메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 13-27

Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Current state of the art

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALARMIN; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR; GAMMA INTERFERON; INFLAMMASOME; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 21; INTERLEUKIN 22; INTERLEUKIN 23; INTERLEUKIN 23 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 5; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 9; MICRORNA; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; X BOX BINDING PROTEIN 1; REGULATORY RNA SEQUENCE;

EID: 84951919076     PISSN: 17595045     EISSN: 17595053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1155)

References (230)
  • 1
    • 50249143099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of a modern lifestyle: Reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Bernstein, C. N. & Shanahan, F. Disorders of a modern lifestyle: reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 57, 1185-1191 (2008).
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 1185-1191
    • Bernstein, C.N.1    Shanahan, F.2
  • 2
    • 84874652518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Ng, S. C. et al. Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 62, 630-649 (2013).
    • (2013) Gut , vol.62 , pp. 630-649
    • Ng, S.C.1
  • 3
    • 78651252504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic use and inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood
    • Hviid, A., Svanstrom, H. & Frisch, M. Antibiotic use and inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood. Gut 60, 49-54 (2011).
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , pp. 49-54
    • Hviid, A.1    Svanstrom, H.2    Frisch, M.3
  • 4
    • 33646381327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute gastroenteritis is followed by an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Garcia-Rodriguez, L. A., Ruigomez, A. & Panes, J. Acute gastroenteritis is followed by an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 130, 1588-1594 (2006).
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1588-1594
    • Garcia-Rodriguez, L.A.1    Ruigomez, A.2    Panes, J.3
  • 5
    • 84861331645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokers with active Crohn's disease have a clinically relevant dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota
    • Benjamin, J. L. et al. Smokers with active Crohn's disease have a clinically relevant dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. 18, 1092-1100 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 1092-1100
    • Benjamin, J.L.1
  • 6
    • 84871240431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin
    • Nickerson, K. P. & McDonald, C. Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin. PLoS ONE 7, e52132 (2012).
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e52132
    • Nickerson, K.P.1    McDonald, C.2
  • 7
    • 79952792088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn's disease
    • Nerich, V. et al. Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn's disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 33, 940-945 (2011).
    • (2011) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.33 , pp. 940-945
    • Nerich, V.1
  • 8
    • 82255174917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin levels in house dust samples and juvenile inflammatory bowel disease-A case-control study
    • Boneberger, A. et al. Endotoxin levels in house dust samples and juvenile inflammatory bowel disease-a case-control study. J. Crohns Colitis 5, 525-530 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Crohns Colitis , vol.5 , pp. 525-530
    • Boneberger, A.1
  • 9
    • 84857052430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygiene hypothesis and autoimmune diseases
    • Rook, G. A. Hygiene hypothesis and autoimmune diseases. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 42, 5-15 (2012).
    • (2012) Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. , vol.42 , pp. 5-15
    • Rook, G.A.1
  • 10
    • 48249118401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori colonization is inversely associated with childhood asthma
    • Chen, Y. & Blaser, M. J. Helicobacter pylori colonization is inversely associated with childhood asthma. J. Infect. Dis. 198, 553-560 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.198 , pp. 553-560
    • Chen, Y.1    Blaser, M.J.2
  • 11
    • 84857837581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the mystery of the hygiene hypothesis through Helicobacter pylori infection
    • Matsushima, K. & Nagai, S. Unraveling the mystery of the hygiene hypothesis through Helicobacter pylori infection. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 801-804 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 801-804
    • Matsushima, K.1    Nagai, S.2
  • 12
    • 84903447570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Saidel-Odes, L. & Odes, S. Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann. Gastroenterol. 27, 189-190 (2014).
    • (2014) Ann. Gastroenterol. , vol.27 , pp. 189-190
    • Saidel-Odes, L.1    Odes, S.2
  • 13
    • 0036306951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of common NOD2 variants in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease
    • Inoue, N. et al. Lack of common NOD2 variants in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 123, 86-91 (2002).
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 86-91
    • Inoue, N.1
  • 14
    • 0038235697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphism and Crohn's disease in the Chinese population
    • Leong, R. W. et al. NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphism and Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17, 1465-1470 (2003).
    • (2003) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.17 , pp. 1465-1470
    • Leong, R.W.1
  • 15
    • 33845340501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene
    • Duerr, R. H. et al. A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene. Science 314, 1461-1463 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1461-1463
    • Duerr, R.H.1
  • 16
    • 80054975975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Rivas, M. A. et al. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Genet. 43, 1066-1073 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Genet. , vol.43 , pp. 1066-1073
    • Rivas, M.A.1
  • 17
    • 84868336049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Jostins, L. et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491, 119-124 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.491 , pp. 119-124
    • Jostins, L.1
  • 18
    • 79751524964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ever-expanding function of NOD2: Autophagy, viral recognition, and T cell activation
    • Shaw, M. H., Kamada, N., Warner, N., Kim, Y. G. & Nunez, G. The ever-expanding function of NOD2: autophagy, viral recognition, and T cell activation. Trends Immunol. 32, 73-79 (2011).
    • (2011) Trends Immunol. , vol.32 , pp. 73-79
    • Shaw, M.H.1    Kamada, N.2    Warner, N.3    Kim, Y.G.4    Nunez, G.5
  • 19
    • 65249115914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 mutation suppresses transcription of human IL10 by inhibiting activity of the nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNP-A1
    • Noguchi, E., Homma, Y., Kang, X., Netea, M. G. & Ma, X. A Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 mutation suppresses transcription of human IL10 by inhibiting activity of the nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNP-A1. Nat. Immunol. 10, 471-479 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 471-479
    • Noguchi, E.1    Homma, Y.2    Kang, X.3    Netea, M.G.4    Ma, X.5
  • 20
    • 33846627302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1
    • Hampe, H. et al. A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1. Nat. Genet. 39, 207-211 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Genet. , vol.39 , pp. 207-211
    • Hampe, H.1
  • 21
    • 34347338690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility
    • Parkes, M. et al. Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat. Genet. 39, 830-832 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Genet. , vol.39 , pp. 830-832
    • Parkes, M.1
  • 22
    • 84890842812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association and functional role of Crohn disease risk alleles involved in microbial sensing, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
    • Hoefkens, E. et al. Genetic association and functional role of Crohn disease risk alleles involved in microbial sensing, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Autophagy 9, 2046-2055 (2013).
    • (2013) Autophagy , vol.9 , pp. 2046-2055
    • Hoefkens, E.1
  • 23
    • 78751672975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in immunity and inflammation
    • Levine, B., Mizushima, N. & Virgin, H. W. Autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Nature 469, 323-335 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , pp. 323-335
    • Levine, B.1    Mizushima, N.2    Virgin, H.W.3
  • 24
    • 77957682295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATG16L1 and NOD2 interact in an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis
    • Homer, C. R., Richmond, A. L., Rebert, N. A., Achkar, J. P. & McDonald, C. ATG16L1 and NOD2 interact in an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 139, 1630-1641. (2010).
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139 , pp. 1630-1641
    • Homer, C.R.1    Richmond, A.L.2    Rebert, N.A.3    Achkar, J.P.4    McDonald, C.5
  • 25
    • 78650430453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn disease: A current perspective on genetics, autophagy and immunity
    • Stappenbeck, T. S. et al. Crohn disease: a current perspective on genetics, autophagy and immunity. Autophagy 7, 355-374 (2011).
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , pp. 355-374
    • Stappenbeck, T.S.1
  • 26
    • 0037223561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between the C3435T MDR1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility for ulcerative colitis
    • Schwab, M. et al. Association between the C3435T MDR1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility for ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 124, 26-33 (2003).
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 26-33
    • Schwab, M.1
  • 27
    • 84897537811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and inflammatory bowel disease risk: A meta-analysis
    • Wang, J. et al. MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and inflammatory bowel disease risk: a meta-analysis. Mol. Biol. Rep. 41, 79-85 (2014).
    • (2014) Mol. Biol. Rep. , vol.41 , pp. 79-85
    • Wang, J.1
  • 28
    • 3042521641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient host-bacteria interactions in inflammatory bowel disease? the tolllike receptor (TLR)-4 Asp299gly polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
    • Franchimont, D. et al. Deficient host-bacteria interactions in inflammatory bowel disease? The tolllike receptor (TLR)-4 Asp299gly polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut 53, 987-992 (2004).
