메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 309, Issue 12, 2015, Pages L1398-L1409

Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease?

Author keywords

Cancer; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cystic fibrosis; Nicotine; Tobacco

Indexed keywords

FLAVORING AGENT; GLYCEROL; GLYCOL; NICOTINE; PROPYLENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84951064927     PISSN: 10400605     EISSN: 15221504     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (99)

References (165)
  • 1
    • 84859233105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking during pregnancy: Lessons learned from epidemiological studies and experimental studies using animal models
    • Abbott LC, Winzer-Serhan UH. Smoking during pregnancy: lessons learned from epidemiological studies and experimental studies using animal models. Crit Rev Toxicol 42: 279-303, 2012.
    • (2012) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 279-303
    • Abbott, L.C.1    Winzer-Serhan, U.H.2
  • 2
    • 0036288445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peculiar vulnerability to nicotine oral self-administration in mice during early adolescence
    • Adriani W, Macri S, Pacifici R, Laviola G. Peculiar vulnerability to nicotine oral self-administration in mice during early adolescence. Neuropsychopharmacology 27: 212-224, 2002.
    • (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.27 , pp. 212-224
    • Adriani, W.1    Macri, S.2    Pacifici, R.3    Laviola, G.4
  • 3
    • 58249113980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: From structure to function
    • Albuquerque EX, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Rogers SW. Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol Rev 89: 73-120, 2009.
    • (2009) Physiol Rev , vol.89 , pp. 73-120
    • Albuquerque, E.X.1    Pereira, E.F.2    Alkondon, M.3    Rogers, S.W.4
  • 6
    • 49149125139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • And they told two friends… and so on: RJ Reynolds’ viral marketing of Eclipse and its potential to mislead the public
    • Anderson SJ, Ling PM. “And they told two friends… and so on”: RJ Reynolds’ viral marketing of Eclipse and its potential to mislead the public. Tob Control 17: 222-229, 2008.
    • (2008) Tob Control , vol.17 , pp. 222-229
    • Anderson, S.J.1    Ling, P.M.2
  • 8
    • 84906923485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower expressions of the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R in smokers: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis
    • Aoki M, Takao T, Takao K, Koike F, Suganuma N. Lower expressions of the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R in smokers: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Tob Induc Dis 12: 12, 2014.
    • (2014) Tob Induc Dis , vol.12 , pp. 12
    • Aoki, M.1    Takao, T.2    Takao, K.3    Koike, F.4    Suganuma, N.5
  • 9
    • 0030087948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine prolongs neutrophil survival by suppressing apoptosis
    • Aoshiba K, Nagai A, Yasui S, Konno K. Nicotine prolongs neutrophil survival by suppressing apoptosis. J Lab Clin Med 127: 186-194, 1996.
    • (1996) J Lab Clin Med , vol.127 , pp. 186-194
    • Aoshiba, K.1    Nagai, A.2    Yasui, S.3    Konno, K.4
  • 10
    • 84866168663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models
    • Bahl V, Lin S, Xu N, Davis B, Wang YH, Talbot P. Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reprod Toxicol 34: 529-537, 2012.
    • (2012) Reprod Toxicol , vol.34 , pp. 529-537
    • Bahl, V.1    Lin, S.2    Xu, N.3    Davis, B.4    Wang, Y.H.5    Talbot, P.6
  • 12
    • 84893771777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes PJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med 35: 71-86, 2014.
    • (2014) Clin Chest Med , vol.35 , pp. 71-86
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 13
    • 78650318084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of heating time and metal ions on the amount of free fatty acids and formation rates of selected carbonyl compounds during the thermal oxidation of canola oil
    • Bastos LC, Pereira PA. Influence of heating time and metal ions on the amount of free fatty acids and formation rates of selected carbonyl compounds during the thermal oxidation of canola oil. J Agric Food Chem 58: 12777-12783, 2010.
    • (2010) J Agric Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 12777-12783
    • Bastos, L.C.1    Pereira, P.A.2
  • 14
    • 84889561299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids
    • Behar RZ, Davis B, Wang Y, Bahl V, Lin S, Talbot P. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol In Vitro 28: 198-208, 2014.
    • (2014) Toxicol in Vitro , vol.28 , pp. 198-208
    • Behar, R.Z.1    Davis, B.2    Wang, Y.3    Bahl, V.4    Lin, S.5    Talbot, P.6
  • 15
    • 84922647841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Puffing topography and nicotine intake of electronic cigarette users
    • Behar RZ, Hua M, Talbot P. Puffing topography and nicotine intake of electronic cigarette users. PLoS One 10: e0117222, 2015.
    • (2015) Plos One , vol.10
    • Behar, R.Z.1    Hua, M.2    Talbot, P.3
  • 17
    • 77953688842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine addiction
    • Benowitz NL. Nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med 362: 2295-2303, 2010.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 2295-2303
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 18
  • 19
    • 57749111494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breathtaking TRP channels: TRPA1and TRPV1 in airway chemosensation and reflex control
    • Bessac BF, Jordt SE. Breathtaking TRP channels: TRPA1 and TRPV1 in airway chemosensation and reflex control. Physiology (Bethesda) 23: 360-370, 2008.
