519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 reverse transcription accuracy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnt1amu7k%3D, PID: 11000222
    • Mansky LM (2000) In vivo analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 reverse transcription accuracy. J Virol 74:9525–9531
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 9525-9531
    • Mansky, L.M.1
  • 159
    • 0029075130 scopus 로고
    • Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmvFWgtr0%3D, PID: 7541846
    • Mansky LM, Temin HM (1995) Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase. J Virol 69:5087–5094
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 5087-5094
    • Mansky, L.M.1    Temin, H.M.2
  • 160
    • 0033819409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and AZT-resistant reverse transcriptase can increase the in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnt1amu7Y%3D, PID: 11000223
    • Mansky LM, Bernard LC (2000) 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and AZT-resistant reverse transcriptase can increase the in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 74:9532–9539
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 9532-9539
    • Mansky, L.M.1    Bernard, L.C.2
  • 161
    • 1242274541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unselected mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome are mostly nonsynonymous and often deleterious
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhs1Slt7c%3D, PID: 14963138
    • Gao F, Chen Y, Levy DN, Conway JA, Kepler TB, Hui H (2004) Unselected mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome are mostly nonsynonymous and often deleterious. J Virol 78:2426–2433
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 2426-2433
    • Gao, F.1    Chen, Y.2    Levy, D.N.3    Conway, J.A.4    Kepler, T.B.5    Hui, H.6
  • 162
    • 12344288031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new cell-based assay for measuring the forward mutation rate of HIV-1
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksl2hsg%3D%3D, PID: 15664056
    • Huang KJ, Wooley DP (2005) A new cell-based assay for measuring the forward mutation rate of HIV-1. J Virol Methods 124:95–104
    • (2005) J Virol Methods , vol.124 , pp. 95-104
    • Huang, K.J.1    Wooley, D.P.2
  • 163
    • 77956820495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature, position, and frequency of mutations made in a single cycle of HIV-1 replication
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlarsrnL, PID: 20660205
    • Abram ME, Ferris AL, Shao W, Alvord WG, Hughes SH (2010) Nature, position, and frequency of mutations made in a single cycle of HIV-1 replication. J Virol 84:9864–9878
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 9864-9878
    • Abram, M.E.1    Ferris, A.L.2    Shao, W.3    Alvord, W.G.4    Hughes, S.H.5
  • 165
    • 0023676537 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the mutation rate of a retrovirus
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1czgtVymtw%3D%3D, PID: 2841464
    • Leider JM, Palese P, Smith FI (1988) Determination of the mutation rate of a retrovirus. J Virol 62:3084–3091
    • (1988) J Virol , vol.62 , pp. 3084-3091
    • Leider, J.M.1    Palese, P.2    Smith, F.I.3
  • 166
    • 4043051461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous mutant frequency and mutation spectrum for gene A of ϕX174 grown in E. coli
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXms1entLg%3D, PID: 15278916
    • Raney JL, Delongchamp RR, Valentine CR (2004) Spontaneous mutant frequency and mutation spectrum for gene A of ϕX174 grown in E. coli. Environ Mol Mutagen 44:119–127
    • (2004) Environ Mol Mutagen , vol.44 , pp. 119-127
    • Raney, J.L.1    Delongchamp, R.R.2    Valentine, C.R.3
  • 167
    • 0025886466 scopus 로고
    • A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlsFais7g%3D, PID: 1831267
    • Drake JW (1991) A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:7160–7164
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 7160-7164
    • Drake, J.W.1
  • 168
    • 77956858000 scopus 로고
    • The genetic of the lambdoid phages
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaF1MXjsVahsg%3D%3D
    • Dove WF (1968) The genetic of the lambdoid phages. Annu Rev Genet 2:305–340
    • (1968) Annu Rev Genet , vol.2 , pp. 305-340
    • Dove, W.F.1
  • 169
    • 0036095148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation spectra of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase mutants
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjslGmsro%3D, PID: 11992012
    • Lu Q, Hwang YT, Hwang CB (2002) Mutation spectra of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase mutants. J Virol 76:5822–5828
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 5822-5828
    • Lu, Q.1    Hwang, Y.T.2    Hwang, C.B.3
  • 170
    • 22144499619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the mutation rate of herpes simplex virus type 1
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntVGktrc%3D, PID: 15802515
    • Drake JW, Hwang CB (2005) On the mutation rate of herpes simplex virus type 1. Genetics 170:969–970
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.170 , pp. 969-970
    • Drake, J.W.1    Hwang, C.B.2
  • 171
    • 76949126150 scopus 로고
    • The frequency distribution of spontaneous bacteriophage mutants as evidence for the exponential rate of phage reproduction
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaG38%2Fnt1yltA%3D%3D, PID: 14942756
    • Luria SE (1951) The frequency distribution of spontaneous bacteriophage mutants as evidence for the exponential rate of phage reproduction. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 16:463–470
    • (1951) Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol , vol.16 , pp. 463-470
    • Luria, S.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.