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 987-992
    • Franchimont, D.1
  • 29
    • 50249086073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetci risk for human inflammatory bowel disease
    • Kaser, A. et al. XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetci risk for human inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 134, 743-756 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 743-756
    • Kaser, A.1
  • 30
    • 58149159542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common variants in the NLRP3 region contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility
    • Villani, A. C. et al. Common variants in the NLRP3 region contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat. Genet. 41, 71-76 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Genet. , vol.41 , pp. 71-76
    • Villani, A.C.1
  • 31
    • 77954349661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of gut microbiota in the control of energy and carbohydrate metabolism
    • Venema, K. Role of gut microbiota in the control of energy and carbohydrate metabolism. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 13, 432-438 (2010).
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care , vol.13 , pp. 432-438
    • Venema, K.1
  • 32
    • 79955569490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing
    • Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Blaser, M. J., Ley, R. E. & Knight, R. Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing. Gastroenterology 140, 1713-1719 (2011).
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1713-1719
    • Dominguez-Bello, M.G.1    Blaser, M.J.2    Ley, R.E.3    Knight, R.4
  • 33
    • 80054020840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota
    • Lathrop, S. K. et al. Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota. Nature 478, 250-254 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.478 , pp. 250-254
    • Lathrop, S.K.1
  • 34
    • 35349016235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
    • Medzhitov, R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature 449, 819-826 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature , vol.449 , pp. 819-826
    • Medzhitov, R.1
  • 35
    • 84861980130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system
    • Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R. & Macpherson, A. J. Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system. Science 336, 1268-1273 (2012).
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 1268-1273
    • Hooper, L.V.1    Littman, D.R.2    Macpherson, A.J.3
  • 36
    • 7144255517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies combined with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: Prevalence and diagnostic role
    • Quinton, J. F. et al. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies combined with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and diagnostic role. Gut 42, 788-791 (1998).
    • (1998) Gut , vol.42 , pp. 788-791
    • Quinton, J.F.1
  • 37
    • 10744228695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of antibody responses to microbial antigens and complications of small bowel Crohn's disease
    • Mow, W. S. et al. Association of antibody responses to microbial antigens and complications of small bowel Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 126, 414-424 (2004).
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 414-424
    • Mow, W.S.1
  • 38
    • 2342646956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease
    • Lodes, M. J. et al. Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease. J. Clin. Invest. 113, 1296-1306 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.113 , pp. 1296-1306
    • Lodes, M.J.1
  • 39
    • 84865046984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition receptor and autophagy gene variants are associated with development of antimicrobial antibodies in Crohn's disease
    • Murdoch, T. B. et al. Pattern recognition receptor and autophagy gene variants are associated with development of antimicrobial antibodies in Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 1743-1748 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Murdoch, T.B.1
  • 40
    • 33746542174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against laminaribioside and chitobioside are novel serologic markers in Crohn's disease
    • Dotan, I. et al. Antibodies against laminaribioside and chitobioside are novel serologic markers in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 131, 366-378 (2006).
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.131 , pp. 366-378
    • Dotan, I.1
  • 41
    • 0025936625 scopus 로고
    • Reactivity of infiltrating T lymphocytes with microbial antigens in Crohn's disease
    • Pirzer, U., Schonhaar, A., Fleischer, B., Hermann, E. & MeyerzumBuschenfelde, K.-H. Reactivity of infiltrating T lymphocytes with microbial antigens in Crohn's disease. Lancet 338, 1238-1239 (1991).
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1238-1239
    • Pirzer, U.1    Schonhaar, A.2    Fleischer, B.3    Hermann, E.4    MeyerzumBuschenfelde, K.-H.5
  • 42
    • 0031915148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early lesions caused by infusion of intestinal contents in excluded ileum of Crohn's disease
    • D'Haens, G. et al. Early lesions caused by infusion of intestinal contents in excluded ileum of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 114, 262-267 (1998).
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 262-267
    • D'Haens, G.1
  • 43
    • 79955554300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Chassaing, B. & Darfeuille-Michaud, A. The commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology 140, 1720-1728 (2011).
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1720-1728
    • Chassaing, B.1    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.2
  • 44
    • 79952445703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease
    • Man, S. M., Kaakoush, N. O. & Mitchell, H. M. The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8, 152-168 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.8 , pp. 152-168
    • Man, S.M.1    Kaakoush, N.O.2    Mitchell, H.M.3
  • 45
    • 84870824919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiota of de-novo pediatric IBD: Increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and reduced bacterial diversity in Crohn's but not in ulcerative colitis
    • Hansen, R. et al. Microbiota of de-novo pediatric IBD: increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and reduced bacterial diversity in Crohn's but not in ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107, 1913-1922 (2012).
    • (2012) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.107 , pp. 1913-1922
    • Hansen, R.1
  • 46
    • 79959835543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the fecal microbiota profiles between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
    • Andoh, A. et al. Comparison of the fecal microbiota profiles between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J. Gastroenterol. 46, 479-486 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Gastroenterol. , vol.46 , pp. 479-486
    • Andoh, A.1
  • 47
    • 44449106055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease
    • Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L. & Kasper, D. L. A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature 453, 620-625 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.453 , pp. 620-625
    • Mazmanian, S.K.1    Round, J.L.2    Kasper, D.L.3
  • 48
    • 55949124035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients
    • Sokol, H. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 16731-16736 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 16731-16736
    • Sokol, H.1
  • 49
    • 84896092821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn's disease
    • Gevers, D. et al. The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn's disease. Cell Host Microbe 15, 382-392 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell Host Microbe , vol.15 , pp. 382-392
    • Gevers, D.1
  • 50
    • 70349756909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease: A three-stage model
    • Sewell, G. W., Marks, D. J. & Segal, A. W. The immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease: a three-stage model. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21, 506-513 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.21 , pp. 506-513
    • Sewell, G.W.1    Marks, D.J.2    Segal, A.W.3
  • 51
    • 80052641505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease: NOD2, autophagy and ER stress converge
    • Fritz, T., Niederreiter, L., Adolph, T., Blumberg, R. S. & Kaser, A. Crohn's disease: NOD2, autophagy and ER stress converge. Gut 60, 1580-1588 (2011).
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , pp. 1580-1588
    • Fritz, T.1    Niederreiter, L.2    Adolph, T.3    Blumberg, R.S.4    Kaser, A.5
  • 52
    • 77249150521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress and intestinal inflammation
    • Kaser, A. & Blumberg, R. S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol. 3, 11-16 (2010).
    • (2010) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 11-16
    • Kaser, A.1    Blumberg, R.S.2
  • 53
    • 77950298959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci
    • McGovern, D. P. B. et al. Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci. Nat. Genet. 42, 332-337 (2010).
    • (2010) Nat. Genet. , vol.42 , pp. 332-337
    • McGovern, D.P.B.1
  • 54
  • 55
    • 84922245262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Norman, J. M. et al. Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 160, 447-460 (2015).
    • (2015) Cell , vol.160 , pp. 447-460
    • Norman, J.M.1
  • 56
    • 82755168804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic mucosa-associated microbiota is influenced by an interaction of Crohn disease and FUT2 (Secretor) genotype
    • Rausch, P. et al. Colonic mucosa-associated microbiota is influenced by an interaction of Crohn disease and FUT2 (Secretor) genotype. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 19030-19035 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 19030-19035
    • Rausch, P.1
  • 57
    • 34548399000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae
    • Lupp, C. et al. Host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae. Cell Host Microbe 2, 119-129 (2007).
    • (2007) Cell Host Microbe , vol.2 , pp. 119-129
    • Lupp, C.1
  • 58
    • 84905506300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of delivery and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in the offspring: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
    • Bruce, A., Black, M. & Bhattacharya, S. Mode of delivery and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in the offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, 1217-1226 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 1217-1226
    • Bruce, A.1    Black, M.2    Bhattacharya, S.3
  • 59
    • 13244292161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract
    • Kobayashi, K. S. et al. Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract. Science 307, 731-734 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 731-734
    • Kobayashi, K.S.1
  • 60
    • 0142026070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible and constitutive β-defensins are differentially expressed in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
    • Wehkamp, J. et al. Inducible and constitutive β-defensins are differentially expressed in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 9, 215-223 (2003).
    • (2003) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 215-223
    • Wehkamp, J.1
  • 61
    • 29144483937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced Paneth cell α-defensins in ileal Crohn's disease
    • Wehkamp, J. et al. Reduced Paneth cell α-defensins in ileal Crohn's disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 18129-18134 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 18129-18134
    • Wehkamp, J.1
  • 62
    • 79955465792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complex interplay of NOD-like receptors and the autophagy machinery in the pathophysiology of Crohn disease
    • Billmann-Born, S. et al. The complex interplay of NOD-like receptors and the autophagy machinery in the pathophysiology of Crohn disease. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 90, 593-602 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. J. Cell Biol. , vol.90 , pp. 593-602
    • Billmann-Born, S.1
  • 63
    • 77649194674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive E. Coli are selectively favoured by impaired autophagy to replicate intracellularly
    • Lapaquette, P., Glasser, A. L., Huett, A., Xavier, R. J. & Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive, E. coli are selectively favoured by impaired autophagy to replicate intracellularly. Cell Microbiol. 12, 99-113 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell Microbiol. , vol.12 , pp. 99-113
    • Lapaquette, P.1    Glasser, A.L.2    Huett, A.3    Xavier, R.J.4    Darfeuille-Michaud, A.5
  • 64
    • 84879068635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte trafficking in the perpetuation of inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease
    • Brazil, J. C., Louis, N. A. & Parkos, C. A. The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte trafficking in the perpetuation of inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 19, 1556-1565 (2013).
