메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 89, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1-74

Brazilian consensus on photoprotection

(25)  Schalka, Sérgio a   Steiner, Denise b   Ravelli, Flávia Naranjo c   Steiner, Tatiana b   Terena, Aripuanã Cobério d   Marçon, Carolina Reato e   Ayres, Eloisa Leis f   Addor, Flávia Alvim Sant´Anna g   Miot, Helio Amante h   Ponzio, Humberto i   Duarte, Ida e   Neffá, Jane j   da Cunha, José Antônio Jabur b   Boza, Juliana Catucci k   Samorano, Luciana De Paula l   Corrêa, Marcelo De Paula m   Maia, Marcus e   Nasser, Nilton n   Ribeiro Leite, Olga Maria Rodrigues o   Lopes, Otávio Sergio p   more..


Author keywords

Dermatology; Protection; Solar radiation; Sun protection factor

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; CAROTENOID; ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID; FLAVONOID; IBUPROFEN; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INDOMETACIN; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 4; LYCOPENE; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OZONE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PYCNOGENOL; RESVERATROL; SUNSCREEN; TOCOPHEROL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VITAMIN; VITAMIN D; XANTHOPHYLL;

EID: 84940396981     PISSN: 03650596     EISSN: 18064841     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143971     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (480)
  • 1
    • 34247263817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiometric Quantities and Units Used in Photobiology and Photochemistry: Recommendations of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination)
    • Sliney DH; International Commission on Illumination. Radiometric Quantities and Units Used in Photobiology and Photochemistry: Recommendations of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination). Photochem Photobiol. 2007;83:425-32.
    • (2007) Photochem Photobiol , vol.83 , pp. 425-432
    • Sliney, D.H.1
  • 2
    • 84940431737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIE 134/1999 TC 6-26 report: Standardization of the Terms UV-A1, UV-A2 and UV-B. [cited 2014 Out 29]
    • International Commission on Illumination [Internet]. CIE 134/1999 TC 6-26 report: Standardization of the Terms UV-A1, UV-A2 and UV-B. [cited 2014 Out 29]. Available from: http://div6.cie.co.at/?i_ca_id=611&pubid=179
  • 3
    • 84940431738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Organization for Standardization. ISO 20473: Optics and photonics--Spectral bands
    • International Organization for Standardization. ISO 20473: Optics and photonics--Spectral bands; 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 5
    • 79961009675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of UV radiation changes in the 21st century: Impact of ozone recovery and cloud effects Atmos
    • Bais AF, Tourpali K, Kazantzidis A, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, et al. Projections of UV radiation changes in the 21st century: impact of ozone recovery and cloud effects Atmos. Chem Phys. 2001;11:7533-45.
    • (2001) Chem Phys , vol.11 , pp. 7533-7545
    • Bais, A.F.1    Tourpali, K.2    Kazantzidis, A.3    Akiyoshi, H.4    Bekki, S.5    Braesicke, P.6
  • 6
    • 84872045625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin Cancer Risks Avoided by the Montreal Protocol-Worldwide Modeling Integrating Coupled Climate-Chemistry Models with a Risk Model for UV
    • van Dijk A, Slaper H, den Outer PN, Morgenstern O, Braesicke P, Pyle JA, et al. Skin Cancer Risks Avoided by the Montreal Protocol-Worldwide Modeling Integrating Coupled Climate-Chemistry Models with a Risk Model for UV. Photochem Photobiol. 2013;89:234-46.
    • (2013) Photochem Photobiol , vol.89 , pp. 234-246
    • Van Dijk, A.1    Slaper, H.2    Den Outer, P.N.3    Morgenstern, O.4    Braesicke, P.5    Pyle, J.A.6
  • 7
    • 33144488206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of altitude and aerosol on UV radiation
    • Pfeifer MT, P. Koepke, Reuder J. Effects of altitude and aerosol on UV radiation. J Geophys Res. 2006:111;D01203.
    • (2006) J Geophys Res , vol.111
    • Pfeifer, M.T.1    Koepke, P.2    Reuder, J.3
  • 8
    • 77649247067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uma análise das variações do índice ultravioleta em relação às observações de conteúdo de ozônio e da espessura óptica dos aerossóis sobre a cidade de São Paulo
    • Corrêa MP, Plana-Fattori A. Uma análise das variações do índice ultravioleta em relação às observações de conteúdo de ozônio e da espessura óptica dos aerossóis sobre a cidade de São Paulo. Rev Bras Meteorol. 2006;21:24-32.
    • (2006) Rev Bras Meteorol , vol.21 , pp. 24-32
    • Corrêa, M.P.1    Plana-Fattori, A.2
  • 9
    • 0033794009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the Mexico City UV monitoring network: UVB measurements at ground level in the urban environment
    • Acosta LR and Evans WFJ. Design of the Mexico City UV monitoring network: UVB measurements at ground level in the urban environment. J Geophys Res. 2000; 105:5017-26.
    • (2000) J Geophys Res , vol.105 , pp. 5017-5026
    • Acosta, L.R.1    Evans, W.2
  • 10
    • 66749174172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UVB surface albedo measurements using biometers
    • Corrêa MP, Ceballos JC. UVB surface albedo measurements using biometers. Rev Bras Geof. 2008;26:411-6.
    • (2008) Rev Bras Geof , vol.26 , pp. 411-416
    • Corrêa, M.P.1    Ceballos, J.C.2
  • 14
    • 0025367890 scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to ultraviolet radiation
    • Diffey BL. Human exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Semin Dermatol. 1990;9:2-10.
    • (1990) Semin Dermatol , vol.9 , pp. 2-10
    • Diffey, B.L.1
  • 15
    • 60449095642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation into the effect of exposure of photosensitive individuals to light from compact fluorescent lamps
    • Eadie E, Ferguson J, Moseley H. A preliminary investigation into the effect of exposure of photosensitive individuals to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160:659-64.
    • (2009) Br J Dermatol , vol.160 , pp. 659-664
    • Eadie, E.1    Ferguson, J.2    Moseley, H.3
  • 16
    • 4644257601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermatological risk of indoor ultraviolet exposure from contemporary lighting sources
    • Sayre RM, Dowdy JC, Poh-Fitzpatrick M. Dermatological risk of indoor ultraviolet exposure from contemporary lighting sources. Photochem Photobiol. 2004;80:47-51.
    • (2004) Photochem Photobiol , vol.80 , pp. 47-51
    • Sayre, R.M.1    Dowdy, J.C.2    Poh-Fitzpatrick, M.3
  • 17
    • 67650992062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysus of compact fluorescent lights for use by patients with phtosensitive conditions
    • Klein RS, Werth VP, Dowdy JC, Sayre RM. Analysus of compact fluorescent lights for use by patients with phtosensitive conditions. Photochem Photobiol. 2009;85:1004-10.
    • (2009) Photochem Photobiol , vol.85 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Klein, R.S.1    Werth, V.P.2    Dowdy, J.C.3    Sayre, R.M.4
  • 18
    • 84871231509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation on erythema and pigmentation: A review
    • Sklar LR, Almutawa F, Lim HW, Hamzavi I. Lim and Iltefat Hamzavi. Effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation on erythema and pigmentation: a review. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2013;12:54-64.
    • (2013) Photochem Photobiol Sci , vol.12 , pp. 54-64
    • Sklar, L.R.1    Almutawa, F.2    Lim, H.W.3    Lim, H.I.4    Hamzavi, I.5
  • 19
    • 77649255422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements in One of the Most Populous Cities of the World: Aspects Related to Skin Cancer Cases and Vitamin D Availability
    • de Paula Corrêa M, Ceballos JC. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements in One of the Most Populous Cities of the World: Aspects Related to Skin Cancer Cases and Vitamin D Availability. Photochem Photobiol. 2010;86:438-44.
    • (2010) Photochem Photobiol , vol.86 , pp. 438-444
    • De Paula Corrêa, M.1    Ceballos, J.C.2
  • 20
    • 84880704027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doses of erythemal ultraviolet radiation observed in Brazil
    • de Paula Corrêa M, Pires LC. Doses of erythemal ultraviolet radiation observed in Brazil. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52:966-73.
    • (2013) Int J Dermatol , vol.52 , pp. 966-973
    • De Paula Corrêa, M.1    Pires, L.C.2
  • 21
    • 84940431739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Medidas de radiação UV na praia de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN realizadas em 13 de março de 2011). Comunicação pessoal
    • Corrêa MP. (Medidas de radiação UV na praia de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN realizadas em 13 de março de 2011). Comunicação pessoal.
    • Corrêa, M.P.1
  • 22
    • 66749182923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medidas de radiação solar ultravioleta em Belo Horizonte e saúde pública
    • Silva A. Medidas de radiação solar ultravioleta em Belo Horizonte e saúde pública. Rev Bras Geof. 2008;26:417-25.
    • (2008) Rev Bras Geof , vol.26 , pp. 417-425
    • Silva, A.1
  • 23
    • 66449124058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variação Sazonal da Radiação Ultravioleta solar Biologicamente Ativa
    • Silva A, Kirchhoff VWJH, Echer E, Leme NP. Variação Sazonal da Radiação Ultravioleta solar Biologicamente Ativa. Rev Bras Geof 2000;18:64-74.
    • (2000) Rev Bras Geof , vol.18 , pp. 64-74
    • Silva, A.1    Kirchhoff, V.2    Echer, E.3    Leme, N.P.4
  • 24
    • 84873613424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cptec.inpe.br [Internet], Centro de previsão de tempo e estudos climáticos
    • Cptec.inpe.br [Internet]. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas espaciais (INPE). Centro de previsão de tempo e estudos climáticos. [acesso 30 out 2014]. Disponível em: http://www.cptec.inpe.br/
    • Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
  • 25
    • 0026463949 scopus 로고
    • Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surfasse
    • Madronich, S., Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surfasse. Geophys Res Lett. 1992;19:37-40.
    • (1992) Geophys Res Lett , vol.19 , pp. 37-40
    • Madronich, S.1
  • 28
    • 34848886441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term evaluation of erythema and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet radiations of different wavelengths
    • Suh KS, Roh HJ, Choi SY, Jeon YS, Doh KS, Bae JH, et al. A long-term evaluation of erythema and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet radiations of different wavelengths. Skin Res Technol. 2007;13:360-8.
    • (2007) Skin Res Technol , vol.13 , pp. 360-368
    • Suh, K.S.1    Roh, H.J.2    Choi, S.Y.3    Jeon, Y.S.4    Doh, K.S.5    Bae, J.H.6
  • 29
    • 0347157835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term and long-term cellular and molecular events following UV irradiation of skin: Implications for molecular medicine
    • Matsumura Y, Ananthaswamy HN. Short-term and long-term cellular and molecular events following UV irradiation of skin: implications for molecular medicine. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2002;4:1-22.
    • (2002) Expert Rev Mol Med , vol.4 , pp. 1-22
    • Matsumura, Y.1    Ananthaswamy, H.N.2
  • 31
    • 34547689211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: Chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents
    • Katiyar SK. UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents. Cancer Lett. 2007;255:1-11.
    • (2007) Cancer Lett , vol.255 , pp. 1-11
    • Katiyar, S.K.1
  • 32
    • 84871231509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation on erythema and pigmentation: A review
    • Sklar LR, Almutawa F, Lim HW, Hamzavi I. Effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation on erythema and pigmentation: a review. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2013;12:54-64.
    • (2013) Photochem Photobiol Sci , vol.12 , pp. 54-64
    • Sklar, L.R.1    Almutawa, F.2    Lim, H.W.3    Hamzavi, I.4
  • 33
    • 0023882897 scopus 로고
    • The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
    • Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:869-71.
    • (1988) Arch Dermatol , vol.124 , pp. 869-871
    • Fitzpatrick, T.B.1
  • 34
    • 67651028013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of the amount of sunscreen applied and its sun protection factor (SPF): Evaluation of two sunscreens including the same ingredients at different concentrations
    • Schalka S, dos Reis VM, Cucé LC. The influence of the amount of sunscreen applied and its sun protection factor (SPF): evaluation of two sunscreens including the same ingredients at different concentrations. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25:175-80.
    • (2009) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.25 , pp. 175-180
    • Schalka, S.1    Dos Reis, V.M.2    Cucé, L.C.3
  • 35
    • 0036096585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV
    • Sheehan JM, Cragg N, Chadwick CA, Potten CS, Young AR. Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human skin types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in skin type IV. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;118:825-9.
    • (2002) J Invest Dermatol , vol.118 , pp. 825-829
    • Sheehan, J.M.1    Cragg, N.2    Chadwick, C.A.3    Potten, C.S.4    Young, A.R.5
  • 36
    • 18244387686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in skin thickness may explain some of the within-person variation in ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema at different body sites
    • Waterston K, Naysmith L, Rees JL. Variation in skin thickness may explain some of the within-person variation in ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema at different body sites. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124:1078.
    • (2005) J Invest Dermatol , vol.124
    • Waterston, K.1    Naysmith, L.2    Rees, J.L.3
  • 39
    • 20444365532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of heatstroke and heat exhaustion
    • Glazer JL. Management of heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:2133-40.
    • (2005) Am Fam Physician , vol.71 , pp. 2133-2140
    • Glazer, J.L.1
  • 40
    • 0036606392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and treatment of heat-related illnesses
    • Wexler RK. Evaluation and treatment of heat-related illnesses. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65:2307-14.
    • (2002) Am Fam Physician , vol.65 , pp. 2307-2314
    • Wexler, R.K.1
  • 42
    • 0035724021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet AI exposure of human skin results in Langerhans cell depletion and reduction of epidermal antigen-presenting cell function: Partial protection by a broad-spectrum sunscreen
    • Dumay O, Karam A, Vian L, Moyal D, Hourseau C, Stoebner P, et al. Ultraviolet AI exposure of human skin results in Langerhans cell depletion and reduction of epidermal antigen-presenting cell function: partial protection by a broad-spectrum sunscreen. Br J Dermatol. 2001;144:1161-8.
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 1161-1168
    • Dumay, O.1    Karam, A.2    Vian, L.3    Moyal, D.4    Hourseau, C.5    Stoebner, P.6
  • 45
    • 4344670210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar ultraviolet irradiation reduces collagen in photoaged human skin by blocking transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor/Smad signaling
    • Quan T, He T, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. solar ultraviolet irradiation reduces collagen in photoaged human skin by blocking transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor/Smad signaling. Am J Pathol. 2004;165:741-51.
    • (2004) Am J Pathol , vol.165 , pp. 741-751
    • Quan, T.1    He, T.2    Kang, S.3    Voorhees, J.J.4    Fisher, G.J.5
  • 46
    • 0033774235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of mitochondrial DNA deletions is a ubiquitous marker of ultraviolet radiation exposure in human skin
    • Ray AJ, Turner R, Nikaido O, Rees JL, Birch-Machin MA. The spectrum of mitochondrial DNA deletions is a ubiquitous marker of ultraviolet radiation exposure in human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115:674-9.
    • (2000) J Invest Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 674-679
    • Ray, A.J.1    Turner, R.2    Nikaido, O.3    Rees, J.L.4    Birch-Machin, M.A.5
  • 47
    • 0034783384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In human keratinocytes the Common Deletion reflects donor variabilities rather than chronologic aging and can be induced by ultraviolet A irradiation
    • Koch H, Wittern KP, Bergemann J. In human keratinocytes the Common Deletion reflects donor variabilities rather than chronologic aging and can be induced by ultraviolet A irradiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2001;117:892-7.
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.117 , pp. 892-897
    • Koch, H.1    Wittern, K.P.2    Bergemann, J.3
  • 49
    • 0036724946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging
    • Rittié L, Fisher GJ. UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2002;1:705-20.
    • (2002) Ageing Res Rev , vol.1 , pp. 705-720
    • Rittié, L.1    Fisher, G.J.2
  • 50
    • 0034574298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How cells read TGF-beta signals
    • Massagué J. How cells read TGF-beta signals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000;1:169-78.
    • (2000) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.1 , pp. 169-178
    • Massagué, J.1
  • 53
    • 14044257121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: Molecular mechanisms
    • Hussein MR. Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: molecular mechanisms. J Cutan Pathol. 2005;32:191-205.
    • (2005) J Cutan Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 191-205
    • Hussein, M.R.1
  • 56
    • 0025882859 scopus 로고
    • Singlet oxygen production from the reactions of ozone with biological molecules
    • Kanofsky JR, Sima P. Singlet oxygen production from the reactions of ozone with biological molecules. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:9039-42.
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 9039-9042
    • Kanofsky, J.R.1    Sima, P.2
  • 57
    • 0036616450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical variables in experimental photocarcinogenesis and quantitative relationships between stages of tumor development
    • de Gruijl FR, van der Leun JC. Physical variables in experimental photocarcinogenesis and quantitative relationships between stages of tumor development. Front Biosci. 2002;7:d1525-30.
