메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 295-307

Cognitive load theory for the design of medical simulations

Author keywords

Cognitive load theory; Emotion; Expertise reversal effect; Instructional design; Patient simulation; Stress

Indexed keywords

EDUCATIONAL MODEL; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEMORY; PROCEDURES; SIMULATION TRAINING; TEACHING;

EID: 84943262523     PISSN: 15592332     EISSN: 1559713X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000097     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (175)

References (104)
  • 3
    • 84867183952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulation versus other instructional methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Cook DA, Brydges R, Hamstra SJ, et al. Comparative effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulation versus other instructional methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Simul Healthc 2012;7:308-320.
    • (2012) Simul Healthc , vol.7 , pp. 308-320
    • Cook, D.A.1    Brydges, R.2    Hamstra, S.J.3
  • 4
    • 84867761673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion, cognitive load and learning outcomes during simulation training
    • Fraser K, Ma I, Teteris E, Baxter H, Wright B, McLaughlin K. Emotion, cognitive load and learning outcomes during simulation training. Med Educ 2012;46:1055-1062.
    • (2012) Med Educ , vol.46 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Fraser, K.1    Ma, I.2    Teteris, E.3    Baxter, H.4    Wright, B.5    McLaughlin, K.6
  • 5
    • 84899021206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback for simulation-based procedural skills training: A meta-analysis and critical narrative synthesis
    • Hatala R, Cook DA, Zendejas B, Hamstra SJ, Brydges R. Feedback for simulation-based procedural skills training: a meta-analysis and critical narrative synthesis. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2014;19:251-272.
    • (2014) Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract , vol.19 , pp. 251-272
    • Hatala, R.1    Cook, D.A.2    Zendejas, B.3    Hamstra, S.J.4    Brydges, R.5
  • 6
    • 0026554483 scopus 로고
    • Working memory
    • Baddeley A. Working memory. Science 1992;225:556-559.
    • (1992) Science , vol.225 , pp. 556-559
    • Baddeley, A.1
  • 7
    • 33845331749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice
    • Pekrun R. The control-value theory of achievement emotions: assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educ Psychol Rev 2006;18:315-341.
    • (2006) Educ Psychol Rev , vol.18 , pp. 315-341
    • Pekrun, R.1
  • 8
    • 37849187840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating information: A meta-analysis of the spatial contiguity and temporal contiguity effects
    • Ginns P. Integrating information: a meta-analysis of the spatial contiguity and temporal contiguity effects. Learn Instr 2006;16:511-525.
    • (2006) Learn Instr , vol.16 , pp. 511-525
    • Ginns, P.1
  • 9
    • 24744442809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the modality effect
    • Ginns P. Meta-analysis of the modality effect. Learn Instr 2005;15:313-331.
    • (2005) Learn Instr , vol.15 , pp. 313-331
    • Ginns, P.1
  • 11
    • 84948512218 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction
    • Chandler P, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cogn Instruct 1991;8:293-332.
    • (1991) Cogn Instruct , vol.8 , pp. 293-332
    • Chandler, P.1    Sweller, J.2
  • 12
    • 33744807434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential and inquiry-based teaching
    • Kirschner P, Sweller J, Clark R. Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: an analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential and inquiry-based teaching. Educ Psych 2006;41:75-86.
    • (2006) Educ Psych , vol.41 , pp. 75-86
    • Kirschner, P.1    Sweller, J.2    Clark, R.3
  • 13
    • 84899905881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain-specific knowledge and why teaching generic skills does not work
    • Tricot A, Sweller J. Domain-specific knowledge and why teaching generic skills does not work. Educ Psych Rev 2014;26:265-283.
    • (2014) Educ Psych Rev , vol.26 , pp. 265-283
    • Tricot, A.1    Sweller, J.2
  • 14
    • 39749093168 scopus 로고
    • The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information
    • Miller GA. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol Rev 1956;63:81-97.