    • (2013) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 1556-1565
    • Brazil, J.C.1    Louis, N.A.2    Parkos, C.A.3
  • 65
    • 84876800337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease
    • Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A. & Pollard, J. W. Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature 496, 445-455 (2013).
    • (2013) Nature , vol.496 , pp. 445-455
    • Wynn, T.A.1    Chawla, A.2    Pollard, J.W.3
  • 66
    • 84897556094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment
    • Martinez, F. O. & Gordon, S. The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment. F1000Prime Rep. 6, 13 (2014).
    • (2014) F1000Prime Rep. , vol.6 , pp. 13
    • Martinez, F.O.1    Gordon, S.2
  • 67
    • 85023181280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human intestinal macrophages display profound inflammatory anergy despite avid phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity
    • Smythies, L. E. et al. Human intestinal macrophages display profound inflammatory anergy despite avid phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 1066-1075 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.115 , pp. 1066-1075
    • Smythies, L.E.1
  • 68
    • 45749107055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique CD14 intestinal macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn disease via IL-23/IFN-γ axis
    • Kamada, N. et al. Unique CD14 intestinal macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn disease via IL-23/IFN-γ axis. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2269-2280 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , pp. 2269-2280
    • Kamada, N.1
  • 69
    • 69449105914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disordered macrophage cytokine secretion underlies impaired acute inflammation and bacterial clearance in Crohn's disease
    • Smith, A. M. et al. Disordered macrophage cytokine secretion underlies impaired acute inflammation and bacterial clearance in Crohn's disease. J. Exp. Med. 206, 1883-1897 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Exp. Med. , vol.206 , pp. 1883-1897
    • Smith, A.M.1
  • 70
    • 22544458771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human dendritic cells: Potent antigen-presenting cells at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity
    • Rossi, M. & Young, J. W. Human dendritic cells: potent antigen-presenting cells at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. J. Immunol. 175, 1373-1381 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.175 , pp. 1373-1381
    • Rossi, M.1    Young, J.W.2
  • 71
    • 70349208627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells in intestinal homeostasis and disease
    • Rescigno, M. & diSabatino, A. Dendritic cells in intestinal homeostasis and disease. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 2441-2450 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.119 , pp. 2441-2450
    • Rescigno, M.1    DiSabatino, A.2
  • 72
    • 18244387204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal immune homeostasis is regulated by the crosstalk between epithelial cells and dendritic cells
    • Rimoldi, M. et al. Intestinal immune homeostasis is regulated by the crosstalk between epithelial cells and dendritic cells. Nat. Immunol. 6, 507-514 (2005).
    • (2005) Nat. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 507-514
    • Rimoldi, M.1
  • 73
    • 22344448660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of intestinal dendritic cells in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Hart, A. L. et al. Characteristics of intestinal dendritic cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 129, 50-65 (2005).
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 50-65
    • Hart, A.L.1
  • 74
    • 30944434828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased number of mature dendritic cells in Crohn's disease: Evidence for a chemokine mediated retention mechanism
    • Middel, P., Raddatz, D., Gunawan, B., Haller, F. & Radzun, H. J. Increased number of mature dendritic cells in Crohn's disease: evidence for a chemokine mediated retention mechanism. Gut 55, 220-227 (2006).
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 220-227
    • Middel, P.1    Raddatz, D.2    Gunawan, B.3    Haller, F.4    Radzun, H.J.5
  • 75
    • 0022545059 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous secretion of IgG subclasses by intestinal mononuclear cells: Differences between ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and controls
    • Scott, M. G. et al. Spontaneous secretion of IgG subclasses by intestinal mononuclear cells: differences between ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and controls. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 66, 209-215 (1986).
    • (1986) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.66 , pp. 209-215
    • Scott, M.G.1
  • 76
    • 0024513777 scopus 로고
    • Antibody secretion by human intestinal mononuclear cells from normal controls and inflammatory bowel disease patients
    • MacDermott, R. P., Nash, G. S. & Nahm, M. H. Antibody secretion by human intestinal mononuclear cells from normal controls and inflammatory bowel disease patients. Immunol. Invest. 18, 449-457 (1989).
    • (1989) Immunol. Invest. , vol.18 , pp. 449-457
    • MacDermott, R.P.1    Nash, G.S.2    Nahm, M.H.3
  • 77
    • 0021966921 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of a colonic autoantigen specifically recognized by colon tissue-bound immunoglobulin G. from idiopathic ulcerative colitis
    • Takahashi, F. & Das, K. M. Isolation and characterization of a colonic autoantigen specifically recognized by colon tissue-bound immunoglobulin G. from idiopathic ulcerative colitis. J. Clin. Invest. 76, 311-318 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.76 , pp. 311-318
    • Takahashi, F.1    Das, K.M.2
  • 78
    • 0025055516 scopus 로고
    • A shared and unique epitope(s) on human colon, skin, and biliary epithelium detected by a monoclonal antibody
    • Das, K. M., Vecchi, M. & Sakamaki, S. A shared and unique epitope(s) on human colon, skin, and biliary epithelium detected by a monoclonal antibody. Gastroenterology 98, 464-469 (1990).
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.98 , pp. 464-469
    • Das, K.M.1    Vecchi, M.2    Sakamaki, S.3
  • 79
    • 0027232053 scopus 로고
    • Epithelial deposits of immunoglobulin G1 and activated complement colocalise with the Mr 40kD putative autoantigen in ulcerative colitis
    • Halstensen, T. S., Das, K. M. & Brandtzaeg, P. Epithelial deposits of immunoglobulin G1 and activated complement colocalise with the Mr 40kD putative autoantigen in ulcerative colitis. Gut 34, 650-657 (1993).
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 650-657
    • Halstensen, T.S.1    Das, K.M.2    Brandtzaeg, P.3
  • 80
    • 0031958070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropomyosin isoform in intestinal mucosa: Production of autoantibodies to tropomyosin isoforms in ulcerative colitis
    • Geng, X. et al. Tropomyosin isoform in intestinal mucosa: production of autoantibodies to tropomyosin isoforms in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 114, 912-922 (1998).
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 912-922
    • Geng, X.1
  • 81
    • 0025910090 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: A link between sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis
    • Duerr, R. H. et al. Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a link between sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 100, 1385-1391 (1991).
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 1385-1391
    • Duerr, R.H.1
  • 82
    • 0025345301 scopus 로고
    • Antibody to selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's and brewer' yeast) and Candida albicans in Crohn's disease
    • McKenzie, H., Main, J., Pennington, C. R. & Parratt, D. Antibody to selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's and brewer' yeast) and Candida albicans in Crohn's disease. Gut 31, 536-538 (1990).
    • (1990) Gut , vol.31 , pp. 536-538
    • McKenzie, H.1    Main, J.2    Pennington, C.R.3    Parratt, D.4
  • 83
    • 77954948735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effector T cell plasticity: Flexibility in the face of changing circumstances
    • Murphy, K. M. & Stockinger, B. Effector T cell plasticity: flexibility in the face of changing circumstances. Nat. Immunol. 11, 674-680 (2010).
    • (2010) Nat. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 674-680
    • Murphy, K.M.1    Stockinger, B.2
  • 85
    • 72949106340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H17 and Treg cell lineages: A (co-)evolutionary perspective
    • H17 and Treg cell lineages: a (co-)evolutionary perspective. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 883-889 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 883-889
    • Weaver, C.T.1    Hatton, R.D.2
  • 86
    • 0029813545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H1-like responses
    • H1-like responses. J. Clin. Invest. 98, 1010-1020 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.98 , pp. 1010-1020
    • Berg, D.J.1
  • 87
    • 33747777440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: IL-23 cross-regulates IL-12 production in T cell-dependent experimental colitis
    • Becker, C. et al. Cutting edge: IL-23 cross-regulates IL-12 production in T cell-dependent experimental colitis. J. Immunol. 177, 2760-2764 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Immunol. , vol.177 , pp. 2760-2764
    • Becker, C.1
  • 88
    • 34547734621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells
    • Annunziato, F. et al. Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1849-1861 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Exp. Med. , vol.204 , pp. 1849-1861
    • Annunziato, F.1
  • 89
    • 0037216498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Fujino, S. et al. Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 52, 65-70 (2003).