    • (2002) Front Biosci , vol.7
    • De Gruijl, F.R.1    Van Der Leun, J.C.2
  • 59
    • 84879675880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-melanoma skin cancer: Carcinogenesis and chemoprevention
    • Chen AC, Halliday GM, Damian DL. Non-melanoma skin cancer: carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. Pathology. 2013;45:331-41.
    • (2013) Pathology , vol.45 , pp. 331-341
    • Chen, A.C.1    Halliday, G.M.2    Damian, D.L.3
  • 62
    • 81855166217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there mechanistic differences between ultraviolet and visible radiation induced skin pigmentation?
    • Ramasubramaniam R, Roy A, Sharma B, Nagalakshmi S. Are there mechanistic differences between ultraviolet and visible radiation induced skin pigmentation? Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2011;10:1887-93.
    • (2011) Photochem Photobiol Sci , vol.10 , pp. 1887-1893
    • Ramasubramaniam, R.1    Roy, A.2    Sharma, B.3    Nagalakshmi, S.4
  • 63
    • 33749031566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of sunscreen application method, visible light and sunlight intensity to free-radical protection: A study of ex vivo human skin
    • Haywood R. Relevance of sunscreen application method, visible light and sunlight intensity to free-radical protection: A study of ex vivo human skin. Photochem Photobiol. 2006;82:1123-31.
    • (2006) Photochem Photobiol , vol.82 , pp. 1123-1131
    • Haywood, R.1
  • 64
    • 41149139830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared plus visible light and heat from natural sunlight participate in the expression of MMPs and type I procollagen as well as infiltration of inflammatory cell in human skin in vivo
    • Cho S, Lee MJ, Kim MS, Lee S, Kim YK, Lee DH, et al. Infrared plus visible light and heat from natural sunlight participate in the expression of MMPs and type I procollagen as well as infiltration of inflammatory cell in human skin in vivo. J Dermatol Sci. 2008;50:123-33.
    • (2008) J Dermatol Sci , vol.50 , pp. 123-133
    • Cho, S.1    Lee, M.J.2    Kim, M.S.3    Lee, S.4    Kim, Y.K.5    Lee, D.H.6
  • 65
    • 0141625647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous effects of infrared radiation: From clinical observations to molecular response mechanisms
    • Schieke SM, Schroeder P, Krutmann J. Cutaneous effects of infrared radiation: from clinical observations to molecular response mechanisms. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2003;19:228-34.
    • (2003) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.19 , pp. 228-234
    • Schieke, S.M.1    Schroeder, P.2    Krutmann, J.3
  • 66
    • 33744461093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal heating dose: A novel biological unit to measure infrared irradiation
    • Lee HS, Lee DH, Cho S, Chung JH. Minimal heating dose: a novel biological unit to measure infrared irradiation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2006;22:148-52.
    • (2006) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.22 , pp. 148-152
    • Lee, H.S.1    Lee, D.H.2    Cho, S.3    Chung, J.H.4
  • 68
    • 51749103093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase in human skin: Implications for protection
    • Schroeder P, Lademann J, Darvin ME, Stege H, Marks C, Bruhnke S, et al. Infrared radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase in human skin: implications for protection. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128:2491-7.
    • (2008) J Invest Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 2491-2497
    • Schroeder, P.1    Lademann, J.2    Darvin, M.E.3    Stege, H.4    Marks, C.5    Bruhnke, S.6
  • 69
    • 68849095377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mitochondria in photoaging of human skin: The defective powerhouse model
    • Krutmann J, Schroeder P. Role of mitochondria in photoaging of human skin: the defective powerhouse model. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2009;14:44-9.
    • (2009) J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc , vol.14 , pp. 44-49
    • Krutmann, J.1    Schroeder, P.2
  • 70
    • 84856814862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun exposure: What molecular photodermatology tells us about its good and bad sides
    • Krutmann J, Morita A, Chung JH. Sun exposure: what molecular photodermatology tells us about its good and bad sides. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:976-84.
    • (2012) J Invest Dermatol , vol.132 , pp. 976-984
    • Krutmann, J.1    Morita, A.2    Chung, J.H.3
  • 72
    • 74149092245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of water-filtered infrared A irradiation on human fibroblasts
    • Jung T, Höhn A, Piazena H, Grune T. Effects of water-filtered infrared A irradiation on human fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48:153-60.
    • (2010) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.48 , pp. 153-160
    • Jung, T.1    Höhn, A.2    Piazena, H.3    Grune, T.4
  • 73
  • 74
    • 84940373788 scopus 로고
    • Fotoeducación:Un paso más allá dela fotoprotección
    • Stengel FM. Fotoeducación:un paso más allá dela fotoprotección. Arch Argent Dermatol. 1988;38:345-9.
    • (1988) Ch Argent Dermatol , vol.3 , pp. 5-9
    • Stengel, F.M.1
  • 75
    • 38949196294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and behavioral change for sun protection
    • Stengel FM, Fernandez JF. Education and behavioral change for sun protection. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2005;4:83-8.
    • (2005) J Cosmet Dermatol , vol.4 , pp. 83-88
    • Stengel, F.M.1    Fernandez, J.F.2
  • 76
    • 84862159792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of knowledge of skin cancer prevention and its relation with sun exposure and photo protection amongst gym academy members on the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil
    • Fabris MR, Durães ES, Martignago BC, Blanco LF, Fabris TR. Assessment of knowledge of skin cancer prevention and its relation with sun exposure and photo protection amongst gym academy members on the South of Santa Catarina, Brazil. An Bras Dermatol. 2012;87:36-43.
    • (2012) An Bras Dermatol , vol.87 , pp. 36-43
    • Fabris, M.R.1    Durães, E.S.2    Martignago, B.C.3    Blanco, L.F.4    Fabris, T.R.5
  • 77
    • 0034997931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of the Hawaii Sun smart program's impact on outdoor recreation staff
    • Glanz K, Maddock JE, Lew RA, Murakami-Akatsuka L. A randomized trial of the Hawaii Sun smart program's impact on outdoor recreation staff. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44:973-8.
    • (2001) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.44 , pp. 973-978
    • Glanz, K.1    Maddock, J.E.2    Lew, R.A.3    Murakami-Akatsuka, L.4
  • 79
    • 0035746769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of knowledge of melanoma risk factors, prevention, and detection principles in Texas teenagers
    • Lucci A, Citro HW, Wilson L. Assessment of knowledge of melanoma risk factors, prevention, and detection principles in Texas teenagers. J Surg Res. 2001;97:179-83.
    • (2001) J Surg Res , vol.97 , pp. 179-183
    • Lucci, A.1    Citro, H.W.2    Wilson, L.3
  • 80
    • 0033753505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of primary intervention initiatives for skin cancer: A review from a UK perpective
    • Melia J, Pendry L, Eiser JR, Harland C, Moss S. Evaluation of primary intervention initiatives for skin cancer: a review from a UK perpective. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:701-8.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 701-708
    • Melia, J.1    Pendry, L.2    Eiser, J.R.3    Harland, C.4    Moss, S.5
  • 81
    • 80054808637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The public health future of melanoma control
    • Koh HK, Geller AC. The public health future of melanoma control. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:S3-5.
    • (2011) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.65
    • Koh, H.K.1    Geller, A.C.2
  • 82
    • 84906739387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of skin cancer knowledge in sun-related behaviours: A systematic review
    • Day AK, Wilson CJ, Hutchinson AD, Roberts RM. The role of skin cancer knowledge in sun-related behaviours: a systematic review. J Health Psychol. 2014;19:1143-62
    • (2014) J Health Psychol , vol.19 , pp. 1143-1162
    • Day, A.K.1    Wilson, C.J.2    Hutchinson, A.D.3    Roberts, R.M.4
  • 83
    • 21244435997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun exposure and sun protection habits among high-school adolescents in Porto Alegre, Brazil
    • Benvenuto-Andrade C, Zen B, Fonseca G, De Villa D, Cestari T. Sun exposure and sun protection habits among high-school adolescents in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Photochem Photobiol. 2005;81:630-5.
    • (2005) Photochem Photobiol , vol.81 , pp. 630-635
    • Benvenuto-Andrade, C.1    Zen, B.2    Fonseca, G.3    De Villa, D.4    Cestari, T.5
  • 84
    • 80054814026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of sunburn, sun protection, and indoor tanning behaviors among Americans: Review from national surveys and case studies of 3 states
    • Buller DB, Cokkinides V, Hall HI, Hartman AM, Saraiya M, Miller E, et al. Prevalence of sunburn, sun protection, and indoor tanning behaviors among Americans: review from national surveys and case studies of 3 states. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:S114-23.
    • (2011) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.65
    • Buller, D.B.1    Cokkinides, V.2    Hall, H.I.3    Hartman, A.M.4    Saraiya, M.5    Miller, E.6
  • 85
    • 79551571798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral counseling to prevent skin cancer: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Lin JS, Eder M, Weinmann S. Behavioral counseling to prevent skin cancer: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:190-201.
    • (2011) Ann Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 190-201
    • Lin, J.S.1    Eder, M.2    Weinmann, S.3
  • 86
    • 84887817655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized Trial of Tailored Skin Cancer Prevention for Children: The Project SCAPE Family Study
    • Glanz K, Steffen AD, Schoenfeld E, Tappe KA. Randomized Trial of Tailored Skin Cancer Prevention for Children: The Project SCAPE Family Study. J Health Commun. 2013;18:1368-83.
    • (2013) J Health Commun , vol.18 , pp. 1368-1383
    • Glanz, K.1    Steffen, A.D.2    Schoenfeld, E.3    Tappe, K.A.4
  • 91
    • 8844258803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiations: A systematic review
    • Saraiya M, Glanz K, Briss PA, Nichols P, White C, Das D, et al. Interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiations: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27:422-66.
    • (2004) Am J Prev Med , vol.27 , pp. 422-466
    • Saraiya, M.1    Glanz, K.2    Briss, P.A.3    Nichols, P.4    White, C.5    Das, D.6
  • 92
    • 44449153697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agency's SunWise program: Sun protection education for young children
    • Kyle JW, Hammitt JK, Lim HW, Geller AC, Hall-Jordan LH, Maibach EW, et al. Economic evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agency's SunWise program: sun protection education for young children. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1074-84.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121
    • Kyle, J.W.1    Hammitt, J.K.2    Lim, H.W.3    Geller, A.C.4    Hall-Jordan, L.H.5    Maibach, E.W.6
  • 94
    • 80054794819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting children through school-based education and policy strategies: Comprehensive cancer control activities in melanoma prevention
    • Townsend JS, Pinkerton B, McKenna SA, Higgins SM, Tai E, Steele CB, et al. Targeting children through school-based education and policy strategies: comprehensive cancer control activities in melanoma prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:S104-13.
    • (2011) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.65 , pp. S104-S113
    • Townsend, J.S.1    Pinkerton, B.2    McKenna, S.A.3    Higgins, S.M.4    Tai, E.5    Steele, C.B.6
  • 96
    • 84856477196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cdc.gov [Internet], Sun safety for America's youth toolkit. Atlanta (GA). July 2009. [cited 2013 Jun 29]
    • Cdc.gov [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sun safety for America's youth toolkit. Atlanta (GA). July 2009. [cited 2013 Jun 29]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/pdf/toolkit/SunSafetyToolkit_MainText.pdf
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • 98
    • 84901274604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SBD Kids
    • Sbd.org.br [Internet]. Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. SBD Kids. [acesso 29 Jun 2013]. Disponível em: http://www.sbd.org.br/acoes/sbd-kids/
    • Sociedade Brasileira De Dermatologia
  • 99
    • 55049090295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of program exposure and engagement with tailored prevention communication on sun protection by young adolescents
    • Reynolds KD, Buller DB, Yaroch AL, Maloy J, Geno CR, Cutter GR. Effects of program exposure and engagement with tailored prevention communication on sun protection by young adolescents. J Health Commun. 2008;13:619-36.
    • (2008) J Health Commun , vol.13 , pp. 619-636
    • Reynolds, K.D.1    Buller, D.B.2    Yaroch, A.L.3    Maloy, J.4    Geno, C.R.5    Cutter, G.R.6
  • 100
    • 84875971061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teens and indoor tanning: A cancer prevention opportunity for pediatricians
    • Balk SJ, Fisher DE, Geller AC. Teens and indoor tanning: a cancer prevention opportunity for pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2013;131:772-85.
    • (2013) Pediatrics , vol.131 , pp. 772-785
    • Balk, S.J.1    Fisher, D.E.2    Geller, A.C.3
  • 101
    • 79953177483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of video-based, online education on behavioral and knowledge outcomes in sunscreen use: A randomized controlled trial
    • Armstrong AW, Idriss NZ, Kim RH. Effects of video-based, online education on behavioral and knowledge outcomes in sunscreen use: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;83:273-7.
    • (2011) Patient Educ Couns , vol.83 , pp. 273-277
    • Armstrong, A.W.1    Idriss, N.Z.2    Kim, R.H.3
  • 102
    • 84876138243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, perceptions and behaviours about skin cancer and sun protection among secondary school students from Central Italy
    • Suppa M, Cazzaniga S, Fargnoli MC, Naldi L, Peris K. Knowledge, perceptions and behaviours about skin cancer and sun protection among secondary school students from Central Italy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:571-9.
    • (2013) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.27 , pp. 571-579
    • Suppa, M.1    Cazzaniga, S.2    Fargnoli, M.C.3    Naldi, L.4    Peris, K.5
  • 104
    • 33744898952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a multimedia intervention "Skinsafe" on patients' knowledge and protective behav-iors
    • Glazebrook C, Garrud P, Avery A, Coupland C, Williams H. Impact of a multimedia intervention "Skinsafe" on patients' knowledge and protective behav-iors. Prev Med. 2006;42:449-54.
    • (2006) Prev Med , vol.42 , pp. 449-454
    • Glazebrook, C.1    Garrud, P.2    Avery, A.3    Coupland, C.4    Williams, H.5
  • 105
    • 77949431467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention messages for adults: Project SCAPE
    • Glanz K, Schoenfeld ER, Steffen A. A randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention messages for adults: Project SCAPE. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:735-41.
    • (2010) Am J Public Health , vol.100 , pp. 735-741
    • Glanz, K.1    Schoenfeld, E.R.2    Steffen, A.A.3
  • 106
    • 21144454664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stagebased expert systems to guide a population of primary care patients to quit smoking, eat healthier, prevent skin cancer, and receive regular mammo-grams
    • Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Redding C, Rossi JS, Goldstein M, DePue J, et al. Stagebased expert systems to guide a population of primary care patients to quit smoking, eat healthier, prevent skin cancer, and receive regular mammo-grams. Prev Med. 2005;41:406-16.
    • (2005) Prev Med , vol.41 , pp. 406-416
    • Prochaska, J.O.1    Velicer, W.F.2    Redding, C.3    Rossi, J.S.4    Goldstein, M.5    Depue, J.6
  • 107
    • 4344692491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple risk expert systems interventions: Impact of simultaneous stage-matched expert system interventions for smoking, high-fat diet, and sun exposure in a population of parents
    • Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Rossi JS, Redding CA, Greene GW, Rossi SR, et al. Multiple risk expert systems interventions: impact of simultaneous stage-matched expert system interventions for smoking, high-fat diet, and sun exposure in a population of parents. Health Psychol. 2004;23:503-16.
    • (2004) Health Psychol , vol.23 , pp. 503-516
    • Prochaska, J.O.1    Velicer, W.F.2    Rossi, J.S.3    Redding, C.A.4    Greene, G.W.5    Rossi, S.R.6
  • 108
    • 33747199895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial to improve early detection and prevention practices among siblings of melanoma patients
    • Geller AC, Emmons KM, Brooks DR, Powers C, Zhang Z, Koh HK, et al. A randomized trial to improve early detection and prevention practices among siblings of melanoma patients. Cancer. 2006;107:806-14.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.107 , pp. 806-814
    • Geller, A.C.1    Emmons, K.M.2    Brooks, D.R.3    Powers, C.4    Zhang, Z.5    Koh, H.K.6
  • 109
    • 58149400319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer
    • Hillhouse J, Turrisi R, Stapleton J, Robinson J. A randomized controlled trial of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer. Cancer. 2008;113:3257-66.
    • (2008) Cancer , vol.113 , pp. 3257-3266
    • Hillhouse, J.1    Turrisi, R.2    Stapleton, J.3    Robinson, J.4
  • 110
    • 34248590084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of appearancebased interventions on sun protection behaviors
    • Mahler HI, Kulik JA, Gerrard M, Gibbons FX. Long-term effects of appearancebased interventions on sun protection behaviors. Health Psychol. 2007;26:350-60.
