Genotoxicity of Radiofrequency Signals. I. Investigation of DNA Damage and Micronuclei Induction in Cultured Human Blood Cells

Bioelectromagnetics

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 113-126

  Tice, Raymond R ^a   Hook, Graham G ^a   Donner, Maria ^a,d   McRee, Donald I ^b   Guy, Arthur W ^c  

^a ILS Inc ^*  (United States)

^b Chugai USA LLC   (United States)

^c Bioelectromagnetics Consulting   (United States)

^d DUPONT COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis; Cellular telephones; Comet assay; Genotoxicity; Human leukocytes; Micronuclei

Indexed keywords

3G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; ALKALINITY; BLOOD; CELL CULTURE; CELLULAR TELEPHONES; CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS; DAMAGE DETECTION; DNA; GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS; LYMPHOCYTES;

ALKALINE SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ALKALINES; COMET ASSAYS; DNA DAMAGES; GENOTOXICITIES; HUMAN LEUKOCYTES; LEUCOCYTES; MICRONUCLEUS; RADIOFREQUENCY SIGNALS; SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS;

ELECTROPHORESIS;

CYTOCHALASIN B;

ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME DAMAGE; COMET ASSAY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA DAMAGE; GENOTOXICITY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LEUKOCYTE; LYMPHOCYTE; MICRONUCLEUS; MOBILE PHONE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION ABSORPTION; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; SIGNAL PROCESSING; CELL CULTURE; TELEPHONE;

CELLS, CULTURED; COMET ASSAY; DNA DAMAGE; HUMANS; LEUKOCYTES; LYMPHOCYTES; MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE; RADIO WAVES; TELEPHONE;