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 65-70
    • Fujino, S.1
  • 90
    • 15744390341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-21 enhances T-helper cell type i signaling and interferon-gamma production in Crohn's disease
    • Monteleone, G. et al. Interleukin-21 enhances T-helper cell type I signaling and interferon-gamma production in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 128, 687-694 (2005).
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 687-694
    • Monteleone, G.1
  • 91
    • 41349121555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gut inflammation and TH17 cell response by interleukin-21
    • Fina, D. et al. Regulation of gut inflammation and TH17 cell response by interleukin-21. Gastroenterology 134, 1038-1048 (2008).
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.134 , pp. 1038-1048
    • Fina, D.1
  • 92
    • 33645829078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-22 is increased in active Crohn's disease and promotes proinflammatory gene expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration
    • Brand, S. et al. IL-22 is increased in active Crohn's disease and promotes proinflammatory gene expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 290, G827-G838 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. , vol.290 , pp. G827-G838
    • Brand, S.1
  • 93
    • 84890897895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + cells are depleted in actively inflamed colitis tissue
    • + cells are depleted in actively inflamed colitis tissue. Mucosal Immunol. 7, 124-133 (2014).
    • (2014) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 124-133
    • Leung, J.M.1
  • 94
    • 38849141814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-22 ameliorates intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis
    • Sugimoto, K. et al. IL-22 ameliorates intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 534-544 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , pp. 534-544
    • Sugimoto, K.1
  • 95
    • 35348948374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the intracellular bacterial sensor NOD2 programs dendritic cells to promote interleukin-17 production in human memory T cells
    • van Beelen, A. J. et al. Stimulation of the intracellular bacterial sensor NOD2 programs dendritic cells to promote interleukin-17 production in human memory T cells. Immunity 27, 660-669 (2007).
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.27 , pp. 660-669
    • Van Beelen, A.J.1
  • 96
    • 84902653958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TH9 cells that express the transcription factor PU.1 drive T cell-mediated colitis via IL-9 receptor signaling in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Gerlach, K. et al. TH9 cells that express the transcription factor PU.1 drive T cell-mediated colitis via IL-9 receptor signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Nat. Immunol. 15, 676-686 (2014).
    • (2014) Nat. Immunol. , vol.15 , pp. 676-686
    • Gerlach, K.1
  • 97
    • 84879747099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance in the intestine
    • Harrison, O. J. & Powrie, F. M. Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance in the intestine. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5, a018341 (2013).
    • (2013) Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. a018341
    • Harrison, O.J.1    Powrie, F.M.2
  • 98
    • 84883772859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced and natural regulatory T cells in the development of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Mayne, C. G. & Williams, C. B. Induced and natural regulatory T cells in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 19, 1772-1788 (2013).
    • (2013) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 1772-1788
    • Mayne, C.G.1    Williams, C.B.2
  • 100
    • 20444434616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +high T cells in inflammatory bowel disease
    • +high T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 128, 1868-1878 (2005).
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 1868-1878
    • Maul, J.1
  • 101
    • 4344682025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • bright T cells in human intestinal lamina propria as regulatory cells
    • bright T cells in human intestinal lamina propria as regulatory cells. J. Immunol. 173, 3119-3130 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.173 , pp. 3119-3130
    • Makita, S.1
  • 102
    • 34147196190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Insufficient suppressor function in the gut?
    • Huibregtse, I. L., vanLent, A. U. & van Deventer, S. J. H. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: insufficient suppressor function in the gut? Gut 56, 584-592 (2007).
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 584-592
    • Huibregtse, I.L.1    VanLent, A.U.2    Van Deventer, S.J.H.3
  • 103
    • 33646370647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • hi T-regulatory cells
    • hi T-regulatory cells. Blood 108, 253-261 (2006).
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 253-261
    • Valencia, X.1
  • 104
    • 51249084103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti tumour necrosis-alpha therapy increases the number of FOXP3 regulatory T cells in children affected by Crohn's disease
    • Ricciardelli, I., Lindley, K. J., Londei, M. & Quaratino, S. Anti tumour necrosis-alpha therapy increases the number of FOXP3 regulatory T cells in children affected by Crohn's disease. Immunology 125, 178-183 (2008).
    • (2008) Immunology , vol.125 , pp. 178-183
    • Ricciardelli, I.1    Lindley, K.J.2    Londei, M.3    Quaratino, S.4
  • 105
    • 80052573212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of regulatory T lymphocytes is increased in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and reversed by anti-TNFα treatment
    • Veltkamp, C. et al. Apoptosis of regulatory T lymphocytes is increased in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and reversed by anti-TNFα treatment. Gut 60, 1345-1353 (2011).
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , pp. 1345-1353
    • Veltkamp, C.1
  • 106
    • 84859879397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RORγt-dependent IL-17A-producing cells in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation
    • Kanai, T., Mikami, Y., Sujino, T., Hisamatsu, T. & Hibi, T. RORγt-dependent IL-17A-producing cells in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol. 5, 240-7 (2012).
    • (2012) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 240-247
    • Kanai, T.1    Mikami, Y.2    Sujino, T.3    Hisamatsu, T.4    Hibi, T.5
  • 107
    • 84905439631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + innate lymphoid cells and intestinal macrophages induces mucosal IL-22 production in Crohn's disease
    • + innate lymphoid cells and intestinal macrophages induces mucosal IL-22 production in Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, 1426-1434 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 1426-1434
    • Mizuno, S.1
  • 108
    • 77956190936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + natural killer cells in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease
    • + natural killer cells in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 139, 882-892. (2010).
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139 , pp. 882-892
    • Takayama, T.1
  • 109
    • 79960024210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells of patients with Crohn's disease
    • 226 e1-e2
    • + T cells of patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 141, 217-226, 226 e1-e2 (2011).
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 217-226
    • Pariente, B.1
  • 110
    • 84893694802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-13Rα2-bearing, type II NKT cells reactive to sulfatide self-antigen populate the mucosa of ulcerative colitis
    • Fuss, I. J. et al. IL-13Rα2-bearing, type II NKT cells reactive to sulfatide self-antigen populate the mucosa of ulcerative colitis. Gut 63, 1728-1736 (2014).
    • (2014) Gut , vol.63 , pp. 1728-1736
    • Fuss, I.J.1
  • 111
    • 77951878587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate lymphoid cells drive interleukin-23-dependent innate intestinal pathology
    • Buonocore, S. et al. Innate lymphoid cells drive interleukin-23-dependent innate intestinal pathology. Nature 464, 1371-1375 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 1371-1375
    • Buonocore, S.1
  • 112
    • 79958277385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-23-responsive innate lymphoid cells are increased in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Geremia, A. et al. IL-23-responsive innate lymphoid cells are increased in inflammatory bowel disease. J. Exp. Med. 208, 1127-1133 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Exp. Med. , vol.208 , pp. 1127-1133
    • Geremia, A.1
  • 113
    • 84867636023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate lymphoid cells: Balancing immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair in the intestine
    • Tait Wojno, E. D. & Artis, D. Innate lymphoid cells: balancing immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair in the intestine. Cell Host Microbe 12, 445-457 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell Host Microbe , vol.12 , pp. 445-457
    • Tait Wojno, E.D.1    Artis, D.2
  • 115
    • 5644241900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-lymphocyte death during shutdown of an immune response
    • Strasser, A. & Pellegrini, M. T-lymphocyte death during shutdown of an immune response. Trends Immunol. 11, 610-615 (2004).
    • (2004) Trends Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 610-615
    • Strasser, A.1    Pellegrini, M.2
  • 116
    • 0029847082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulated human lamina propria T cells manifest enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis
    • Boirivant, M. et al. Stimulated human lamina propria T cells manifest enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis. J. Clin. Invest. 98, 2616-2622 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.98 , pp. 2616-2622
    • Boirivant, M.1
  • 117
    • 0033565302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Crohn's disease T-cells to multiple apoptotic stimuli is associated with a Bcl-2/Bax mucosal imbalance
    • Ina, K. et al. Resistance of Crohn's disease T-cells to multiple apoptotic stimuli is associated with a Bcl-2/Bax mucosal imbalance. J. Immunol. 163, 1081-1090 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 1081-1090
    • Ina, K.1
  • 118
    • 0036263171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 negatively regulates intestinal immunity by delaying mucosal T cell cycling
    • Sturm, A., Itoh, J., Jacobberger, J. W. & Fiocchi, C. p53 negatively regulates intestinal immunity by delaying mucosal T cell cycling. J. Clin. Invest. 109, 1481-1492 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.109 , pp. 1481-1492
    • Sturm, A.1    Itoh, J.2    Jacobberger, J.W.3    Fiocchi, C.4
  • 119
    • 7244251444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent cell cycle kinetics underlie the distinct functional capacity of mucosal T-cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)
    • Sturm, A. et al. Divergent cell cycle kinetics underlie the distinct functional capacity of mucosal T-cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Gut 53, 1624-1631 (2004).