    • (2007) Health Psychol , vol.26 , pp. 350-360
    • Mahler, H.I.1    Kulik, J.A.2    Gerrard, M.3    Gibbons, F.X.4
  • 111
    • 77955945313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the efficacy of an appearance-focused skin cancer intervention within indoor tanner subgroups identified by latent profile analysis
    • Stapleton J, Turrisi R, Hillhouse J, Robinson JK, Abar B. A comparison of the efficacy of an appearance-focused skin cancer intervention within indoor tanner subgroups identified by latent profile analysis. J Behav Med. 2010;33:181-90.
    • (2010) J Behav Med , vol.33 , pp. 181-190
    • Stapleton, J.1    Turrisi, R.2    Hillhouse, J.3    Robinson, J.K.4    Abar, B.5
  • 112
    • 56549120336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 2 brief intervention approaches to reduce indoor tanning behavior in young women who indoor tan very frequently
    • Turrisi R, Mastroleo NR, Stapleton J, Mallett K. A comparison of 2 brief intervention approaches to reduce indoor tanning behavior in young women who indoor tan very frequently. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1521-4.
    • (2008) Arch Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 1521-1524
    • Turrisi, R.1    Mastroleo, N.R.2    Stapleton, J.3    Mallett, K.4
  • 113
    • 84899771717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between occupational sun exposure and non-melanoma skin cancer: Clinical basics, epidemiology, occupational disease evaluation, and prevention
    • Fartasch M, Diepgen TL, Schmitt J, Drexler H. The relationship between occupational sun exposure and non-melanoma skin cancer: clinical basics, epidemiology, occupational disease evaluation, and prevention. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012;109:715-20.
    • (2012) Dtsch Arztebl Int , vol.109 , pp. 715-720
    • Fartasch, M.1    Diepgen, T.L.2    Schmitt, J.3    Drexler, H.4
  • 114
    • 84876430971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational sun protection: Workplace culture, equipment provision and outdoor workers' characteristics
    • Reeder AI, Gray A, McCool JP. Occupational sun protection: workplace culture, equipment provision and outdoor workers' characteristics. J Occup Health. 2013;55:84-97.
    • (2013) J Occup Health , vol.55 , pp. 84-97
    • Reeder, A.I.1    Gray, A.2    McCool, J.P.3
  • 115
    • 84875811804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of age, gender, educational level and self-estimation of skin type on sun exposure habits and readiness to increase sun protection
    • Falk M, Anderson CD. Influence of age, gender, educational level and self-estimation of skin type on sun exposure habits and readiness to increase sun protection. Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;37:127-32.
    • (2013) Cancer Epidemiol , vol.37 , pp. 127-132
    • Falk, M.1    Erson, C.D.2
  • 116
    • 84877593610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): Validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices
    • Jennings L, Karia PS, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Whalen FM, Schmults CD. The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:706-15.
    • (2013) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.27 , pp. 706-715
    • Jennings, L.1    Karia, P.S.2    Jambusaria-Pahlajani, A.3    Whalen, F.M.4    Schmults, C.D.5
  • 118
    • 84876380771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived relevance of educative information on public (Skin) health: A cross-sectiona l questionnaire survey
    • Haluza D, Cervinka R. Perceived relevance of educative information on public (skin) health: a cross-sectiona l questionnaire survey. J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46:82-8.
    • (2013) J Prev Med Public Health , vol.46 , pp. 82-88
    • Haluza, D.1    Cervinka, R.2
  • 119
    • 0036235826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection: Public campaigns in Ireland and the U.K
    • Murphy GM. Photoprotection: public campaigns in Ireland and the U.K. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:31-3.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.146 , pp. 31-33
    • Murphy, G.M.1
  • 120
    • 79954576313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance matters: The frame and focus of health messages influences beliefs about skin cancer
    • Thomas K, Hevey D, Pertl M, Ní Chuinneagáin S, Craig A, Maher L. Appearance matters: the frame and focus of health messages influences beliefs about skin cancer. Br J Health Psychol. 2011;16:418-29.
    • (2011) Br J Health Psychol , vol.16 , pp. 418-429
    • Thomas, K.1    Hevey, D.2    Pertl, M.3    Ní Chuinneagáin, S.4    Craig, A.5    Maher, L.6
  • 121
    • 80053497134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood of dermatology patients to inquire about sun protection measures during a regular clinic visit
    • Jung GW, Senthilselvan A, Salopek TG. Likelihood of dermatology patients to inquire about sun protection measures during a regular clinic visit. J Cutan Med Surg. 2011;15:266-74.
    • (2011) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.15 , pp. 266-274
    • Jung, G.W.1    Senthilselvan, A.2    Salopek, T.G.3
  • 122
    • 3943070378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance
    • Kim SS, Kaplowitz S, Johnston MV. The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval Health Prof. 2004;27:237-51.
    • (2004) Eval Health Prof , vol.27 , pp. 237-251
    • Kim, S.S.1    Kaplowitz, S.2    Johnston, M.V.3
  • 123
    • 79960066695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun protection factor: Meaning and controversies
    • Schalka S, Reis VM. Sun protection factor: meaning and controversies. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86:507-15.
    • (2011) An Bras Dermatol , vol.86 , pp. 507-515
    • Schalka, S.1    Reis, V.M.2
  • 124
    • 84940391549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filtros solares e fotoproteção
    • Monteiro EO. Filtros solares e fotoproteção. RBM Rev Bras Med. 2010;67:5-18.
    • (2010) RBM Rev Bras Med , vol.67 , pp. 5-18
    • Monteiro, E.O.1
  • 125
    • 84922659335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemistry of ultraviolet filters
    • Shaat NA, 3. ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis
    • Shaat NA. The chemistry of ultraviolet filters In: Shaat NA. Sunscreens: regulation and commercial development. 3. ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis; 2005. p. 217-39.
    • (2005) Sunscreens: Regulation and Commercial Development , pp. 217-239
    • Shaat, N.A.1
  • 126
    • 84938680362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inorganic ultraviolet filters
    • Shaat NA, 3. ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis
    • Schlossman D, Sho Y. Inorganic ultraviolet filters In: Shaat NA. Sunscreens: regulation and commercial development. 3. ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, 2005. p. 239-81.
    • (2005) Sunscreens: Regulation and Commercial Development , pp. 239-281
    • Schlossman, D.1    Sho, Y.2
  • 127
    • 84940431740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Brasil). Resolução nº 211, de 14 de Julho de 2005. Estabelece a Definição e a Classificação de Produtos de Higiene Pessoal, Cosméticos e Perfumes, conforme Anexo I e II desta Resolução e dá outras definições. Diario Oficial da União jul 2005
    • Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Brasil). Resolução nº 211, de 14 de Julho de 2005. Estabelece a Definição e a Classificação de Produtos de Higiene Pessoal, Cosméticos e Perfumes, conforme Anexo I e II desta Resolução e dá outras definições. Diario Oficial da União jul 2005.
  • 128
    • 54949120367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brasil, Resolução-RDC no 30, de 1o de junho de 2012. Aprova o Regulamento Técnico Mercosul sobre Protetores solares em Cosméticos e dá outras providências. Diario Oficial da União jun 2012. [acesso 6 Nov 2014]
    • Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução-RDC no 30, de 1o de junho de 2012. Aprova o Regulamento Técnico Mercosul sobre Protetores solares em Cosméticos e dá outras providências. Diario Oficial da União jun 2012. [acesso 6 Nov 2014]. Disponível em: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/ e15afe804c58f17fb8f0f8dc39d59d3e/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+RDC+N%C2% BA+30,+de+1%C2%BA+de+Junho+de+2012.pdf?MOD=AJPERES.
    • Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária
  • 129
    • 56749116208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation sunscreens products
    • Shaat NA, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis
    • Kenneth K, Palefsky I. Formulation sunscreens products In: Shaat NA. Sunscreens: regulation and commercial development. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis; 2005. p. 353-85.
    • (2005) Sunscreens: Regulation and Commercial Development , pp. 353-385
    • Kenneth, K.1    Palefsky, I.2
  • 133
    • 33947308035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human skin penetration of sunscreens nanoparticles: In vitro assessment of a novel micronized zinc oxide formulations
    • Cross SE, Innes B, Roberts MS, Tsuzuki T, Robertson TA, McCormick P. Human skin penetration of sunscreens nanoparticles: in vitro assessment of a novel micronized zinc oxide formulations. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;20:148-54.
    • (2007) Skin Pharmacol Physiol , vol.20 , pp. 148-154
    • Cross, S.E.1    Innes, B.2    Roberts, M.S.3    Tsuzuki, T.4    Robertson, T.A.5    McCormick, P.6
  • 135
    • 28444490427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance and sunscreens
    • Draelos ZD. Compliance and sunscreens. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24:101-4.
    • (2006) Dermatol Clin , vol.24 , pp. 101-104
    • Draelos, Z.D.1
  • 136
    • 84855498722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multifunctional value of sunscreen-containing cosmetics
    • Draelos ZD. The multifunctional value of sunscreen-containing cosmetics. Skin Therapy Lett. 2011;16:1-3.
    • (2011) Skin Therapy Lett , vol.16 , pp. 1-3
    • Draelos, Z.D.1
  • 137
    • 28544442110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical bennefit of moisturizers
    • Lodén M. The clinical bennefit of moisturizers. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19:672-88.
    • (2005) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.19 , pp. 672-688
    • Lodén, M.1
  • 138
    • 22844446176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisturizers: What they are and a practical approach to product selection
    • Kraft JN, Lynde CW. Moisturizers: what they are and a practical approach to product selection. Skin Therapy Lett. 2005;10:1-8.
    • (2005) Skin Therapy Lett , vol.10 , pp. 1-8
    • Kraft, J.N.1    Lynde, C.W.2
  • 139
  • 141
    • 35348892775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoageing: Mechanism, prevention and therapy
    • Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157:874-87.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , pp. 874-887
    • Yaar, M.1    Gilchrest, B.A.2
  • 142
    • 34447541222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic aspects of cutaneous photoaging
    • Watson RE, Griffiths CE. Pathogenic aspects of cutaneous photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2005;4:230-6.
    • (2005) J Cosmet Dermatol , vol.4 , pp. 230-236
    • Watson, R.E.1    Griffiths, C.E.2
  • 143
    • 84872675316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wang SQ.The role of antioxidants in photoprotection: A critical review
    • Chen L, Hu JY, Wang SQ.The role of antioxidants in photoprotection: a critical review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:1013-24.
    • (2012) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.67 , pp. 1013-1024
    • Chen, L.1    Hu, J.Y.2
  • 147
    • 0033070601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin
    • Katiyar SK, Matsui MS, Elmets CA, Mukhtar H. Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin. Photochem Photobiol. 1999;69:148-53.
    • (1999) Photochem Photobiol , vol.69 , pp. 148-153
    • Katiyar, S.K.1    Matsui, M.S.2    Elmets, C.A.3    Mukhtar, H.4
  • 148
    • 0030861656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tretinoin emollient cream for photodamaged skin: Results of 48-week, multicenter, double-blind studies
    • Olsen EA, Katz HI, Levine N, Nigra TP, Pochi PE, Savin RC, et al. Tretinoin emollient cream for photodamaged skin: results of 48-week, multicenter, double-blind studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:217-26.
    • (1997) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.37 , pp. 217-226
    • Olsen, E.A.1    Katz, H.I.2    Levine, N.3    Nigra, T.P.4    Pochi, P.E.5    Savin, R.C.6
  • 149
    • 55949114089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro assessments of UVA protection by popular sunscreens available in the United States
    • Wang SQ, Stanfield JW, Osterwalder U. In vitro assessments of UVA protection by popular sunscreens available in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:934-42.
    • (2008) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.59 , pp. 934-942
    • Wang, S.Q.1    Stanfield, J.W.2    Osterwalder, U.3
  • 153
    • 34548322740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous characterization of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone from topical skin application
    • Kasichayanula S, House JD, Wang T, Gu X. Percutaneous characterization of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone from topical skin application. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007;223:187-94.
    • (2007) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.223 , pp. 187-194
    • Kasichayanula, S.1    House, J.D.2    Wang, T.3    Gu, X.4
  • 154
    • 78649586214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous permeation comparison of repellents picaridin and DEET in concurrent use with sunscreen oxybenzone from commercially available preparations
    • Chen T, Burczynski FJ, Miller DW, Gu X. Percutaneous permeation comparison of repellents picaridin and DEET in concurrent use with sunscreen oxybenzone from commercially available preparations. Pharmazie. 2010;65:835-9.
    • (2010) Pharmazie , vol.65 , pp. 835-839
    • Chen, T.1    Burczynski, F.J.2    Miller, D.W.3    Gu, X.4
  • 155
    • 0033868468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sunscreen on the efficacy of insect repellent: A clinical trial
    • Murphy ME, Montemarano AD, Debboun M, Gupta R. The effect of sunscreen on the efficacy of insect repellent: A clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43:219-22.
    • (2000) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.43 , pp. 219-222
    • Murphy, M.E.1    Montemarano, A.D.2    Debboun, M.3    Gupta, R.4
  • 156
  • 159
    • 0030665005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact and photocontact sensitivity to sunscreens. Review of a 15-year experience and of the literature
    • Schauder S, Ippen H. Contact and photocontact sensitivity to sunscreens. Review of a 15-year experience and of the literature. Contact Dermatitis. 1997;37:221-32.
    • (1997) Contact Dermatitis , vol.37 , pp. 221-232
    • Schauder, S.1    Ippen, H.2
  • 160
    • 77950438784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen products: Finding the allergen
    • Avenel-Audran M. Sunscreen products: Finding the allergen. Eur J Dermatol. 2010;20:161-6.
    • (2010) Eur J Dermatol , vol.20 , pp. 161-166
    • Avenel-Audran, M.1
  • 161
    • 43549095284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanotechnology: A new paradigm in cosmeceuticals
    • Kaur IP, Agrawal R. Nanotechnology: a new paradigm in cosmeceuticals. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2007;1:171-82.
    • (2007) Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul , vol.1 , pp. 171-182
    • Kaur, I.P.1    Agrawal, R.2
  • 162
  • 163
    • 85127962531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of human photobiology
    • Lim HW, Hönigsmann H, Hawk JLM, New York: Informa Healthcare USA
    • Roelandts R. History of human photobiology In: Lim HW, Hönigsmann H, Hawk JLM. Photodermatology. New York: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007. p 1-13.
    • (2007) Photodermatology , pp. 1-13
    • Roelandts, R.1
  • 164
    • 0034576777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An international evaluation of the cancer-preventive potential of sunscreens
    • Vainio H, Miller AB, Bianchini F. An international evaluation of the cancer-preventive potential of sunscreens. Int J Cancer. 2000;88:838-42.
    • (2000) Int J Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 838-842
    • Vainio, H.1    Miller, A.B.2    Bianchini, F.3
  • 165
    • 0036789241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sunscreen on melanoma risk
    • Rigel DS. The effect of sunscreen on melanoma risk. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:601-6.
    • (2002) Dermatol Clin , vol.20 , pp. 601-606
    • Rigel, D.S.1
  • 166
    • 24144482398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen and melanoma: The future looks bright
    • Diffey BL. Sunscreen and melanoma: The future looks bright. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153:378-81.
    • (2005) Br J Dermatol , vol.153 , pp. 378-381
    • Diffey, B.L.1
  • 167
    • 84940397071 scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter drugs: proposed safety, effective and labeling conditions. Federal register.43/166.38206-38269.25 August
    • Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, FDA. Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter drugs: proposed safety, effective and labeling conditions. Federal register.43/166.38206-38269.25 August 1978. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DevelopmentResources/Over-the-CounterOTCDrugs/StatusofOTCRulemakings/ucm090127.pdf
    • (1978) Department of Health, Education and Welfare, FDA
  • 168
    • 67649573353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration, Sunscreen Drug Product for Over-The-Counter Human Use, Final Rule, Federal Register vol. 1978N–0038
    • Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health and Human Services, FDA. Sunscreen Drug Product for Over-The-Counter Human Use, Final Rule, Federal Register vol. 1978N–0038. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/ 98fr/cd031.pdf
    • Department of Health and Human Services, FDA
  • 169
    • 84940398014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Sun Protector Factor Test Method, COLIPA-CTFA SA-JCIA-CTFA US
    • International Sun Protector Factor Test Method. International SPF Test Method 2006 (COLIPA-CTFA SA-JCIA-CTFA US)
    • International SPF Test Method 2006
  • 170
    • 84940431744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Cosmetics Association, Guidelines for evaluating sun product water resistance. October
    • European Cosmetics Association. COLIPA Guidelines. Guidelines for evaluating sun product water resistance. October 2004.
    • (2004) COLIPA Guidelines
  • 171
    • 0033668786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of UVA protection factors using the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) as the end point (part 1):Calibration of the method
    • Moyal D, Chardon A, Kollias N. Determination of UVA protection factors using the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) as the end point (part 1):calibration of the method. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000 Dec;16:245-9.