EID: 0036483990     PISSN: 01978462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bem.104     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Anderson D, Yu TW, McGregor DB. 1998. Comet assay responses as indicators of carcinogen exposure. Mutagenesis 13:539-555.
2. ANSI/IEEE. 1992. IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 KHz to 300 GHz. ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992, New York: IEEE.
3. Asanami S, Shimono K 1997. High body temperature induces micronuclei in mouse bone marrow. Mutation Res 390(1-2):79-83.
4. Balode Z. 1996. Assessment of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation by the micronucleus test in bovine peripheral erythrocytes. Science Total Environment 180:81-85.
5. Brusick D, Albertini R, McRee D, Peterson D, Williams G, Hanawalt P, Preston J. 1998. Genotoxicity of radiofrequency radiation. Environ Molecular Mutagen 32:1-16.
6. Fenech M, Morely AA. 1985. Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Mutation Res 1477:29-36.
7. Fenech MF. 1996. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. In: Pfeifer GP, editor, Technologies for Detection of DNA Damage and Mutations, New York: Plenum Press, p 25-36.
8. Fenech MF. 2000. The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutation Res. 455:81-95.
9. Garaj-Vrhovac V, Horvat D, Koren Z. 1991. The relationship between colony-forming ability, chromosome aberrations and incidence of micronuclei in V79 Chinese hamster cells exposed to microwave radiation. Mutation Res. 263:143-149.
10. Garaj-Vrhovac V, Fucic A, Horvat D. 1992. The correlation between the frequency of micronuclei and specific chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to microwave radiation in vitro. Mutation Res 281:181-186.
11. Guy AW, Chou CK, McDougall JA. 1999. A quarter century of in vitro research: a new look at exposure methods. Bioelectromagnetics 20(Supplement 4):21-39.
12. Heddle JA, Hite M, Kirkhart B, Mavrournin K, MacGregor JT, Newell GW, Salamone MF. 1993. The induction of micronuclei as a measure of genotoxicity. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutation Res 123:61-118.
13. Komae N, Hibino Y, Sugano 1999 Analysis of micronuclei induced under hyperthermic conditions in human lymphocyte cultures by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) methods. Yakugaku Zasshi, 119(10):763-772.
14. Lai H, Singh NP. 1995. Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 16:207-210.
15. Lai H, Singh NP. 1996. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 69:513-521.
16. Lai H, Singh NP. 1997. Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 18:446-454.
17. Lynch AM, Parry JM. 1993. The cytochalasin-B micronucleus/kinetochore assay in vitro: studies with 10 suspected aneugens. Mutat Res 287:71-86.
18. Maes A, Collier M, Van Gorp U, Vandoninck S, Verschaeve L. 1997. Cytogenetic effects of 935.2-MHz (GSM) microwaves alone and in combination with mitomycin C. Mutat Res 393:151-156.
19. Maes A, Collier M, Slaets D, Verschaeve L. 1995. Cytogenetic effects of microwaves from mobile communication frequencies (954 MHz). Electro-Magnetobiology 14:91-98.
20. Maes A, Verschaeve L, Arroyo A, De Wagter C, Vercruyssen L. 1993: In vitro cytogenetic effects of 2450 MHz waves on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics 14:495-501.
21. Malyapa RS, Ahern EW, Straube WL, Moros EG, Pickard WF, Roti Roti JL. 1997a. Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation. Radiat Res 148:608-617.
22. Malyapa RS, Ahern EW, Straube WL, Moros EG, Pickard WF, Roti Roti JL. 1997b. Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz). Radiat Res 148:618-627.
23. Malyapa RS, Ahern EW, Bi C, Straube WL, LaRegina M, Pickard WF, Roti Roti JL. 1998. DNA damage in rat brain cells after in vivo exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation and various methods of euthanasia. Radiat Res 149:634-645.
24. NCRP. 1986. Biological effects and exposure criteria for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Report No. 86, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
25. Phillips JL, Ivaschuk O, Ishida-Jones T, Jones RA, Campbell-Beachler M, Haggren W. 1998. DNA damage in Molt-4 T-lymphoblastoid cells exposed to cellular telephone radiofrequency fields in vitro. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 45:103-110.
26. Rojas E, Lopez MC, Valverde M. 1999 Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: methodology and applications. J Chrom B 722:225-254.
27. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL. 1988. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175:184-191.
28. Strauss GHS. 1991. Nonrandom cell killing in cryopreservation: Implications for performance of the battery of leukocyte tests (BLT) I. Toxic and immunotoxic effects. Mutation Res 252:1-15.
29. Tice RR, Strauss GHS, Peters WP. 1992. Assessment of DNA damage in individual blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from breast cancer chemotherapy patients using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay. Mutat Res. 271:101-113.
30. Tice RR, Furedi-Machacek M, Satterfield D, Udumudi A, Vasquez M, Dunnick JK. 1998. Measurement of micronucleated erythrocytes and DNA damage during chronic ingestion of phenolphthalein in transgenic female mice heterozygous for the p53 gene. Environ Mol Mutagen 31:113-124.
31. Tice RR. 1995. The single cell gel/comet assay: a microgel electrophoretic technique for the detection of DNA damage and repair in individual cells. In: Phillips DH, Venitt S. (eds). Environmental Mutagenesis, Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, pp 315-339.
32. Tucker JD, Preston RJ. 1996. Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, aneuploidy, sister chromatid exchanges, and cancer risk assessment. Mutat Res 365:147-159.
33. Vijayalaxmi, Mohan N, Meltz ML, Wittler MA. 1997. Proliferation and cytogenetic studies in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 72:751-757.
34. Vijayalaxmi, Leal BZ, Szilagyi M, Prihoda TJ, Meltz ML. 2000. Primary DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Radiat Res 153:479-486.
35. Vijayalaxmi, Pickard WF, Bisht KS, Leal BZ, Meltz ML, Roti Roti J, Straube WL, Moros EG. 2001. Cytogenetic studies in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiofrequency radiation at a cellular telephone frequency (835.62 MHz, FDMA). Radiat Res 155:113-121.