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 1624-1631
    • Sturm, A.1
  • 120
    • 18344410191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: Evidence in Crohn disease and experimental colitis in vivo
    • Atreya, R. et al. Blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: evidence in Crohn disease and experimental colitis in vivo. Nat. Med. 6, 583-588 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 583-588
    • Atreya, R.1
  • 121
    • 84866743296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of survivin, via association with heat shock protein 90, in mucosal T cells from patients with Crohn's disease
    • de Souza, H. S. et al. Increased levels of survivin, via association with heat shock protein 90, in mucosal T cells from patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 143, 1017-1026.e9 (2012).
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.143 , pp. 1017-1017e9
    • De Souza, H.S.1
  • 122
    • 0242464926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T lymphocytes
    • + T lymphocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 1133-1145 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.111 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Tiede, I.1
  • 123
    • 0036151047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab treatment induces apoptosis of lamina propria T-lymphocytes in Crohn's disease
    • ten Hove, T., van Montfrans, C, Peppelenbosch, M. P. & van Deventer, S. J. H. Infliximab treatment induces apoptosis of lamina propria T-lymphocytes in Crohn's disease. Gut 50, 206-211 (2002).
    • (2002) Gut , vol.50 , pp. 206-211
    • Ten Hove, T.1    Van Montfrans, C.2    Peppelenbosch, M.P.3    Van Deventer, S.J.H.4
  • 124
    • 14044252848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adalimumab induces apoptosis of human monocytes: A comparative study with infliximab and etanercept
    • Shen, C. et al. Adalimumab induces apoptosis of human monocytes: a comparative study with infliximab and etanercept. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21, 251-258 (2005).
    • (2005) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.21 , pp. 251-258
    • Shen, C.1
  • 125
    • 0038047689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab but not etanercept induces apoptosis in lamina propria T-lymphocytes from patients with Crohn's disease
    • Van den Brande, J. M. et al. Infliximab but not etanercept induces apoptosis in lamina propria T-lymphocytes from patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 124, 1774-1785 (2003).
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 1774-1785
    • Van Den Brande, J.M.1
  • 126
    • 36749070996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of certolizumab (CDP870): In vitro comparison with other anti-tumor necrosis factors a agents
    • Nesbitt, A. et al. Mechanism of action of certolizumab (CDP870): in vitro comparison with other anti-tumor necrosis factors a agents. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13, 1323-1332 (2007).
    • (2007) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 1323-1332
    • Nesbitt, A.1
  • 127
    • 84899639879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Neurath, M. F. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 329-342 (2014).
    • (2014) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 329-342
    • Neurath, M.F.1
  • 128
    • 84890916350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New targets for mucosal healing and therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Neurath, M. F. New targets for mucosal healing and therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Mucosal Immunol. 7, 6-19 (2014).
    • (2014) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 6-19
    • Neurath, M.F.1
  • 129
    • 0003733137 scopus 로고
    • (eds Kirsner, J. B. & Shorter, R. G.) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
    • Fiocchi, C. & Podolsky, D. K. in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (eds Kirsner, J. B. & Shorter, R. G.) 252-280 (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995).
    • (1995) Inflammatory Bowel Disease , pp. 252-280
    • Fiocchi, C.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 130
    • 0030209985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + lamina propria lymphokine secretion profiles in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease LP cells manifest increased secretion of IFN-y, whereas ulcerative colitis LP cells manifest increased secretion of IL-5
    • + lamina propria lymphokine secretion profiles in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease LP cells manifest increased secretion of IFN-y, whereas ulcerative colitis LP cells manifest increased secretion of IL-5. J. Immunol. 157, 1261-1270 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.157 , pp. 1261-1270
    • Fuss, I.J.1
  • 131
    • 0030995575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 12 is expressed and actively released by Crohn's disease intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells
    • Monteleone, G. et al. Interleukin 12 is expressed and actively released by Crohn's disease intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells. Gastroenterology 112, 1169-1178 (1997).
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 1169-1178
    • Monteleone, G.1
  • 132
    • 0033152023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine, is up-regulated in Crohn's disease: Expression and localization in intestinal mucosal cells
    • Pizarro, T. P. et al. IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine, is up-regulated in Crohn's disease: expression and localization in intestinal mucosal cells. J. Immunol. 162, 6829-6835 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 6829-6835
    • Pizarro, T.P.1
  • 133
    • 0029936899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-4 in inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal immune reactivity
    • West, G. A., Matsuura, T., Levine, A. D., Klein, J. S. & Fiocchi, C. Interleukin-4 in inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal immune reactivity. Gastroenterology 110, 1683-1695 (1996).
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.110 , pp. 1683-1695
    • West, G.A.1    Matsuura, T.2    Levine, A.D.3    Klein, J.S.4    Fiocchi, C.5
  • 134
    • 85047690640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonclassical CD1d-restricted NK T cells that produce IL-13 characterize an atypical Th2 response in ulcerative colitis
    • Fuss, I. J. et al. Nonclassical CD1d-restricted NK T cells that produce IL-13 characterize an atypical Th2 response in ulcerative colitis. J. Clin. Invest. 113, 1490-1497 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.113 , pp. 1490-1497
    • Fuss, I.J.1
  • 135
    • 0028907439 scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulatory role of interleukin 10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Schreiber, S., Heinig, T., Thiele, H.-G. & Raedler, A. Immunoregulatory role of interleukin 10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 108, 1434-1444 (1995).
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108 , pp. 1434-1444
    • Schreiber, S.1    Heinig, T.2    Thiele, H.-G.3    Raedler, A.4
  • 136
    • 0031869524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ expression of interleukin-10 in noninflamed human gut and in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Autschbach, F et al. In situ expression of interleukin-10 in noninflamed human gut and in inflammatory bowel disease. Am. J. Pathol. 153, 121-130 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.153 , pp. 121-130
    • Autschbach, F.1
  • 137
    • 0027409322 scopus 로고
    • Localization of intestinal interleukin 1 activity, protein and gene expression to lamina propria cells
    • Youngman, K. R. et al. Localization of intestinal interleukin 1 activity, protein and gene expression to lamina propria cells. Gastroenterology 104, 749-758 (1993).
    • (1993) Gastroenterology , vol.104 , pp. 749-758
    • Youngman, K.R.1
  • 138
    • 33847000579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F Apoptosis of T cells and the control of inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic implications
    • Mudter, J. & Neurath, M. F Apoptosis of T cells and the control of inflammatory bowel disease: therapeutic implications. Gut 56, 293-303 (2007).
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 293-303
    • Mudter, J.1    Neurath, M.2
  • 139
    • 0026531017 scopus 로고
    • Tumour necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation
    • Braegger, C. P., Nicholls, S., Murch, S. H., Stephens, S. & MacDonald, T. T. Tumour necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Lancet 339, 89-91 (1992).
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 89-91
    • Braegger, C.P.1    Nicholls, S.2    Murch, S.H.3    Stephens, S.4    MacDonald, T.T.5
  • 140
    • 0030954732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor a for Crohn's disease
    • Targan, S. R. et al. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor a for Crohn's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 1029-1035 (1997).
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.337 , pp. 1029-1035
    • Targan, S.R.1
  • 141
    • 48449086316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta: A master of all T cell trades
    • Li, M. O. & Flavell, R. A. TGF-beta: a master of all T cell trades. Cell 134, 392-404 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 392-404
    • Li, M.O.1    Flavell, R.A.2
  • 142
    • 0034894059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking Smad7 restores TGF-p 1 signaling in chronic inflammatory bowel disease
    • Monteleone, G. et al. Blocking Smad7 restores TGF-p 1 signaling in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 601-609 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.108 , pp. 601-609
    • Monteleone, G.1
  • 143
    • 84925064199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mongersen, an oral SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotide, and Crohn's disease
    • Monteleone, G. et al. Mongersen, an oral SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotide, and Crohn's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 1104-1113 (2015).
    • (2015) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.372 , pp. 1104-1113
    • Monteleone, G.1
  • 144
    • 32144454172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation
    • Charo, I. F & Ransohoff, R. M. The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 610-621 (2006).