    • (1956) Psychol Rev , vol.63 , pp. 81-97
    • Miller, G.A.1
  • 15
    • 0142005540 scopus 로고
    • Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition
    • Ericsson KA, Charness N. Expert performance: its structure and acquisition. Am Psychol 1994;49:725-747.
    • (1994) Am Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 725-747
    • Ericsson, K.A.1    Charness, N.2
  • 16
    • 0004217226 scopus 로고
    • The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton. (Original work published 1946)
    • De Groot A. Thought and Choice in Chess. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton. (Original work published 1946); 1965:463.
    • (1965) Thought and Choice in Chess , pp. 463
    • De Groot, A.1
  • 18
    • 80051733719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting a research agenda for simulation-based healthcare education: A synthesis of the outcome from an Utstein style meeting
    • Issenberg SB, Ringsted C, Ostergaard D, Dieckmann P. Setting a research agenda for simulation-based healthcare education: a synthesis of the outcome from an Utstein style meeting. Simul Healthc 2011;6:155-167.
    • (2011) Simul Healthc , vol.6 , pp. 155-167
    • Issenberg, S.B.1    Ringsted, C.2    Ostergaard, D.3    Dieckmann, P.4
  • 19
    • 33846059680 scopus 로고
    • Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics: A cognitive-load approach
    • Paas FG. Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics: a cognitive-load approach. J Educ Psych 1992;84:429.
    • (1992) J Educ Psych , vol.84 , pp. 429
    • Paas, F.G.1
  • 20
    • 0037412693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory
    • Paas F, Tuovinen JE, Tabbers H, Van Gerven PW. Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory. Educ Psych 2003;38:63-71.
    • (2003) Educ Psych , vol.38 , pp. 63-71
    • Paas, F.1    Tuovinen, J.E.2    Tabbers, H.3    Van Gerven, P.W.4
  • 21
    • 33646395954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of reducing intrinsic cognitive load on learning in a mathematical domain
    • Ayres P. Impact of reducing intrinsic cognitive load on learning in a mathematical domain. Appl Cogn Psych 2006;20:287-298.
    • (2006) Appl Cogn Psych , vol.20 , pp. 287-298
    • Ayres, P.1
  • 22
    • 33846580222 scopus 로고
    • Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: A cognitive-load approach
    • Paas FG, Van Merriënboer JJ. Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: a cognitive-load approach. J Educ Psych 1994;86:122.
    • (1994) J Educ Psych , vol.86 , pp. 122
    • Paas, F.G.1    Van Merriënboer, J.J.2
  • 23
    • 41349084211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructional efficiency: Revisiting the original construct in educational research
    • Van Gog T, Paas F. Instructional efficiency: revisiting the original construct in educational research. Educ Psych 2008;43:16-26.
    • (2008) Educ Psych , vol.43 , pp. 16-26
    • Van Gog, T.1    Paas, F.2
  • 24
    • 59049088701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the split-attention effect: Is the reduction of extraneous cognitive load accompanied by an increase in germane cognitive load?
    • Cierniak G, Scheiter K, Gerjets P. Explaining the split-attention effect: is the reduction of extraneous cognitive load accompanied by an increase in germane cognitive load? Comput Hum Behav 2009;25: 315-324.
    • (2009) Comput Hum Behav , vol.25 , pp. 315-324
    • Cierniak, G.1    Scheiter, K.2    Gerjets, P.3
  • 25
    • 40749152256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of three measures of cognitive load: Evidence for separable measures of intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load
    • DeLeeuw KE, Mayer RE. A comparison of three measures of cognitive load: evidence for separable measures of intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load. J Educ Psych 2008;100:223.
    • (2008) J Educ Psych , vol.100 , pp. 223
    • Deleeuw, K.E.1    Mayer, R.E.2
  • 26
    • 84890854646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pairs of problems and examples on task performance and different types of cognitive load
    • Leppink J, Paas F, van Gog T, van der Vleuten CP, van Merriënboer JJ. Effects of pairs of problems and examples on task performance and different types of cognitive load. Learn Instr 2014;30:32-42.