    • (2000) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.16 , pp. 245-249
    • Moyal, D.1    Chardon, A.2    Kollias, N.3
  • 172
    • 0033672834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UVA protecion efficacy of sunscreens can be determinated by the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method (part 2)
    • Moyal D, Chardon A, Kollias N. UVA protecion efficacy of sunscreens can be determinated by the persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method (part 2). Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000;16:250-5.
    • (2000) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.16 , pp. 250-255
    • Moyal, D.1    Chardon, A.2    Kollias, N.3
  • 174
    • 33744468579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo persistent pigment darkening method: A demonstration of the reproducibility of the UVA protection factors results at several testing laboratories
    • Moyal D, Wichrowski K, Tricaud C. In vivo persistent pigment darkening method: a demonstration of the reproducibility of the UVA protection factors results at several testing laboratories. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2006;22:124-8.
    • (2006) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.22 , pp. 124-128
    • Moyal, D.1    Wichrowski, K.2    Tricaud, C.3
  • 175
    • 0033670051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro assessment of the broad-spectrum ultraviolet protection of sunscreen products
    • Diffey BL, Tanner PR, Matts PJ, Nash JF. In vitro assessment of the broad-spectrum ultraviolet protection of sunscreen products. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43:1024-35.
    • (2000) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.43 , pp. 1024-1035
    • Diffey, B.L.1    Tanner, P.R.2    Matts, P.J.3    Nash, J.F.4
  • 176
    • 29244458204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation on the photostability of different UV filter combinations in a sunscreen
    • Gaspar LR, Maia Campos PM. Evaluation on the photostability of different UV filter combinations in a sunscreen. Int J Pharm. 2006;307:123-8.
    • (2006) Int J Pharm , vol.307 , pp. 123-128
    • Gaspar, L.R.1    Maia Campos, P.M.2
  • 178
    • 84896359526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen protection against visible light: A new proposal for Evaluation
    • Schalka S, Addor FAS, Agelune CM, Pereira VMC. Sunscreen protection against visible light: a new proposal for Evaluation. Surg Cosmet Dermatol 2012;3:45-52.
    • (2012) Surg Cosmet Dermatol , vol.3 , pp. 45-52
    • Schalka, S.1    Addor, F.2    Agelune, C.M.3    Pereira, V.4
  • 179
    • 0141625647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous effects of infrared radiation: From clinical observations to molecular response mechanisms
    • Schieke SM, Schroeder P, Krutmann J. Cutaneous effects of infrared radiation: from clinical observations to molecular response mechanisms. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2003;19:228-34.
    • (2003) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.19 , pp. 228-234
    • Schieke, S.M.1    Schroeder, P.2    Krutmann, J.3
  • 180
    • 84940431745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Organization for Standardization. ISO/TC 217 – Cosmetics WG7-Sun protection test methods
    • International Organization for Standardization. ISO/TC 217 – Cosmetics WG7-Sun protection test methods, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 182
    • 0031692818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of IL6 produc-tion by UV radiation in normal epidermal keratinocytes and in a human keratinocyte line is mediated by DNA damage
    • Petit-Frère C, Clingen PH, Grewe M, Krutmann J, Roza L, Arlett CF, et al. Induction of IL6 produc-tion by UV radiation in normal epidermal keratinocytes and in a human keratinocyte line is mediated by DNA damage. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111:354-9.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 354-359
    • Petit-Frère, C.1    Clingen, P.H.2    Grewe, M.3    Krutmann, J.4    Roza, L.5    Arlett, C.F.6
  • 183
    • 19044393915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of UV-induced immunosuppression
    • Schwarz A, Schwarz T. Molecular determinants of UV-induced immunosuppression. Exp Dermatol. 2002;11:9-12.
    • (2002) Exp Dermatol , vol.11 , pp. 9-12
    • Schwarz, A.1    Schwarz, T.2
  • 185
    • 14644419663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: Role of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation induced: A review
    • Pillai S, Oresajo C, Hayward J. Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: role of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation induced: a review. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005;27:17-34.
    • (2005) Int J Cosmet Sci , vol.27 , pp. 17-34
    • Pillai, S.1    Oresajo, C.2    Hayward, J.3
  • 187
    • 1542318576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polyhydroxy acid gluconolactone protects against ultraviolet radiation in an in vitro model of cutaneous photoaging
    • Bernstein EF, Brown DB, Schwartz MD, Kaidbey K, Ksenzenko SM. The polyhydroxy acid gluconolactone protects against ultraviolet radiation in an in vitro model of cutaneous photoaging. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30:189-95
    • (2004) Dermatol Surg , vol.30 , pp. 189-195
    • Bernstein, E.F.1    Brown, D.B.2    Schwartz, M.D.3    Kaidbey, K.4    Ksenzenko, S.M.5
  • 188
    • 74549220785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A broadspectrum sunscreen prevents cumulative damage from repeated exposure to suberythe-mal solar ultraviolet radiation representative of temperate latitudes
    • Seité S, Christiaens F, Bredoux C, Compan D, Zucchi H, Lombard D, et al. A broadspectrum sunscreen prevents cumulative damage from repeated exposure to suberythe-mal solar ultraviolet radiation representative of temperate latitudes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:219-22.
    • (2010) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.24 , pp. 219-222
    • Seité, S.1    Christiaens, F.2    Bredoux, C.3    Compan, D.4    Zucchi, H.5    Lombard, D.6
  • 191
    • 77954012650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and enhancing youthful-appearing skin
    • Draelos ZD. Nutrition and enhancing youthful-appearing skin. Clin Dermatol. 2010;28:400-8.
    • (2010) Clin Dermatol , vol.28 , pp. 400-408
    • Draelos, Z.D.1
  • 193
    • 0037231615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection
    • Pinnell SR. Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:1-19.
    • (2003) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.48 , pp. 1-19
    • Pinnell, S.R.1
  • 194
    • 80051794270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ex vivo evaluation of radical sun protection factor in popular sunscreens with antioxidants
    • Wang SQ, Osterwalder U, Jung K. Ex vivo evaluation of radical sun protection factor in popular sunscreens with antioxidants. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:525-30.
    • (2011) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.65 , pp. 525-530
    • Wang, S.Q.1    Osterwalder, U.2    Jung, K.3
  • 195
    • 0027651969 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the photoprotective effects of vitamin
    • Fryer MJ. Evidence for the photoprotective effects of vitamin E. Photochem Photobiol. 1993;58:304-12.
    • (1993) E. Photochem Photobiol , vol.58 , pp. 304-312
    • Fryer, M.J.1
  • 197
    • 77957893901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant correlations of dermal total carotenoids and dermal lycopene with their respective plasma levels in healthy adults
    • Scarmo S, Cartmel B, Lin H, Leffell DJ, Welch E, Bhosale P, et al. Significant correlations of dermal total carotenoids and dermal lycopene with their respective plasma levels in healthy adults. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010;504:34-9.
    • (2010) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.504 , pp. 34-39
    • Scarmo, S.1    Cartmel, B.2    Lin, H.3    Leffell, D.J.4    Welch, E.5    Bhosale, P.6
  • 198
    • 0036242809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UVB photoprotection with antioxidants: Effects of oral therapy with dalpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the minimal erythema dose
    • Mireles-Rocha H, Galindo I, Huerta M, Trujillo-Hernández B, Elizalde A, Cortés-Franco R. UVB photoprotection with antioxidants: effects of oral therapy with dalpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the minimal erythema dose. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82:21-4.
    • (2002) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.82 , pp. 21-24
    • Mireles-Rocha, H.1    Galindo, I.2    Huerta, M.3    Trujillo-Hernández, B.4    Elizalde, A.5    Cortés-Franco, R.6
  • 199
    • 12944249329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage in human epidermis is modified by the antioxidants ascorbic acid and D-alpha-tocopherol
    • Placzek M, Gaube S, Kerkmann U, Gilbertz KP, Herzinger T, Haen E, et al. Ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage in human epidermis is modified by the antioxidants ascorbic acid and D-alpha-tocopherol. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124:304-7.
    • (2005) J Invest Dermatol , vol.124 , pp. 304-307
    • Placzek, M.1    Gaube, S.2    Kerkmann, U.3    Gilbertz, K.P.4    Herzinger, T.5    Haen, E.6
  • 200
    • 34347344721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of vitamins C and E in cutaneous photoprotection
    • Eberlein-König B, Ring J. Relevance of vitamins C and E in cutaneous photoprotection. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2005;4:4-9.
    • (2005) J Cosmet Dermatol , vol.4 , pp. 4-9
    • Eberlein-König, B.1    Ring, J.2
  • 201
    • 0028997258 scopus 로고
    • Skin lycopene is destroyed preferentially over beta-carotene during ul-traviolet irradiation in humans
    • Ribaya-Mercado JD, Garmyn M, Gilchrest BA, Russell RM. Skin lycopene is destroyed preferentially over beta-carotene during ul-traviolet irradiation in humans. J Nutr. 1995;125:1854-9.
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125 , pp. 1854-1859
    • Ribaya-Mercado, J.D.1    Garmyn, M.2    Gilchrest, B.A.3    Russell, R.M.4
  • 203
    • 3142718787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight
    • Sies H, Stahl W. Nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight. Annu Rev Nutr. 2004;24:173-200.
    • (2004) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 173-200
    • Sies, H.1    Stahl, W.2
  • 204
    • 0036200535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carotenoids contribute to normal human skin color and UV photosensitivity
    • Alaluf S, Heinrich U, Stahl W, Tronnier H, Wiseman S. Dietary carotenoids contribute to normal human skin color and UV photosensitivity. J Nutr. 2002;132:399-403.
    • (2002) J Nutr , vol.132 , pp. 399-403
    • Alaluf, S.1    Heinrich, U.2    Stahl, W.3    Tronnier, H.4    Wiseman, S.5
  • 205
    • 78649556651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans
    • Grune T, Lietz G, Palou A, Ross AC, Stahl W, Tang G, et al. Beta-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans. J Nutr. 2010;140:2268S-2285S.
    • (2010) J Nutr , vol.140
    • Grune, T.1    Lietz, G.2    Palou, A.3    Ross, A.C.4    Stahl, W.5    Tang, G.6
  • 206
    • 41049114408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection from sunburn with beta-Carotene--a meta-analysis
    • Köpcke W, Krutmann J. Protection from sunburn with beta-Carotene--a meta-analysis. Photochem Photobiol. 2008;84:284-8.
    • (2008) Photochem Photobiol , vol.84 , pp. 284-288
    • Köpcke, W.1    Krutmann, J.2
  • 207
    • 0034003859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans
    • Stahl W, Heinrich U, Jungmann H, Sies H, Tronnier H. Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:795-8.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 795-798
    • Stahl, W.1    Heinrich, U.2    Jungmann, H.3    Sies, H.4    Tronnier, H.5
  • 208
  • 209
    • 0034089988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid supplementation reduces erythema in human skin after simulated solar radiation exposure
    • Lee J, Jiang S, Levine N, Watson RR. Carotenoid supplementation reduces erythema in human skin after simulated solar radiation exposure. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000;223:170-4.
    • (2000) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.223 , pp. 170-174
    • Lee, J.1    Jiang, S.2    Levine, N.3    Watson, R.R.4
  • 210
    • 0037224749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with beta-carotene or a similar amount of mixed carotenoids protects humans from UV-induced erythema
    • Heinrich U, Gärtner C, Wiebusch M, Eichler O, Sies H, Tronnier H, et al. Supplementation with beta-carotene or a similar amount of mixed carotenoids protects humans from UV-induced erythema. J Nutr. 2003;133:98-101.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , pp. 98-101
    • Heinrich, U.1    Gärtner, C.2    Wiebusch, M.3    Eichler, O.4    Sies, H.5    Tronnier, H.6
  • 211
    • 0023864102 scopus 로고
    • Do oral carotenoids protect human skin against ultraviolet ery-thema, psoralen phototoxicity, and ultraviolet-induced DNA damage?
    • Wolf C, Steiner A, Hönigsmann H. Do oral carotenoids protect human skin against ultraviolet ery-thema, psoralen phototoxicity, and ultraviolet-induced DNA damage? J Invest Dermatol. 1988;90:55-7.
    • (1988) J Invest Dermatol , vol.90 , pp. 55-57
    • Wolf, C.1    Steiner, A.2    Hönigsmann, H.3
  • 212
  • 213
    • 0034175978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin
    • Lorenz RT, Cysewski GR. Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin. Trends Biotechnol. 2000;18:160-7.
    • (2000) Trends Biotechnol , vol.18 , pp. 160-167
    • Lorenz, R.T.1    Cysewski, G.R.2
  • 215
    • 0036804672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulatory effects of an algal extract containing astaxanthin on UVA-irradiated cells in culture
    • Lyons NM, O'Brien NM. Modulatory effects of an algal extract containing astaxanthin on UVA-irradiated cells in culture. J Dermatol Sci. 2002;30:73-84.
    • (2002) J Dermatol Sci , vol.30 , pp. 73-84
    • Lyons, N.M.1    O'brien, N.M.2
  • 216
    • 64549119187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin, canthaxan-thin and beta-carotene differently affect UVA-induced oxidative damage and expression of oxidative stress-responsive enzymes
    • Camera E, Mastrofrancesco A, Fabbri C, Daubrawa F, Picardo M, Sies H, et al. Astaxanthin, canthaxan-thin and beta-carotene differently affect UVA-induced oxidative damage and expression of oxidative stress-responsive enzymes. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18:222-31.
    • (2009) Exp Dermatol , vol.18 , pp. 222-231
    • Camera, E.1    Mastrofrancesco, A.2    Fabbri, C.3    Daubrawa, F.4    Picardo, M.5    Sies, H.6
  • 217
    • 77952243105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astaxanthin attenuates the UVAinduced up-regula-tion of matrix-metalloproteinase-1 and skin fibroblast elastase in human dermal fibroblasts
    • Suganuma K, Nakajima H, Ohtsuki M, Imokawa G. Astaxanthin attenuates the UVAinduced up-regula-tion of matrix-metalloproteinase-1 and skin fibroblast elastase in human dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci. 2010;58:136-42.
    • (2010) J Dermatol Sci , vol.58 , pp. 136-142
    • Suganuma, K.1    Nakajima, H.2    Ohtsuki, M.3    Imokawa, G.4
  • 219
    • 1442299037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary lutein reduces ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression
    • Lee EH, Faulhaber D, Hanson KM, Ding W, Peters S, Kodali S, et al. Dietary lutein reduces ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122:510-7.
    • (2004) J Invest Dermatol , vol.122 , pp. 510-517
    • Lee, E.H.1    Faulhaber, D.2    Hanson, K.M.3    Ding, W.4    Peters, S.5    Kodali, S.6
  • 220
    • 34347261357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial longterm effects of combined oral/topical antioxidant treatment with the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin on human skin: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Palombo P, Fabrizi G, Ruocco V, Ruocco E, Fluhr J, Roberts R, et al. Beneficial longterm effects of combined oral/topical antioxidant treatment with the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin on human skin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;20:199-210.
    • (2007) Skin Pharmacol Physiol , vol.20 , pp. 199-210
    • Palombo, P.1    Fabrizi, G.2    Ruocco, V.3    Ruocco, E.4    Fluhr, J.5    Roberts, R.6
  • 222
    • 0033863355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake and bioavail-ability of polyphenols
    • Scalbert A, Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavail-ability of polyphenols. J Nutr. 2000;130:2073S-85S.
    • (2000) J Nutr , vol.130
    • Scalbert, A.1    Williamson, G.2
  • 224
    • 77449147298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin photoprotection by natural polyphenols: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms
    • Nichols JA, Katiyar SK. Skin photoprotection by natural polyphenols: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms. Arch Dermatol Res. 2010;302:71-83.
    • (2010) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.302 , pp. 71-83
    • Nichols, J.A.1    Katiyar, S.K.2
  • 225
    • 13844298231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: Direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not?
    • Halliwell B, Rafter J, Jenner A. Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:268S-76S.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.81
    • Halliwell, B.1    Rafter, J.2    Jenner, A.3
  • 227
    • 13844297030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of carcinogenesis by polyphenols: Evidence from laboratory investigations
    • Lambert JD, Hong J, Yang GY, Liao J, Yang CS. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by polyphenols: evidence from laboratory investigations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:284S-291S.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.81
    • Lambert, J.D.1    Hong, J.2    Yang, G.Y.3    Liao, J.4    Yang, C.S.5
  • 228
    • 59749087078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral epigallocatechin gallate supplementation on the minimal eruthema dose and UV-induced skin damage
    • Jeon HY, Kim JK, Kim WG, Lee SJ. Effects of oral epigallocatechin gallate supplementation on the minimal eruthema dose and UV-induced skin damage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2009;22:137-41.