    • (2006) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.354 , pp. 610-621
    • Charo, I.F.1    Ransohoff, R.M.2
  • 145
    • 23844432299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-faceted strategies to combat disease by interference with the chemokine system
    • Johnson, Z., Schwarz, M., Power, C. A., Wells, T. N. & Proudfoot, A. E. Multi-faceted strategies to combat disease by interference with the chemokine system. Trends Immunol. 26, 268-274 (2005).
    • (2005) Trends Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 268-274
    • Johnson, Z.1    Schwarz, M.2    Power, C.A.3    Wells, T.N.4    Proudfoot, A.E.5
  • 146
    • 0026597457 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced synthesis of neutrophil-activating peptide-I/interleukin-8 in active ulcerative colitis
    • Mahida, Y. R. et al. Enhanced synthesis of neutrophil-activating peptide-I/interleukin-8 in active ulcerative colitis. Clin. Sci. 82, 273-275 (1992).
    • (1992) Clin. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 273-275
    • Mahida, Y.R.1
  • 147
    • 0001885778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa: Expression of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, and g-interferon-inducible protein 10 by macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and granulomas
    • Grimm, M. C. & Doe, W. F. Chemokines in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa: expression of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, and g-interferon-inducible protein 10 by macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and granulomas. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2, 88-96 (1996).
    • (1996) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 88-96
    • Grimm, M.C.1    Doe, W.F.2
  • 148
    • 0032788099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of IP-10, IL-8, MCP-1 and MCP-3 in ulcerative colitis
    • Uguccioni, M. et al. Increased expression of IP-10, IL-8, MCP-1 and MCP-3 in ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 331-336 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.155 , pp. 331-336
    • Uguccioni, M.1
  • 149
    • 33846216007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cells by mucosal endothelial cell-derived fractalkine in inflammatory bowel disease
    • + T-cells by mucosal endothelial cell-derived fractalkine in inflammatory bowel disease Gastroenterology 132, 139-153 (2007).
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , pp. 139-153
    • Sans, M.1
  • 150
    • 0034899072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCR9-positive lymphocytes and thymus-expressed chemokine distinguish small bowel from colonic Crohn's disease
    • Papadakis, K. A. et al. CCR9-positive lymphocytes and thymus-expressed chemokine distinguish small bowel from colonic Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 121, 246-254 (2001).
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.121 , pp. 246-254
    • Papadakis, K.A.1
  • 151
    • 33947427950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + regulatory T cells into chronically inflamed intestine
    • + regulatory T cells into chronically inflamed intestine. Gastroenterology 132, 966-981 (2007).
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.132 , pp. 966-981
    • Kang, S.G.1
  • 152
    • 0022398129 scopus 로고
    • Alterations of the intestinal mucosal block in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease-immunological and ultrastructural findings, and considerations of the pathogenesis
    • Gebbers, J. O. & Otto, H. F. Alterations of the intestinal mucosal block in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease-immunological and ultrastructural findings, and considerations of the pathogenesis. Klin. Padiatr. 197, 341-348 (1985).
    • (1985) Klin. Padiatr. , vol.197 , pp. 341-348
    • Gebbers, J.O.1    Otto, H.F.2
  • 153
    • 0023612719 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for function of Ia molecules on gut epithelial cells in man
    • Mayer, L. & Shlien, R. Evidence for function of Ia molecules on gut epithelial cells in man. J. Exp. Med. 166, 1471-1483 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Exp. Med. , vol.166 , pp. 1471-1483
    • Mayer, L.1    Shlien, R.2
  • 154
    • 0025165778 scopus 로고
    • Lack of induction of suppressor T cells by intestinal epithelial cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Mayer, L. & Eisenhardt, D. Lack of induction of suppressor T cells by intestinal epithelial cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J. Clin. Invest. 86, 1255-1260 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.86 , pp. 1255-1260
    • Mayer, L.1    Eisenhardt, D.2
  • 155
    • 0037847511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in ulcerative colitis
    • Dubuquoy, L. et al. Impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 124, 1538-1542 (2003).
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 1538-1542
    • Dubuquoy, L.1
  • 156
    • 84932629705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function
    • Birchenough, G. M. H. et al. New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function. Mucosal Immunol. 8, 712-719 (2015).
    • (2015) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 712-719
    • Birchenough, G.M.H.1
  • 157
    • 84922160830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier
    • Jakobsson, H. E. et al. The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier. EMBO Rep. 16, 164-177 (2015).
    • (2015) EMBO Rep. , vol.16 , pp. 164-177
    • Jakobsson, H.E.1
  • 158
    • 33745746660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection
    • Van der Sluis, M. et al. Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection. Gastroenterology 131, 117-129 (2006).
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.131 , pp. 117-129
    • Van Der Sluis, M.1
  • 159
    • 0033070061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in mucin gene expression in Crohn's disease
    • Buisine, M. P. et al. Abnormalities in mucin gene expression in Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 5, 24-32 (1999).
    • (1999) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.5 , pp. 24-32
    • Buisine, M.P.1
  • 160
    • 84891736162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Johansson, M. E. et al. Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 63, 281-291 (2014).
    • (2014) Gut , vol.63 , pp. 281-291
    • Johansson, M.E.1
  • 161
    • 34247239745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Various human epithelial cells express functional Toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 to produce antimicrobial peptides, but not proinflammatory cytokines
    • Uehara, A., Fujimoto, Y., Fukase, K. & Takada, H. Various human epithelial cells express functional Toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 to produce antimicrobial peptides, but not proinflammatory cytokines Mol. Immunol. 44, 3100-3111 (2007).
    • (2007) Mol. Immunol. , vol.44 , pp. 3100-3111
    • Uehara, A.1    Fujimoto, Y.2    Fukase, K.3    Takada, H.4
  • 162
    • 70350509805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease
    • Turner, J. R. Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 799-809 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 799-809
    • Turner, J.R.1
  • 163
    • 0020644991 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of 51-chromium-labelled ethylenediaminetetracetate in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Bjarnason, I., O'Morain, C., Levi, A. J. & Peters, T. J. Absorption of 51-chromium-labelled ethylenediaminetetracetate in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 85, 318-322 (1983).
    • (1983) Gastroenterology , vol.85 , pp. 318-322
    • Bjarnason, I.1    O'Morain, C.2    Levi, A.J.3    Peters, T.J.4
  • 164
    • 0027217379 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal permeability and the prediction of relapse in Crohn's disease
    • Wyatt, J., Vogelsang, H., Hubl, W., Waldhoer, T. & Lochs, H. Intestinal permeability and the prediction of relapse in Crohn's disease. Lancet 341, 1437-1439 (1993).
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 1437-1439
    • Wyatt, J.1    Vogelsang, H.2    Hubl, W.3    Waldhoer, T.4    Lochs, H.5
  • 165
    • 0022970442 scopus 로고
    • Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives
    • Hollander, D. et al. Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives. Ann. Intern. Med. 105, 883-885 (1986).
    • (1986) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.105 , pp. 883-885
    • Hollander, D.1
  • 166
    • 67249096227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight junctions, intestinal permeability, and autoimmunity: Celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms
    • Visser, J., Rozing, J., Sapone, A., Lammers, K. & Fasano, A. Tight junctions, intestinal permeability, and autoimmunity: celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1165, 195-205 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1165 , pp. 195-205
    • Visser, J.1    Rozing, J.2    Sapone, A.3    Lammers, K.4    Fasano, A.5
  • 167
    • 33144473772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: Role of CARD15 3020insC mutation?
    • Buhner, S. et al. Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation? Gut 55, 342-347 (2006).
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 342-347
    • Buhner, S.1
  • 168
    • 84863009612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The JAK2 variant rs10758669 in Crohn's disease: Altering the intestinal barrier as one mechanism of action
    • Prager, M. et al. The JAK2 variant rs10758669 in Crohn's disease: altering the intestinal barrier as one mechanism of action. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 27, 565-573 (2012).
    • (2012) Int. J. Colorectal Dis. , vol.27 , pp. 565-573
    • Prager, M.1
  • 169
    • 84876368974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MUC1 and MUC13 differentially regulate epithelial inflammation in response to inflammatory and infectious stimuli
    • Sheng, Y. H. et al. MUC1 and MUC13 differentially regulate epithelial inflammation in response to inflammatory and infectious stimuli. Mucosal Immunol. 6, 557-568 (2013).