    • (2014) Learn Instr , vol.30 , pp. 32-42
    • Leppink, J.1    Paas, F.2    Van Gog, T.3    Van Der-Vleuten, C.P.4    Van Merriënboer, J.J.5
  • 27
    • 0036357082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cognitive load in multimedia learning using dual-task methodology
    • Brünken R, Steinbacher S, Plass JL, Leutner D. Assessment of cognitive load in multimedia learning using dual-task methodology. Exp Psychol 2002;49:109-119.
    • (2002) Exp Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 109-119
    • Brünken, R.1    Steinbacher, S.2    Plass, J.L.3    Leutner, D.4
  • 29
    • 84897765821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of secondary-task type on the sensitivity of reaction-time based measurement of cognitive load for novices learning surgical skills using simulation
    • Rojas D, Haji F, Shewaga R, Kapralos B, Dubrowski A. The impact of secondary-task type on the sensitivity of reaction-time based measurement of cognitive load for novices learning surgical skills using simulation. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014;196:353-359.
    • (2014) Stud Health Technol Inform , vol.196 , pp. 353-359
    • Rojas, D.1    Haji, F.2    Shewaga, R.3    Kapralos, B.4    Dubrowski, A.5
  • 30
    • 71949096033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of leads on cognitive load and learning in a hypertext environment
    • Antonenko PD, Niederhauser DS. The influence of leads on cognitive load and learning in a hypertext environment. Comput Hum Behav 2010;26:140-150.
    • (2010) Comput Hum Behav , vol.26 , pp. 140-150
    • Antonenko, P.D.1    Niederhauser, D.S.2
  • 33
    • 71749098384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye tracking as a tool to study and enhance multimedia learning
    • van Gog T, Scheiter K. Eye tracking as a tool to study and enhance multimedia learning. Learn Instr 2010;20:95-99.
    • (2010) Learn Instr , vol.20 , pp. 95-99
    • Van Gog, T.1    Scheiter, K.2
  • 34
    • 78049302042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of simulation versus traditional tutorial-based training on physiologic stress levels among clinicians: A pilot study
    • Bong CL, Lightdale JR, Fredette ME, Weinstock P. Effects of simulation versus traditional tutorial-based training on physiologic stress levels among clinicians: a pilot study. Simul Healthc 2010;5:272-278.
    • (2010) Simul Healthc , vol.5 , pp. 272-278
    • Bong, C.L.1    Lightdale, J.R.2    Fredette, M.E.3    Weinstock, P.4
  • 35
    • 74049097220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive load theory in health professional education: Design principles and strategies
    • van Merrienboer JJ, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory in health professional education: design principles and strategies. Med Educ 2010;44:85-93.
    • (2010) Med Educ , vol.44 , pp. 85-93
    • Van Merrienboer, J.J.1    Sweller, J.2
  • 38
    • 23744473533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of sequencing and prior knowledge on learning mathematics through spreadsheet applications
    • Clarke T, Ayres P, Sweller J. The impact of sequencing and prior knowledge on learning mathematics through spreadsheet applications. Educ Technol Res Dev 2005;53:15-24.
    • (2005) Educ Technol Res Dev , vol.53 , pp. 15-24
    • Clarke, T.1    Ayres, P.2    Sweller, J.3
  • 40
    • 77956104648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interruptions and distractions in healthcare: Review and reappraisal
    • Rivera-Rodriguez AJ, Karsh BT. Interruptions and distractions in healthcare: review and reappraisal. Qual Saf Health Care 2010;19: 304-312.
    • (2010) Qual Saf Health Care , vol.19 , pp. 304-312
    • Rivera-Rodriguez, A.J.1    Karsh, B.T.2
  • 42
    • 0037412644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning
    • Mayer RE, Moreno R. Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educ Psych 2003;38:43-52.
    • (2003) Educ Psych , vol.38 , pp. 43-52
    • Mayer, R.E.1    Moreno, R.2
  • 43
    • 80051804091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive load theory, modality of presentation and the transient information effect
    • Leahy W, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory, modality of presentation and the transient information effect. Appl Cogn Psych 2011;25:943-951.