    • (2009) Skin Pharmacol Physiol , vol.22 , pp. 137-141
    • Jeon, H.Y.1    Kim, J.K.2    Kim, W.G.3    Lee, S.J.4
  • 229
    • 0242610803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoflavone genistein: Photoprotection and clinical implications in dermatology
    • Wei H, Saladi R, Lu Y, Wang Y, Palep SR, Moore J, et al. Isoflavone genistein: photoprotection and clinical implications in dermatology. J Nutr. 2003;133:3811S-3819S.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133
    • Wei, H.1    Saladi, R.2    Lu, Y.3    Wang, Y.4    Palep, S.R.5    Moore, J.6
  • 230
    • 0034706914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effect of flavonol quercetin against ultraviolet A induced oxidative stress in rats
    • Erden Inal M, Kahraman A. The protective effect of flavonol quercetin against ultraviolet A induced oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology. 2000;154:21-9.
    • (2000) Toxicology , vol.154 , pp. 21-29
    • Erden Inal, M.1    Kahraman, A.2
  • 231
    • 0034786713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects os quercetin on oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet A
    • Erden Inal M, Kahraman A, Köken T. Beneficial effects os quercetin on oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet A. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26:536-9.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.26 , pp. 536-539
    • Erden Inal, M.1    Kahraman, A.2    Köken, T.3
  • 232
    • 0035863274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • . Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract
    • Saliou C, Rimbach G, Moini H, McLaughlin L, Hosseini S, Lee J, et al. solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;30:154-60.
    • (2001) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.30 , pp. 154-160
    • Saliou, C.1    Rimbach, G.2    Moini, H.3    McLaughlin, L.4    Hosseini, S.5    Lee, J.6
  • 233
    • 84985161098 scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in man and animals
    • Fuller R. Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacteriol. 1989;66:365-78.
    • (1989) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.66 , pp. 365-378
    • Fuller, R.1
  • 234
    • 33845256050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with oral probiotic bac-teria maintains cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure
    • Guéniche A, Benyacoub J, Buetler TM, Smola H, Blum S. Supplementation with oral probiotic bac-teria maintains cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure. Eur J Dermatol. 2006;16:511-7.
    • (2006) Eur J Dermatol , vol.16 , pp. 511-517
    • Guéniche, A.1    Benyacoub, J.2    Buetler, T.M.3    Smola, H.4    Blum, S.5
  • 235
    • 52649152633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with oral probiotic bacteria protects human cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure-double blind, randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
    • Peguet-Navarro J, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Buetler T, Leclaire J, Smola H, Blum S, et al. Supplementation with oral probiotic bacteria protects human cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure-double blind, randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18:504-11.
    • (2008) Eur J Dermatol , vol.18 , pp. 504-511
    • Peguet-Navarro, J.1    Dezutter-Dambuyant, C.2    Buetler, T.3    Leclaire, J.4    Smola, H.5    Blum, S.6
  • 238
    • 0036381471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection of UV-irradiated human skin: An antioxidative combination of vitamins E and C, carotenoids, selenium and proanthocyanidins
    • Greul AK, Grundmann JU, Heinrich F, Pfitzner I, Bernhardt J, Ambach A, et al. Photoprotection of UV-irradiated human skin: an antioxidative combination of vitamins E and C, carotenoids, selenium and proanthocyanidins. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002;15:307-15.
    • (2002) . Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol , vol.15 , pp. 307-315
    • Greul, A.K.1    Grundmann, J.U.2    Heinrich, F.3    Pfitzner, I.4    Bernhardt, J.5    Ambach, A.6
  • 239
    • 34548457297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-wrinkling effects of the mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E, pycnogenol and evening primrose oil, and molecular mechanisms on hairless mouse skin caused by chronic ultraviolet B irradiation
    • Cho HS, Lee MH, Lee JW, No KO, Park SK, Lee HS, et al. Anti-wrinkling effects of the mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E, pycnogenol and evening primrose oil, and molecular mechanisms on hairless mouse skin caused by chronic ultraviolet B irradiation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2007;23:155-62.
    • (2007) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.23 , pp. 155-162
    • Cho, H.S.1    Lee, M.H.2    Lee, J.W.3    No, K.O.4    Park, S.K.5    Lee, H.S.6
  • 240
    • 53649083192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging skin and food supplements: The myth and the truth
    • Rona C, Berardesca E. Aging skin and food supplements: the myth and the truth. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:641-647.
    • (2008) Clin Dermatol , vol.26 , pp. 641-647
    • Rona, C.1    Berardesca, E.2
  • 241
    • 0028867497 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fish oil reduces basal and ultraviolet B-generated PGE2 levels in skin and increases the threshold to provocation of polymorphic light eruption
    • Rhodes LE, Durham BH, Fraser WD, Friedmann PS. Dietary fish oil reduces basal and ultraviolet B-generated PGE2 levels in skin and increases the threshold to provocation of polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol. 1995;105:532-5.
    • (1995) J Invest Dermatol , vol.105 , pp. 532-535
    • Rhodes, L.E.1    Durham, B.H.2    Fraser, W.D.3    Friedmann, P.S.4
  • 242
    • 0029808330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, erythema and skin photosemsitization by Polipodium leucotomos
    • Gonzalez S, Pathak MA. Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, erythema and skin photosemsitization by Polipodium leucotomos. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1996;12:45-56.
    • (1996) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.12 , pp. 45-56
    • Gonzalez, S.1    Pathak, M.A.2
  • 243
    • 0030873959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical or oral administration with an extract of Polypodium leucomotos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic reactions as weel as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin
    • Gonzales S, Pathak MA, Cuevas J, Villarrubia VG, Fitzpatrick TB. Topical or oral administration with an extract of Polypodium leucomotos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic reactions as weel as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1997; 13:50-60.
    • (1997) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.13 , pp. 50-60
    • Gonzales, S.1    Pathak, M.A.2    Cuevas, J.3    Villarrubia, V.G.4    Fitzpatrick, T.B.5
  • 244
    • 84055211853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fernblock, a nutriceutical with photoprotective properties and potential preventive agent for skin photoaging and photoinduced skin cancers
    • Gonzalez S, Gilaberte Y, Philips N, Juarranz A. Fernblock, a nutriceutical with photoprotective properties and potential preventive agent for skin photoaging and photoinduced skin cancers. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12:8466-75.
    • (2011) Int J Mol Sci , vol.12 , pp. 8466-8475
    • Gonzalez, S.1    Gilaberte, Y.2    Philips, N.3    Juarranz, A.4
  • 246
    • 0346373792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orally administered Polypodium leucomotos extract decreases psoralen-UVA-induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin
    • Middelkamp-Hup MA, Pathak MA, Parrado C, Garcia-Caballero T, Rius Díaz F, Fitzpatrick T, et al. Orally administered Polypodium leucomotos extract decreases psoralen-UVA-induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:41-9.
    • (2004) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.50 , pp. 41-49
    • Middelkamp-Hup, M.A.1    Pathak, M.A.2    Parrado, C.3    Garcia-Caballero, T.4    Rius, D.F.5    Fitzpatrick, T.6
  • 250
    • 79959787131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral polypodium leucotomos extract photoprotective activity in 57 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses
    • Caccialanza M, Recalcati S, Piccinno R. Oral polypodium leucotomos extract photoprotective activity in 57 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2011;146:85-7.
    • (2011) G Ital Dermatol Venereol , vol.146 , pp. 85-87
    • Caccialanza, M.1    Recalcati, S.2    Piccinno, R.3
  • 251
    • 84883162604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Polypodium leucotomos Extract as an Adjunct to Sunscreen in the Treatment of Melasma
    • Ahmed AM, Lopez I, Perese F, Vasquez R, Hynan LS, Chong B, Pandya AG. A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Polypodium leucotomos Extract as an Adjunct to Sunscreen in the Treatment of Melasma. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:981-3.
    • (2013) JAMA Dermatol , vol.149 , pp. 981-983
    • Ahmed, A.M.1    Lopez, I.2    Perese, F.3    Vasquez, R.4    Hynan, L.S.5    Chong, B.6    Pandya, A.7
  • 253
    • 70149109362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light
    • Williams S, Tamburic S, Lally C. Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8:169-73.
    • (2009) J Cosmet Dermatol , vol.8 , pp. 169-173
    • Williams, S.1    Tamburic, S.2    Lally, C.3
  • 255
    • 67449133591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-B and caffeine: Inhibiting the DNA damage response to protect against the adverse effects of UV-B
    • Kerzendorfer C, O'Driscoll M. UV-B and caffeine: inhibiting the DNA damage response to protect against the adverse effects of UV-B. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129:1611-3.
    • (2009) J Invest Dermatol , vol.129 , pp. 1611-1613
    • Kerzendorfer, C.1    O'driscoll, M.2
  • 256
    • 0020034346 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the erythema response to ultraviolet light by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents
    • Edwards EK, Horwitz SN, Frost P. Reduction of the erythema response to ultraviolet light by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Arch Dermatol Res. 1982;272:263-7.
    • (1982) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.272 , pp. 263-267
    • Edwards, E.K.1    Horwitz, S.N.2    Frost, P.3
  • 258
    • 58349109469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue in erytropoietic protoporphyria
    • Harms J, Lautenschlager S, Minder C, Minder E. An Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue in erytropoietic protoporphyria. N Eng J Med. 2009;360:306-7.
    • (2009) N Eng J Med , vol.360 , pp. 306-307
    • Harms, J.1    Lautenschlager, S.2    Minder, C.3    Minder, E.4
  • 260
    • 0038047715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection by clothing
    • Morison WL. Photoprotection by clothing. Dermatol Ther. 2003:16:16-22.
    • (2003) Dermatol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 16-22
    • Morison, W.L.1
  • 263
    • 76149110445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection: A review of the current and future technologies
    • Wang SQ, Balagula Y, Osterwalder U. Photoprotection: a review of the current and future technologies. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23:31-47.
    • (2010) Dermatol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 31-47
    • Wang, S.Q.1    Balagula, Y.2    Osterwalder, U.3
  • 264
    • 84864282830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interest of external photoprotection by means of clothing and sunscreen products in young children
    • Ghazi S, Couteau C, Paparis E, Coiffard LJM. Interest of external photoprotection by means of clothing and sunscreen products in young children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26:1026-30.
    • (2012) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.26 , pp. 1026-1030
    • Ghazi, S.1    Couteau, C.2    Paparis, E.3    Coiffard, L.4
  • 265
    • 84864304688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical photoprotection in childhood and adolescence
    • Criado P, Melo J, Oliveira Z N. Topical photoprotection in childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr. 2012;88:203-10.
    • (2012) J Pediatr , vol.88 , pp. 203-210
    • Criado, P.1    Melo, J.2    Oliveira, Z.N.3
  • 266
    • 15744397542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Sunscreen and Clothing the Nunber of Melanocitic Nevi in 1812 germa Children Attendin Day
    • Bauer J, Büttner P, Wiecker TS, Luther H, Garbe C. Effect of Sunscreen and Clothing the Nunber of Melanocitic Nevi in 1812 germa Children Attendin Day. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161:620-7.
    • (2005) Am J Epidemiol , vol.161 , pp. 620-627
    • Bauer, J.1    Büttner, P.2    Wiecker, T.S.3    Luther, H.4    Garbe, C.5
  • 268
    • 78649323958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-induced skin cancer at workplace and evidence-based prevention
    • Kütting B, Drexler H. UV-induced skin cancer at workplace and evidence-based prevention. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010;83:843-54.
    • (2010) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.83 , pp. 843-854
    • Kütting, B.1    Drexler, H.2
  • 269
    • 80052258927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is occupational solar ultraviolet irradiation a relevant risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological literature
    • Bauer A, Diepgen TL, Schmitt J. Is occupational solar ultraviolet irradiation a relevant risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological literature. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:612-25.
    • (2011) Br J Dermatol , vol.165 , pp. 612-625
    • Bauer, A.1    Diepgen, T.L.2    Schmitt, J.3
  • 270
    • 0031828453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun-protective clothing
    • Adam J. Sun-protective clothing. J Cutan Med Surg. 1998;3:50-3.
    • (1998) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.3 , pp. 50-53
    • Adam, J.1
  • 271
    • 85045071173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fotoproteção e exercício físico
    • Purim K, Leite N. Fotoproteção e exercício físico. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2010;16-3.
    • (2010) Rev Bras Med Esporte , pp. 16-23
    • Purim, K.1    Leite, N.2
  • 272
    • 0026399088 scopus 로고
    • In vitro determination of sun protection factor (SPF) of solar moderators
    • Alves LM, Aegerter MA, Hata K. In vitro determination of sun protection factor (SPF) of solar moderators. An Bras Dermatol. 1991;66:313-9.
    • (1991) An Bras Dermatol , vol.66 , pp. 313-319
    • Alves, L.M.1    Aegerter, M.A.2    Hata, K.3
  • 273
    • 0004884961 scopus 로고
    • Determination of sun protecting factor in human beings and by spectrophotometry: Comparison between of the two methods
    • Mansur JS, Breder MNR, Mansur MCA, Azulay RD. Determination of sun protecting factor in human beings and by spectrophotometry: comparison between of the two methods. An Bras Dermatol. 1986;61:167-72.
    • (1986) An Bras Dermatol , vol.61 , pp. 167-172
    • Mansur, J.S.1    Breder, M.2    Mansur, M.3    Azulay, R.D.4
  • 274
    • 80053942471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteção à radiação ultravioleta: Recursos disponíveis na atualidade em fotoproteção
    • Balogh TS, Velasco MVA, Pedriali CA, Kaneko TM, Baby AR. Proteção à radiação ultravioleta: recursos disponíveis na atualidade em fotoproteção. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86:732-42.
    • (2011) An Bras Dermatol , vol.86 , pp. 732-742
    • Balogh, T.S.1    Velasco, M.2    Pedriali, C.A.3    Kaneko, T.M.4    Baby, A.R.5
  • 275
    • 0003568421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian/New Zealand Standard®, AS/NZS 4399:1996
    • Australian/New Zealand Standard® [Internet]. AS/NZS 4399:1996. Sun protective clothing-Evaluation and classification. [cited 2014 Oct 30]. Available from: http://www.saiglobal.com/pdftemp/previews/osh/as/as4000/4300/4399.pdf
    • Sun Protective Clothing-Evaluation and Classification
  • 276
    • 84879804449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the ultraviolet radiation protectio by polyester-cotton blended woven fabrics using nonlinear regression and artificial neural network models
    • Hatua P, Majumdar A, Das A. Predicting the ultraviolet radiation protectio by polyester-cotton blended woven fabrics using nonlinear regression and artificial neural network models. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2013;29:182-9.
    • (2013) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.29 , pp. 182-189
    • Hatua, P.1    Majumdar, A.2    Das, A.3
  • 277
    • 28444448439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garments as solar ultraviolet radiation screening materials
    • Hatch KL, Osterwalder U. Garments as solar ultraviolet radiation screening materials. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24:85-100.
    • (2006) Dermatol Clin , vol.24 , pp. 85-100
    • Hatch, K.L.1    Osterwalder, U.2
  • 279
    • 33646112165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection by window glass, automobile glass, and sunglasses
    • Tuchinda C, Srivannaboon S, Lim H W. Photoprotection by window glass, automobile glass, and sunglasses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:845-54.
    • (2006) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , pp. 845-854
    • Tuchinda, C.1    Srivannaboon, S.2    Lim, H.W.3
  • 280
    • 0038546407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunglasses and sunglass standards
    • Dain SJ. Sunglasses and sunglass standards. Clin Exp Optom. 2003;86:77-90.
    • (2003) Clin Exp Optom , vol.86 , pp. 77-90
    • Dain, S.J.1
  • 281
    • 11844304941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing the ultraviolet protection provided by shade structures
    • Turnbull DJ, Parisi AV. Increasing the ultraviolet protection provided by shade structures. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2005;78:61-7.
    • (2005) J Photochem Photobiol B , vol.78 , pp. 61-67
    • Turnbull, D.J.1    Parisi, A.V.2
  • 283
    • 67650992062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysus of compact fluorescent lights for use by patients with phtosensitive conditions
    • Kein RS, Werth VP, Dowdy JC, Sayre RM. Analysus of compact fluorescent lights for use by patients with phtosensitive conditions. Photochem Photobiol. 2009; 85:1004-10.
    • (2009) Photochem Photobiol , vol.85 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Kein, R.S.1    Werth, V.P.2    Dowdy, J.C.3    Sayre, R.M.4
  • 284
    • 0033047193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation penetrating vehicle glass: A field based comparative study
    • Kimlin MG, Parisi AV. Ultraviolet radiation penetrating vehicle glass: a field based comparative study. Phys Med Biol 1999; 44: 917-926.