    • (2008) Physiology (Bethesda) , vol.23 , pp. 360-370
    • Bessac, B.F.1    Jordt, S.E.2
  • 21
    • 33746040470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species in airway epithelial signaling and inflammation
    • Bove PF, van der Vliet A. Nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species in airway epithelial signaling and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 41: 515-527, 2006.
    • (2006) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.41 , pp. 515-527
    • Bove, P.F.1    Van Der Vliet, A.2
  • 23
    • 84899653963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: Product characterisation and design considerations
    • Brown CJ, Cheng JM. Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations. Tob Control 23, Suppl 2: ii4 -ii10, 2014.
    • (2014) Tob Control , vol.23
    • Brown, C.J.1    Cheng, J.M.2
  • 28
    • 21844479263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of glycerin as a cigarette ingredient
    • Carmines EL, Gaworski CL. Toxicological evaluation of glycerin as a cigarette ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 43: 1521-1539, 2005.
    • (2005) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.43 , pp. 1521-1539
    • Carmines, E.L.1    Gaworski, C.L.2
  • 29
    • 4644303501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of acrolein in heated vegetable oils by liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection
    • Casella IG, Contursi M. Quantitative analysis of acrolein in heated vegetable oils by liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection. J Agric Food Chem 52: 5816-5821, 2004.
    • (2004) J Agric Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 5816-5821
    • Casella, I.G.1    Contursi, M.2
  • 30
    • 85042575102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC. Tobacco use among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups-African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: CDC, US Dept. of Health and Human Services, CDC
    • CDC. Tobacco use among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups-African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: CDC, US Dept. of Health and Human Services, CDC, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 36
    • 0034732218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal nicotinic receptors in non-neuronal cells: New mediators of tobacco toxicity?
    • Conti-Fine BM, Navaneetham D, Lei S, Maus AD. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in non-neuronal cells: new mediators of tobacco toxicity? Eur J Pharmacol 393: 279-294, 2000.
    • (2000) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.393 , pp. 279-294
    • Conti-Fine, B.M.1    Navaneetham, D.2    Lei, S.3    Maus, A.D.4
  • 37
    • 9444220284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term exposure to nicotine modulates the level and activity of acetylcholine receptors in white blood cells of smokers and model mice
    • Cormier A, Paas Y, Zini R, Tillement JP, Lagrue G, Changeux JP, Grailhe R. Long-term exposure to nicotine modulates the level and activity of acetylcholine receptors in white blood cells of smokers and model mice. Mol Pharmacol 66: 1712-1718, 2004.
    • (2004) Mol Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 1712-1718
    • Cormier, A.1    Paas, Y.2    Zini, R.3    Tillement, J.P.4    Lagrue, G.5    Changeux, J.P.6    Grailhe, R.7
  • 38
    • 84922459945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine concentrations in electronic cigarette refill and do-it-yourself fluids
    • Davis B, Dang M, Kim J, Talbot P. Nicotine concentrations in electronic cigarette refill and do-it-yourself fluids. Nicotine Tob Res 17: 134-141, 2015.
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , pp. 134-141
    • Davis, B.1    Dang, M.2    Kim, J.3    Talbot, P.4
  • 39
    • 85042573644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected nicotine in Do-it-Yourself electronic cigarette flavourings
    • In press
    • Davis B, Razo A, Nothnagel E, Chen M, Talbot P. Unexpected nicotine in Do-it-Yourself electronic cigarette flavourings. Tob Control In press.
    • Tob Control
    • Davis, B.1    Razo, A.2    Nothnagel, E.3    Chen, M.4    Talbot, P.5
  • 40
    • 84877673105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaping profiles and preferences: An online survey of electronic cigarette users
    • Dawkins L, Turner J, Roberts A, Soar K. “Vaping” profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users. Addiction 108: 1115-1125, 2013.
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 1115-1125
    • Dawkins, L.1    Turner, J.2    Roberts, A.3    Soar, K.4
  • 42
    • 36448975257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of alpha-7 and alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by GABAergic neurons of rostral ventral medulla and caudal pons
    • Dehkordi O, Millis RM, Dennis GC, Jazini E, Williams C, Hussain D, Jayam-Trouth A. Expression of alpha-7 and alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by GABAergic neurons of rostral ventral medulla and caudal pons. Brain Res 1185: 95-102, 2007.
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1185 , pp. 95-102
    • Dehkordi, O.1    Millis, R.M.2    Dennis, G.C.3    Jazini, E.4    Williams, C.5    Hussain, D.6    Jayam-Trouth, A.7
  • 43
    • 9644252940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke condensate: A review
    • DeMarini DM. Genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke condensate: a review. Mutat Res 567: 447-474, 2004.