    • (2011) Appl Cogn Psych , vol.25 , pp. 943-951
    • Leahy, W.1    Sweller, J.2
  • 45
    • 0002033217 scopus 로고
    • Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states on memory
    • Fiedler K, Forgas J, eds. Toronto: Hogrefe
    • Ellis HC, Ashbrook PW. Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states on memory. In: Fiedler K, Forgas J, eds. Affect, Cognition and Social Behavior. Toronto: Hogrefe; 1988:25-43.
    • (1988) Affect, Cognition and Social Behavior , pp. 25-43
    • Ellis, H.C.1    Ashbrook, P.W.2
  • 46
    • 84953471931 scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory
    • Eysenck MW, Calvo MG. Anxiety and performance: the processing efficiency theory. Cogn Emotion 1992;6:409-434.
    • (1992) Cogn Emotion , vol.6 , pp. 409-434
    • Eysenck, M.W.1    Calvo, M.G.2
  • 47
    • 84908051365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the effect of dyad practice versus that of individual practice on simulation-based complex skills learning and of students' perceptions of how and why dyad practice contributes to learning
    • Räder SB, Henriksen AH, Butrymovich V, et al. A study of the effect of dyad practice versus that of individual practice on simulation-based complex skills learning and of students' perceptions of how and why dyad practice contributes to learning. Acad Med 2014;89:1287-1294.
    • (2014) Acad Med , vol.89 , pp. 1287-1294
    • Räder, S.B.1    Henriksen, A.H.2    Butrymovich, V.3
  • 49
    • 79953022513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 3D model of debriefing: Defusing, discovering, and deepening
    • Zigmont JJ, Kappus LJ, Sudikoff SN. The 3D model of debriefing: defusing, discovering, and deepening. Semin Perinatol 2011;35:52-58.
    • (2011) Semin Perinatol , vol.35 , pp. 52-58
    • Zigmont, J.J.1    Kappus, L.J.2    Sudikoff, S.N.3
  • 50
    • 84945136529 scopus 로고
    • Why some material is difficult to learn
    • Sweller J, Chandler P. Why some material is difficult to learn. Cogn Instruct 1994;12:185-233.
    • (1994) Cogn Instruct , vol.12 , pp. 185-233
    • Sweller, J.1    Chandler, P.2
  • 51
    • 0037412645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the load off a learner's mind: Instructional design for complex learning
    • Van Merrienboer JJG, Kirschner PA, Kester L. Taking the load off a learner's mind: instructional design for complex learning. Educ Psychol 2003;38:5-13.
    • (2003) Educ Psychol , vol.38 , pp. 5-13
    • Van Merrienboer, J.J.G.1    Kirschner, P.A.2    Kester, L.3
  • 52
    • 77953608455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinating progressive levels of simulation fidelity to maximize educational benefit
    • Brydges R, Carnahan H, Rose D, Rose L, Dubrowski A. Coordinating progressive levels of simulation fidelity to maximize educational benefit. Acad Med 2010;85:806-812.
    • (2010) Acad Med , vol.85 , pp. 806-812
    • Brydges, R.1    Carnahan, H.2    Rose, D.3    Rose, L.4    Dubrowski, A.5
  • 53
    • 0036719434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fostering understanding of multimedia messages through pre-training: Evidence for a two-stage theory of mental model construction
    • Mayer RE, Mathias A, Wetzell K. Fostering understanding of multimedia messages through pre-training: evidence for a two-stage theory of mental model construction. J Exp Psychol Appl 2002;8: 147-154.
    • (2002) J Exp Psychol Appl , vol.8 , pp. 147-154
    • Mayer, R.E.1    Mathias, A.2    Wetzell, K.3
  • 54
    • 0036591719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pictorial aids for learning by doing in a multimedia geology simulation game
    • Mayer RE, Mautone P, Prothero W. Pictorial aids for learning by doing in a multimedia geology simulation game. J Exp Psych 2002;94:171.
    • (2002) J Exp Psych , vol.94 , pp. 171
    • Mayer, R.E.1    Mautone, P.2    Prothero, W.3
  • 56
    • 0347289427 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive technology: Some procedures for facilitating learning and problem solving in mathematics and science
    • Sweller J. Cognitive technology: Some procedures for facilitating learning and problem solving in mathematics and science. J Educ Psych 1989;81:457.