    • (2013) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 557-568
    • Sheng, Y.H.1
  • 170
    • 67649888821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal fibrosis in IBD-A dynamic, multifactorial process
    • Rieder, F. & Fiocchi, C. Intestinal fibrosis in IBD-a dynamic, multifactorial process. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, 228-235 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.6 , pp. 228-235
    • Rieder, F.1    Fiocchi, C.2
  • 171
    • 33846488954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrogenesis in Crohn's disease
    • Burke, J. P. et al. Fibrogenesis in Crohn's disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102, 439-448 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.102 , pp. 439-448
    • Burke, J.P.1
  • 172
    • 84878759525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease complicated by strictures: A systematic review
    • Rieder, F., Zimmermann, E. M., Remzi, F. H. & Sandborn, W. J. Crohn's disease complicated by strictures: a systematic review. Gut 62, 1072-1084 (2013).
    • (2013) Gut , vol.62 , pp. 1072-1084
    • Rieder, F.1    Zimmermann, E.M.2    Remzi, F.H.3    Sandborn, W.J.4
  • 173
    • 84925610045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrosis in ulcerative colitis: Mechanisms, features, and consequences of a neglected problem
    • Gordon, I. O., Agrawal, N., Goldblum, J. R., Fiocchi, C. & Rieder, F. Fibrosis in ulcerative colitis: mechanisms, features, and consequences of a neglected problem. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, 2198-2206 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 2198-2206
    • Gordon, I.O.1    Agrawal, N.2    Goldblum, J.R.3    Fiocchi, C.4    Rieder, F.5
  • 174
    • 84863702343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of fibrosis: Therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease
    • Wynn, T. A. & Ramalingam, T. R. Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease. Nat. Med. 18, 1028-1040 (2012).
    • (2012) Nat. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 1028-1040
    • Wynn, T.A.1    Ramalingam, T.R.2
  • 175
    • 0242490282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced migration of fibroblasts in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of inflammatory mediators and focal adhesion kinase
    • Leeb, S. N. et al. Reduced migration of fibroblasts in inflammatory bowel disease: role of inflammatory mediators and focal adhesion kinase. Gastroenterology 125, 1341-1354 (2003).
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 1341-1354
    • Leeb, S.N.1
  • 176
    • 0033916643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imbalance of stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 in the mucosal lesions of children wih inflammatory bowel disease
    • Heuschkel, R. B. et al. Imbalance of stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 in the mucosal lesions of children wih inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 47, 57-62 (2000).
    • (2000) Gut , vol.47 , pp. 57-62
    • Heuschkel, R.B.1
  • 177
    • 2342417829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and localisation of matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in fistulae of patients with Crohn's disease
    • Kirkegaard, T., Hansen, A., Bruun, E. & Brynskov, J. Expression and localisation of matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in fistulae of patients with Crohn's disease. Gut 53, 701-709 (2004).
    • (2004) Gut , vol.53 , pp. 701-709
    • Kirkegaard, T.1    Hansen, A.2    Bruun, E.3    Brynskov, J.4
  • 178
    • 84864475184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis
    • Speca, S., Giusti, I., Rieder, F. & Latella, G. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 18, 3635-3661 (2012).
    • (2012) World J. Gastroenterol. , vol.18 , pp. 3635-3661
    • Speca, S.1    Giusti, I.2    Rieder, F.3    Latella, G.4
  • 179
    • 84880516251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut microbiome in intestinal fibrosis: Environmental protector or provocateur?
    • Rieder, F. The gut microbiome in intestinal fibrosis: environmental protector or provocateur? Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 190ps10 (2013).
    • (2013) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 190ps10
    • Rieder, F.1
  • 180
    • 33744510694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis as a novel components of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis
    • Danese, S. et al. Angiogenesis as a novel components of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 130, 2060-2073 (2006).
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 2060-2073
    • Danese, S.1
  • 181
    • 58649111743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VEGF-A links angiogenesis and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis
    • Scaldaferri, F. et al. VEGF-A links angiogenesis and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 136, 585-595.e5 (2009).
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.136 , pp. 585-585e5
    • Scaldaferri, F.1
  • 182
    • 84874105225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-angiogenic activity of TLRs and NLRs: A novel link between gut microbiota and intestinal angiogenesis
    • Schirbel, A. et al. Pro-angiogenic activity of TLRs and NLRs: a novel link between gut microbiota and intestinal angiogenesis. Gastroenterology 144, 613-623 e9 (2013).
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.144 , pp. 613-623e9
    • Schirbel, A.1
  • 183
    • 34249801207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis blockade as a new therapeutic approach to experimental colitis
    • Danese, S. et al. Angiogenesis blockade as a new therapeutic approach to experimental colitis. Gut 56, 855-862 (2007).
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 855-862
    • Danese, S.1
  • 184
    • 0038297520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelets trigger a CD40-dependent inflammatory response in the microvasculature of inflammatory bowel disease patients
    • Danese, S. et al. Platelets trigger a CD40-dependent inflammatory response in the microvasculature of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Gastroenterology 124, 1249-1264 (2003).
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 1249-1264
    • Danese, S.1
  • 185
    • 38349133365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease
    • Van Kruiningen, H. J. & Colombel, J. F. The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease. Gut 57, 1-4 (2008).
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 1-4
    • Van Kruiningen, H.J.1    Colombel, J.F.2
  • 186
    • 30744477450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphangiogenesis in development and human disease
    • Alitalo, K., Tammela, T. & Petrova, T. V. Lymphangiogenesis in development and human disease. Nature 438, 946-953 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 946-953
    • Alitalo, K.1    Tammela, T.2    Petrova, T.V.3
  • 187
    • 84898851511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic dysfunction
    • Liao, S. & von der Weid, P. Y. Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic dysfunction. Angiogenesis 17, 325-334 (2014).
    • (2014) Angiogenesis , vol.17 , pp. 325-334
    • Liao, S.1    Von Der Weid, P.Y.2
  • 188
    • 84907012640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VEGF-C-dependent stimulation of lymphatic function ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease
    • D'Alessio, S. et al. VEGF-C-dependent stimulation of lymphatic function ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease. J. Clin. Invest. 124, 3863-3878 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.124 , pp. 3863-3878
    • D'Alessio, S.1
  • 189
    • 0026597769 scopus 로고
    • Colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in inflammatory bowel disease. A digitized morphometric immunohistochemical study
    • Kubota, Y. et al. Colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in inflammatory bowel disease. A digitized morphometric immunohistochemical study. Gastroenterology 102, 1242-1251 (1992).
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.102 , pp. 1242-1251
    • Kubota, Y.1
  • 190
    • 34547627275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of neuropeptides in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Gross, K. J. & Pothoulakis, C. Role of neuropeptides in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13, 918-932 (2007).
    • (2007) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 918-932
    • Gross, K.J.1    Pothoulakis, C.2
  • 191
    • 84924083372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut connectome: Making sense of what you eat
    • Bohorquez, D. V. & Liddle, R. A. The gut connectome: making sense of what you eat. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 888-890 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.125 , pp. 888-890
    • Bohorquez, D.V.1    Liddle, R.A.2
  • 192
    • 84924086092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging roles of gut microbiota and the immune system in the development of the enteric nervous system
    • Kabouridis, P. S. & Pachnis, V. Emerging roles of gut microbiota and the immune system in the development of the enteric nervous system. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 956-964 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.125 , pp. 956-964
    • Kabouridis, P.S.1    Pachnis, V.2
  • 193
  • 194
    • 48149091097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemic inflammation: Pondering obesity
    • Nathan, C. Epidemic inflammation: pondering obesity. Mol. Med. 14, 485-492 (2008).
    • (2008) Mol. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 485-492
    • Nathan, C.1
  • 195
    • 0348230958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
    • Weisberg, S. P. et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 1796-1808 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.112 , pp. 1796-1808
    • Weisberg, S.P.1
  • 197
    • 20344394428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Adipocytokines and visceral adipose tissue-emerging role in intestinal and mesenteric diseases
    • Schaffler, A., Scholmerich, J. & Buchler, C. Mechanisms of disease: adipocytokines and visceral adipose tissue-emerging role in intestinal and mesenteric diseases. Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2, 103-111 (2005).
    • (2005) Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.2 , pp. 103-111
    • Schaffler, A.1    Scholmerich, J.2    Buchler, C.3
  • 198
    • 0036209411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease clinical course and severity in obese patients
    • Blain, A. et al. Crohn's disease clinical course and severity in obese patients. Clin. Nutr. 21, 51-57 (2002).
    • (2002) Clin. Nutr. , vol.21 , pp. 51-57
    • Blain, A.1
  • 199
    • 84925819779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of abdominal visceral adipose tissue on disease outcome in pediatric Crohn's disease
    • Uko, V. et al. Impact of abdominal visceral adipose tissue on disease outcome in pediatric Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, 2286-2269 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 2286-2289
    • Uko, V.1
  • 200
    • 33745270586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling adipocytokine secretion from creeping fat in Crohn's disease
    • Paul, G. et al. Profiling adipocytokine secretion from creeping fat in Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12, 471-477 (2006).