    • (2004) Mutat Res , vol.567 , pp. 447-474
    • Demarini, D.M.1
  • 45
    • 84926363335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and free radicals in COPD-implications and relevance for treatment
    • Domej W, Oettl K, Renner W. Oxidative stress and free radicals in COPD-implications and relevance for treatment. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 9: 1207-1224, 2014.
    • (2014) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.9 , pp. 1207-1224
    • Domej, W.1    Oettl, K.2    Renner, W.3
  • 48
    • 39749147634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: Multiple roles in proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis
    • Egleton RD, Brown KC, Dasgupta P. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: multiple roles in proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 29: 151-158, 2008.
    • (2008) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.29 , pp. 151-158
    • Egleton, R.D.1    Brown, K.C.2    Dasgupta, P.3
  • 49
    • 77957719327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Nonsmoking Copd, and Occupational Health. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: Novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Eisner MD, Anthonisen N, Coultas D, Kuenzli N, Perez-Padilla R, Postma D, Romieu I, Silverman EK, Balmes JR, Committee on Nonsmoking Copd, and Occupational Health. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182: 693-718, 2010.
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.182 , pp. 693-718
    • Eisner, M.D.1    Anthonisen, N.2    Coultas, D.3    Kuenzli, N.4    Perez-Padilla, R.5    Postma, D.6    Romieu, I.7    Silverman, E.K.8    Balmes, J.R.9
  • 50
    • 84937519500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine and the developing human: A neglected element in the electronic cigarette debate
    • England LJ, Bunnell RE, Pechacek TF, Tong VT, McAfee TA. Nicotine and the developing human: a neglected element in the electronic cigarette debate. Am J Prev Med 49: 286-293, 2015.
    • (2015) Am J Prev Med , vol.49 , pp. 286-293
    • England, L.J.1    Bunnell, R.E.2    Pechacek, T.F.3    Tong, V.T.4    McAfee, T.A.5
  • 51
    • 0035043072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted?
    • Enoch MA, Harris CR, Goldman D. Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted? Addict Behav 26: 399-404, 2001.
    • (2001) Addict Behav , vol.26 , pp. 399-404
    • Enoch, M.A.1    Harris, C.R.2    Goldman, D.3
  • 52
    • 84930513473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco-control policies in tobacco-growing States: Where tobacco was king
    • Fallin A, Glantz SA. Tobacco-control policies in tobacco-growing States: where tobacco was king. Milbank Q 93: 319-358, 2015.
    • (2015) Milbank Q , vol.93 , pp. 319-358
    • Fallin, A.1    Glantz, S.A.2
  • 53
    • 84879402743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of electronic cigarette use (Vaping) topography and estimation of liquid consumption: Implications for research protocol standards definition and for public health authorities’ regulation
    • Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S, Voudris V. Evaluation of electronic cigarette use (vaping) topography and estimation of liquid consumption: implications for research protocol standards definition and for public health authorities’ regulation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10: 2500-2514, 2013.
    • (2013) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.10 , pp. 2500-2514
    • Farsalinos, K.E.1    Romagna, G.2    Tsiapras, D.3    Kyrzopoulos, S.4    Voudris, V.5
  • 55
    • 85042574621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes generate high levels of aldehydes only in “dry puff” conditions
    • In press
    • Farsalinos KE, Voudris V, Poulas K. E-cigarettes generate high levels of aldehydes only in “dry puff” conditions. Addiction In press.
    • Addiction
    • Farsalinos, K.E.1    Voudris, V.2    Poulas, K.3
  • 57
    • 4143062086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke
    • Fowles J, Dybing E. Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke. Tob Control 12: 424-430, 2003.
    • (2003) Tob Control , vol.12 , pp. 424-430
    • Fowles, J.1    Dybing, E.2
  • 58
    • 84856736136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cigarette smoke exposure on host-bacterial pathogen interactions
    • Garmendia J, Morey P, Bengoechea JA. Impact of cigarette smoke exposure on host-bacterial pathogen interactions. Eur Respir J 39: 467-477, 2012.
    • (2012) Eur Respir J , vol.39 , pp. 467-477
    • Garmendia, J.1    Morey, P.2    Bengoechea, J.A.3
  • 59
    • 0031821563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha 5 Subunit alters desensitization, pharmacology, Ca++ permeability and Ca++ modulation of human neuronal alpha 3 nicotinic receptors
    • Gerzanich V, Wang F, Kuryatov A, Lindstrom J. alpha 5 Subunit alters desensitization, pharmacology, Ca++ permeability and Ca++ modulation of human neuronal alpha 3 nicotinic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286: 311-320, 1998.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.286 , pp. 311-320
    • Gerzanich, V.1    Wang, F.2    Kuryatov, A.3    Lindstrom, J.4
  • 61
    • 84912101816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with e-cigarette use: A national population survey of current and former smokers
    • Giovenco DP, Lewis MJ, Delnevo CD. Factors associated with e-cigarette use: a national population survey of current and former smokers. Am J Prev Med 47: 476-480, 2014.