    • (1989) J Educ Psych , vol.81 , pp. 457
    • Sweller, J.1
  • 57
    • 0034195057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from examples: Instructional principles from the worked examples research
    • Atkinson RK, Derry SJ, Renkl A, Wortham D. Learning from examples: instructional principles from the worked examples research. Rev Educ Res 2000;70:181-214.
    • (2000) Rev Educ Res , vol.70 , pp. 181-214
    • Atkinson, R.K.1    Derry, S.J.2    Renkl, A.3    Wortham, D.4
  • 58
    • 0000663822 scopus 로고
    • Strategies for programming instruction in high school: Program completion vs program generation
    • Van Merriënboer JJG. Strategies for programming instruction in high school: program completion vs. program generation. J Educ Comput Res 1990;6:265-285.
    • (1990) J Educ Comput Res , vol.6 , pp. 265-285
    • Van Merriënboer, J.J.G.1
  • 59
    • 77952095140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expertise reversal effect in using explanatory notes for readers of Shakespearean text
    • Oksa A, Kalyuga S, Chandler P. Expertise reversal effect in using explanatory notes for readers of Shakespearean text. Instr Sci 2010;38:217-236.
    • (2010) Instr Sci , vol.38 , pp. 217-236
    • Oksa, A.1    Kalyuga, S.2    Chandler, P.3
  • 60
    • 84877988067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of worked examples when learning to write essays in English literature
    • Kyun S, Kalyuga S, Sweller J. The effect of worked examples when learning to write essays in English literature. J Exper Educ 2013;81:385-408.
    • (2013) J Exper Educ , vol.81 , pp. 385-408
    • Kyun, S.1    Kalyuga, S.2    Sweller, J.3
  • 61
    • 0037412702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structuring the transition from example study to problem solving in cognitive skill acquisition: A cognitive load perspective
    • Renkl A, Atkinson RK. Structuring the transition from example study to problem solving in cognitive skill acquisition: a cognitive load perspective. Educ Psychol 2003;38:15-22.
    • (2003) Educ Psychol , vol.38 , pp. 15-22
    • Renkl, A.1    Atkinson, R.K.2
  • 62
    • 84963474629 scopus 로고
    • The use of worked examples as a substitute for problem solving in learning algebra
    • Sweller J, Cooper GA. The use of worked examples as a substitute for problem solving in learning algebra. Cogn Instruct 1985;1:59-89.
    • (1985) Cogn Instruct , vol.1 , pp. 59-89
    • Sweller, J.1    Cooper, G.A.2
  • 63
    • 77952543140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do absorption and realistic distraction influence performance of component task surgical procedure?
    • Pluyter JR, Buzink SN, Rutkowski AF, Jakimowicz JJ. Do absorption and realistic distraction influence performance of component task surgical procedure? Surg Endosc 2010;24:902-907.
    • (2010) Surg Endosc , vol.24 , pp. 902-907
    • Pluyter, J.R.1    Buzink, S.N.2    Rutkowski, A.F.3    Jakimowicz, J.J.4
  • 64
    • 84943302131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mayer RE, ed. The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Low R, Sweller J. The modality principle in multimedia learning. Mayer RE, ed. The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005:158.
    • (2005) The Modality Principle in Multimedia Learning , pp. 158
    • Low, R.1    Sweller, J.2
  • 66
    • 0345149824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimedia learning in an interactive self-explaining environment: What works in the design of agent-based microworlds?
    • Mayer RE, Dow GT, Mayer S. Multimedia learning in an interactive self-explaining environment: what works in the design of agent-based microworlds? J Educ Psych 2003;95:806.
    • (2003) J Educ Psych , vol.95 , pp. 806
    • Mayer, R.E.1    Dow, G.T.2    Mayer, S.3
  • 67
    • 0035582346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning: When presenting more material results in less understanding
    • Mayer RE, Heiser J, Lonn S. Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning: when presenting more material results in less understanding. J Educ Psych 2001;93:187-198.