    • (2006) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 471-477
    • Paul, G.1
  • 201
    • 83555177321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenteric fat as a source of C reactive protein and as a target for bacterial translocation in Crohn's disease
    • Peyrin-Biroulet, L. et al. Mesenteric fat as a source of C reactive protein and as a target for bacterial translocation in Crohn's disease. Gut 61, 78-85 (2012).
    • (2012) Gut , vol.61 , pp. 78-85
    • Peyrin-Biroulet, L.1
  • 202
    • 83555176392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adipocytes: Old actors in obesity and new protagonists in Crohn's disease?
    • Zulian, A. et al. Visceral adipocytes: old actors in obesity and new protagonists in Crohn's disease? Gut 61, 86-94 (2012).
    • (2012) Gut , vol.61 , pp. 86-94
    • Zulian, A.1
  • 204
    • 84923357083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostasis inflammation, and disease susceptibility
    • Kotas, M. E. & Medzhitov, R. Homeostasis, inflammation, and disease susceptibility. Cell 160, 816-827 (2015).
    • (2015) Cell , vol.160 , pp. 816-827
    • Kotas, M.E.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 206
    • 84901310586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes
    • Lamkanfi, M. & Dixit, V. M. Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes. Cell 157, 1013-1022 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell , vol.157 , pp. 1013-1022
    • Lamkanfi, M.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 207
    • 84874028928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative inflammasome activity in the regulation of intestinal mucosal immune responses
    • Elinav, E., Henao-Mejia, J. & Flavell, R. A. Integrative inflammasome activity in the regulation of intestinal mucosal immune responses. Mucosal Immunol. 6, 4-13 (2013).
    • (2013) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 4-13
    • Elinav, E.1    Henao-Mejia, J.2    Flavell, R.A.3
  • 208
    • 77956128040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome
    • Bauer, C. et al. Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut 59, 1192-1199 (2010).
    • (2010) Gut , vol.59 , pp. 1192-1199
    • Bauer, C.1
  • 209
    • 77950002937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis
    • Zaki, M. H. et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis. Immunity 32, 379-391 (2010).
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 379-391
    • Zaki, M.H.1
  • 210
    • 84925790780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Inflammasomes in Intestinal Inflammation and Crohn's Disease
    • sOpipari, A. & Franchi, L. Role of Inflammasomes in Intestinal Inflammation and Crohn's Disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 21, 173-181 (2015).
    • (2015) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.21 , pp. 173-181
    • Opipari, A.1    Franchi, L.2
  • 211
    • 84882817340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNAs: Essential players in the regulation of inflammation
    • Rebane, A. & Akdis, C. A. MicroRNAs: Essential players in the regulation of inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 132, 15-26 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.132 , pp. 15-26
    • Rebane, A.1    Akdis, C.A.2
  • 212
    • 84892573723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition
    • Tay, Y., Rinn, J. & Pandolfi, P. P. The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition. Nature 505, 344-352 (2014).
    • (2014) Nature , vol.505 , pp. 344-352
    • Tay, Y.1    Rinn, J.2    Pandolfi, P.P.3
  • 213
    • 84922354753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNAs: New players in IBD
    • Kalla, R. et al. MicroRNAs: new players in IBD. Gut 64, 504-517 (2015).
    • (2015) Gut , vol.64 , pp. 504-517
    • Kalla, R.1
  • 214
    • 55249119513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in ulcerative colitis and alter expression of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 alpha
    • Wu, F. et al. MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in ulcerative colitis and alter expression of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 alpha. Gastroenterology 135, 1624-1635.e24 (2008).
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135 , pp. 1624-1624e24
    • Wu, F.1
  • 215
    • 83555161563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MiR-143 and miR-145 are downregulated in ulcerative colitis: Putative regulators of inflammation and protooncogenes
    • Pekow, J. R. et al. miR-143 and miR-145 are downregulated in ulcerative colitis: putative regulators of inflammation and protooncogenes. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 94-100 (2012).
    • (2012) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 94-100
    • Pekow, J.R.1
  • 216
    • 78649231641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of microRNAs associated with ileal and colonic Crohn's disease
    • Wu, F. et al. Identification of microRNAs associated with ileal and colonic Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 16, 1729-1738 (2010).
    • (2010) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 1729-1738
    • Wu, F.1
  • 217
    • 84884373262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA-124 regulates STAT3 expression and is down-regulated in colon tissues of pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Koukos, G. et al. MicroRNA-124 regulates STAT3 expression and is down-regulated in colon tissues of pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 145, 842-852.e2 (2013).
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 842-842e2
    • Koukos, G.1
  • 218
    • 84867731967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease-pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics
    • Coskun, M., Bjerrum, J. T., Seidelin, J. B. & Nielsen, O. H. MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease-pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics. World J. Gastroenterol. 18, 4629-4634 (2012).
    • (2012) World J. Gastroenterol. , vol.18 , pp. 4629-4634
    • Coskun, M.1    Bjerrum, J.T.2    Seidelin, J.B.3    Nielsen, O.H.4
  • 219
    • 34548857335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inside, outside, upside down: Damage-associated molecular-pattern molecules (DAMPs) and redox
    • Rubartelli, A. & Lotze, M. T. Inside, outside, upside down: damage-associated molecular-pattern molecules (DAMPs) and redox. Trends Immunol. 28, 429-436 (2007).
    • (2007) Trends Immunol. , vol.28 , pp. 429-436
    • Rubartelli, A.1    Lotze, M.T.2
  • 220
    • 77955383770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling
    • Piccinini, A. M. & Midwood, K. S. DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling. Mediators Inflamm. 2010, 672395 (2010).
    • (2010) Mediators Inflamm. , vol.2010 , pp. 672395
    • Piccinini, A.M.1    Midwood, K.S.2
  • 222
    • 66649100476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring disease activity by stool analyses: From occult blood to molecular markers of intestinal inflammation and damage
    • Foell, D., Wittkowski, H. & Roth, J. Monitoring disease activity by stool analyses: from occult blood to molecular markers of intestinal inflammation and damage. Gut 58, 859-868 (2009).
    • (2009) Gut , vol.58 , pp. 859-868
    • Foell, D.1    Wittkowski, H.2    Roth, J.3
  • 223
    • 84905446363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of HMGB1 as a Suitable Biomarker of Subclinical Intestinal Inflammation and Mucosal Healing in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Palone, F. et al. Role of HMGB1 as a Suitable Biomarker of Subclinical Intestinal Inflammation and Mucosal Healing in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, 1448-1457 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 1448-1457
    • Palone, F.1
  • 224
    • 84898724158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of ATP-activated P2X7 receptors in the intestinal mucosa is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease
    • Neves, A. R. et al. Overexpression of ATP-activated P2X7 receptors in the intestinal mucosa is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 20, 444-57 (2014).
    • (2014) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 444-457
    • Neves, A.R.1
  • 225
    • 34447108927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential roles of high-mobility group BOX 1 in the development of murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer
    • Maeda, S. et al. Essential roles of high-mobility group BOX 1 in the development of murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360, 394-400 (2007).
    • (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.360 , pp. 394-400
    • Maeda, S.1
  • 226
    • 70149106605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethyl pyruvate decreases HMGB1 release and ameliorates murine colitis
    • Dave, S. H. et al. Ethyl pyruvate decreases HMGB1 release and ameliorates murine colitis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 633-643 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.86 , pp. 633-643
    • Dave, S.H.1
  • 227
    • 84906571227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The alarmin IL-33 promotes regulatory T-cell function in the intestine
    • Schiering, C. et al. The alarmin IL-33 promotes regulatory T-cell function in the intestine. Nature 513, 564-568 (2014).
    • (2014) Nature , vol.513 , pp. 564-568
    • Schiering, C.1
  • 228
    • 84929906046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1α, an epithelial danger signal, is a potent activator of fibroblasts and reactivator of intestinal inflammation
    • Scarpa, M. et al. Interleukin-1α, an epithelial danger signal, is a potent activator of fibroblasts and reactivator of intestinal inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 185, 1624-1637 (2015).
    • (2015) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.185 , pp. 1624-1637
    • Scarpa, M.1
  • 229
    • 34347347039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous signals released from necrotic cells augment inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin
    • El Mezayen, R. et al. Endogenous signals released from necrotic cells augment inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin. Immunol. Lett. 111, 36-44 (2007).
    • (2007) Immunol. Lett. , vol.111 , pp. 36-44
    • El Mezayen, R.1
  • 230
    • 77950365906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonresolving inflammation
    • Nathan, C. & Ding, A. Nonresolving inflammation. Cell 140, 871-882 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 871-882
    • Nathan, C.1    Ding, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.