Occupational Sun protection: Workplace culture, equipment provision and outdoor workers' characteristics

Journal of Occupational Health

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 84-97

  Reeder, Anthony I ^a   Gray, Andrew ^a   McCool, Judith P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Occupational health; Outdoor workers; Risk perceptions; Skin cancer; Sun protection; Sun exposure

Indexed keywords

EID: 84876430971     PISSN: 13419145     EISSN: 13489585     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1539/joh.12-0182-oa     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Stewart BS, Kleihues P, (editors). World Cancer Report. Lyon: IARC Press; 2003.
2. O'Dea D. The costs of skin cancer to New Zealand. Wellington: Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago; 2009.
3. Ministry of Health. Cancer: New Registrations and Deaths 2009. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2012.
4. Rushton L, Bagga S, Bevan R, et al. The burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain. London: Health and Safety Executive; 2010.
5. Berwick M, Lachiewicz A, Pestak C, Thomas N. Solar UV exposure and mortality from skin tumors. In: Reichrath J, editor. Sunlight, vitamin D and skin cancer. New York: Landes Bioscience & Springer Science; 2009. p.117-24.
6. Madan V, Lear JT, Szeimies R-M. Non-melanoma skin cancer. Lancet 2010; 375: 673-85.
7. Armstrong B. How sun exposure causes skin cancer: an epidemiological perspective. In: Hill D, Elwood JM, English DR, editors. Prevention of Skin Cancer. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004. p. 89-116.
8. Radespiel-Tröger M, Meyer M, Pfahlberg A, Lausen B, Uter W, Gefeller O. Outdoor work and skin cancer incidence: a registry-based study in Bavaria. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2009; 82: 357-63.
9. Lucas R, McMichael A, Smith W, Armstrong B. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation. Environmental Burden of Disease Series No. 13. Geneva: WHO; 2006.
10. Schmitt J, Seidler A, Diepgen TL, Bauer A. Occupational UV-light exposure increases the risk for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164: 291-307.
11. Bauer A, Diepgen TL, Schmitt J. Is occupational solar ultraviolet irradiation a relevant risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological literature. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165: 612-25.
12. Beral V, Robinson N. The relationship of malignant melanoma, basal and squamous skin cancers to indoor and outdoor work. Br J Cancer 1981; 44: 886-91.
13. Vågero D, Ringbäck G, Kiviranta H. Melanoma and Other Tumors of the Skin among Office, Other Indoor and Outdoor Workers in Sweden 1961-1979. Br J Cancer 1986; 53: 507-12.
14. Seckmeyer G, Mckenzie RL. Increased ultraviolet radiation in New Zealand (45°S) relative to Germany (48°N). Nature 1992; 359: 135-7.
15. World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Programme and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Global solar UV index: a practical guide. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2002.
16. Hammond V, Reeder AI, Gray A. Patterns of real-time occupational ultraviolet radiation exposure among a sample of outdoor workers in New Zealand. Public Health 2009; 123: 182-7.
17. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. ICNIRP statement-protection of workers against ultraviolet radiation. Health Phys 2010; 99: 66-87.
18. Statistics New Zealand. Household Labour Force Survey. [Online]. 2012 [cited 2012 Nov 27]; available from URL: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/income-and-work/employment_and_unemployment/HouseholdLabourForceSurvey_HOTPSep11qtr.aspx
19. McCool JP, Reeder AI, Robinson EM, Petrie KJ, Gorman DF. Non-melanoma skin cancer: outdoor workers' perceptions of risk and sun-protection use. Wellington: Cancer Society of New Zealand; 2004.
20. Sheehan JM, Potten CS, Young AR. Tanning in human skin types II and III offers modest photoprotection against erythema. Photochem Photobiol 1998; 68: p. 588-92.
21. Miyamura Y, Coelho SG, Schlenz K, et al. The deceptive nature of UVA tanning versus the modest protective effects of UVB tanning on human skin. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24: 136-47.
22. Woolley T, Buettner PG, Lowe J. Sun-related behaviors of outdoor working men with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer. J Occup Environ Med 2002; 44: 847-54.
23. Dobbinson S, Doyle C, Wakefield M. Farmers' and outdoor workers' beliefs about skin cancer and protection from summer sun: a brief report. CBRC Research Paper Series, No. 18. Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Control Research Institute, the Cancer Council Victoria; 2005.
24. McCool JP, Reeder AI, Robinson EM, Petrie KJ, Gorman DF. Outdoor workers' perceptions of the risks of excess sun-exposure. J Occup Health 2009; 51: 404-11.
25. Madgwick P, Houdmont J, Randall R. Sun safety measures among construction workers in Britain. Occup Med (Oxf) 2011; 61: 430-3.
26. Glanz K, Buller DB, Saraiya M. Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers: state of the evidence and recommendations. Environ Health 2007; 6: 1-22.
27. Stepanski BM, Mayer JA. Solar protection behaviors among outdoor workers. J Occup Environ Med 1998; 40: 43-8.
28. Hearne K, Makin J, Spittal M. National hazard exposure worker surveillance: exposure to direct sunlight and the provision of sun exposure controls in Australian workplaces. Barton: Safe Work Australia; 2010.
29. Girgis A, Sanson-Fisher RW, Watson A. A workplace intervention for increasing outdoor workers' use of solar protection. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 77-81.
30. Health and Technical Services. Guidance notes for the protection of workers from solar ultraviolet radiation. Occupational Safety and Health Information Series, Wellington: Occupational Safety and Health Service; 1994.
31. Cancer Society of New Zealand. Sun protection and outdoor work. Wellington: Cancer Society; 2009.
32. Brougham NDL, Dennett E, Tan ST. Non-melanoma skin cancers in New Zealand-a neglected problem. NZ Med J 2010; 123: 59-65.
33. Brougham NDL, Dennett E, Tan ST. Changing incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in New Zealanders. Aust NZ J Surg 2011; 81: 633-6.
34. Reeder AI. Non-melanoma skin cancer. NZ Med J 2011; 124: 99-100.
35. Cancer Council Western Australia. Occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation: Workers' compensation claims paid in Australia 2000-2009. Perth: Cancer Council; 2011.
36. Ministry of Health. Ethnicity data protocols for the health and disability sector. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2004.
37. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol 1988; 124: 869-71.
38. Bridges T, Ehrlich A. Assessment of behavior and attitudes concerning sun protection and skin cancer risks in Maryland watermen. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 102.
39. Lewis EC, Mayer JA, Slymen D. Postal workers' occupational and leisure-time sun safety behaviors (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006; 17: 181-6.
40. Woolley T, Lowe J, Raasch B, Glasby M, Buettner PG. Workplace sun protection policies and employees' sun-related skin damage. Am J Health Behav 2008; 32: 201-8.
41. Hammond VA, Reeder AI, Gray A, Bell M. Are workers or their workplaces the key to occupational sun protection? Health Prom J Aus 2008; 19: 97-101.
42. Dobbinson S, Wakefield M, Hill D, et al. Prevalence and determinates of Australian adolescents' and adults' weekend sun protection and sunburn, summer 2003-2004. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59: 602-14.
43. Lazovich D, Choi K, Vogel RI. Time to get serious about skin cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21: 1893-901.