    • (2014) Am J Prev Med , vol.47 , pp. 476-480
    • Giovenco, D.P.1    Lewis, M.J.2    Delnevo, C.D.3
  • 62
    • 34250644233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on future asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness
    • Goksor E, Amark M, Alm B, Gustafsson PM, Wennergren G. The impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on future asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Acta Paediatr 96: 1030-1035, 2007.
    • (2007) Acta Paediatr , vol.96 , pp. 1030-1035
    • Goksor, E.1    Amark, M.2    Alm, B.3    Gustafsson, P.M.4    Wennergren, G.5
  • 63
    • 84929341854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine levels in electronic cigarette refill solutions: A comparative analysis of products from the US, Korea, and Poland
    • Goniewicz ML, Gupta R, Lee YH, Reinhardt S, Kim S, Kim B, Kosmider L, Sobczak A. Nicotine levels in electronic cigarette refill solutions: a comparative analysis of products from the US, Korea, and Poland. Int J Drug Policy 26: 583-588, 2015.
    • (2015) Int J Drug Policy , vol.26 , pp. 583-588
    • Goniewicz, M.L.1    Gupta, R.2    Lee, Y.H.3    Reinhardt, S.4    Kim, S.5    Kim, B.6    Kosmider, L.7    Sobczak, A.8
  • 64
    • 34447289205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airways: An unappreciated regulatory role in pulmonary inflammation?
    • Gwilt CR, Donnelly LE, Rogers DF. The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airways: an unappreciated regulatory role in pulmonary inflammation? Pharmacol Ther 115: 208-222, 2007.
    • (2007) Pharmacol Ther , vol.115 , pp. 208-222
    • Gwilt, C.R.1    Donnelly, L.E.2    Rogers, D.F.3
  • 67
    • 33644661386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secret science: Tobacco industry research on smoking behaviour and cigarette toxicity
    • Hammond D, Collishaw NE, Callard C. Secret science: tobacco industry research on smoking behaviour and cigarette toxicity. Lancet 367: 781-787, 2006.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 781-787
    • Hammond, D.1    Collishaw, N.E.2    Callard, C.3
  • 72
    • 66149093072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Hogg JC, Timens W. The pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annu Rev Pathol 4: 435-459, 2009.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Pathol , vol.4 , pp. 435-459
    • Hogg, J.C.1    Timens, W.2
  • 73
    • 84875466646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic links between COPD and lung cancer
    • Houghton AM. Mechanistic links between COPD and lung cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 13: 233-245, 2013.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 233-245
    • Houghton, A.M.1
  • 74
    • 15744388101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of reactive oxygen species in mainstream of cigarette
    • Huang MF, Lin WL, Ma YC. A study of reactive oxygen species in mainstream of cigarette. Indoor Air 15: 135-140, 2005.
    • (2005) Indoor Air , vol.15 , pp. 135-140
    • Huang, M.F.1    Lin, W.L.2    Ma, Y.C.3
  • 76
    • 84925283449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did we finally slay the evil dragon of cigarette smoking in the late 20th century?: Unfortunately, the answer is no: The dragon is still alive and well in the 21st century and living in the third world. Shame on us!
    • Hurt RD, Murphy JG, Dunn WF. Did we finally slay the evil dragon of cigarette smoking in the late 20th century?: unfortunately, the answer is no: the dragon is still alive and well in the 21st century and living in the third world. Shame on us! Chest 146: 1438-1443, 2014.
    • (2014) Chest , vol.146 , pp. 1438-1443
    • Hurt, R.D.1    Murphy, J.G.2    Dunn, W.F.3
  • 79
    • 77949533955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Master Settlement Agreement and its impact on tobacco use 10 years later: Lessons for physicians about health policy making
    • Jones WJ, Silvestri GA. The Master Settlement Agreement and its impact on tobacco use 10 years later: lessons for physicians about health policy making. Chest 137: 692-700, 2010.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.137 , pp. 692-700
    • Jones, W.J.1    Silvestri, G.A.2
  • 82
    • 84884681510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung deposition analyses of inhaled toxic aerosols in conventional and less harmful cigarette smoke: A review
    • Kleinstreuer C, Feng Y. Lung deposition analyses of inhaled toxic aerosols in conventional and less harmful cigarette smoke: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10: 4454-4485, 2013.
    • (2013) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.10 , pp. 4454-4485
    • Kleinstreuer, C.1    Feng, Y.2
  • 84
    • 33645664313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory pathways and microvascular responses in the lung
    • Kuebler WM. Inflammatory pathways and microvascular responses in the lung. Pharmacol Rep Suppl 57: 196-205, 2005.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Rep Suppl , vol.57 , pp. 196-205
    • Kuebler, W.M.1
  • 85
    • 0029744374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent cigarette smoking-related inflammatory responses in healthy adults
    • Kuschner WG, D’Alessandro A, Wong H, Blanc PD. Dose-dependent cigarette smoking-related inflammatory responses in healthy adults. Eur Respir J 9: 1989-1994, 1996.