    • (2001) J Educ Psych , vol.93 , pp. 187-198
    • Mayer, R.E.1    Heiser, J.2    Lonn, S.3
  • 68
    • 0032032804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of expertise and instructional design
    • Kalyuga S, Chandler P, Sweller J. Levels of expertise and instructional design. Hum Factors 1998;40:1-17.
    • (1998) Hum Factors , vol.40 , pp. 1-17
    • Kalyuga, S.1    Chandler, P.2    Sweller, J.3
  • 69
    • 84888915602 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for cognitive load theory
    • Sweller J, Chandler P. Evidence for cognitive load theory. Cogn Instruct 1991;8:351-362.
    • (1991) Cogn Instruct , vol.8 , pp. 351-362
    • Sweller, J.1    Chandler, P.2
  • 71
    • 0000347836 scopus 로고
    • The impact of emotions on learning and achievement: Towards a theory of cognitive/motivational mediators
    • Pekrun R. The impact of emotions on learning and achievement: towards a theory of cognitive/motivational mediators. Appl Psychol 1992;42:359-376.
    • (1992) Appl Psychol , vol.42 , pp. 359-376
    • Pekrun, R.1
  • 72
    • 76549106826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early bedside care during preclinical medical education: Can technology-enhanced patient simulation advance the Flexnerian ideal?
    • Gordon JA, Hayden EM, Ahmed RA, Pawlowski JB, Khoury KN, Oriol NE. Early bedside care during preclinical medical education: can technology-enhanced patient simulation advance the Flexnerian ideal? Acad Med 2010;85:370-377.
    • (2010) Acad Med , vol.85 , pp. 370-377
    • Gordon, J.A.1    Hayden, E.M.2    Ahmed, R.A.3    Pawlowski, J.B.4    Khoury, K.N.5    Oriol, N.E.6
  • 73
    • 77958518101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding emotional stressors to training in simulated cardiopulmonary arrest enhances participant performance
    • DeMaria S Jr, Bryson EO, Mooney TJ, et al. Adding emotional stressors to training in simulated cardiopulmonary arrest enhances participant performance. Med Educ 2010;44:1006-1015.
    • (2010) Med Educ , vol.44 , pp. 1006-1015
    • DeMaria Jr, . S.1    Bryson, E.O.2    Mooney, T.J.3
  • 75
    • 84899875170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emotional and cognitive impact of unexpected simulated patient death: A randomized controlled trial
    • Fraser K, Huffman J, Ma I, et al. The emotional and cognitive impact of unexpected simulated patient death: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2014;145:958-963.
    • (2014) Chest , vol.145 , pp. 958-963
    • Fraser, K.1    Huffman, J.2    Ma, I.3
  • 76
    • 0032382719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent and bipolarity in the structure of current affect
    • Feldman Barrett L, Russell J. Independent and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998;74:967-984.
    • (1998) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.74 , pp. 967-984
    • Feldman Barrett, L.1    Russell, J.2
  • 77
    • 84873555235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To die or not to die? A review of simulated death
    • Corvetto MA, Taekman JM. To die or not to die? A review of simulated death. Simul Healthc 2013;8:8-12.
    • (2013) Simul Healthc , vol.8 , pp. 8-12
    • Corvetto, M.A.1    Taekman, J.M.2
  • 78
    • 0027853922 scopus 로고
    • The efficiency of instructional conditions: An approach to combine mental effort and performance measures
    • Paas F, Van Merrienboer J. The efficiency of instructional conditions: an approach to combine mental effort and performance measures. Hum Factors 1993;35:737-743.
    • (1993) Hum Factors , vol.35 , pp. 737-743
    • Paas, F.1    Van Merrienboer, J.2
  • 81
    • 34547945595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which reality matters? Questions on the path to high engagement in healthcare simulation
    • Rudolph JW, Simon R, Raemer DB. Which reality matters? Questions on the path to high engagement in healthcare simulation. Simul Healthc 2007;2:161-163.