    • (1999) Phys Med Biol , vol.44 , pp. 917-926
    • Kimlin, M.G.1    Parisi, A.V.2
  • 285
    • 67651049689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of glass as a barrier against the transmission of ultraviolet radiation: An experimental study
    • Duarte I, Rotter A, Malvestiti A, Silva M. The role of glass as a barrier against the transmission of ultraviolet radiation: an experimental study. Photodermatol Photoimmunil Photomed. 2009;25:181-4.
    • (2009) Photodermatol Photoimmunil Photomed , vol.25 , pp. 181-184
    • Duarte, I.1    Rotter, A.2    Malvestiti, A.3    Silva, M.4
  • 286
    • 84901640154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection: Clothing and glass
    • Almutawa F, Buabbas H. Photoprotection: clothing and glass. Dermatol Clin. 2014;32:439-48.
    • (2014) Dermatol Clin , vol.32 , pp. 439-448
    • Almutawa, F.1    Buabbas, H.2
  • 287
    • 0036859143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estudo do efeito da quantidade de óxido de ferro em cinzas pesadas de carvão mineral na obtenção de vitrocerâmicos
    • Kniess CT, Kuhnen NC, Riella HG. Estudo do efeito da quantidade de óxido de ferro em cinzas pesadas de carvão mineral na obtenção de vitrocerâmicos. Quim Nova. 2002;25:926-30.
    • (2002) Quim Nova , vol.25 , pp. 926-930
    • Kniess, C.T.1    Kuhnen, N.C.2    Riella, H.G.3
  • 288
    • 84863003051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients
    • Jou PC, Feldman RJ, Tomecki KJ. UV protection and sunscreens: what to tell patients. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012;79:427-36.
    • (2012) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.79 , pp. 427-436
    • Jou, P.C.1    Feldman, R.J.2    Tomecki, K.J.3
  • 290
    • 0028997258 scopus 로고
    • Sunscreens: Practical applications
    • Giacomoni PU, Häder DP, Jori G, editores
    • Orentreich D, Leone AS, Arpino G, Burack H. Sunscreens: practical applications. In: Giacomoni PU, Häder DP, Jori G, editores. Ribaya-Mercado JD, Garmyn M, Gilchrest BA, Russell RM. Skin lycopene is destroyed preferentially over beta-carotene during ul-traviolet irradiation in humans. J Nutr. 1995;125:1854-9.
    • (1995) J Nutr , vol.125 , pp. 1854-1859
    • Orentreich, D.1    Leone, A.S.2    Arpino, G.3    Burack, H.4    Ribaya-Mercado, J.D.5    Garmyn, M.6    Gilchrest, B.A.7    Russell, R.M.8
  • 291
    • 84862060194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection, melasma and quality of life in pregnant women
    • Purim KS, Avelar MF. [Photoprotection, melasma and quality of life in pregnant women]. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2012;34:228-34.
    • (2012) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet , vol.34 , pp. 228-234
    • Purim, K.S.1    Avelar, M.F.2
  • 292
    • 58149280071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of melasma and its association with quality of life in adult male Latino migrant workers
    • Pichardo R, Vallejos Q, Feldman SR, Schulz MR, Verma A, Quandt SA, et al. The prevalence of melasma and its association with quality of life in adult male Latino migrant workers. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48:22-6.
    • (2009) Int J Dermatol , vol.48 , pp. 22-26
    • Pichardo, R.1    Vallejos, Q.2    Feldman, S.R.3    Schulz, M.R.4    Verma, A.5    Quandt, S.A.6
  • 293
    • 78149421740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterações fisiológicas da pele percebidas por gestantes assistidas em serviços públicos de saúde
    • Urasaki MBM. Alterações fisiológicas da pele percebidas por gestantes assistidas em serviços públicos de saúde. Acta Paul Enferm. 2010;23:519-25.
    • (2010) Acta Paul Enferm , vol.23 , pp. 519-525
    • Urasaki, M.1
  • 294
    • 0023064152 scopus 로고
    • Melasma in pregnancy: Reduction of its appearance with the use of a broad-spectrum photoprotective agent
    • Abarca J, Odilla Arrollo C, Blanch S, Arellano G. [Melasma in pregnancy: reduction of its appearance with the use of a broad-spectrum photoprotective agent]. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1987;15:199-203.
    • (1987) Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am , vol.15 , pp. 199-203
    • Abarca, J.1    Odilla Arrollo, C.2    Blanch, S.3    Arellano, G.4
  • 296
  • 297
    • 84861671086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NanoTIO(2) (UV-Titan) does not induce ESTR mutations in the germline of prenatally exposed female mice
    • Boisen AM, Shipley T, Jackson P, Hougaard KS, Wallin H, Yauk CL, et al. NanoTIO(2) (UV-Titan) does not induce ESTR mutations in the germline of prenatally exposed female mice. Part FibreToxicol. 2012;9:19.
    • (2012) Part Fibretoxicol , vol.9
    • Boisen, A.M.1    Shipley, T.2    Jackson, P.3    Hougaard, K.S.4    Wallin, H.5    Yauk, C.L.6
  • 299
    • 84870871761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fetal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle on brain development-brain region information
    • Umezawa M, Tainaka H, Kawashima N, Shimizu M, Takeda K. Effect of fetal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle on brain development-brain region information. J Toxicol Sci. 2012;37:1247-52.
    • (2012) J Toxicol Sci , vol.37 , pp. 1247-1252
    • Umezawa, M.1    Tainaka, H.2    Kawashima, N.3    Shimizu, M.4    Takeda, K.5
  • 300
    • 0022595988 scopus 로고
    • Risk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use
    • Stern RS, Weinstein MC, Baker SG. Risk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use. Archives of dermatology. 1986;122(5):537-45.
    • (1986) Archives of Dermatology , vol.122 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-545
    • Stern, R.S.1    Weinstein, M.C.2    Baker, S.G.3
  • 301
    • 0037256188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun protection education in the United States: What we know and what needs to be taught
    • Wesson KM, Silverberg NB. Sun protection education in the United States: what we know and what needs to be taught. Cutis. 2003;71:71-4,77.
    • (2003) Cutis , vol.71
    • Wesson, K.M.1    Silverberg, N.B.2
  • 302
    • 84873806990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current principles of sunscreen use in children
    • Quatrano NA, Dinulos JG. Current principles of sunscreen use in children. Cur Opin Pediatr. 2013;25:122-9.
    • (2013) Cur Opin Pediatr , vol.25 , pp. 122-129
    • Quatrano, N.A.1    Dinulos, J.G.2
  • 304
    • 0033982378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of childhood and adolescent ultraviolet exposures on cumulative exposure in South East Queensland schools
    • Parisi AV, Meldrum LR, Wong JC, Aitken J, Fleming RA. Effect of childhood and adolescent ultraviolet exposures on cumulative exposure in South East Queensland schools. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000;16:19-24.
    • (2000) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.16 , pp. 19-24
    • Parisi, A.V.1    Meldrum, L.R.2    Wong, J.C.3    Aitken, J.4    Fleming, R.A.5
  • 308
    • 79952233112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council on Environmental Health; Section on Dermatology. Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents
    • Balk SJ, Council on Environmental Health; Section on Dermatology. Ultraviolet Radiation: a Hazard to Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;127:e791-e817.
    • (2011) Pediatrics , vol.127
    • Balk, S.J.1
  • 309
    • 84940431746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HealthyChildren.org/American Academy of Pediatrics
    • HealthyChildren.org/American Academy of Pediatrics [Internet]. Sun Safety: Information for Parents About Sunburn & Sunscreen, 2014. [cited 2014 Oct 30]. Available from: http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/atplay/Pages/Sun-Safety.aspx
    • (2014) Sun Safety: Information for Parents about Sunburn & Sunscreen
  • 310
    • 84940396411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Dermatology
    • American Academy of Dermatology [Internet]. Stats and facts-Prevention and care: Sunscreens 2013. [cited 2014 Oct 30]. Available from: http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreens
    • (2013) Stats and Facts-Prevention and Care: Sunscreens
  • 311
    • 0026902091 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric sun protection factor on clear days: Its observed dependence on solar zenith angle and its relevance to the shadow rule for sun protection
    • Holloway L. Atmospheric sun protection factor on clear days: its observed dependence on solar zenith angle and its relevance to the shadow rule for sun protection. Photochem photobiol. 1992;56:229-34.
    • (1992) Photochem Photobiol , vol.56 , pp. 229-234
    • Holloway, L.1
  • 312
    • 84940431747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. ANVISA/MS. Resolução
    • Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. ANVISA/MS. Resolução nº 56, de 9 de novembro de 2009.
    • (2009) , Issue.56
  • 313
    • 0028580577 scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer in African Americans
    • Halder RM, Bridgeman-Shah S. Skin cancer in African Americans. Cancer. 1995;75(2 Suppl):667-73.
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 667-673
    • Halder, R.M.1    Bridgeman-Shah, S.2
  • 315
    • 84873334548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer in skin of color: An update on current facts, trends, and misconceptions
    • Battie C, Gohara M, Verschoore M, Roberts W. Skin cancer in skin of color: an update on current facts, trends, and misconceptions. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12:194-8.
    • (2013) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.12 , pp. 194-198
    • Battie, C.1    Gohara, M.2    Verschoore, M.3    Roberts, W.4
  • 316
    • 70349786636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer in skin of color
    • quiz 178
    • Bradford PT. Skin cancer in skin of color. Dermatol Nurs. 2009;21:170-7, 206; quiz 178
    • (2009) Dermatol Nurs , vol.21 , pp. 170-177
    • Bradford, P.T.1
  • 317
    • 79960572915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Need for more education for latinos regarding sun-safe behaviors
    • Dominguez AR, Pandya A. Need for more education for latinos regarding sun-safe behaviors. Arch Dermatol 2011;147:820.
    • (2011) Arch Dermatol , vol.147
    • Dominguez, A.R.1    Pandya, A.2
  • 320
  • 321
    • 38949145280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outdoor sports and skin cancer
    • Moehrle M. Outdoor sports and skin cancer. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:12-5.
    • (2008) Clin Dermatol , vol.26 , pp. 12-15
    • Moehrle, M.1
  • 323
    • 84868303964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen use in NCAA collegiate athletes: Identifying targets for intervention and barriers to use
    • Wysong A, Gladstone H, Kim D, Lingala B, Copeland J, Tang JY. Sunscreen use in NCAA collegiate athletes: identifying targets for intervention and barriers to use. Prev Med. 2012;55:493-6.
    • (2012) Prev Med , vol.55 , pp. 493-496
    • Wysong, A.1    Gladstone, H.2    Kim, D.3    Lingala, B.4    Copeland, J.5    Tang, J.Y.6
  • 326
    • 0017129048 scopus 로고
    • Possible dosimeter for ultraviolet radiation
    • Davis A, Deane GH, Diffey BL. Possible dosimeter for ultraviolet radiation. Nature. 1976;261(5556):169-70.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.261 , Issue.5556 , pp. 169-170
    • Davis, A.1    Deane, G.H.2    Diffey, B.L.3
  • 328
    • 26244451570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miniature personal electronic UVR dosimeter with erythema response and time-stamped readings in a wristwatch
    • Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. Miniature personal electronic UVR dosimeter with erythema response and time-stamped readings in a wristwatch. Photochem Photobiol. 2005;81:1138-44.
    • (2005) Photochem Photobiol , vol.81 , pp. 1138-1144
    • Heydenreich, J.1    Wulf, H.C.2
  • 329
    • 84940431748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scienterra Limited
    • Scienterra Limited [Internet]. UV Dosimeter 2013. [cited 2014 Oct 30]. Available from: http://scienterra.com/#/home/4567276438/UV-Dosimeter/3113961.
    • UV Dosimeter 2013
  • 330
    • 0009182520 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the treatment of melasma
    • Vázquez M, Sánchez JL. The efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the treatment of melasma. Cutis. 1983;32:92, 95-6.
    • (1983) Cutis , vol.32 , Issue.92 , pp. 95-96
    • Vázquez, M.1    Sánchez, J.L.2
  • 331
    • 66749115980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latin American Pigmentary Disorders Academy. Melasma in Latin America: Options for therapy and treatment algorithm
    • Cestari T, Arellano I, Hexsel D, Ortonne JP; Latin American Pigmentary Disorders Academy. Melasma in Latin America: options for therapy and treatment algorithm. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23:760-72.
    • (2009) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.23 , pp. 760-772
    • Cestari, T.1    Arellano, I.2    Hexsel, D.3    Ortonne, J.P.4
  • 332
    • 84863720343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the treatment of melasma: A review of the recent literature
    • Ball Arefiev KL, Hantash BM. Advances in the treatment of melasma: a review of the recent literature. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(7 Pt 1):971-84.
    • (2012) Dermatol Surg , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 971-984
    • Ball Arefiev, K.L.1    Hantash, B.M.2
  • 334
    • 80052786607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melasma: A comprehensive update: Part II
    • quiz 715
    • Sheth VM, Pandya AG. Melasma: a comprehensive update: part II. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:699-714; quiz 715
    • (2011) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.65 , pp. 699-714
    • Sheth, V.M.1    Pandya, A.G.2
  • 335
    • 0036743446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol
    • Ni Z, Mu Y, Gulati O. Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2002;16:567-71.
    • (2002) Phytother Res , vol.16 , pp. 567-571
    • Ni, Z.1    Mu, Y.2    Gulati, O.3
  • 337
    • 0347478086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of a 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in the treatment of melasma
    • Guevara IL, Pandya AG. Safety and efficacy of a 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in the treatment of melasma. Int J Dermatol. 2003;42:966-72.
    • (2003) Int J Dermatol , vol.42 , pp. 966-972
    • Guevara, I.L.1    Pandya, A.G.2
  • 338
    • 33748904829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun protection strength of a hydroquinone 4%/retinol 0.3% preparationn containing sunscreens
    • Stanfield JW, Feldman SR, Levitt J. Sun protection strength of a hydroquinone 4%/retinol 0.3% preparationn containing sunscreens. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:321-4.
    • (2006) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.5 , pp. 321-324
    • Stanfield, J.W.1    Feldman, S.R.2    Levitt, J.3
  • 342
    • 2442567707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of solar exposure and sun-protection behaviors among university students in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Brazil
    • Costa FB, Weber MB. Evaluation of solar exposure and sun-protection behaviors among university students in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. An Bras Dermatol. 2004;79:149-55.
    • (2004) An Bras Dermatol , vol.79 , pp. 149-155
    • Costa, F.B.1    Weber, M.B.2
  • 344
    • 33645910505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen allergy: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and responsible allergens. Dermatitis : Contact, atopic, occupational, drug : Official journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society
    • Scheuer E, Warshaw E. Sunscreen allergy: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and responsible allergens. Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug : official journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society, North American Contact Dermatitis Group. 2006;17:3-11.
    • (2006) North American Contact Dermatitis Group , vol.17 , pp. 3-11
    • Scheuer, E.1    Warshaw, E.2
  • 346
    • 77949333203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 20-year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis
    • Victor FC, Cohen DE, Soter NA. A 20-year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:605-10.
    • (2010) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.62 , pp. 605-610
    • Victor, F.C.1    Cohen, D.E.2    Soter, N.A.3
  • 348
    • 0033912390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical therapies and medications in the pediatric patient
    • Metry DW, Hebert AA. Topical therapies and medications in the pediatric patient. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000;47:867-76.
    • (2000) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.47 , pp. 867-876
    • Metry, D.W.1    Hebert, A.A.2
  • 349
    • 77949591964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosacea: A review of current topical, systemic and light-based therapies
    • Kennedy Carney C, Cantrell W, Elewski BE. Rosacea: a review of current topical, systemic and light-based therapies. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2009;144:673-88.
    • (2009) G Ital Dermatol Venereol , vol.144 , pp. 673-688
    • Kennedy Carney, C.1    Cantrell, W.2    Elewski, B.E.3
  • 350
    • 0036873549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 in treatment of rosacea
    • Tan JK, Girard C, Krol A, Murray HE, Papp KA, Poulin Y, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 in treatment of rosacea. J Cutan Med Surg. 2002;6:529-34.
    • (2002) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.6 , pp. 529-534
    • Tan, J.K.1    Girard, C.2    Krol, A.3    Murray, H.E.4    Papp, K.A.5    Poulin, Y.6
  • 351
    • 0032087405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective sunscreen ingredients and cutaneous irritation in patients with rosacea
    • Nichols K, Desai N, Lebwohl MG. Effective sunscreen ingredients and cutaneous irritation in patients with rosacea. Cutis. 1998;61:344-6.
    • (1998) Cutis , vol.61 , pp. 344-346
    • Nichols, K.1    Desai, N.2    Lebwohl, M.G.3
  • 352
    • 18044376625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inconsistency in sun protection factor (SPF) index in Mexico. The case of sunscreens for oily skin
    • Castanedo-Cazares JP, Torres-Alvarez B, Briones-Estevis S, Moncada B. [Inconsistency in sun protection factor (SPF) index in Mexico. The case of sunscreens for oily skin]. Gac Med Mex. 2005;141:111-4.