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 1989-1994
    • Kuschner, W.G.1    D’alessandro, A.2    Wong, H.3    Blanc, P.D.4
  • 87
    • 0025040598 scopus 로고
    • Comparative genotoxicity testing of mainstream whole smoke from cigarettes which burn or heat tobacco
    • Lee CK, Doolittle DJ, Burger GT, Hayes AW. Comparative genotoxicity testing of mainstream whole smoke from cigarettes which burn or heat tobacco. Mutat Res 242: 37-45, 1990.
    • (1990) Mutat Res , vol.242 , pp. 37-45
    • Lee, C.K.1    Doolittle, D.J.2    Burger, G.T.3    Hayes, A.W.4
  • 88
    • 84863011263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and inflammation: Cellular and molecular mechanisms
    • Lee J, Taneja V, Vassallo R. Cigarette smoking and inflammation: cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Dent Res 91: 142-149, 2012.
    • (2012) J Dent Res , vol.91 , pp. 142-149
    • Lee, J.1    Taneja, V.2    Vassallo, R.3
  • 89
    • 34047180720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway irritation and cough evoked by inhaled cigarette smoke: Role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Lee LY, Burki NK, Gerhardstein DC, Gu Q, Kou YR, Xu J. Airway irritation and cough evoked by inhaled cigarette smoke: role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 20: 355-364, 2007.
    • (2007) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.20 , pp. 355-364
    • Lee, L.Y.1    Burki, N.K.2    Gerhardstein, D.C.3    Gu, Q.4    Kou, Y.R.5    Xu, J.6
  • 90
    • 84914153160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter and sweet taste receptors in the respiratory epithelium in health and disease
    • Lee RJ, Cohen NA. Bitter and sweet taste receptors in the respiratory epithelium in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 92: 1235-1244, 2014.
    • (2014) J Mol Med (Berl) , vol.92 , pp. 1235-1244
    • Lee, R.J.1    Cohen, N.A.2
  • 93
    • 84928785128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in puffing behavior among smokers who switched from tobacco to electronic cigarettes
    • Lee YH, Gawron M, Goniewicz ML. Changes in puffing behavior among smokers who switched from tobacco to electronic cigarettes. Addict Behav 48: 1-4, 2015.
    • (2015) Addict Behav , vol.48 , pp. 1-4
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Gawron, M.2    Goniewicz, M.L.3
  • 94
    • 84922717584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung
    • Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Yao H, Gerloff J, Ossip DJ, McIntosh S, Robinson R, Rahman I. Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. PLoS One 10: e0116732, 2015.
    • (2015) Plos One , vol.10
    • Lerner, C.A.1    Sundar, I.K.2    Yao, H.3    Gerloff, J.4    Ossip, D.J.5    McIntosh, S.6    Robinson, R.7    Rahman, I.8
  • 95
    • 84902990309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhallation of e-cigarette cartridge solution aggravates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in mice
    • Lim HB, Kim SH. Inhallation of e-cigarette cartridge solution aggravates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in mice. Toxicol Res 30: 13-18, 2014.
    • (2014) Toxicol Res , vol.30 , pp. 13-18
    • Lim, H.B.1    Kim, S.H.2
  • 97
    • 51849096312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans
    • Mangold JE, Payne TJ, Ma JZ, Chen G, Li MD. Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans. J Med Genet 45: 578-582, 2008.
    • (2008) J Med Genet , vol.45 , pp. 578-582
    • Mangold, J.E.1    Payne, T.J.2    Ma, J.Z.3    Chen, G.4    Li, M.D.5
  • 99
    • 73449127381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling human smoking behavior and machine smoking patterns: Implications for understanding smoking behavior and the impact on laboratory studies
    • Marian C, O’Connor RJ, Djordjevic MV, Rees VW, Hatsukami DK, Shields PG. Reconciling human smoking behavior and machine smoking patterns: implications for understanding smoking behavior and the impact on laboratory studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18: 3305-3320, 2009.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , pp. 3305-3320
    • Marian, C.1    O’connor, R.J.2    Djordjevic, M.V.3    Rees, V.W.4    Hatsukami, D.K.5    Shields, P.G.6
  • 100
    • 0035576002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages to Legionella pneumophila infection by nicotine
    • Matsunaga K, Klein TW, Friedman H, Yamamoto Y. Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages to Legionella pneumophila infection by nicotine. J Immunol 167: 6518-6524, 2001.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 6518-6524
    • Matsunaga, K.1    Klein, T.W.2    Friedman, H.3    Yamamoto, Y.4
  • 102
    • 84930654747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alarming rise in popularity of e-cigarettes is seen among US teenagers as use triples in a year
    • McCarthy M. “Alarming” rise in popularity of e-cigarettes is seen among US teenagers as use triples in a year. Br Med J 350: h2083, 2015.