    • (2007) Simul Healthc , vol.2 , pp. 161-163
    • Rudolph, J.W.1    Simon, R.2    Raemer, D.B.3
  • 82
    • 84943302133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed January 15, 2015
    • How to measure stress in humans? Fernand-Seguin Research Centre of Louis Lafontaine Hospital, 2007. Available at: http://www.stresshumain.ca/documents/pdf/Mesures/physiologiques/CESH-howMesureStress-MB.pdf Accessed January 15, 2015.
    • (2007)
  • 83
    • 10844249157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More on the fragility of performance: Choking under pressure in mathematical problem solving
    • Beilock SL, Kulp CA, Holt LE, Carr TH. More on the fragility of performance: choking under pressure in mathematical problem solving. J Exp Psychol Gen 2004;133:584-600.
    • (2004) J Exp Psychol Gen , vol.133 , pp. 584-600
    • Beilock, S.L.1    Kulp, C.A.2    Holt, L.E.3    Carr, T.H.4
  • 84
    • 84899920443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the physical environment on cognitive load and learning: Towards a new model of cognitive load
    • Choi HH, van Merriënboer JG, Paas F. Effects of the physical environment on cognitive load and learning: towards a new model of cognitive load. Educ Psych Rev 2014;26:225-244.
    • (2014) Educ Psych Rev , vol.26 , pp. 225-244
    • Choi, H.H.1    Van Merriënboer, J.G.2    Paas, F.3
  • 85
    • 77952732642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying the science of learning to medical education
    • Mayer RE. Applying the science of learning to medical education. Med Educ 2010;44:543-549.
    • (2010) Med Educ , vol.44 , pp. 543-549
    • Mayer, R.E.1
  • 86
    • 0042470849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: Interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding
    • Cahill L, Gorski L, Le K. Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding. Learn Mem 2003;10:270-274.
    • (2003) Learn Mem , vol.10 , pp. 270-274
    • Cahill, L.1    Gorski, L.2    Le, K.3
  • 87
    • 40649114456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of stress hormones on emotional memory: Relevance for psychopathology
    • Wolf OT. The influence of stress hormones on emotional memory: relevance for psychopathology. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2008;127:513-531.
    • (2008) Acta Psychol (Amst) , vol.127 , pp. 513-531
    • Wolf, O.T.1
  • 88
    • 15244340083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired memory retrieval after psychosocial stress in healthy young men
    • Kuhlmann S, Piel M, Wolf OT. Impaired memory retrieval after psychosocial stress in healthy young men. J Neurosci 2005;25: 2977-2982.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 2977-2982
    • Kuhlmann, S.1    Piel, M.2    Wolf, O.T.3
  • 89
    • 33744800258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired memory retrieval correlates with individual differences in cortisol response but not autonomic response
    • Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Adolphs R. Impaired memory retrieval correlates with individual differences in cortisol response but not autonomic response. Learn Mem 2006;13:382-387.
    • (2006) Learn Mem , vol.13 , pp. 382-387
    • Buchanan, T.W.1    Tranel, D.2    Adolphs, R.3
  • 90
    • 70350628835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of acute stress on performance: Implications for health professions education
    • LeBlanc VR. The effects of acute stress on performance: implications for health professions education. Acad Med 2009;84:S25-S33.
    • (2009) Acad Med , vol.84 , pp. S25-S33
    • Leblanc, V.R.1
  • 91
    • 84857556460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can achievement emotions be used to better understand motivation, learning, and performance in medical education?
    • Artino ARJr, Holmboe ES, Durning SJ. Can achievement emotions be used to better understand motivation, learning, and performance in medical education? Med Teach 2012;34:240-244.
    • (2012) Med Teach , vol.34 , pp. 240-244
    • Artino Jr, . A.R.1    Holmboe, E.S.2    Durning, S.J.3
  • 92
    • 84919497137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation: The role of the presimulation briefing
    • Rudolph JW, Raemer DB, Simon R. Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation: the role of the presimulation briefing. Simul Healthc 2014;9:339-349.