    • (2005) Gac Med Mex , vol.141 , pp. 111-114
    • Castanedo-Cazares, J.P.1    Torres-Alvarez, B.2    Briones-Estevis, S.3    Moncada, B.4
  • 353
    • 79960339419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreens for non-dermatologists: What you should know when counseling patients
    • Stechschulte SA, Kirsner RS, Federman DG. Sunscreens for non-dermatologists: what you should know when counseling patients. Postgrad Med. 2011;123:160-7.
    • (2011) Postgrad Med , vol.123 , pp. 160-167
    • Stechschulte, S.A.1    Kirsner, R.S.2    Federman, D.G.3
  • 354
    • 84872835244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with vitiligo: A survey among 1307 patients and their partners
    • Teulings HE, Overkamp M, Ceylan E, Nieuweboer-Krobotova L, Bos JD, Nijsten T, et al. Decreased risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with vitiligo: a survey among 1307 patients and their partners. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:162-71.
    • (2013) Br J Dermatol , vol.168 , pp. 162-171
    • Teulings, H.E.1    Overkamp, M.2    Ceylan, E.3    Nieuweboer-Krobotova, L.4    Bos, J.D.5    Nijsten, T.6
  • 355
    • 0033029046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actinic keratoses arising only on sunexposed vitiligo skin
    • Yashiro K, Nakagawa T, Takaiwa T, Inai M. Actinic keratoses arising only on sunexposed vitiligo skin. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999;24:199-201.
    • (1999) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.24 , pp. 199-201
    • Yashiro, K.1    Nakagawa, T.2    Takaiwa, T.3    Inai, M.4
  • 356
    • 34447632444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rational approach to the treatment of vitiligo and other hypomelanoses
    • Hercogova J, Buggiani G, Prignano F, Lotti T. A rational approach to the treatment of vitiligo and other hypomelanoses. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25:383-92
    • (2007) Dermatol Clin , vol.25 , pp. 383-392
    • Hercogova, J.1    Buggiani, G.2    Prignano, F.3    Lotti, T.4
  • 358
    • 0345600190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is androgenetic alopecia a photoaggravated dermatosis?
    • Trueb RM. Is androgenetic alopecia a photoaggravated dermatosis? Dermatology. 2003;207:343-8.
    • (2003) Dermatology , vol.207 , pp. 343-348
    • Trueb, R.M.1
  • 359
    • 28444450915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreens and hair photoprotection
    • Draelos ZD. Sunscreens and hair photoprotection. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24:81-4.
    • (2006) Dermatol Clin , vol.24 , pp. 81-84
    • Draelos, Z.D.1
  • 360
    • 1842684358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the current understanding of the effect of ultraviolet and visible radiation on hair structure and options for photoprotection
    • Signori V. Review of the current understanding of the effect of ultraviolet and visible radiation on hair structure and options for photoprotection. Journal of cosmetic science. 2004;55:95-113.
    • (2004) Journal of Cosmetic Science , vol.55 , pp. 95-113
    • Signori, V.1
  • 361
    • 0037004173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV protection of artificially coloured hair using a leave-on formulation
    • Maillan P. UV protection of artificially coloured hair using a leave-on formulation. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24:117-22.
    • (2002) Int J Cosmet Sci , vol.24 , pp. 117-122
    • Maillan, P.1
  • 362
    • 77955130166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the ear: Frequency, patients' knowledge, and photoprotection practices
    • Ragi JM, Patel D, Masud A, Rao BK. Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the ear: frequency, patients' knowledge, and photoprotection practices. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36:1232-9.
    • (2010) Dermatol Surg , vol.36 , pp. 1232-1239
    • Ragi, J.M.1    Patel, D.2    Masud, A.3    Rao, B.K.4
  • 363
    • 84870156542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunctive skin care of the brow and periorbital region
    • Bucay VW, Day D. Adjunctive skin care of the brow and periorbital region. Clin Plast Surg. 2013;40:225-36.
    • (2013) Clin Plast Surg , vol.40 , pp. 225-236
    • Bucay, V.W.1    Day, D.2
  • 364
    • 33646112165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection by window glass, automobile glass, and sunglasses
    • Tuchinda C, Srivannaboon S, Lim HW. Photoprotection by window glass, automobile glass, and sunglasses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:845-54.
    • (2006) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , pp. 845-854
    • Tuchinda, C.1    Srivannaboon, S.2    Lim, H.W.3
  • 365
    • 33645968114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed use of sunglasses in public outdoor settings around Melbourne, Australia: 1993 to 2002
    • Lagerlund M, Dixon HG, Simpson JA, Spittal M, Taylor HR, Dobbinson SJ. Observed use of sunglasses in public outdoor settings around Melbourne, Australia: 1993 to 2002. Prev Med. 2006;42:291-6.
    • (2006) Prev Med , vol.42 , pp. 291-296
    • Lagerlund, M.1    Dixon, H.G.2    Simpson, J.A.3    Spittal, M.4    Taylor, H.R.5    Dobbinson, S.J.6
  • 367
    • 84875885555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and factors associated with orolabial lesions in beach workers
    • Lucena EE, Costa DC, da Silveira EJ, de Lima KC. [Prevalence and factors associated with orolabial lesions in beach workers]. Rev Saude Publica. 2012;46:1051-7.
    • (2012) Rev Saude Publica , vol.46 , pp. 1051-1057
    • Lucena, E.E.1    Costa, D.C.2    Da Silveira, E.J.3    De Lima, K.C.4
  • 368
    • 15844375196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet protective performance of photoprotective lipsticks: Change of spectral transmittance because of ultraviolet exposure
    • Maier H, Schauberger G, Martincigh BS, Brunnhofer K, Honigsmann H. Ultraviolet protective performance of photoprotective lipsticks: change of spectral transmittance because of ultraviolet exposure. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2005;21:84-92.
    • (2005) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.21 , pp. 84-92
    • Maier, H.1    Schauberger, G.2    Martincigh, B.S.3    Brunnhofer, K.4    Honigsmann, H.5
  • 369
    • 17044426748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Octyl methoxycinnamate: Two generation reproduction toxicity in Wistar rats by dietary administration
    • Schneider S, Deckardt K, Hellwig J, Kuttler K, Mellert W, Schulte S, et al. Octyl methoxycinnamate: two generation reproduction toxicity in Wistar rats by dietary administration. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43:1083-92.
    • (2005) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.43 , pp. 1083-1092
    • Schneider, S.1    Deckardt, K.2    Hellwig, J.3    Kuttler, K.4    Mellert, W.5    Schulte, S.6
  • 370
    • 79961009600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles induces dna damage in human nasal mucosa mini organ cultures
    • Hackenberg S, Zimmermann FZ, Scherzed A, Friehs G, Froelich K, Ginzkey C, et al. Repetitive exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles induces dna damage in human nasal mucosa mini organ cultures. Environ Mol Mutag. 2011;52:582-9.
    • (2011) Environ Mol Mutag , vol.52 , pp. 582-589
    • Hackenberg, S.1    Zimmermann, F.Z.2    Scherzed, A.3    Friehs, G.4    Froelich, K.5    Ginzkey, C.6
  • 372
    • 34447514029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency
    • Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266-81.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 266-281
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 373
    • 1642281100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D: Importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis
    • Holick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:362-371.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.79 , pp. 362-371
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 374
    • 0037086547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. Due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation
    • Grant WB. An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Cancer. 2002;94:1867-75.
    • (2002) Cancer , vol.94 , pp. 1867-1875
    • Grant, W.B.1
  • 375
    • 33645224419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response
    • Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science. 2006;24:1770-1773.
    • (2006) Science , vol.24 , pp. 1770-1773
    • Liu, P.T.1    Stenger, S.2    Li, H.3    Wenzel, L.4    Tan, B.H.5    Krutzik, S.R.6
  • 376
    • 0034685157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on tuberculosis among Gujarati Asians in west London: A case-control study
    • Wilkinson RJ, Llewelyn M, Toossi Z, Patel P, Pasvol G, Lalvani A, et al. Influence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on tuberculosis among Gujarati Asians in west London: a case-control study. Lancet. 2000;355:618-21.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 618-621
    • Wilkinson, R.J.1    Llewelyn, M.2    Toossi, Z.3    Patel, P.4    Pasvol, G.5    Lalvani, A.6
  • 377
    • 34748861523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D
    • Aloia JF, Li-Ng M. Re. epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect. 2007;135:1095-6.
    • (2007) Epidemiol Infect , vol.135 , pp. 1095-1096
    • Aloia, J.F.1    Li-Ng, M.2
  • 378
    • 63849098416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004
    • Ginde AA, Liu MC, Camargo CA. Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:626-32.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 626-632
    • Ginde, A.A.1    Liu, M.C.2    Camargo, C.A.3
  • 380
    • 33744928350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge resulting from positive and negative effects of sunlight: How much solar UV exposure is appropriate to balance between risks of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer?
    • Reichrath J. The challenge resulting from positive and negative effects of sunlight: how much solar UV exposure is appropriate to balance between risks of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer? Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006;92:9-16.
    • (2006) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.92 , pp. 9-16
    • Reichrath, J.1
  • 381
    • 0028898668 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D
    • Holick MF. Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:638S-645S.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.61
    • Holick, M.F.1
  • 382
    • 0024596860 scopus 로고
    • Sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 by causing its photodegredation
    • Webb AR, DeCosta BR, Holick MF. Sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 by causing its photodegredation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68:882-7.
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 882-887
    • Webb, A.R.1    Decosta, B.R.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 383
    • 33744796860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who, what, where and when-influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis
    • Webb AR. Who, what, where and when-influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006;92:17-25.
    • (2006) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.92 , pp. 17-25
    • Webb, A.R.1
  • 384
    • 84879082500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration does not correlate with atopic dermatitis severity
    • Chiu YE, Havens PL, Siegel DH, Ali O, Wang T, Holland KE, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration does not correlate with atopic dermatitis severity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69:40-6.
    • (2013) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.69 , pp. 40-46
    • Chiu, Y.E.1    Havens, P.L.2    Siegel, D.H.3    Ali, O.4    Wang, T.5    Holland, K.E.6
  • 385
    • 56749133159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of vitamin D status and definition of normal circulating range of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
    • Hollis BW. Assessment of vitamin D status and definition of normal circulating range of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2008;15:489-94.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes , vol.15 , pp. 489-494
    • Hollis, B.W.1
  • 388
    • 0032956135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety
    • Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:842-56.
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.69 , pp. 842-856
    • Vieth, R.1
  • 389
    • 0020320242 scopus 로고
    • Erythema and mel-anogenesis action spectra of normal human skin
    • Parrish JA, Jaenicke KF, Anderson RR. Erythema and mel-anogenesis action spectra of normal human skin. Photochem Photobiol. 1982;36:187-91.
    • (1982) Photochem Photobiol , vol.36 , pp. 187-191
    • Parrish, J.A.1    Jaenicke, K.F.2    Erson, R.R.3
  • 390
    • 61849105476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between erythemal and vitamin D action spectrum weighted ultraviolet radiation
    • Fioletov VE, McArthur LJ, Mathews TW, Marrett L. On the relationship between erythemal and vitamin D action spectrum weighted ultraviolet radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2009;95:9-16.
    • (2009) J Photochem Photobiol B , vol.95 , pp. 9-16
    • Fioletov, V.E.1    McArthur, L.J.2    Mathews, T.W.3    Marrett, L.4
  • 391
    • 49449089153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun exposure and vitamin D sufficiency
    • Gilchrest BA. Sun exposure and vitamin D sufficiency. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:570S-577S.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1
  • 392
    • 33644881124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation exposurepattern in winter compared with summer based on time-stamped personal dosimeter readings
    • Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. Ultraviolet radiation exposurepattern in winter compared with summer based on time-stamped personal dosimeter readings. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:133-8.
    • (2006) Br J Dermatol , vol.154 , pp. 133-138
    • Thieden, E.1    Philipsen, P.A.2    Wulf, H.C.3
  • 394
    • 0023741187 scopus 로고
    • Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin
    • Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67:373-8.
    • (1988) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.67 , pp. 373-378
    • Webb, A.R.1    Kline, L.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 395
    • 84940371275 scopus 로고
    • Holick MF, Kligman A, editors. Proceedings of the Biologic Effects of Light Symposium. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter & Co
    • Lu Z, Chen TC, Holick MF. Influence of season and time of day on the synthesis of vitamin D3. In: Holick MF, Kligman A, editors. Proceedings of the Biologic Effects of Light Symposium. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter & Co; 1992. p. 48-52.
    • (1992) Influence of Season and Time of Day on the Synthesis of Vitamin D3 , pp. 48-52
    • Lu, Z.1    Chen, T.C.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 396
    • 77649255422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceballos JC. Solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in one of the most populous cities of the world: Aspects related to skin cancer cases and vitamin D availability
    • de Paula Corrêa M, Ceballos JC. solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in one of the most populous cities of the world: aspects related to skin cancer cases and vitamin D availability. Photochem Photobiol. 2010;86:438-44.
    • (2010) Photochem Photobiol , vol.86 , pp. 438-444
    • De Paula Corrêa, M.1
  • 397
    • 0141984126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization. Global solar UV index. A practical guide. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.
    • (2002) Global Solar UV Index. A Practical Guide
  • 399
    • 33749252378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rickets in the 17th century
    • O'Riordan JL. Rickets in the 17th century. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21:1506-10.
    • (2006) J Bone Miner Res , vol.21 , pp. 1506-1510
    • O'riordan, J.L.1
  • 400
    • 0020318881 scopus 로고
    • Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin
    • MacLaughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF. Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin. Science. 1982;216:1001-3.
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 1001-1003
    • Maclaughlin, J.A.1    Erson, R.R.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 401
    • 29344471943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness
    • Engelsen O, Brustad M, Aksnes L, Lund E. Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness. Photochem Photobiol. 2005;81:1287-90.
    • (2005) Photochem Photobiol , vol.81 , pp. 1287-1290
    • Engelsen, O.1    Brustad, M.2    Aksnes, L.3    Lund, E.4
  • 402
    • 53749097460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban tropospheric ozone increases the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Belgian postmenopausal women with outdoor activities during summer
    • Manicourt DH, Devogelaer JP. Urban tropospheric ozone increases the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Belgian postmenopausal women with outdoor activities during summer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:3893-9.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 3893-3899
    • Manicourt, D.H.1    Devogelaer, J.P.2
  • 404
    • 0018703968 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of vitamin D deficiency rickets in a susceptible population
    • Bachrach S, Fisher J, Parks JS. An outbreak of vitamin D deficiency rickets in a susceptible population. Pediatrics. 1979;64:871-7.
    • (1979) Pediatrics , vol.64 , pp. 871-877
    • Bachrach, S.1    Fisher, J.2    Parks, J.S.3
  • 407
    • 1842486441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin
    • Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, editors, 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
    • Walker SL, Hawk JLM, Young AR. Acute and chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. In: Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, editors. Fitz-patrick's dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003: 1275-1282.
    • (2003) Fitz-Patrick's Dermatology in General Medicine , pp. 1275-1282
    • Walker, S.L.1    Hawk, J.2    Young, A.R.3
  • 408
    • 0020040970 scopus 로고
    • Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesize vitamin D3
    • Clemens TL, Adams JS, Henderson SL, Holick MF. Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesize vitamin D3. Lancet. 1982;1:74-6.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 74-76
    • Clemens, T.L.1    Adams, J.S.2    Henderson, S.L.3    Holick, M.F.4
  • 409
    • 0019367350 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cutaneous previtamin D3 photosynthesis in man: Skin pigment is not an essential regulator
    • Holick MF, MacLaughlin JA, Doppelt SH. Regulation of cutaneous previtamin D3 photosynthesis in man: skin pigment is not an essential regulator. Science. 1981;211:590-3.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 590-593
    • Holick, M.F.1    Maclaughlin, J.A.2    Doppelt, S.H.3
  • 410
    • 0023013970 scopus 로고
    • Indian and Pakistani immigrants have the same capacity as Caucasians to produce vitamin D in response to ultraviolet irradiation
    • Lo CW, Paris PW, Holick MF. Indian and Pakistani immigrants have the same capacity as Caucasians to produce vitamin D in response to ultraviolet irradiation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;44:683-5.
    • (1986) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 683-685
    • Lo, C.W.1    Paris, P.W.2    Holick, M.F.3
  • 411
    • 0022351148 scopus 로고
    • Aging decreases the capacity of the skin to produce vitamin D3
    • MacLaughlin J, Holick MF. Aging decreases the capacity of the skin to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest. 1985;76:1536-8.