    • (2015) Br Med J , vol.350
    • McCarthy, M.1
  • 104
    • 33845767337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretory cells of the airway express molecules of the chemoreceptive cascade
    • Merigo F, Benati D, Di Chio M, Osculati F, Sbarbati A. Secretory cells of the airway express molecules of the chemoreceptive cascade. Cell Tissue Res 327: 231-247, 2007.
    • (2007) Cell Tissue Res , vol.327 , pp. 231-247
    • Merigo, F.1    Benati, D.2    Di Chio, M.3    Osculati, F.4    Sbarbati, A.5
  • 106
    • 84864568419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco, inflammation, and respiratory tract cancer
    • Milara J, Cortijo J. Tobacco, inflammation, and respiratory tract cancer. Curr Pharm Des 18: 3901-3938, 2012.
    • (2012) Curr Pharm Des , vol.18 , pp. 3901-3938
    • Milara, J.1    Cortijo, J.2
  • 107
    • 0042067949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly and subunit diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Millar NS. Assembly and subunit diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 31: 869-874, 2003.
    • (2003) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.31 , pp. 869-874
    • Millar, N.S.1
  • 110
    • 84857036826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of the nasal responses to influenza virus by tobacco smoke
    • Noah TL, Zhou H, Jaspers I. Alteration of the nasal responses to influenza virus by tobacco smoke. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 12: 24-31, 2012.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 24-31
    • Noah, T.L.1    Zhou, H.2    Jaspers, I.3
  • 112
    • 84931569765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes-a narrative review for clinicians
    • Orellana-Barrios MA, Payne D, Mulkey Z, Nugent K. Electronic cigarettes-a narrative review for clinicians. Am J Med 128: 674-681, 2015.
    • (2015) Am J Med , vol.128 , pp. 674-681
    • Orellana-Barrios, M.A.1    Payne, D.2    Mulkey, Z.3    Nugent, K.4
  • 114
    • 84867848361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke
    • Phillips DH, Venitt S. DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke. Int J Cancer 131: 2733-2753, 2012.
    • (2012) Int J Cancer , vol.131 , pp. 2733-2753
    • Phillips, D.H.1    Venitt, S.2
  • 115
    • 77951565529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 10 cigarette smoke condensates on primary human airway epithelial cells by comparative gene and cytokine expression studies
    • Pickett G, Seagrave J, Boggs S, Polzin G, Richter P, Tesfaigzi Y. Effects of 10 cigarette smoke condensates on primary human airway epithelial cells by comparative gene and cytokine expression studies. Toxicol Sci 114: 79-89, 2010.
    • (2010) Toxicol Sci , vol.114 , pp. 79-89
    • Pickett, G.1    Seagrave, J.2    Boggs, S.3    Polzin, G.4    Richter, P.5    Tesfaigzi, Y.6
  • 116
    • 84910079668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes
    • Pisinger C, Dossing M. A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes. Prev Med 69: 248-260, 2014.
    • (2014) Prev Med , vol.69 , pp. 248-260
    • Pisinger, C.1    Dossing, M.2
  • 117
    • 0003013721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dark side of marketing seemingly “Light” cigarettes: Successful images and failed fact
    • Pollay RW, Dewhirst T. The dark side of marketing seemingly “Light” cigarettes: successful images and failed fact. Tob Control 11, Suppl 1: I18-I31, 2002.
    • (2002) Tob Control , vol.11
    • Pollay, R.W.1    Dewhirst, T.2
  • 119
    • 84857265568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of the discovery of the cigarette-lung cancer link: Evidentiary traditions, corporate denial, global toll
    • Proctor RN. The history of the discovery of the cigarette-lung cancer link: evidentiary traditions, corporate denial, global toll. Tob Control 21: 87-91, 2012.
    • (2012) Tob Control , vol.21 , pp. 87-91
    • Proctor, R.N.1
  • 122
    • 84879156471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to rhinovirus infection by human airway epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an in vitro two-chamber tissue culture system
    • Rajan D, Gaston KA, McCracken CE, Erdman DD, Anderson LJ. Response to rhinovirus infection by human airway epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an in vitro two-chamber tissue culture system. PLoS One 8: e66600, 2013.
    • (2013) Plos One , vol.8
    • Rajan, D.1    Gaston, K.A.2    McCracken, C.E.3    Erdman, D.D.4    Erson, L.J.5
  • 125
    • 0018891868 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the hazards of “less hazardous” cigarettes. I. Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, acrolein, hydrogen cyanide, and total aldehyde deliveries of Canadian cigarettes
    • Rickert WS, Robinson JC, Young JC. Estimating the hazards of “less hazardous” cigarettes. I. Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, acrolein, hydrogen cyanide, and total aldehyde deliveries of Canadian cigarettes. J Toxicol Environ Health 6: 351-365, 1980.
    • (1980) J Toxicol Environ Health , vol.6 , pp. 351-365
    • Rickert, W.S.1    Robinson, J.C.2    Young, J.C.3
  • 127
    • 84926202561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?