    • (2014) Simul Healthc , vol.9 , pp. 339-349
    • Rudolph, J.W.1    Raemer, D.B.2    Simon, R.3
  • 93
    • 84873562172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deception and death in medical simulation
    • Truog RD, Meyer EC. Deception and death in medical simulation. Simul Healthc 2013;8:1-3.
    • (2013) Simul Healthc , vol.8 , pp. 1-3
    • Truog, R.D.1    Meyer, E.C.2
  • 94
    • 0033243278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams
    • Edmondson A. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Admin Sci Quart 1999;44:350-383.
    • (1999) Admin Sci Quart , vol.44 , pp. 350-383
    • Edmondson, A.1
  • 95
    • 79953048514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from errors: The role of context, emotion and personality
    • Zhao N. Learning from errors: the role of context, emotion and personality. J Organ Behav 2011;32:435-463.
    • (2011) J Organ Behav , vol.32 , pp. 435-463
    • Zhao, N.1
  • 96
    • 21144479564 scopus 로고
    • Subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal
    • Tomaka J, Blascovich J, Kelsey RM, Leitten CL. Subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal. J Pers Soc Psychol 1993;65:248-260.
    • (1993) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.65 , pp. 248-260
    • Tomaka, J.1    Blascovich, J.2    Kelsey, R.M.3    Leitten, C.L.4
  • 97
    • 34247473886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building genuine trust through interpersonal emotion management: A threat regulation model of trust and collaboration across boundaries
    • Williams M. Building genuine trust through interpersonal emotion management: a threat regulation model of trust and collaboration across boundaries. Acad Manag Rev 2007;32:595-621.
    • (2007) Acad Manag Rev , vol.32 , pp. 595-621
    • Williams, M.1
  • 98
    • 78651288965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive load theory: How many types of load does it really need?
    • Kalyuga S. Cognitive load theory: how many types of load does it really need? Educ Psychol Rev 2011;23:1-19.
    • (2011) Educ Psychol Rev , vol.23 , pp. 1-19
    • Kalyuga, S.1
  • 99
    • 33846568836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of motor learning principles to complex surgical tasks: Searching for the optimal practice schedule
    • Brydges R, Carnahan H, Backstein D, Dubrowski A. Application of motor learning principles to complex surgical tasks: searching for the optimal practice schedule. J Mot Behav 2007;39:40-48.
    • (2007) J Mot Behav , vol.39 , pp. 40-48
    • Brydges, R.1    Carnahan, H.2    Backstein, D.3    Dubrowski, A.4
  • 100
    • 59049093316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and group-based learning from complex cognitive tasks: Effects on retention and transfer efficiency
    • Kirschner F, Paas F, Kirschner PA. Individual and group-based learning from complex cognitive tasks: effects on retention and transfer efficiency. Comput Hum Behav 2009;25:306-314.
    • (2009) Comput Hum Behav , vol.25 , pp. 306-314
    • Kirschner, F.1    Paas, F.2    Kirschner, P.A.3
  • 101
    • 61449213872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cognitive load approach to collaborative learning: United brains for complex tasks
    • Kirschner F, Paas F, Kirschner PA. A cognitive load approach to collaborative learning: united brains for complex tasks. Educ Psychol Rev 2009;21:31-42.
    • (2009) Educ Psychol Rev , vol.21 , pp. 31-42
    • Kirschner, F.1    Paas, F.2    Kirschner, P.A.3
  • 102
    • 77951748475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worked example effects in individual and group work settings
    • Retnowati E, Ayres P, Sweller J. Worked example effects in individual and group work settings. Educ Psychol 2010;30:349-367.
    • (2010) Educ Psychol , vol.30 , pp. 349-367
    • Retnowati, E.1    Ayres, P.2    Sweller, J.3
  • 104
    • 78651347240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task complexity as a driver for collaborative learning efficiency: The collective working-memory effect
    • Kirschner F, Paas F, Kirschner PA. Task complexity as a driver for collaborative learning efficiency: the collective working-memory effect. Appl Cogn Psych 2011;25:615-624.
    • (2011) Appl Cogn Psych , vol.25 , pp. 615-624
    • Kirschner, F.1    Paas, F.2    Kirschner, P.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.