In vitro assessment of the broad-spectrum ultraviolet protection of sunscreen products

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1024-1035

  Diffey, Brian L ^a   Tanner, Paul R ^b   Matts, Paul J ^b   Nash, J Frank ^b  

^a NEWCASTLE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVOBENZONE; SUNSCREEN; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; ZINC OXIDE;

ARTICLE; ERYTHEMA; HEALTH HAZARD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION INJURY; RADIATION PROTECTION; ULTRAVIOLET A RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY;

EID: 0033670051     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.109291     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Introduction
2. National Institutes of Health Summary of the Consensus Development Conference on Sunlight, Ultraviolet Radiation, and the Skin, Bethesda, Maryland, May 8-10, 1989
3. Executive summary of the National Partners in Prevention Skin Cancer Conference: American Academy of Dermatology and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2-3, 1996
4. Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use; tentative final monograph; proposed rule
5. Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra of normal human skin
6. A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin
7. Do pyrimidine dimer yields correlate with erythema induction in human skin irradiated in situ with ultraviolet light (275-365 nm)?
8. The similarity of action spectra for thymine dimers in human epidermis and erythema suggests that DNA is the chromophore for erythema
9. The wavelength dependence of ultraviolet carcinogenesis in humans and its relation to risk assessment of stratospheric ozone depletion
10. Cumulative effects from repeated exposures to suberythemal doses of UVB and UVA in human skin
11. Quantitative assessment of cumulative damage from repetitive exposures to suberythemogenic doses of UVA in human skin
12. The spectral dependence for UVA-induced cumulative damage in human skin
13. Low doses of repetitive ultraviolet A induced morphologic changes in human skin
14. Wavelength dependence of histological, physical and visible changes in chronically UV-irradiated hairless mouse skin
15. Sunscreens with low sun protection factor inhibit ultraviolet B and A photoaging in the skin of the hairless albino mouse
16. Photocarcinogenesis by near-ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation in Sencar mice
17. Tumorigenesis by a long wavelength UV-A source
18. Sunscreen use and duration of sun exposure: A double blind randomized trial
19. The need for sunscreens with broad-spectrum protection
20. Transmittance spectra and theoretical sun protection factors for a series of sunscreen-containing sun care products
21. Comparison of methods for assessing photoprotection against ultraviolet A in vivo
22. Evaluating the UVA protection of sunscreens
23. Shedding light on sunscreens
24. Ultraviolet A sunscreen evaluations in normal subjects
25. UVA-induced erythema, pigmentation, and skin surface temperature changes are irradiance dependent
26. Immediate pigment darkening thresholds of human skin to monochromatic (362 nm) ultraviolet A radiation are fluence rate dependent
27. Quantitative studies on UVA-induced erythema in human skin
28. A method for broad-spectrum classification of sunscreens
29. Efficacy of a sunscreen containing butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane against ultraviolet A radiation in photosensitized subjects
30. Indoor and outdoor efficacy testing of a broad-spectrum sunscreen against ultraviolet A radiation in psoralen-sensitized subjects
31. Ultraviolet A claims and testing procedures for OTC sunscreens: A summary and review
32. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro testing of sunscreening formulas
33. A method for the determination of UVA protection for normal skin
34. Indices of protection from in vitro assay of sunscreens
35. Uber spezifische Wirkungen des Langwelligen ultravioletten lichts auf die menschliche haut
36. Determination of UVA protection factors by means of immediate pigment darkening in normal skin
37. An ultraviolet radiation action spectrum for immediate pigment darkening
38. Effects of cutaneous hypoxia upon erythema and pigment responses to UVA, UVB and PUVA (8-MOP + UVA) in human skin
39. Reciprocity for solar simulators used in sunscreen testing
40. Signature p53 mutation at DNA cross-linking sites in 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA)-induced murine skin cancers