Sun protection factor: Meaning and controversies;Fator de proteção solar: Significado e controvérsia

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

Volumn 86, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 507-515

  Schalka, Sergio ^a   dos Reis, Vitor Manoel Silva ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SANTO AMARO   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Dermatology; Solar radiation; Sunscreening agents

Indexed keywords

SUNSCREEN;

ABSORPTION; DOSE CALCULATION; ERYTHEMA; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HUMAN; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SUN EXPOSURE; SUN PROTECTION FACTOR; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ERYTHEMA; HUMANS; SUN PROTECTION FACTOR; SUNLIGHT; SUNSCREENING AGENTS; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 79960066695     PISSN: 03650596     EISSN: 18064841     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0365-05962011000300013     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Roelandts R. History of human photobiology In: Lim HW, Hönigsmann H, Hawk JLM. Photodermatology. New York: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007. p 1-13.
2. Giacomoni PU. Sunprotection: Historical perspective In: Shaath NA. Sunscreens: Regulation and commercial development. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: T&F Informa; 2005. p 71-85.
3. Urbach F, Forbes PD, Davies RE, Berger D. Cutaneous photobiology: past, present, and future. J Invest Dermatol. 1976;67:209-24.
4. Pathak MA. Photoprotection against harmful effects of Solar UVB and UVA radiation: An Update. In: Lowe NJ, Shaath NA, Pathak MA. Sunscreens: Development, evaluation, and regulatory aspects, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997. p 59-79.
5. Osterwalder U, Lim HW. Novel developments in photoprotection: Part I. In: Lim HW, Hönigsmann H, Hawk JLM. Photodermatology. New York: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007. p 279-95.
6. Schalka S. Influência da quantidade aplicada de protetores solares no fator de proteção solar (FPS): avaliação de dois protetores solares com os mesmos ingredientes em diferentes concentrações [Dissertação]. São Paulo (SP): Universidade de São Paulo; 2009. 152 p.
7. Kullavanijaya P, Lim HW. Photoprotection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:937-58.
8. Tuchinda C, Lim HW, Osterwalder U, Rougier A. Novel emerging sunscreen technologies. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24:105-17.
9. Forestier S. Rationale for sunscreen development. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:S133-8.
10. Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Department of Health and Human Services. FDA, USA. Sunscreen Drug Product for Over-The-Counter Human Use, Final Monograph. Federal Register. 1999;64(98):27689-93. [cited 2011 Apr 28]. Avaiablefrom:www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DevelopmentResources/Over-the-CounterOTCDrugs/StatusofOTCRulemakings/ucm090244.pdf
11. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) [Internet]. 2002. Regulamento Técnico Sobre Protetores Solares em Cosméticos, Resolução RDC 237. [acesso 28 Mar 2011]. Disponível em: http://e-legis.anvisa.gov.br/leisref/public/showAct.php?id=18298&word=
12. Naylor MF, Boyd A, Smith DW, Cameron GS, Hubbard D, Neldner KH. High sun protection factor sunscreens in the suppression of actinic neoplasia. Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:170-5.
13. Thompson SC, Jolley D, Marks R. Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1147-51.
14. Green A, Williams G, Neale R, Hart V, Leslie D, Parsons P, et al. Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 1999;354:723-9.
15. Vainio H, Miller AB, Bianchini F. An international evaluation of the cancer-preventive potential of sunscreens. Int J Cancer. 2000;88:838-42.
16. Fourtanier A. Mexoryl SX protects against solar-simulated UVR-induced photocarcinogenesis in mice. Photochem Photobiol. 1996;64:688-93.
17. Hayag MV, Chartier T, DeVoursney J, Tie C, Machler B, Taylor JR. A high SPF sunscreen's effects on UVB-induced immunosuppression of DNCB contact hypersensitivity. J Dermatol Sci. 1997;16:31-7.
18. Huncharek M, Kupelnick B. Use of topical sunscreens and the risk of malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis of 9067 patients from 11 case-control studies. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1173-7.
19. Rigel DS. The effect of sunscreen on melanoma risk. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:601-6.
20. Diffey BL. Sunscreen and melanoma: The future looks bright. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153:378-81.
21. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. World Health Organization. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2001. p. 62. (Sunscreens; vol. 5).
22. Henne W. In vivo determination of the sunscreen factor of cosmetic preparations, history and the present state of art. Parf Kosm. 1983;64:415-423.
23. Schulze R, Einige Versuche und Bemerkungen zum Problem der handelsüblichen Lichtschutzmittel. Praf u Kosm. 1956;37: 310-5.
24. Greiter F. Sun protection factor-development methods. Parf Kosm. 1974;55:70-75.
25. Brown M. SPF testing in Europe: The International SPF Test Method. In: Shaath NA. Sunscreens: Regulation and Commercial Development. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: T&F Informa; 2005. p 779-806.
26. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Department of Health, Education and Welfare. USA: Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter drugs: proposed safety, effective and labeling conditions. Federal register. 43/166. 1978;38206-69.
27. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicability of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:869-71.
28. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, FDA. USA: Sunscreen Drug Product for Over-The-Counter Human Use, Tentative Final Monograph. Federal Register. 1993;58(90):27693-28194.
29. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Department of Health and Human Services. USA: Sunscreen Drug Product for Over-The-Counter Human Use, Proposed Amendment of Final Monograph, Propose Rule, Federal Register. 2007:72(165):49070-122.
30. COLIPA. Sun protection factor test method. COLIPA Publication. Ref 94/289. October 1994.
31. COLIPA [Internet]. International Sun Protection Factor Test Method, February 2003. [cited 2011 May 05]. Avaiable from: http://www.ncv-cosmetica.nl/upload/File/ 20030201_Colipa_SPF_methode.pdf
32. COLIPA [Internet].Guidelines. The European Cosmetics Association. International Sun Protector Factor Test Method, May 2006. [cited 2011 Apr 29]. Avaiable from: http://www.colipa.eu/publications-colipa-the-european-cosmetic-cosmeticsassociation/guidelines.html?view=item&id=21
33. Sayre RM, Agin PP, LeVee GJ, Marlowe E. A comparison of In Vivo and in Vitro testing of sunscreening formulas. Photochem photobiol. 1979; 29:559-66.
34. Brown S, Diffey BL. The effect of applied thichness on sunscreen protection: In vivo and in vitro studies. Photochem Photobiol. 1986;44:509-13.
35. Freeberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Auster KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 6th ed. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 2003. p.58-88.
36. Stenberg C, Larko O. Sunscreen application and its importance for the sun protection factor. Arch Dermatol. 1985;121:1400-2.
37. Bech-Thomsen N, Wulf HC. Sunbather's application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1992;9:242-4.
38. Gottieb A, Bourget TD, Lowe NJ. Effects of amounts of application of sun protection factor. In: Lowe NJ, Shaath NA, Pathak MA. Sunscreens: Development, evaluation, and regulatory aspects. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997. p 583-9.
39. Azurdia RM, Pagliaro JA, Diffey BL, Rhodes LE. Sunscreen application by photosensitive patients is inadequate for protection. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140:255-8.
40. Autier P, Boniol M, Severi G, Dore JF. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Co-operative Group. Quantity of sunscreen used by European students. Br J Dermatol. 2001;144:288-91.
41. Neale R, Williams G, Green A. Application patterns among participants randomized to daily sunscreen use in a skin cancer prevention trial. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1319-25.
42. Faurschou A, Wulf HC. The relation between sun protection factor and amount applied in vivo. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156: 716-9.
43. Bimczok R, Gers-Barlag H, Mundt C, Klette E, Bielfeldt S, Rudolph T, et al. Influence of applied quantity of sunscreen products on Sun Protection Factor - A multicenter study organized by the DGK Task force Sun Protection. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;20:57-64.
44. Schalka S, dos Reis VM, Cucé LC. The influence of the amount of sunscreen applied and its sun protection factor (SPF): Evaluation of two sunscreens including the same ingredients at different concentrations. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25:175-80.
45. Groves GA, Agin PP, Sayre PM. In vitro and In vivo methods to define sunscreen protection. Australas J Dermatol. 1979;20:112-9.
46. Osterwalder U, Herzog B. SPF: World Wide Confusion. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(Suppl. 3):13-24.
47. Diffey B. Sunscreens: Expectation and Realizations. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25:233-6.