    • Rom O, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G, Reznick AZ. Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking? Ann NY Acad Sci 1340: 65-74, 2015.
    • (2015) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1340 , pp. 65-74
    • Rom, O.1    Pecorelli, A.2    Valacchi, G.3    Reznick, A.Z.4
  • 128
    • 34548703867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple brain pathways and receptors underlying tobacco addiction
    • Rose JE. Multiple brain pathways and receptors underlying tobacco addiction. Biochem Pharmacol 74: 1263-1270, 2007.
    • (2007) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.74 , pp. 1263-1270
    • Rose, J.E.1
  • 129
    • 84921469717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis and therapeutics
    • Ryter SW, Choi AM. Autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis and therapeutics. Redox Biol 4: 215-225, 2015.
    • (2015) Redox Biol , vol.4 , pp. 215-225
    • Ryter, S.W.1    Choi, A.M.2
  • 135
    • 84900323598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diacetyl: Occurrence, analysis, toxicity
    • Shibamoto T. Diacetyl: occurrence, analysis, toxicity. Agric Food Chem 62: 4048-4053, 2014.
    • (2014) Agric Food Chem , vol.62 , pp. 4048-4053
    • Shibamoto, T.1
  • 138
    • 84922463743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary results of an examination of electronic cigarette user puff topography: The effect of a mouthpiece-based topography measurement device on plasma nicotine and subjective effects
    • Spindle TR, Breland AB, Karaoghlanian NV, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Preliminary results of an examination of electronic cigarette user puff topography: the effect of a mouthpiece-based topography measurement device on plasma nicotine and subjective effects. Nicotine Tob Res 17: 142-149, 2015.
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , pp. 142-149
    • Spindle, T.R.1    Breland, A.B.2    Karaoghlanian, N.V.3    Shihadeh, A.L.4    Eissenberg, T.5
  • 139
    • 55749093830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CHRNA5-A3 region on chromosome 15q24-25.1 is a risk factor both for nicotine dependence and for lung cancer
    • Spitz MR, Amos CI, Dong Q, Lin J, Wu X. The CHRNA5-A3 region on chromosome 15q24-25.1 is a risk factor both for nicotine dependence and for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 100: 1552-1556, 2008.
    • (2008) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.100 , pp. 1552-1556
    • Spitz, M.R.1    Amos, C.I.2    Dong, Q.3    Lin, J.4    Wu, X.5
  • 140
    • 84872592864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB)-releasing DNA adducts in human exfoliated oral mucosa cells by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Stepanov I, Muzic J, Le CT, Sebero E, Villalta P, Ma B, Jensen J, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS. Analysis of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB)-releasing DNA adducts in human exfoliated oral mucosa cells by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 26: 37-45, 2013.
    • (2013) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.26 , pp. 37-45
    • Stepanov, I.1    Muzic, J.2    Le, C.T.3    Sebero, E.4    Villalta, P.5    Ma, B.6    Jensen, J.7    Hatsukami, D.8    Hecht, S.S.9
  • 141
    • 0035374405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearing the smoke: The science base for tobacco harm reduction- executive summary
    • Stratton K, Shetty P, Wallace R, Bondurant S. Clearing the smoke: the science base for tobacco harm reduction- executive summary. Tob Control 10: 189-195, 2001.
    • (2001) Tob Control , vol.10 , pp. 189-195
    • Stratton, K.1    Shetty, P.2    Wallace, R.3    Bondurant, S.4
  • 144
    • 33750710147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugars as tobacco ingredient: Effects on mainstream smoke composition
    • Talhout R, Opperhuizen A, van Amsterdam JG. Sugars as tobacco ingredient: Effects on mainstream smoke composition. Food Chem Toxicol 44: 1789-1798, 2006.
    • (2006) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.44 , pp. 1789-1798
    • Talhout, R.1    Opperhuizen, A.2    Van Amsterdam, J.G.3
  • 146
    • 84944472604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct dripping: A high-temperature, high-formaldehyde emission electronic cigarette use method
    • In press
    • Talih S, Balhas Z, Salman R, Karaoghlanian N, Shihadeh A. “Direct dripping”: a high-temperature, high-formaldehyde emission electronic cigarette use method. Nicotine Tob Res In press.
    • Nicotine Tob Res
    • Talih, S.1    Balhas, Z.2    Salman, R.3    Karaoghlanian, N.4    Shihadeh, A.5
  • 148
    • 84901608363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in pH-dependent airway hydration
    • Tarran R, Redinbo MR. Mammalian short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in pH-dependent airway hydration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 52: 130-135, 2014.
    • (2014) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.52 , pp. 130-135
    • Tarran, R.1    Redinbo, M.R.2
  • 149
    • 0036483990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells
    • Tice RR, Hook GG, Donner M, McRee DI, Guy AW. Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells. Bioelectromagnetics 23: 113-126, 2002.