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.76 , pp. 1536-1538
    • Maclaughlin, J.1    Holick, M.F.2
  • 413
    • 0017623532 scopus 로고
    • Season variation in serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-D in the elderly in Britain
    • Lester E, Skinner RK, Wills MR. Season variation in serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-D in the elderly in Britain. Lancet. 1977;1:979-80.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 979-980
    • Lester, E.1    Skinner, R.K.2    Wills, M.R.3
  • 414
    • 0021400053 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status of the elderly in relation to age and exposure to sunlight
    • Dattani JT, Exton-Smith AN, Stephen JM. Vitamin D status of the elderly in relation to age and exposure to sunlight. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1984;38:131-7.
    • (1984) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr , vol.38 , pp. 131-137
    • Dattani, J.T.1    Exton-Smith, A.N.2    Stephen, J.M.3
  • 415
    • 0016650517 scopus 로고
    • The influence of age and sex on skin thickness, skin collagen and density
    • Shuster S, Black MM, McVitie E. The influence of age and sex on skin thickness, skin collagen and density. Br J Dermatol. 1975;93:639-43.
    • (1975) Br J Dermatol , vol.93 , pp. 639-643
    • Shuster, S.1    Black, M.M.2    McVitie, E.3
  • 416
    • 0027487902 scopus 로고
    • Effects of skin thickness, age, body fat, and sunlight on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
    • Need AG, Morris HA, Horowitz M, Nordin C. Effects of skin thickness, age, body fat, and sunlight on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58:882-5.
    • (1993) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.58 , pp. 882-885
    • Need, A.G.1    Morris, H.A.2    Horowitz, M.3    Nordin, C.4
  • 417
    • 0025372715 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the relative contributions of exposure to sunlight and of diet to the circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an elderly nursing home population in Boston
    • Webb AR, Pilbeam C, Hanafin N, Holick MF. An evaluation of the relative contributions of exposure to sunlight and of diet to the circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an elderly nursing home population in Boston. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jun;51:1075-81.
    • (1990) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 1075-1081
    • Webb, A.R.1    Pilbeam, C.2    Hanafin, N.3    Holick, M.F.4
  • 418
    • 0030772397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin content of 7-dehydrocholesterol in patients with malabsorption
    • Paterson CR, Moody JP, Pennington CR. Skin content of 7-dehydrocholesterol in patients with malabsorption. Nutrition. 1997;13:771-3.
    • (1997) Nutrition , vol.13 , pp. 771-773
    • Paterson, C.R.1    Moody, J.P.2    Pennington, C.R.3
  • 419
    • 0025755375 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pravastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on vitamin D synthesis in man
    • Dobs AS, Levine MA, Margolis S. Effects of pravastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on vitamin D synthesis in man. Metabolism. 1991;40:524-8.
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 524-528
    • Dobs, A.S.1    Levine, M.A.2    Margolis, S.3
  • 420
    • 77954768612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin does not affect vitamin D status, but low vitamin D levels are associated with dyslipidemia: Results from a randomized, controlled trial
    • Rejnmark L, Vestergaard P, Heickendorff L, Mosekilde L. Simvastatin does not affect vitamin D status, but low vitamin D levels are associated with dyslipidemia: results from a randomized, controlled trial. Int J Endocrinol. 2010;2010:957174.
    • (2010) Int J Endocrinol
    • Rejnmark, L.1    Vestergaard, P.2    Heickendorff, L.3    Mosekilde, L.4
  • 422
    • 33947608004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of atorvastatin on vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease
    • Pérez-Castrillón JL, Vega G, Abad L, Sanz A, Chaves J, Hernandez G, et al. Effects of atorvastatin on vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:903-5.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 903-905
    • Pérez-Castrillón, J.L.1    Vega, G.2    Abad, L.3    Sanz, A.4    Chaves, J.5    Hernandez, G.6
  • 425
    • 0028846465 scopus 로고
    • Histomorphometric and biochemical characterization of bone following acute severe burns in children
    • Klein GL, Herndon DN, Goodman WG, Langman CB, Phillips WA, Dickson IR, et al. Histomorphometric and biochemical characterization of bone following acute severe burns in children. Bone. 1995;17:455-60.
    • (1995) Bone , vol.17 , pp. 455-460
    • Klein, G.L.1    Herndon, D.N.2    Goodman, W.G.3    Langman, C.B.4    Phillips, W.A.5    Dickson, I.R.6
  • 426
    • 0036191825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D depletion following burn injury in children: A possible factor in post-burn osteopenia
    • Klein GL, Langman CB, Herndon DN. Vitamin D depletion following burn injury in children: a possible factor in post-burn osteopenia. J Trauma. 2002;52:346-50.
    • (2002) J Trauma , vol.52 , pp. 346-350
    • Klein, G.L.1    Langman, C.B.2    Herndon, D.N.3
  • 428
    • 0029318225 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the submarine environment on renalstone risk factors and vitamin D metabolism
    • Dlugos DJ, Perrota PL, Horn WG. Effects of the submarine environment on renalstone risk factors and vitamin D metabolism. Undersea Hyperb Med. 1995;22:145-52
    • (1995) Undersea Hyperb Med , vol.22 , pp. 145-152
    • Dlugos, D.J.1    Perrota, P.L.2    Horn, W.G.3
  • 429
    • 51949084478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotective behaviour and sunscreen use: Impact on vitamin D levels in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Cusack C, Danby C, Fallon JC, Ho WL, Murray B, Brady J, et al. Photoprotective behaviour and sunscreen use: impact on vitamin D levels in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2008;24:260-7.
    • (2008) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.24 , pp. 260-267
    • Cusack, C.1    Danby, C.2    Fallon, J.C.3    Ho, W.L.4    Murray, B.5    Brady, J.6
  • 434
    • 0035157998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of bone mass and vitamin D deficiency after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Standard prophylactic measures fail to prevent osteoporosis
    • Massenkeil G, Fiene C, Rosen O, Michael R, Reisinger W, Arnold R. Loss of bone mass and vitamin D deficiency after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: standard prophylactic measures fail to prevent osteoporosis. Leukemia. 2001;15:1701-5.
    • (2001) Leukemia , vol.15 , pp. 1701-1705
    • Massenkeil, G.1    Fiene, C.2    Rosen, O.3    Michael, R.4    Reisinger, W.5    Arnold, R.6
  • 435
    • 11144356191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A plea for the analysis of vitamin-D levels in patients under photoprotection, including patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS)
    • Querings K, Reichrath J. A plea for the analysis of vitamin-D levels in patients under photoprotection, including patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS). Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15:219.
    • (2004) Cancer Causes Control , vol.15
    • Querings, K.1    Reichrath, J.2
  • 436
    • 0031473321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal vitamin D levels can be maintained despite rigorous photoprotection: Six years' experience with xeroderma pigmentosum
    • Sollitto RB, Kraemer KH, DiGiovanna JJ. Normal vitamin D levels can be maintained despite rigorous photoprotection: six years' experience with xeroderma pigmentosum. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:942-7.
    • (1997) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.37 , pp. 942-947
    • Sollitto, R.B.1    Kraemer, K.H.2    Digiovanna, J.J.3
  • 437
    • 68149112637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pigmentation and vitamin D metabolism in Caucasians: Low vitamin D serum levels in fair skin types in the UK
    • Glass D, Lens M, Swaminathan R, Spector TD, Bataille V. Pigmentation and vitamin D metabolism in Caucasians: low vitamin D serum levels in fair skin types in the UK. PLoS One. 2009;4:e6477.
    • (2009) Plos One , vol.4
    • Glass, D.1    Lens, M.2    Swaminathan, R.3    Spector, T.D.4    Bataille, V.5
  • 440
    • 49449110061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and osteoporosis: A paradox
    • Aloai JF. African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and osteoporosis: a paradox. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:545S-550S.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88
    • Aloai, J.F.1
  • 441
    • 0038047715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection by clothing
    • Morison WL. Photoprotection by clothing. Dermatol Ther. 2003;16:16-22.
    • (2003) Dermatol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 16-22
    • Morison, W.L.1
  • 442
    • 0027294973 scopus 로고
    • Sun protective apparel: Advancements in sun protection
    • Sayre RM, Huges SNG. Sun protective apparel: advancements in sun protection. Skin Cancer J. 1993:8:41-7.
    • (1993) Skin Cancer J , vol.8 , pp. 41-47
    • Sayre, R.M.1    Huges, S.2
  • 445
    • 1042304261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clothing varieties on solar photosynthesis of previtamin D3: An in vitro study
    • Salih FM. Effect of clothing varieties on solar photosynthesis of previtamin D3: an in vitro study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2004;20:53-8.
    • (2004) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.20 , pp. 53-58
    • Salih, F.M.1
  • 446
    • 29444442656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilson CA.Pre-vitamin D3 effective ultraviolet transmission through clothing during simulated wear
    • Parisi AV, Wilson CA.Pre-vitamin D3 effective ultraviolet transmission through clothing during simulated wear. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2005;21:303-10.
    • (2005) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.21 , pp. 303-310
    • Parisi, A.V.1
  • 447
  • 448
    • 0021198541 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to sunlight and vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabian women
    • Fonseca V, Tongia R, el-Hazmi M, Abu-Aisha H. Exposure to sunlight and vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabian women. Postgrad Med J. 1984;60:589-91.
    • (1984) Postgrad Med J , vol.60 , pp. 589-591
    • Fonseca, V.1    Tongia, R.2    El-Hazmi, M.3    Abu-Aisha, H.4
  • 449
    • 34447544027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on sun protection and tanning in children
    • MacNeal RJ, Dinulos JG. Update on sun protection and tanning in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:425-9.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Pediatr , vol.19 , pp. 425-429
    • Macneal, R.J.1    Dinulos, J.G.2
  • 450
    • 0027517607 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use
    • Thompson SC, Jolley D, Marks R. Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1147-51.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1147-1151
    • Thompson, S.C.1    Jolley, D.2    Marks, R.3
  • 452
    • 0344522708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial to assess sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in the prevention of solar keratoses
    • Darlington S, Williams G, Neale R, Frost C, Green A. A randomized controlled trial to assess sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in the prevention of solar keratoses. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:451-5.
    • (2003) Arch Dermatol , vol.139 , pp. 451-455
    • Darlington, S.1    Williams, G.2    Neale, R.3    Frost, C.4    Green, A.5
  • 454
    • 0024255758 scopus 로고
    • Chronic sunscreen use decreases circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. A preliminary study
    • Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Hanifan N, Holick MF. Chronic sunscreen use decreases circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. A preliminary study. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:1802-4.
    • (1988) Arch Dermatol , vol.124 , pp. 1802-1804
    • Matsuoka, L.Y.1    Wortsman, J.2    Hanifan, N.3    Holick, M.F.4
  • 455
    • 70349337892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does chronic sunscreen use reduce vitamin D to insufficient levels?
    • Norval M, Wulf HC. Does chronic sunscreen use reduce vitamin D to insufficient levels? Br J Dermatol. 2009;161:732-6.
    • (2009) Br J Dermatol , vol.161 , pp. 732-736
    • Norval, M.1    Wulf, H.C.2
  • 456
    • 0025282796 scopus 로고
    • Use of topical sunscreen for the evaluation of regional synthesis of vitamin D3
    • Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Hollis BW. Use of topical sunscreen for the evaluation of regional synthesis of vitamin D3. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22:772-5.
    • (1990) J am Acad Dermatol , vol.22 , pp. 772-775
    • Matsuoka, L.Y.1    Wortsman, J.2    Hollis, B.W.3
  • 457
  • 459
    • 0019735806 scopus 로고
    • Absence of seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D despite a rise in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in summer
    • Chesney RW, Rosen JF, Hamstra AJ, Smith C, Mahaffey K, DeLuca HF. Absence of seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D despite a rise in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in summer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;53:139-42.
    • (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.53 , pp. 139-142
    • Chesney, R.W.1    Rosen, J.F.2    Hamstra, A.J.3    Smith, C.4    Mahaffey, K.5    Deluca, H.F.6
  • 460
    • 0020484659 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites
    • Tjellesen L, Nielsen B, Christiansen C. Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;284:196-7.
    • (1982) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.284 , pp. 196-197
    • Tjellesen, L.1    Nielsen, B.2    Christiansen, C.3
  • 461
    • 43149115410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between photoprotection and concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone
    • Maia M, Maeda S, Marçon CR. Correlation between photoprotection and concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone. An Bras Dermatol. 2007;82:233-7.
    • (2007) An Bras Dermatol , vol.82 , pp. 233-237
    • Maia, M.1    Maeda, S.2    Marçon, C.R.3
  • 462
    • 0024723592 scopus 로고
    • The impact of lifestyle factors on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in older adults: A preliminary study
    • Kligman EW, Watkins A, Johnson K, Kronland R. The impact of lifestyle factors on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in older adults: a preliminary study. Fam Pract Res J. 1989;9:11-9.
    • (1989) Fam Pract Res J , vol.9 , pp. 11-19
    • Kligman, E.W.1    Watkins, A.2    Johnson, K.3    Kronland, R.4
  • 464
    • 34547792430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced sun exposure does not explain the inverse association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with percent body fat in older adults
    • Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B. Reduced sun exposure does not explain the inverse association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with percent body fat in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:3155-7.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 3155-3157
    • Harris, S.S.1    Dawson-Hughes, B.2
  • 465
    • 24044447905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen use related to UV exposure, age, sex, and occupation based on personal dosimeter readings and sunexposure behavior diaries
    • Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Sandby-Møller J, Wulf HC. Sunscreen use related to UV exposure, age, sex, and occupation based on personal dosimeter readings and sunexposure behavior diaries. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:967-73.
    • (2005) Arch Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 967-973
    • Thieden, E.1    Philipsen, P.A.2    Sandby-Møller, J.3    Wulf, H.C.4
  • 466
    • 0026958440 scopus 로고
    • Sunbathers' application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation
    • Bech-Thomsen N, Wulf HC. Sunbathers' application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1992-1993;9:242-4.
    • (1992) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.9 , pp. 242-244
    • Bech-Thomsen, N.1    Wulf, H.C.2
  • 468
    • 7344257736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • . Clinically pre-scribed sunscreen (sun protection factor 15) does not decrease serum vitamin D concentration sufficiently either to induce changes in parathyroid function or in metabolic markers
    • Farrerons J, Barnadas M, Rodríguez J, Renau A, Yoldi B, López Navidad A,et al. Clinically pre-scribed sunscreen (sun protection factor 15) does not decrease serum vitamin D concentration sufficiently either to induce changes in parathyroid function or in metabolic markers. Br J Dermatol. 1998;139:422-7.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.139 , pp. 422-427
    • Farrerons, J.1    Barnadas, M.2    Rodríguez, J.3    Renau, A.4    Yoldi, B.5    Navidad, L.A.6
  • 470
    • 78650886291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know
    • Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, et al. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:53-8.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 53-58
    • Ross, A.C.1    Manson, J.E.2    Abrams, S.A.3    Aloia, J.F.4    Brannon, P.M.5    Clinton, S.K.6
  • 473
    • 34547792430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced sun exposure does not explain the inverse association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with percent body fat in older adults
    • Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B. Reduced sun exposure does not explain the inverse association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with percent body fat in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:3155-7.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 3155-3157
    • Harris, S.S.1    Dawson-Hughes, B.2
  • 474
    • 24044447905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunscreen use related to UV exposure, age, sex, and occupation based on personal dosimeter readings and sunexposure behavior diaries
    • Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Sandby-Møller J, Wulf HC. Sunscreen use related to UV exposure, age, sex, and occupation based on personal dosimeter readings and sunexposure behavior diaries. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:967-73.
    • (2005) Arch Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 967-973
    • Thieden, E.1    Philipsen, P.A.2    Sandby-Møller, J.3    Wulf, H.C.4
  • 475
    • 0026958440 scopus 로고
    • Sunbathers' application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation
    • Bech-Thomsen N, Wulf HC. Sunbathers' application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1992-1993;9:242-4.
    • (1992) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.9 , pp. 242-244
    • Bech-Thomsen, N.1    Wulf, H.C.2
  • 477
    • 7344257736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • . Clinically pre-scribed sunscreen (sun protection factor 15) does not decrease serum vitamin D concentration sufficiently either to induce changes in parathyroid function or in metabolic markers
    • Farrerons J, Barnadas M, Rodríguez J, Renau A, Yoldi B, López Navidad A,et al. Clinically pre-scribed sunscreen (sun protection factor 15) does not decrease serum vitamin D concentration sufficiently either to induce changes in parathyroid function or in metabolic markers. Br J Dermatol. 1998;139:422-7.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.139 , pp. 422-427
    • Farrerons, J.1    Barnadas, M.2    Rodríguez, J.3    Renau, A.4    Yoldi, B.5    Navidad, L.A.6
  • 479
    • 78650886291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know
    • Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, et al. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:53-8.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 53-58
    • Ross, A.C.1    Manson, J.E.2    Abrams, S.A.3    Aloia, J.F.4    Brannon, P.M.5    Clinton, S.K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.