    • (2002) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.23 , pp. 113-126
    • Tice, R.R.1    Hook, G.G.2    Donner, M.3    McRee, D.I.4    Guy, A.W.5
  • 151
    • 84863776135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: Effective nicotine delivery after acute administration
    • Vansickel AR, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarettes: effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. Nicotine Tob Res 15: 267-270, 2013.
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.15 , pp. 267-270
    • Vansickel, A.R.1    Eissenberg, T.2
  • 152
    • 84862006677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: Impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide
    • Vardavas CI, Anagnostopoulos N, Kougias M, Evangelopoulou V, Connolly GN, Behrakis PK. Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide. Chest 141: 1400-1406, 2012.
    • (2012) Chest , vol.141 , pp. 1400-1406
    • Vardavas, C.I.1    Anagnostopoulos, N.2    Kougias, M.3    Evangelopoulou, V.4    Connolly, G.N.5    Behrakis, P.K.6
  • 154
    • 33344471952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzo[A]pyreneinduced oral carcinogenesis and chemoprevention: Studies in bioengineered human tissue
    • Walle T, Walle UK, Sedmera D, Klausner M. Benzo[A]pyreneinduced oral carcinogenesis and chemoprevention: studies in bioengineered human tissue. Drug Metab Dispos 34: 346-350, 2006.
    • (2006) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.34 , pp. 346-350
    • Walle, T.1    Walle, U.K.2    Sedmera, D.3    Klausner, M.4
  • 158
    • 0034828010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: Acute ocular and respiratory effects
    • Wieslander G, Norback D, Lindgren T. Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. Occup Environ Med 58: 649-655, 2001.
    • (2001) Occup Environ Med , vol.58 , pp. 649-655
    • Wieslander, G.1    Norback, D.2    Lindgren, T.3
  • 159
    • 84907217555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells
    • Wu Q, Jiang D, Minor M, Chu HW. Electronic cigarette liquid increases inflammation and virus infection in primary human airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 9: e108342, 2014.
    • (2014) Plos One , vol.9
    • Wu, Q.1    Jiang, D.2    Minor, M.3    Chu, H.W.4
  • 160
    • 33748713337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in human monocytes by suppression of I-kappaB phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activity through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7
    • Yoshikawa H, Kurokawa M, Ozaki N, Nara K, Atou K, Takada E, Kamochi H, Suzuki N. Nicotine inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in human monocytes by suppression of I-kappaB phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activity through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7. Clin Exp Immunol 146: 116-123, 2006.
    • (2006) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.146 , pp. 116-123
    • Yoshikawa, H.1    Kurokawa, M.2    Ozaki, N.3    Nara, K.4    Atou, K.5    Takada, E.6    Kamochi, H.7    Suzuki, N.8
  • 161
    • 0035130348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine induced changes in gene expression by human coronary artery endothelial cells
    • Zhang S, Day I, Ye S. Nicotine induced changes in gene expression by human coronary artery endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 154: 277-283, 2001.
    • (2001) Atherosclerosis , vol.154 , pp. 277-283
    • Zhang, S.1    Day, I.2    Ye, S.3
  • 162
    • 38549149213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoselective catalytic conversion of glycerol as a biorenewable source to valuable commodity chemicals
    • Zhou CH, Beltramini JN, Fan YX, Lu GQ. Chemoselective catalytic conversion of glycerol as a biorenewable source to valuable commodity chemicals. Chem Soc Rev 37: 527-549, 2008.
    • (2008) Chem Soc Rev , vol.37 , pp. 527-549
    • Zhou, C.H.1    Beltramini, J.N.2    Fan, Y.X.3    Lu, G.Q.4
  • 163
    • 84864425180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breath biomarkers in diagnosis of pulmonary diseases
    • Zhou M, Liu Y, Duan Y. Breath biomarkers in diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Clin Chim Acta 413: 1770-1780, 2012.
    • (2012) Clin Chim Acta , vol.413 , pp. 1770-1780
    • Zhou, M.1    Liu, Y.2    Duan, Y.3
  • 164
    • 84922022139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: Implications for product regulation
    • Zhu SH, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, Cummins SE, Gamst A, Yin L, Lee M. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control 23, Suppl 3: iii3-iii9, 2014.
    • (2014) Tob Control , vol.23
    • Zhu, S.H.1    Sun, J.Y.2    Bonnevie, E.3    Cummins, S.E.4    Gamst, A.5    Yin, L.6    Lee, M.7
  • 165
    • 0030706175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine enhances expression of the alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 7 nicotinic receptors modulating calcium metabolism and regulating adhesion and motility of respiratory epithelial cells
    • Zia S, Ndoye A, Nguyen VT, Grando SA. Nicotine enhances expression of the alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 7 nicotinic receptors modulating calcium metabolism and regulating adhesion and motility of respiratory epithelial cells. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 97: 243-262, 1997.
    • (1997) Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol , vol.97 , pp. 243-262
    • Zia, S.1    Ndoye, A.2    Nguyen, V.T.3    Grando, S.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.